Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Websites, Articles, and Books: - Aguinaldo Y Famy, Don Emilio. "Chapter I.

The Revolution of 1896." N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. True Version of the Philippine Revolution. Authorama. Web. 8 Sept. 2013. <http://www.authorama.com/true-version-of-the-philippinerevolution-2.html>. This was a chapter in a book written by Emilio Aguinaldo, who was one of the important roles in the Philippine Revolution itself, just republished on the internet. This e-Book provided a lot of information about Aguinaldos personal opinion on the Spanish, the Revolution starting in 1896, and provided me with some primary quotes as well. I used this chapters information throughout my Revolution pages. This was an excellent source. - Aguinaldo Y Famy, Don Emilio. "Chapter I. The Revolution of 1896." N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. True Version of the Philippine Revolution. Authorama. Web. 8 Sept. 2013. <http://www.authorama.com/true-version-of-the-philippinerevolution-2.html>. This was another chapter of the book mentioned above, which was republished online. Again, I got a lot of first-hand information/accounts from this e-Book. I got to see how Aguinaldo felt about the Biak-na-bato treaty in this chapter, and a little information about the pact itself. I used the information from here in my Aftermath page, under the The Pact of Biak-Na-Bato heading. This was a really useful source. - Aguinaldo Y Famy, Don Emilio. "Chapter X. The Proclamation of Independence." N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. True Version of the Philippine Revolution. Authorama. Web. 16 Nov. 2013. <http://www.authorama.com/true-version-of-the-philippinerevolution-11.html>. This was also another chapter in the book mentioned earlier. This chapter helped me understand how Emilio Aguinaldo felt about proclaiming independence from the Spanish Colonial Government. Though I didnt use much of the information from this chapter on my website, this was still a good source. It was a book written by a prominent person at the time of the revolution. - Bautista, Ambrosio R., and Emilio Aguinaldo. "Proclamation of Independence (English), June 12, 1898. [PDF File]" Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Gov.ph, n.d.

Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/Proclamation-ofIndependence-English-June-12-1898.pdf>. This is an English version of the Proclamation of Independence, declared by the Philippines on June 12, 1898, on a PDF File. I considered this as a primary source because it was a translation of the original Proclamation written back in 1898. This was a good source, as it showed me exactly what the Proclamation said and asked for. I used this as a download link on my Aftermath page. Pictures: - Bautista, Ambrosio Rianzares. Philippine Declaration of Independence, June 12, 1898. 12 Jun. 1898. Photograph. National Library of the Philippines. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 Oct. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philippine_independence.jpg> The Philippine Declaration of Independence, declared on June 12, 1898. - Philippine Presidential Museum and Library. Philippine Independence, July 4, 1946. 1946. Photograph. Philippine Presidential Museum and Library. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 21 Nov. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philippine_Independence,_July_4_1946.jpg> A photograph of the lowering of the American Flag in the Philippines during the Philippines Independence Day ceremonies, on July 4, 1946.

- Rizal, Jose. Noli Me Tangere. c. 1887. Book Cover. tl.wikipedia.org. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg> The cover of Jose Rizals novel, Noli Me Tangere, which was written to show how the Spanish officials, especially the friars, mistreated Filipinos. The book was published in 1887. - Saluyot (ilo.wikipedia.org user). Katipuneros. 1898. Photograph. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katipuneros.jpg> This is a photograph of Katipunan soldiers, also known as Katipuneros, in 1898. - Unknown. Andres Bonifacio. end of 19th c. Photograph. kasaysayan-kkk.info. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 08 Sep. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andres_Bonifacio_photo.jpg>

