Name: _____________________

Writing Foundation C
Cause and Effect words and phrases
Words and phrases describing cause
Subordinating Conjunctions:
Because
* Independent clause because Dependent clause (NO comma).
The problem of obesity is number one in America because people consume a lot of fast and fattening food.
* Because Dependent clause, Independent clause (separated by a comma).
Because people in America consume a lot of fast and fattening food, the problem of obesity has become
number one.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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Since
* Independent clause since Dependent clause (NO comma).
A lot of American people become obese since they constantly eat in fast food restaurants.
* Since Dependent clause, Independent clause (separated by a comma).
Since people in America constantly eat in fast food restaurants, a lot of them become obese.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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Coordinating Conjunction:
For
Many people in America become obese, for they constantly eat fast food.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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Prepositions:
* Because of
Because of a great number of fast food restaurants in America, this country has a problem of obesity.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________

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* Due to
Use of due to:
-

With a noun phrase:

Due to the amount of sugar and fat in food, American cuisine considered very unhealthy.
-

With the phrase the fact that + entire sentence:

Due to the fact that Americans eat a lot of fattening food, the problem of obesity is number one in the country.
-

With a gerund form of the verb:

Due to many peoples eating fattening food, the problem of obesity has become number one in America.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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* On account of
On account of the number of obese people, America is considered the unhealthiest nation in the world.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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* Owing to
America is considered the unhealthiest nation owing to the number of obese people.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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Other phrases:
* One/Another cause
Another cause of obesity is lack of exercises.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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* One/Another reason why
One reason why many people become obese in America is lack of exercises.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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Name: _____________________
Writing Foundation C
Cause and Effect words and phrases
Words and phrases describing effect
Coordinating Conjunction:
* So
Americans eat a lot of snacks between main meals, so many of them gain weight.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Transition words:
* Therefore,
People in America always drive cars; therefore, they easily gain weight.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
* Hence
American people eat a lot of unhealthy snacks. Hence, they easily gain weight.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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* Thus
There is a big variety of fast food restaurants in America; thus, the problem of obesity is number one in the
country.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
* As a result,
Children eat unhealthy snacks every day. As a result, they gain weight at an early age.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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* As a consequence,
She has been eating healthy and doing daily exercises for more than six months. As a consequence, she lost 4
pounds.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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* Consequently,
He eats chips every day while he watches TV; consequently, he gained three undesirable pounds.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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* For this reason,
Many people want to be healthy. For this reason, they should have a balanced diet and do exercises.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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Other phrases:
* One/Another effect (result/consequence)
Another effect of eating fast food is malnutrition.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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* One of the effects (results/consequences)
One of the effects of eating too much sugar is acne.
Your sentence: _________________________________________________________________
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