Tanada v.

Tuvera 146 SCRA 446

Facts: On 24 April 1985, t e C!urt a""ir#ed t e necessit$ "!r t e pu%licati!n t! t e O""icial &a'ette all unpu%lis ed presidential issuances ( ic are !" )eneral applicati!n, and unless s! pu%lis ed, t e$ s all ave n! %indin) "!rce and e""ect. *ecisi!n (as c!ncurred !nl$ %$ + ,ud)es. -etiti!ners #!ve "!r rec!nsiderati!n . clari"icati!n !" t e decisi!n !n vari!us /uesti!ns. S!licit!r &eneral avers t at t e #!ti!n is a re/uest "!r advis!r$ !pini!n. Fe%ruar$ Rev!luti!n t!!0 place, ( ic su%se/uentl$ re/uired t e ne( S!licit!r &eneral t! "ile a re,!inder !n t e issue 1under Rule +, Secti!n 18 !" t e Rules !" C!urt2. 3ssue: 4 et er pu%licati!n is still re/uired in li) t !" t e clause 5unless !t er(ise pr!vided6. 7eld: T e clause 5unless it is !t er(ise pr!vided,6 in Article 2 !" t e Civil C!de, re"ers t! t e date !" e""ectivit$ and n!t t! t e re/uire#ent !" pu%licati!n itsel", ( ic cann!t in an$ event %e !#itted. T is clause d!es n!t #ean t at t e le)islature #a$ #a0e t e la( e""ective i##ediatel$ up!n appr!val, !r !n an$ !t er date, (it !ut its previ!us pu%licati!n. T e le)islature #a$ in its discreti!n pr!vide t at t e usual "i"teen8da$ peri!d s all %e s !rtened !r e9tended. -u%licati!n re/uire#ents applies t! 112 all statutes, includin) t !se !" l!cal applicati!n and private la(s: 122 presidential decrees and e9ecutive !rders pr!#ul)ated %$ t e -resident in t e e9ercise !" le)islative p!(ers ( enever t e sa#e are validl$ dele)ated %$ t e le)islature !r directl$ c!n"erred %$ t e C!nstituti!n: 1+2 Ad#inistrative rules and re)ulati!ns "!r t e purp!se !" en"!rcin) !r i#ple#entin) e9istin) la( pursuant als! t! a valid dele)ati!n: 142 C arter !" a cit$ n!t(it standin) t at it applies t! !nl$ a p!rti!n !" t e nati!nal territ!r$ and directl$ a""ects !nl$ t e in a%itants !" t at place: 152 ;!netar$ <!ard circulars t! 5"ill in t e details6 !" t e Central <an0 Act ( ic t at %!d$ is supp!sed t! en"!rce. Furt er, pu%licati!n #ust %e in "ull !r it is n! pu%licati!n at all since its purp!se is t! in"!r# t e pu%lic !" t e c!ntents !" t e la(s. T e Supre#e C!urt declared t at all la(s as a%!ve de"ined s all i##ediatel$ up!n t eir appr!val, !r as s!!n t erea"ter as p!ssi%le, %e pu%lis ed in "ull in t e O""icial &a'ette, t! %ec!#e e""ective !nl$ a"ter 15 da$s "r!# t eir pu%licati!n, !r !n an!t er date speci"ied %$ t e le)islature, in acc!rdance (it Article 2 !" t e Civil C!de.

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-e!ple vs. >ue -! ?a$ 94 - il 64@ Facts: T e appelant, >ue -! ?a$, (as "!und )uilt$ vi!latin) t e Central <an0 Circular A!. 2 in c!nnecti!n (it Sec. +4 !" RA A!. 265, i# avin) a p!ssessi!n !" BS c e/ues and #!ne$ !rders a#!untin) t! a%!ut C D@@@ ( ic e (as n!t a%le t! sell t! t e a)ents!" Central <an0 !n t e da$ "!ll!(in) t e receipt !" suc a#!unt.