This is one of the only surviving photographs of Andres Bonifacio, who formed the Katipunan. - Unknown. Campamento de Emilio Aguinaldo en Biak-na-Bato. 1897. Photograph. Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biaknabato.jpg> A photograph Emilio Aguinaldos camp in Biak-na-Bato in 1897. - Unknown. Congreso de Malolos. 1898. Photograph. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malolos_congress.jpg> This is a picture of the revolutionary congress, formed in 1898 by Filipino reformists. - Unknown. Dr. Jose Rizal. 1896. Photograph. commons.wikimedia.org. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dr_Jose_Rizal.jpg> A photograph of Jose Rizal in 1896 before his execution. - Unknown. Ferdinand Magellan. 1810. Engraving. Library of Congress. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Magellan_1810_engraving.jpg> An engraving of Ferdinand Magellan, who was one of the first European explorers in the Philippines. - Unknown. Filipino Illustrados in Madrid. c. 1890. Photograph. livejournal.com. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ilustrados_1890.jpg> A photograph of Filipino Illustrados who were a part of the Propaganda Movement, a group in support of reforms to the Spanish government, taken in 1890 in Madrid, Spain. - Unknown. Filipino Insurgents Surrender. c. 1900. Photograph. War Department. Division of the Philippines. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 03 Nov. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filipinoinsurgentssurrender.jpg> This is a photograph of Filipino rebels laying down their weapons to surrender in 1900 during the Philippine-American War. - Unknown. Filipino Soldiers Outside Manila 1899. Photograph. wisc.edu. Wikimedia Commons.

Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filipino_soldiers_outside_Manila_1899.jpg> A photograph Filipino soldiers outside of Manila during the Philippine-American war in 1899. - Unknown. Jose Rizals Execution. 1896. Photograph. joserizal.ph. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 Oct. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rizal_execution.jpg> A photograph of Jose Rizals execution by firing squad, on December 30, 1896, after being charged with rebellion. - Unknown. Kalayaan First Page. January 1896. Photograph. aijic.com. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 08 Oct. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kalayaan_Katipunan_first_page.png> This is a copy of the first page of the revolutionary group, the Katipunans, own newspaper known as the Kalayaan. This issue is dated January 1896. - Unknown. Our Boys Entrenched Against the Filipinos. c. 1899. Photograph. NARA. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 03 Nov. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1899UStroops.jpg> This is a photograph of U.S. troops during the Philippine-American War in action. The photo was taken in 1899. - Unknown. Pact of Biak-na-Bato Filipino Negotiators. 1898. Photograph. umich.edu. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pact_of_Biak-naBato_Filipino_negotiators.JPG> A photograph of the Filipino negotiators of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, taken in 1898. - Unknown. Wounded American Soldiers at Santa Mesa. 1899. Photograph. wisc.edu. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wounded_American_soldiers_at_Santa_Mesa.j pg> A photograph of wounded American soldiers during the Philippine-American war. The photo was taken in 1899 at Santa Mesa, Manila. - Unknown. Younger Emilio Aguinaldo. 1898. Photograph. loc.gov. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Oct. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PresidentAguinaldo.jpg>

A photograph of Emilio Aguinaldo, a man who fought for Filipino rights by defeating several Spanish forces, and who eventually took over as leader of the Katipunan. - US Army Signal Corps. Insurgent Soldiers in the Philippines. 1899. Photograph. wisc.edu. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 03 Nov 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Insurgent_soldiers_in_the_Philippines_1899.jpg > A photograph of Filipino soldiers during the Philippine-American war in 1899. The war broke out after the U.S. didnt recognize the Philippines as an independent nation. - US Military Personnel. First Prisoners of the Filipino Revolution in 1896. 1896. Photograph. umich.edu. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 08 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_prisoners_of_the_Filipino_revolution_in_1 896.JPG> This is a photograph of some of the first prisoners of the Philippine Revolution after early revolts, which was taken in 1896. - Wilberforce, Archibald. Utah Battery near San Juan Bridge. 1899. Photograph. The Great Battle of All Nations. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Utah_Battery_San_Juan_Bridge.jpeg> A photograph of the Utah Battery in action on February 5, 1899 near the San Juan Bridge in the Philippines, during the Philippine-American war. Secondary Sources Websites, Articles, and Books: - Agoncillo, Teodoro A., and Milagros C. Guerrero. History of the Filipino People. 4th ed. Quezon City: R.P. Garcia, 1973. Print. A well known title around the world, History of the Filipino People provided me with great information about the pre-colonial times, the colonial times, and the revolution times of the Philippines, from a historians point of view. It covered a lot from the Katipunan, to the Philippine-American war. This was a great source. I used its information throughout my website, especially in the Aftermath tab. - Alip, Eufronio M., Philippine History: Political, Social, Economic. Ninth Revised ed. Manila:

