ILA Journal

A Peer Reviewed Quarterly Journal Vol. 48 No.
2 (April-June 2012)
Contents
5 Innovative Approach to Librarian-Publishers Relationship in Academic Libraries DR. JESUDOSS MANALAN AND DR. L. PARISUTHARAJ JNV Libraries in Maharashtra: A Study KISHOR M. DHUMNE AND DR. SURESH H. GAWALI Reading Habits of Public Library Users in Erode Corporation, Tamilnadu: A Survey M.R. RAMESH Utilization of E-Learning Platforms by the Postgraduate Students of Kerala: An Analytical Study MAHJABEEN AYDEED AND VAHIDA BEEGAM T Directory of Open Access Journals, Health Science Nursing: A Bibliometric Study RAJEEV VASHISTHA AND MADAN LAL JAT ICT and Librarians: Surviving the Challenges of the Technological Developments SEEMA VASISHTA
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D R. JESUDOSS MANALAN AND D R. L. PARISUTHARAJ
INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION

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Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012
Journal of Indian Library Association
INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO LIBRARIAN-P UBLISHERS R ELATIONSHIP IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES
(OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION)

VOL. XLVIII
EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Editor :

Dr. Muttayya Koganuramath
University Librarian Sir Dorabji Tata Memorial Library Tata Institute of Social Sciences Mumbai - 400 088
APRIL-JUNE 2012 EDITORIAL
NO. 2
Members :
Prof. Jagtar Singh

Deptt. of Lib. & Inf. Sc. Punjabi University, Patiala Punjab) Email : kindu_jagtar@yahoo.co.in
Dr. A.R.D. Prasad
Professor DRTC, Indian Statistical Institute 8th Mile, Mysore Rd., Bangalore 560 059
In this era of fast ethnological advance and minimization of distance through the use of the Internet, every library professional is expected to possess the skills and techniques to use the technology to satisfy the information needs of their users. The job of a library professional is challenging today than any other time in the history. He should master the IT skills and find every possible way to satisfy his tech-savvy clientele. Today, all significant works of science, literature, arts are being preserved digitally and available free online. Open Access Initiatives, Digital Archives / Digital Libraries hosted by different institutes and agencies provide useful information with no cost. The library professional should explore all such options available on the Internet to serve the user community in a better way without straining the library budget. To update his IT skills, the library professional must keep a track on what is going on with the web. For this he has to consult a variety of different sources: websites, blogs, news, tweets. Regular reading is very important for the library professional. Though it is not really possible to keep up with everything, the library professional can at least follow the recent trends in Information Technology by visiting some useful sites like, CNET Technology News, Mashable: The Social Media Guide, Readwrite Web, Tech Crunch etc In this issue, there are some research papers that deal with the topics relevant to the issues discussed above viz., 'Utilization of E-Learning Platforms by the Postgraduate Students of Kerala: An Analytical Study', Directory of Open Access Journals, Health Science- Nursing: A Bibliometric Study', 'Scholarly Open Access Resources and Services on the Web' and 'Innovative Approach to Librarian-Publishers Relationship in Academic Libraries. These research papers provide useful information about the Open Access resources and services on the Internet. We, the library professionals always strive hard to serve our user community despite our never ending problems with increasing budgetary cuts, fluctuating foreign exchange rates, unclear book acquisition policies etc. Good Offices Committee (GOC) is doing its best to establish uniform terms of book supplies to libraries, and to ensure a fair working margin to booksellers and an efficient service to the libraries. As we are aware, GOC has been in existence for more than 30 years and most of the college and university libraries all over the country are following the conversion rates and the terms of book supply framed by this committee. But, unfortunately, some educational institutes are trying to do away with the GOC terms. They are forcing the library managers to call for tenders and quotations to purchase books though the Ministry of Finance, GOI, vide its O.M. NO. F. 23(7). EII (A)/83 Dated 7.2.1984 made changes in the GENERAL FINANCIAL RULES which dispense with the necessity of calling for tenders or quotations in respect of purchase of books, periodicals. These are the burning issues of the profession and need to be addressed at proper platform at the national level. With warm regards, Dr. Muttayya Koganuramath Chief Editor
Prof. Sabahat Hussain

Deptt. of Lib. & Inf. Sc. Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh
Prof. (Mrs) Ashu Shokeen