3ssue: 4 et er !r n!t c!nvicti!n (!uld %e reversed !n t e )r!und t at Central <an0 Circular A!. 2 (as n!t pu%lis ed %e"!re its i#ple#entati!n

7eld: Ees, %ecause en"!rce#ent !" suc la( needs pu%licati!n "!r suc la(s s !uld %e in"!r#ed t! pe!ple s! it (!nFt vi!late due pr!cess. ============================================== *; C!nsun,i vs. C!urt !" Appeals &R A!. 1+D8D++, 2@ April 2@@1 Facts: On A!v. 2, 199@, G!se Gue)!, t e us%and !" ;aria Gue)!, t e resp!ndent, "ell "r!# t e 14t "l!!r !" t e Renaissance T!(er, -asi) Cit$ ( ic caused is deat . On ;a$ 9, 1991, ;aria Gue)! "iled a c!#plaint "!r da#a)es in t e RTC !" -asi). T e de"endant !n t e !t er and said t at t e (id!( alread$ a(aited "!r %ene"its "r!# State 3nsurance Fund and %ecause cann!t si#ultane!usl$ pursue rec!ver$ "r!# la%!r and t e c!#pan$, t us Civil case s !uld n!t pr!sper and s !uld err !n C!nsun,iFs side %ut un"!rtunatel$, t e C!urt !" Appeals a""ir#ed t e RTC ,ud)#ent. T us, *.;. C!nsun,i, 3nc. n!( pra$s "!r t e reversal !" CA decisi!n %ased !n: 1. T e pu%lic rep!rt (as inad#issi%le evidence a)ains t e ne)li)ence !" t e petiti!ner. 2. Res ipsa l!/uit!r is applica%le t! pr!ve ne)li)ence !" t e petiti!ner. +. T e petiti!ner is presu#ed ne)li)ent, t e resp!ndent is n!t precluded "r!# rec!verin) da#a)es %ecause resp!ndent alread$ as clai# "r!# HCC. 3ssue: 4 et er !r n!t reversal %e )ranted t! *.;. C!nsun,i, 3nc. !n t e issue !" t e "!ll!(in). 7eld: <ecause t e "irst !n t e )r!unds )iven statin) t at t e p!lice rep!rt (as a earsa$, t e c!urt said t at it, %ein) an entr$ !n t e !""icial rec!rds, is an e9cepti!n !" t e earsa$ rule. Als! t at t e rep!rts #eet t e re/uisites !" ad#issi%ilit$. All t e re/uisites !" res ipsa l!/uit!r is present t us t ere is a reas!na%le presu#pti!n t at ne)li)ence is present. T e resp!ndent can still "ile a civil case due t! t e reas!n !" #ista0e !" "act t at indeed t e deat !" er us%and (as due t! t e ne)li)ence !" t e petiti!ner ( ic (as t e resp!ndents 0n!(led)e later a"ter s e decided t! clai# "r!# HCC. =========================================== Cui vs. Arellan! Bniversit$ &R A!. 1512D, ;a$ +@, 1961 Facts: T e plainti"" H#etri! Cui enr!lled in t e de"endant universit$ in t e C!lle)e !" ?a( "r!# "irst $ear up t! "irst se#ester !" "!urt $ear !" t e stud$ !" la(. On t e sec!nd senester !" is "!urt $ear, Cui le"t t e de"endant sc !!l and "inis es is la( studies in t e C!lle)e !" ?a( !" A%ad Sant!s. A"ter )raduati!n t e plainti"" is a%!ut t! ta0e t e %ar e9a#s ( ere as re/uire#ents, applicants #ust pr!vide a c!p$ !" t eir transcript !" rec!rds ( ere Cui ad #!st !" is rec!rds in Arellan! Bniversit$. T e de"endant universit$ re"used t! issue said transcript !" rec!rds !n t e %asis t at Cui