Alip & Sons, 1969. Print. This was a great book. It provided a lot of details about the Philippines history, dating back to the time it wasnt under Spanish rule. It covered a lot of details, from the people, culture, and traditions of the Filipino people. It also covered the Revolution, and had a lot of pictures. Its information was used throughout my website. It was an excellent source. - Churchill, Bernardita R., "The Katipunan Revolution." National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Subcommission on Culture and Heritage, n.d. Web. 12 June 2013. <http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?i=190&ig m=2>. This was one of the first sources I looked at when I started researching on my topic. This source was great. It provided a lot of background information, dating from as early as the time when the Philippines wasnt under Spanish rule in the early 1500s, up to the pact of Biak-na-bato in 1897. This provided me a general understanding of the history of the revolution, and was a great source. - Craig, Austin. The Filipinos' Fight for Freedom. New York: AMS, 1973. Print. This was a great source. It covered a bunch of topics specifically relating to my topic. It covered times under Spanish Colonial Rule, to times of the Revolution. It helped me understand the events of the Revolution more and why certain actions were done. I used its information a lot throughout my website. - Guerrero, Milagros C., Emmanuel N. Encarnacion, and Ramon N. Villegas. "Andres Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution." National Commission for Culture and the Arts. ncca.gov.ph, 16 June 2013. Web. 14 Aug. 2013. <http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-na/article.php?i=5=1>. This was an excellent source. It covered almost everything the Katipunan had a part in. This site included information on the formation, members, and the significance of the revolution of 1896, which the Katipunan started. This was a great source. - Lightfoot, Keith. The Philippines. New York: Praeger, 1973. Print. This book provided me with a basic understanding of the whole country of the Philippines itself. This book covered everything from its history to its current economy. I mainly used the parts of the history of the Philippines to help me on my website. From this source, I learned more about how the Spanish discovered the Philippines and the actions the government did while there.

- Paderes, Sofia. "Timeline of the Philippine Revolution." Academia. Academia.edu, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013. <http://www.academia.edu/2499228/Timeline_of_the_Philippine_Revolution_from_La_Li ga_Filipina_to_the_execution_of_the_13_Martyrs_of_Cavite_>. This was a great timeline of numerous events in the Philippine Revolution. It provided me with the numerous events and the dates they took place in. Since it covered many parts of the Revolution, I used its information throughout my revolution tabs. - PBS. "August 1896: A Revolt in the Philippines." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 08 July 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl5.html>. Though this wasnt too long of a source, it provided me a basic understanding of the revolution from 1896 until the Philippine-American war. I used this information throughout my Revolution tabs. This was a decent source. - Rizal, Jose. The Social Cancer (Translated Version of Noli Me Tangere). Trans. Charles E. Derbyshire. N.p.: n.p., n.d. The Life and Writings of Dr. Jose Rizal. Nhcp.gov.ph. Web. 16 Sept. 2013. <http://joserizal.nhcp.gov.ph/Writings/Noli/English/socialcancer.htm>. This was a translated version of Jose Rizals novel, Noli Me Tangere published online. This book showed how the Spanish government mistreated Filipinos, and how Filipinos felt about the Spanish Government at the time. I got to better understand why the Filipinos did not like the Spanish, and exactly why the Spanish didnt approve of this book either. I also got some quotes from this book as well. This was a great source. - Rizal, Jose. The Reign of Greed (English Translation of El Filibusterismo). Trans. Charles E. Derbyshire. N.p.: n.p., n.d. The Life and Writings of Dr. Jose Rizal. Nhcp.gov.ph. Web. 16 Sept. 2013. <http://joserizal.nhcp.gov.ph/Writings/Fili/English/reignofgreed.htm>. This was a translated version of Rizals other novel, El Filibusterismo published online. Jose Rizal was a person who supported changes in the Spanish government at the time. Reading this, I got a great first-hand account of someones opinion of the Spanish government, who was actually around when they were present. Again, like his other book, from this I got to better understand why the Filipinos didnt like the Spanish. This was a great source as well. - "Andres Bonifacio." Britannica School. Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 16 Jul. 2013. <http://school.eb.co.uk/levels/advanced/article/80615>. While in the early stages of researching about my topic, I really wanted to learn about the people involved in the revolution. I was sort of familiar with Jose Rizal, but not with

