PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN

CHAPTER 7 : RESPIRATION Multiple Choice Question Instruction : For Question 1 to Question 10, each question is followed ! four o"tions . A ! C and "# $hoose one correct answer for each question and #l$c%en the corres"ondin% s"ace in !our answer sheet# 7.1: The Respir$tor& Process in Ener'& Pro(uction &# 'hich of the followin% are true a out anaero ic res"iration in ani(al ) A B $ 1 ,# $*+&, O* $*+ &,O* *$O, $*+ &,O* / *+,. / ,$-+*.,$,+0O+ / *O, / / ener%! ,$O, / ener%! / *$O, / ener%!

ener%!

$*+ &, O* *$O,

/ *+,.

The equation a o2e is %lucose fer(entation ! !easts 3i(ase Glucose 'hat is R and 4) A B $ 1 Ethanol Ethanol and O5!%en and $ar on dio5ide Lactic acid and O5!%en Lactic acid and $ar on dio5ide R / 4 / ener%!

-#

'hat are the end "roducts of aero ic res"iration in %reen "lants) I II III I6 A B $ 1 O5!%en Ethanol $ar on dio5ide 'ater I and II I and III II and III III and I6

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:#

'hich state(ent a out ATP is not true) A B $ 1 It has low ener%! It is a fast source of ener%! It is for(ed in the (itochondria It is ener%! that is "roduced fro( the rea;<down of %lucose

0#

'hich of the followin% state(ent a out res"iration is true) A B $ 1 Res"iration occurs onl! in the da! ti(e Onl! "lants carr! out res"iration Internal res"iration in2ol2es the o5idation of food Res"iration occurs onl! at ni%ht

*#

'hich of the followin% are true a out aero ic and anaero ic res"iration in !easts) I II III I6 A B $ 1 Brea;down of %lucose For(ation of ATP (olecules $atal!sed ! en3!(es Production of car ondio5ide I and II onl! I, II and I6 onl! I , III and I6 onl! I, II, III and I6

=#

'hich is not true a out ATP) A B $ 1 +as a low ener%! A fast source of ener%! For(ed in the (itochondria Ener%! that is "roduced fro( the rea;down of %lucose

>#

'hich of the followin% is true a out res"iration) A B $ 1 Onl! "lants carr! out res"iration Res"iration occurs onl! in the da! ti(e In "lants, res"iration occurs onl! at ni%ht $ell res"iration in2ol2es the o5idation of food

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7.) : The Respir$tor& Structures $n( !re$thin' Mech$nis* in Hu*$ns $n( Ani*$ls. ?# 1ia%ra( =#& shows an or%anis( with a different res"irator! s!ste( than hu(an#

1IAGRA@ =#& 'hich of the followin% state(ents a out the or%anis( is true ) A B $ 1 &.# The reathin% s!ste( is (ade u" of trachea Blood flows in the lood 2essels Blood is "u("ed into the tracheal s!ste( O5!%enated lood and deo5!%enated lood (i5 in the hae(ocoele

'hich of the followin% state(ents on the intercostal (uscles is not true ) A B $ 1 The! lie in etween the ri s The! hel" to enlar%e the thoracic ca2it! The! assist in reathin% The! cause the ri to e5"and

&&#

'hich of the followin% "aths does a (olecule of car on dio5ide ta;e as it lea2es the od!) A B $ 1 Al2eolus Al2eolus Trachea Bronchiole ronchiole ronchus ronchus ronchus ronchus ronchiole ronchiole al2eolus trachea trachea al2eolus trachea

&,#

1ia%ra( =#, shows a si("le wooden "arallelo%ra( (odel to illustrate the reathin% (echanis( in hu(an#

1IAGRA@ =#,

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'hat "rocesses occur to chan%e fro( "osition P to 8 ) I II III I6 A B $ 1 &-# E5ternal intercostal (uscles contracts In ternal intercostal (uscles rela5 Ri ca%e is "ushed downwards and inwards E5halation occurs I and II onl! III and I6 onl! I , II and III onl! I , II , III and I6

1ia%ra( =#- shows the lon%itudinal section of a thora5 2iewed fro( the side#

1IAGRA@ =#1urin% the reathin% "rocess, which of the followin% occurs when the dia"hra%( is arch sha"ed) E5ternal intercostal (uscles A B $ 1 Rela5 Rela5 $ontract $ontract Ri ca%e @o2e(ent of air