s !uld "irst rei#%urse t e tuiti!n re"unded t! i# durin) is stud$ !n t e Bnivesit$ %ased !n t e a)ree#ent t e plainti"" si)ned in acceptance !"" t e sc !lars ip )rant %$ t e universit$. T us t e rec!ver$ !" t e su# t e plainti"" paid in !rder t! )et t e transcript "!r t e %ar e9a#inati!n. 3ssue: 4 et er !r n!t t e a)ree#ent %et(een t e de"endant and t e plainti"" ( ere t e latter (aived is ri) t t! rans"er t! an!t er sc !!l (it !ut re"undin) t e sc !lars ip cas . 7eld: A!. <ecause as per ;e#!randu# A!. +8, sc !lars ip s !uld n!t %e )iven #erel$ t! attract students t! enr!ll and sta$ in t e sc !!l, #!re!ver, t at a(aitin) !" t e sc !lars ip is n!t a part !" )!!d cust!#s and accepted p!licies, t us t e decisi!n (as #ade in "av!r !" Cui. ============================================= ;ician! vs. <ri#! 5@ - il 86D Facts: Guan ;ician!, ,udicial ad#inistrat!r, "iled a sc e#e !" partiti!n !" t e estate le"t %$ t e deceased G!sep &. <ri#!. T e last part !" t e <ri#!Fs (ill sa$s: ISec!nd, 3 li0e(ise desire t! state t at alt !u) %$ la( 3 a# a Tur0is citi'en, t is citi'ens ip avin) %een c!n"erred up!n #e %$ c!n/uest and n!t %$ "ree c !ice, n!r %$ n!r#alit$ an !n t e !t er and, avin) resided "!r a c!nsidera%le len)t !" ti#e in t e - ilippines ( ere 3 succeeded in ac/uirin) all !" t e pr!pert$ t at 3 n!( p!ssess, it is #$ (is t at t e distri%uti!n !" #$ pr!pert$ and ever$t in) in c!nnecti!n (it t is, #$ (ill %e #ade and disp!sed !" in acc!rdance (it t e la(s in "!rce in t e - ilippine 3slands, re/uestin) all #$ relatives t! respect t is (is , !t er(ise 3 annul and cancel %e"!re and ( atever disp!siti!n "!und in t is (ill "av!ra%le t! t e pers!n !r pers!ns ( ! "ails t! c!#pl$ (it t is ree/uest.I T e c!urt appr!ved t e sc e#e "iled %$ ;ician!, (it Andre <ri#!, !ne !" t e %r!t ers !" t e deceased, !pp!sin) it. 7e t en "iled "!r an appeal. 3ssue: 4 et er !r n!t t e c!urt erren in den$in) !ppp!sit!r8appelant Andre <ri#! !" is participati!n in t e in eritance le"t %$ G!sep <ri#!. 7eld: Ees, t e instituti!n !" le)atees in t e (ill le"t %$ G!sep <ri#! is c!nditi!nal. 7!(ever, t e said c!nditi!n is c!ntrar$ t! la( %ecause it e9pressl$ i)n!res t e testat!rs nati!nal la( ( en acc!rdin) t! Art. 1@ !" t e Civil C!de, suc nati!nal la( !" t e testat!r is t e !ne t! )!vern t is testa#entar$ disp!siti!ns. T us t e said c!nditi!n is un(ritten, and t e instituti!n !" t e le)atees in said (ill is unc!nditi!nal and c!nse/uentl$ valid and e""ective as t! erein !p!!sit!r. T e sec!nd clause !" t e (ill re)ardin) t e la( ( ic s all )!vern it, and t! t e c!nditi!n i#p!sed up!n t e le)atees, is null and v!id %ein) c!ntrar$ t! la(. ================================================ -ilapil vs. 3%a$8S!#era 1D4 SCRA 65+ Facts: On Septe#%er D, 19D9, 3#elda -ilapil, a Filipin! and Hiric &eilin) a &er#an, (ere #arried in &er#an$. On Ganuar$ 198+, &eilin) initiated a div!rce, clai#in) t at t ere (as "ailure

!" t eir #arria)e, ( ic (as )ranted !n Ganuar$ 15, 1986 %$ t e ?!cal C!urt i" Repu%lic !" &er#an$. On Gune 2D, 1986. &eilin) "iled 2 c!#plaints !" adulter$ alle)in) t at ( ile #arried, petiti!ner ad an a""air (it t(! C inese #en. -etiti!ner "iled a #!ti!n "!r t e %!t Cri#inal cases t! de"er arrai)n#ent and t! suspend "urt er pr!ceedin)s t ere!n. 3ssue: 4 et er t e C!urt is (it !ut ,urisdicti!n t! tr$ and decide t e c ar)e !" adulter$ since t e alle)ed c!#plaint, d!es n!t /uali"ied as an !""ended sp!use avin) !%tained "inal div!rce decree. 7eld: T e "act t at private resp!ndent, &eilin) !%tained a valid div!rce in is c!untr$. T e said div!rce and its e""ects #a$ %e rec!)ni'ed in t e - ilippines ins!"ar as t e private resp!ndent is c!ncerned. T us private resp!ndent, %ein) n! l!n)er a us%and !" t e de"endant as n! le)al standin) t! sue !r c!##ence t e adulter$ case. ======================================= R!e r vs. R!dri)ue' &.R. A!. 14282@, 2@ Gune 2@@+ Facts: -etiti!ner R!e r, a &er#an citi'en and resident !" &er#an$, #arrie dprivate resp!ndent Car#en R!dri)ue', a Filipina, !n *ec 11, 198@ in 7aa#%ur), &er#an$. T eir #arria)e (as su%se/uentl rati"ied !n Fe 14, 1981 in Ta$asan, Ae)r!s Oriental. T e$ ad t(! c ildren, Car!l$nne, %!rn A!ve#%er 18, 1981 and Ale9andria Jristine %!rn !n Oct!%er 25, 198D, %!t ( !se cust!d$ (as placed under R!e r, t eir "at er, in a dcree !" div!rce "r!# t e C!urt !" First 3nstance !" 7a#%ur)8<lan0enese, pr!#ul)ated !n *ece#%er 16, 199D.