Andres Bonifacio. This source helped me understand why Bonifacio created the revolutionary group, the Katipunan. - "Biak Na Bato Republic | Pact of Biak Na Bato." Philippine History. Philippine-History.org, n.d. Web. 03 Sept. 2013. <http://www.philippine-history.org/biak-na-bato.htm>. This was a great source. It provided me with a basic understanding of what the Biak-NaBato pact was, who negotiated it, and how it worked. It was a great source, and its information was used in my Aftermath tab. - "Gomburza and the Propaganda Movement." Philippine History. Philippine-History.org, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2013. <http://www.philippine-history.org/gomburza.htm>. This site helped me understand who exactly Gomburza were. This site also covered how Gomburza impacted and inspired many people, including the Propaganda Movement and Jose Rizal. This website also covered the formation of the Propaganda Movement, and the reforms that they wanted in the Spanish government. I used the information about Gomburza in my Pre-Revolution tab and the information about the Propaganda Movement under my Revolution tabs. - "Jos Rizal." Britannica School. Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 16 Jul. 2013. <http://school.eb.co.uk/levels/advanced/article/63824>. This was an encyclopedia article on Jose Rizal, a prominent person in the revolution. At the time of doing my research here, I wanted to see and learn about the people involved in the Revolution. I knew a bit about Jose Rizal from a past project, but not too much. I learned a lot about Rizals background and writings. This was a good source. - "La Solidaridad & La Liga Filipina." Philippine History. Philippine-History.org, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. <http://www.philippine-history.org/la-solidaridad.htm>. This site included information about the La Solidaridad, a newspaper written by Filipino reformists. However, this website also included the failure of the Propaganda Movement, and what caused it to be unsuccessful. I felt that this information was important because the failure of the Propaganda Movement led to the beginning of the Katipunan revolting against the Spanish. I used this sources information under my Revolution tab. - "Philippine Independence from the Americans." Philippine History. Philippine-History.org, n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2013. <http://www.philippine-history.org/independence-fromamericans.htm>.

This source provided me with information on how the Philippines ultimately became an independent nation through the Treaty of Manila. I got information on how events between the U.S. at the time ultimately gave the Philippines the independence they wanted. This was a great source and I used its information under my Aftermath tab. - "Philippine History -- La Solidaridad." Filipino.biz.ph - Philippine Culture. Filipino.biz.ph, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2013. <http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/solidaridad.html> This provided me with a basic overview of the La Solidaridad, a newspaper written by those who did not like the Spanish Government. This site also included the editorial of the first issue of the newspaper, which was excellent as I got to see exactly what the newspaper said. This was a great source. - "Spanish Expeditions to the Philippines." Philippine History. Philippine-History.org, n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2013. <http://www.philippine-history.org/spanish-expeditions.htm>. This site provided me with information of the Spanish just starting to come to the Philippines. It explained how there were several expeditions to the Philippines by European explorers. This source was very informative. I used its information in my PreRevolution tab. - "The Cry of Pugadlawin." Philippine History. Philippine-History.org, n.d. Web. 02 Sep. 2013. <http://www.philippine-history.org/cry-of-pugadlawin.htm>. This was an overview of the historical, Cry of Pugad Lawin, said to be one of the major events in the Revolution. This also showed how Emilio Aguinaldo eventually became the new leader of the Katipunan, and covered a bit of the numerous battles after the Cry. This was a great source, and its information was used in my Revolution tabs. - "The Katipunan Finally Starts a Revolution." Philippine History. Philippine-History.org, n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.philippine-history.org/katipunan.htm>. This was an informative source about the Katipunan. Included how it was formed, how it recruited members, and how the group had more than just revolutionary goals (though, independence was their primary goal). This also provided me with a list of prominent and better known members, as well Jose Rizals relation to the group, and its discovery. I used its information, like the other, on the revolution tabs. This was a great source. - "The Philippine Revolution 1896-1898." Maasincity.com. Maasincity.com, n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://www.maasincity.com/phil-revolution.htm>. This was sort of a timeline of the revolution, starting at the revolution of 1896 to 1898, the same year when the U.S. took control over the Philippines and did not recognize its