@o2es downwards and Air forced out of the inwards lun%s @o2es u"wards outwards and Air forced out of the lun%s

@o2es downwards and Air suc;ed into the lun%s inwards @o2es u"wards outwards and Air suc;ed into the lun%s

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7.+ : ,$seous E-ch$n'e $cross the Sur.$ces $n( Tr$nsport o. ,$seous in Hu*$ns &:# 1ia%ra( =#: shows the structure for %aseous e5chan%e#

1ia%ra( =#: 'hich of the followin% are its characteristics ) I II III I6 A B $ 1 &0# I and III onl! II and I6 onl! I, II and III onl! III and I6 onl! Alwa!s (oist Thin and "er(ea le +as a lar%e surface area $o("lete with (ain lood 2essel

'hich of the followin% state(ent is true ) A B $ 1 Partial "ressure of O, is hi%her air than in the "ul(onar! arter! Partial "ressure of O, is hi%her in (uscle cells than in surroundin% ca"illaries Partial "ressure of $O, is hi%her in the "ul(onar! 2ein than in the "ul(onar! arter! Partial $O, is hi%her in al2eolar air than in the "ul(onar! arter!

&*#

1ia%ra( =#0 shows e5chan%e of res"irator! %ases in the lun%s and at od! cells#

1IAGRA@ =#0

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'hich of the followin% is true) In the al2eolus Partial "ressure of O, A B $ 1 +i%h Low +i%h Low Partial "ressure of $O, Low +i%h Low +i%h In the od! cells Partial "ressure of O, +i%h Low Low +i%h Partial "ressure of $O, Low +i%h +i%h Low

&=#

A student e5haled air se2eral ti(es onto a "iece of dr! co alt chloride "a"er# +e noticed that the "a"er chan%ed fro( lue to "in;# Another "iece of dr! co alt chloride "a"er that ha2e een "laced in an o"en Petri dish re(ained lue for the duration of the e5"eri(ent A& (inuteB# 'hat is the conclusion of the e5"eri(ent) A B $ 1 E5haled air contains (ore o5!%en than inhaled air E5haled air contains (ore car on dio5ide than inhaled air E5haled air contains (ore water 2a"our than inhaled air E5haled air contains (ore heat ener%! than inhaled air

&>#

1ia%ra( =#* shows the arran%e(ent of equi"(ent required to (easure the %aseous content of air#

1IAGRA@ =#* Len%th of e5haled air colu(n Len%th of ehhaled air colu(n after treat(ent with "otassiu( h!dro5ide C C &.#. c( ?#* c( >#0D c(

Len%th of ehhaled air colu(n after treat(ent with "otassiu( "!ro%allate C

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'hat is the "ercenta%e of o5!%en content in the e5haled air) A B $ 1 &?# :#, E >#0 E &&#. E ,&#. E

'hich of the followin% factors does not affect the rate of res"iration in (an) A# B# E5ercise Food

$# +i%h attitudes 1# Fear 7./ : The Re'ul$tor& Mech$nis* in Respir$tion ,.# 'hich of the followin% %ra"hs show the chan%es in concentration of lactic acid in (uscles durin% and &. (inutes after 2i%orous acti2ities)

,&#

'hat are the chan%es in s;eletal (uscles when an athlete is runnin% a :.. (etre race) Gl!co%en A B $ 1 1ecreased 1ecreased Increased Increased ATP Increased 1ecreased Increased 1ecreased Lactic acid 1ecreased Increased 1ecreased Increased

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,,#

'hen a "erson li2es at hi%h altitudes for a lon% ti(e, he eco(es accli(ati3ed to the low "artial "ressure of o5!%en ! increasin% the I II III I6 A B $ 1 total nu( er of red lood cells total hae(o%lo in content 2entilation rate rate of heart eat III and I6 I,II and III I,II and I6 I,II,III and I

,-#

'hich of the followin% state(ents are true when a "erson run :.. (etres race) I II III I6 A B $ 1 The rate of heart eat increase Anaero ic res"iration occurs in the s;eletal (uscles Lactic acid accu(ulates in the lun%s There is an o5!%en de t

I,II and III onl! I,II and I6 onl! II,III and I6 onl! I,II,III and I6 onl!

24.