3ssues: 1. 4 et er !r n!t resp!ndent ,ud)e )ravel$ a%used er discreti!n in issuin) er !rder dated Septe#%er +@, 1999, ( ic partiall$ #!di"ied er !rder dated Gul$ 4, 1999. 2. 4 et er !r n!t resp!ndent ,ud)e )ravel$ a% used er discreti!n ( en s e assu#ed and retained ,urisdicti!n !ver t e present case despite t e "act t at petiti!ner alread$ !%tained a div!rce "r!# a &er#an c!urt.

7eld: 1. A!. 3t is clear "r!# Sec. + in relati!n t! Sec. D, Rule +D !" 199D Rules !" Civil -r!cedue t at a ,ud)e can !rder a partial rec!nsiderati!n !" a case t at as n!t $et attained "inalit$. 2. A!. A div!rce eld a%r!ad %$ an alien #a$ %e rec!)ni'ed in !ur ,urisdicti!n, pr!vided suc decree is valid acc!rdin) t! t e nati!nal la( !" t e "!rei)ner. 7!(ever (it re)ard t! t e cust!d$ !" t e c ildren, t e private resp!ndent, R!dri)ue', (as n!t )iven t e !pp!rtunit$ t! c allen)e t e ,ud)#ent !" t e &er#an c!urt. ;!re i#p!rtantl$, t e div!rce ,ud)e#ent issued t! t e petiti!ner did n!t t!uc t e issue as t! ( ! t e !""endin) sp!use (as, s! t e c!urt (as c!rrect in settin) t e earin) t! deter#ine t e issue parental vust!d$, care, supp!rt and edcati!n !" t e #ind"ul in terests !" t e c ildren. Rulin): T e RTC !" ;a0ati, <ranc 149, issued !n Septe#%er +@, 1999 and ;arc +1, 2@@@ are a""ir#ed (it #!di"icati!n. T e trial c!urt as ,urisdicti!n !ver t e issue as t! ( ! as parental

cust!d$, care, supp!rt and educati!n !" t e c ildren. =========================================== &arcia vs. Reci! Facts: Reci!, a Filipin!, (as #arried t! an Australian citi'en in ;ala%!n, Ri'al !n ;arc 1, 198D, a decree !" div!rce (as issued %$ t e Australian Fa#il$ C!de t! Reci! and t! is (i"e. On Gune 26, 1992 Reci!n %eca#e an Australian citi'en, s !(n in a certi"icate. &arcia, a Filipina, #arried Reci! !n Ganuar$ 12, 1994 in Ca%aluan Cit$. On Oct!%er 22, 1955, t e$ lived separatel$ (it !u ,udicial diss!luti!n !" t eir #arria)e. <ut !n ;arc +, 1998, &arcia "iled a c!#plaint "!r declarati!n !" nullit$ !n t e )r!und !" %i)a#$. &arcia said t at Reci! is still validl$ #arried t! is "irs (i"e %ecause n! d!cu#ent (as s !(n t at e is div!rced. 3ssue: 4 et er !r n!t Reci! as le)al capacit$ t! re#arr$ despite t e "act t at e as n!t )iven is div!rce t! is "irs (i"e. *ecisi!n: T e Supre#e C!urt eld t at under t e - ilippine la(s, Reci! is n!t le)all$ capacitated t! #arr$ !n Gan 12, 1994 %ecause !" insu""icient evidence s !(in) t at e is le)all$ capacitated t! re#arr$.