new independent government. This was a great, informative source. I used its information throughout my Revolution and Aftermath tabs on my website. - "The Secularization of Priests During Spanish Period." Philippine History. Philippine-History.org, n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2013. <http://www.philippine-history.org/secularization-of-priests.htm>. This site provided me with info on one of the biggest problems that contributed to the Philippine Revolution- secularization of churches. From this website, I got clear info on exactly what it was and why it was such an issue. This was a great source. I used its information in my Pre-Revolution tab. Pictures: - Discovery Education. The City of Manila, in the Philippines IRC, 2005 . Image. Discovery Education. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. The city of Manila in the Philippines. Spanish explorers travelled to the islands in the 16th century, and eventually, the Spanish established a government in the Philippines. - Exec8. Pugad Lawin Monument in Quezon City, Philippines. 12 Oct. 2008. Photograph. Own Work. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pugad_Lawin_013.jpg> A photograph of the Cry of Pugad Lawin Monument, made to honor the historical event of the revolution, which is in Quezon City, Philippines. - Gonzales, Mike. Grave of Gomburza in Paco Park, Manila. 2012. Photograph. Own Work. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paco_Park_Gomburza.JPG> A photograph of the grave of Gomburza in Paco Park, Manila. The photograph was taken in 2012. - Kelley, Keith. The Cry of Pugad Lawin Shrine. 2012. Photograph. Own Work. Flickr. Web. 23 Nov. 2013 <http://www.flickr.com/photos/keithkelly/8382827776/> This was a photograph of the shrine built in honor of the Cry of Pugad Lawin, which took place in 1896. This event led to the beginning of numerous revolts surrounding the Philippine Revolution

- Nicocoloo. For the Love of Fatherland. 29 Sep. 2012. Photograph. Own Work. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Oct. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:For_the_Love_of_Fatherland.jpg> This is a photograph of a monument in Davao City, Philippines, of Andres Bonifacio, who formed the Katipunan to fight for Filipino rights. - Salapere, Lynyrd (en.wikipedia user). Filipino Illustrados Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, and Mariano Ponce. n.d. Photograph. wikipedia.org. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filipino_Ilustrados_Jose_Rizal_Marcelo_del_Pil ar_Mariano_Ponce.jpg> A photograph of three prominent members of the Propaganda Movement, Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, and Mariano Ponce. - Salapere, Lynyrd (en.wikipedia user). La Solidaridad. n.d. Photograph. comcemtrum.ph. Wikipedia. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:La-solidaridad2.jpg> A copy of one of the issues of the La Solidaridad, a newspaper which called for reforms in the Spanish government. - Unknown. Gomburza. n.d. Photograph. univie.ac.at. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gomburza.jpg> A picture of priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, known together as Gomburza. They were executed after a revolt in Cavite in 1872, as they were known for supporting the secularization of churches in the Philippines, which Spanish officials did not approve of.

- Unknown. Jose Rizal. n.d. Photograph. joserizal.ph. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 08 Sep. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jose_rizal_01.jpg> This is a picture of Jose Rizal, a well known person during the revolution. - Unknown. Katipunan Flag. n.d. Image. Unknown. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Oct. 2013 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philippine_revolution_flag_kkk1.png> The flag of the Katipunan, or the known as the KKK, which was a revolutionary group formed with aims of fighting for independence through force in 1892.

- Victoriano Jr., Danilio O. Katipunan Monument. n.d. Photograph. Own Work. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katipunan_Monument.JPG> A photograph of the Katipunan Monument in the city of Manila. The monument was built to honor those who fought against the Spanish government. - Yoder, Robert L. Camilo Polavieja. n.d. Photograph. joserizal.info. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 1 Jan 2014. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camilo_Polavieja.jpg> A photograph of Spanish Lieutenant General Don Camilo Polavieja.