The %ra"h elow shows the chan%es in lun% air "ressure durin% inhalation and e5halation#

. Air "ressure in
the lun%s A(( +%B

765 P Q

760 R S

755

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Ti(eFsec

'hich "art re"resents the ti(e when the ri A P B 8 $ R 1 4 ,0#

one starts (o2in% u"wards)

'hich factor is (ost effecti2e increasin% the rate of reathin% in hu(an) A B $ 1 Increased "artial "ressure of car on dio5ide in the lood which results in (ore car onic acid and decreased in lood "+ Increased "artial "ressure of o5!%en in the lood 1ecreased "artial "ressure of car on dio5ide in the lood 1ecreased "artial "ressure of o5!%en in the lood

7.0 ,*#

The I*port$nce o. M$int$inin' $ He$lth& Respir$tor& S&ste* 'hat are the har(ful effects of s(o;in%) I II III I6 A B $ 1 +i%her ris; of ha2in% a child who suffers fro( down s!ndro(e $auses e("h!se(a Increases the ris; of heart attac;s and stro;e +i%her ris; of %ettin% lun% cancer

I and II onl! I,III and I6 onl! II,III and I6 I,II, III and I6

,=#

'hich of the followin% su stances is a res"irator! "oison) A B $ 1 @a%nesiu( $hloride $!anide $alciu(

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7.1 ,>#

Respir$tion in Pl$nts 1ia%ra( =#= shows three tu es contained an equal 2olu(e of h!dro%en car onate indicator solution which had een created

# 1IAGRA@ =#= 'hat will e the color of the indicator solution after two hours ) @ A B $ 1 7ellow Red Red Pur"lish red ,?# 7ellow 7ellow Red Red N Red Pur"lish red 7ellow 7ellow O

'hich of the followin% infor(ation is true for oth "hotos!nthesis and res"iration) Photos!nthesis A B $ 1 $ell that carries out the $ell with chloro"last "rocess $ondition at which "rocess ta;es "lace su strate Products Presence of li%ht 'ater dio5ide and Aero ic res"iration All t!"e of li2in% cells A sence of li%ht

car on Glucose

Glucose, o5!%en and $ar on dio5ide, ethanol water and ener%!

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-.#

'hich of the followin% is not true of "hotos!nthesis and aero ic res"iration that occur in a %reen "lant) Photos!nthesis A B Occurs onl! in "hotos!nthesis cell Aero ic res"iration Occurs in all li2in% cells

'ater and car on dio5ide are Glucose and o5!%en are requared requared Glucose and o5!%en are "roduced $ar on dio5ide, water and ener%! are released Occurs durin% the ni%ht

1 -&#

Occurs durin% the da!

+ow do "lants carr! out %aseous e5chan%e etween their li2in% cell sand the surroundin%) I II III I6 A# B# $# 1# Throu%h the sto(ata "ores Throu%h the lenticels Throu%h the cor; la!er of the ste( Throu%h the cells wall of !oun% root ti"s

I,II and III onl! I, II and I6 onl! II,III and I6 onl! I, II, III and I6 onl!

-,#

'hich of the followin% strate%! is (eant to increase the efficienc! of %as e5chan%e in "lants) A B $ D +a2in% a lar%e nu( er of lea2es @ore sto(ata in the u""er e"ider(is +a2in% the intercellular s"aces filled with fluid 1ro""in% the old lea2es

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Structure( Ite*s
7.1: &# The Respir$tor& Process in Ener'& Pro(uction $ell res"iration occurs in oth "lants and ani(als# This "rocess can %enerall! e re"resented ! the followin% equation G

AaB

The a o2e equation shows that o5!%en is used for cell res"iration# 4o, when an ani(al is acti2el! runnin%, its rate of inhalation and e5halation increases# E5"lain wh! does the rate of heart eat also increases) 2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222 H& (ar;I

A B

AiB

'hat is the for( of ener%! te("oraril! stored durin% tissue res"iration efore it is used ! (uscles) H& (ar;I

222222222222222222222222222 AiiB Besides ener%!, what are the end "roducts of anaero ic "lants and ani(als) res"iration in

H, (ar;sI

222222222222222222222222222 222222222222222222222222222 AcB 'h! does an ani(al continue to ha2e a hi%h rate of res"iration e2en at the end of a 2i%orous e5ercise) H- (ar;sI

22222222222222222222222222222222222 22222222222222222222222222222222222 22222222222222222222222222222222222 222222222222222222222222222222222...2

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AdB

4tate - characteristics of the al2eoli which ensure efficient %aseous e5chan%e# H- (ar;sI 22222222222222222222222222222222222 22222222222222222222222222222222222 22222222222222222222222222222222222

AeB

The trachea and

ronchii in (a((als ha2e rin%s of cartila%e in their walls# H, (ar;sI

'h! are these cartila%e rin%s necessar!)

22222222222222222222222222222222222 22222222222222222222222222222222222 22222222222222222222222222222222222

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7.) : ,#

The Respir$tor& Structures $n( !re$thin' Mech$nis* in Hu*$ns $n( Ani*$ls. 1ia%ra( =#> shows the arran%e(ent of so(e or%ans in the thoracic re%ion of hu(an#

1ia%ra( =#> AaB AiB Na(e the "art la elled P and state its function# A& (ar;sB

222222222222222222222222222.. 222222222222222222222222222.. AiiB Na(e the tissue 8 found in the trachea and state its function# A, (ar;sB 222222222222222222222222222.. 222222222222222222222222222.. AiiiB Na(e the "art la elled R and state its function# A, (ar;sB

222222222222222222222222222.. 222222222222222222222222222.. A B AiB Na(e the "rocess ! which the e5chan%e of %ases occurs in the al2eoli# A& (ar;B

222222222222222222222222222...

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AcB 4tate two wa!s in which s(o;in% can decrease the efficienc! of the res"irator! s!ste(# A, (ar;sB

hu(an

2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222

3.

1ia%ra( =#? shows the res"irator! or%an A and B#

Organ A Figure 3

Organ B

ORGAN A 1IAGRA@ =#?

ORGAN B

AaB

Na(e or%an A and or%an B#

A, (ar;sB

Or'$n A: 222222222222222222222 Or'$n ! : 222222222222222222222

A B

1raw and la el the res"irator! surfaces of J and 7#

A: (ar;sB

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AcB

E5"lain four characteristics of the res"irator! structure J and structure 7 that ena le %aseous e5chan%e to e carried out efficientl! in the res"irator! or%ans# A: (ar;sB 2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222

AdB

E5"lain how (icroor%anis( carr! out res"iration without s"eciali3ed res"irator! structure# A , (ar;sB

2222222222222222222222222222222 222222222222222222222222222222.. 2222222222222222222222222222222

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7.+ : :#

,$seous E-ch$n'e $cross the Sur.$ces $n( Tr$nsport o. ,$seous in Hu*$ns 1ia%ra( =#&. shows %aseous e5chan%e in the lun%s and tissues in hu(ans#

Red lood cell

Blood ca"illar! Bod! cells

1ia%ra( =#&. AaB AiB Na(e 7 which is found in the lun%s# H& (ar;I

22222222222222222222222222222 AiiB Na(e t3o characteristics of 7 which (a;es it efficient for %aseous e5chan%e# H, (ar;sI

22222222222222222222222222222 22222222222222222222222222222 A B AiB Na(e the su stance in red lood cells that hel" in the trans"ort of o5!%en# H& (ar;I

22222222222222222222222222222 AiiB Na(e the (ineral found in the su stance in A BAiB# H& (ar;I

2222222222222222222222222222. AcB In what for( is car on dio5ide trans"orted in the lood "las(a to the lun%s) H& (ar;I

..................................................................................................................

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AdB

@ and N are "h!sical "rocesses that occur durin% %aseous e5chan%e# Na(e @ and N# H, (ar;sI

222222222222222222222222222222.. 222222222222222222222222222222.. AeB 'hat ha""ens to car on (ono5ide when it is a sor ed into the lood) H& (ar;I

222222222222222222222222222222..

AfB

'hen there is lac; of o5!%en, what is "roduced fro( cellular res"iration in hu(an od! cells) H& (ar;I 2222222222222222222222222222222

A%B

4(o;in% can da(a%e lun%s# Na(e two su stances which can e found in ci%arette s(o;e# H, (ar;sI 2222222222222222222222222222222

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7./ : The Re'ul$tor& Mech$nis* in Respir$tion 0# 1ia%ra( =#&& shows the chan%es of the lactic acid concentration in a (anKs lood durin% and after 2i%orous e5ercise#
Lactic acid concentration in blood ( mg/ 100 cm3 blood )

1IAGRA@ =#&& AaB E5"lain the chan%es that occur durin% sta%e J#
Time H- (ar;sI 8 minutes of (minute) 2222222222222222222222222222222 vigorous activity

2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222 A B AiB Based on 1ia%ra( =#=, when will the lactic acid concentration le2el return H& (ar;I

to nor(al le2el durin% sta%e 7)

2222222222222222222222222222222 AiiB E5"lain what ha""en to the e5cess lactic acid) H, (ar;sI

2222222222222222222222222222222 2222222222222222222. 22222222222. 22222222222222222222222222222

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AcB

'rite the che(ical equation of res"iration which "roduces lactic acid# H& (ar;I 222222222222222222222222222222..

AdB

1ia%ra( =#&, shows a re%ulatin% (echanis( of o5!%en and car on dio5ide content in the od!#

1IAGRA@ =#&, Based on 1ia%ra( 0#,, e5"lain how the heart eat and reathin% rates increase after 2i%orous e5ercise# H: (ar;sI 2222222222222222222222222222222222.2. 2222222222222222222222222222222.2222. 22222222222222222222222222222222222. 22222222222222222222222. 2222222222222222222222222222222.. 22222222222222222222222222222222. 2222222222222222222. 22222222222222222222222222222222222.. 22222222222222222222222222222222222..

7.0

The I*port$nce o. M$int$inin' $ He$lth& Respir$tor& S&ste*

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*#

1ia%ra( =#&- shows the a""aratus used to in2esti%ate the effects of s(o;in%

on

white cotton wool and icar onate indicator solution#

1ia%ra( =#&-

AaB

'hat does the %lass 9<tu e re"resent)

H& (ar;I

22222222222222222222222222222222. A B 'hat would e the ther(o(eter readin% after ci%arette has een co("letel! urnt) H& (ar;I 22222222222222222222222222222222. AcB 4tate the effect of the ci%arette s(o;e on AiB AiiB the white cotton wool in the 9<tu e, 22222222222222222222222222222.. the icar onate indicator solution 22222222222222222222222222222.. AdB AiB Na(e two carcino%enic su stances contain in the ci%arette# H, (ar;sI 22222222222222222222222222222... H, (ar;sI

AiiB

E5"lain how these su stances can cause cancer#

H- (ar;sI

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22222222222222222222222222222...22. 22222222222222222222222222222222. 2222222222222222222222222222..222.. 2222222222222222222222222222222....

AeB

4tate three har(ful effects of s(o;in%#

H- (ar;sI

22222222222222222222222222...22222222. 22222222222222222222222222222222222. 2222222222222222222222222222..222222. 2222222222222222222222222222222.............

Ess$& Ite*s

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&

AaB A B

E5"lain how ener%! is released durin% res"iration# 7east is ca"a le of oth aero ic and anaero ic res"iration#

H:

(ar;sI 4tate the co("arison etween aero ic and anaero ic res"iration in !east# H* (ar;sI AcB 1ia%ra( =#&0 shows an athlete is runnin% in trac;# 1ia%ra( =#&* shows o5!%en de t %ra"h

1IAGRA@ =#&0

1IAGRA@ =#&*

Based on the a o2e dia%ra( and %ra"h, e5"lain the "roduction of ener%! ! the od! of the athlete# H&. (ar;sI

AaB

The (echanis( of ins"iration in the hu(an od! is an acti2e "rocess and e5"iration is a "assi2e "rocess# 1escri e how ins"iration and e5"iration occur in hu(an od!# H&. (ar;sI

A B

E5"lain how an o5!%en de t is uilt u" when an athlete is runnin% a :.. (etres race and how it is re"air after the race#

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H&. (ar;sI -# AaB 1escri e %aseous e5chan%e in AiB AiiB A B Insects Flowerin% "lants H &. (ar;s I

$o("are the res"irator! surface of an insect with that of a flowerin% "lant# H * (ar;s I 1escri e the "ath of an o5!%en (olecule fro( the at(os"here to the heart# H : (ar;s I

AcB

AaB

1ia%ra( =#&= shows the lon%itudinal section throu%h the thora5 of a (an#

1IAGRA@ =#&= 1escri e riefl! the (echanis( of reathin% in (an# In !our answer, descri e the "arts "la!ed ! the AiB AiiB AiiiB dia"hra%( intercostals (uscles and ri s, and al2eoli H &. (ar;s I A B E5"lain, with the hel" of a la elled dia%ra(, how %aseous e5chan%es etween hu(an al2eolus and lood ca"illaries in the lun%s occur# +ow is the res"irator! surface ada"ted for this "rocess)

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H &. (ar;s I

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