Deptt. of Lib. & Inf. Sc. Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra (Harayana)
Dr. Ramesha
Associate Professor Dept. of Library & Inf. Sc. Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi Campus BANGALORE - 560 056 E-mail: bbramesha@gmail.com
Send Papers & Advertisements to : General Secretary, Indian Library Association, A40-41, Flat No. 201, Ansal Building, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi - 9 Tele-fax : 011- 27651743, e-mail : ilanet1@nda.vsnl.net.in Printed at : Om Laser Printers, Delhi - 9
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
57th All India Library Conference Proceedings on Knowledge Society : Innovations in Librarianship (ILAKSIL 2012), Edited by Dr B. Ramesha, Sh Sanjeev Dutt Sharma, Dr O.N. Chaubey, Dr N.S. Shokeen, Dr B.K. Vishala, Dr Anuradha Gupta, Rs 3000/-, US $ 175. 56th All India Library Conference Proceedings on Public Libraries of Future : Opportunities & Challenges Sonepat, July 21-23, 2011, Edited by Dr. O.N. Chaubey, Sh Sanjeev Dutt Sharma, Dr N.S. Shokeen, Sh B.P. Chauhan, Sh P.K. Choudhary, Rs 1500/-, US $ 75. 55th All India Library Conference Proceedings on Library & Information Science in the Digital Era Greater Noida, January 21-24, 2010, Edited by Sh D.V. Singh, Dr (Mrs) R Chandra, Dr O.N. Chaubey, Dr B. Ramesha, Dr N.S. Shokeen, Dr Maliknath Kumbar, Dr Rishi Tiwari, Sh Sanjeev Dutt Sharma, Rs 2000/-, US $ 150. 54th All India Library Conference TISS 2008 on Role of Libraries and Information Centres Mumbai, November 12-15, 2008 , Edited by Dr Muttayya Koganuramath, Dr (Mrs) R Chandra, Dr Sangayya Sirurmath, Dr Mallikarjun Angadi, Dr Satish Kanamadi, Dr N.S. Shokeen, Mr Puttaraj C. Rs 1600/-, US $ 100. 53rd All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Developing Library and Information Resources and Services in the Internet Era" Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, December 13-16, 2007, Edited By Prof. Jagtar Singh, Shri D. V. Singh, Dr. N. S. Shokeen, Dr. (Mrs) R. Chandra, Dr. Trishanjit Kaur, Dr. O. N. Chaubey, Nirmal K. Swain, Rs. 1000/- (Hardbound); US $ 100. 52nd All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on Information Commons : Impact on and Implications for Libraries and Information Centres Srinagar, Uttaranchal, December 26-29, 2006, Edited By Dr. AL Moorthy, Shri D.V. Singh, Dr. (Mrs) R. Chandra, Shri Manoj Kumar, Dr. S.K. Sharma, Shri V. Srinivasulu, Rs. 1000/- (Uttaranchal); US $ 100. 51st All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on Libraries, Information Literacy and Lifelong Learning, Kurukshetra December 16-18, 2005, Edited By Dr. (Mrs) R. Chandra, Shri N.K. Bar, Dr. M. Madhusudhan, Ms. Meera, Shri Krishan Gopal, Shri D.V. Singh Rs. 1000/- (Hardbound); US $ 100. 50th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Knowledge Organization in Digital Enviroment in Libraries (KODEL): Introspects and Prospects". Vadodara (Gujarat), December 1-4, 2004. Edited by Dr (Mrs.) Ashu Shokeen, Dr M. Madhusudan and D V Singh. Rs. 1000/- (Hardbound); US $ 100. 49th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Responding to Users' Need in Changing Information Landscapes: Sojourn of Libraries from PalmLeaf to Palm-Top". Jhansi (UP), December 29, 2003 to January 1, 2004. Edited by Prof (Dr) N Laxman Rao, Dr (Mrs.) Ashu Shokeen, Dr U C Sharma, D V Singh and Dr R K Bhatt. Rs. 800/- (Hardbound); US $ 100. 48th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Electronic Information Environment and Library Services: A Contemporary Paradigm". Bangalore, January 22-25, 2003. Edited by Dr Pandey S K Sharma, Akhtar Parvez, Dr (Mrs) Ashu Shokeen and D V Singh. Rs. 1000/- (Hardbound); US $ 100. 47th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Library Practices for Effective Management". Warangal, December 20-23, 2001. Edited by Kalpana Das Gupta. Rs. 995/- (Paperback); US $ 99.50. 46th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Quest for Quality: Quality Assurance in Library and Information Services: The Need of the Hour for Survival". Ahmedabad, Jan 3-6, 2001. Edited by S M Dhawan. Rs. 995/- (Paperback); US $ 99.50. 45th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Indian Libraries and Librarianship in Retrospect and Prospect". Edited by J L Sardana. Rs. 760/(Paperback); US $ 75 & Rs. 950/- (Hardbound); US $110. National Seminar on "Challenges before the University Libraries in India in the 21st Century". M S University of Baroda. August 9-12, 1999. Edited by J L Sardana. Rs. 700/-; US $ 70. 44th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Libraries and Information Services in the Electronics Information Era". Hyderabad, February 25-28, 1999. Edited by J L Sardana. Rs. 700/-; US $ 70. 43rd All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Sustainable Library and Information Services". Chandigarh, November 5-8, 1997. Edited by T A V Murthy, N Datta and R P Kumar. Rs. 650/-; US $ 65. 42nd All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Role of Libraries in National Development". Calicut, December 21-24, 1996. Edited by R P Kumar, Divya Srivastava and S P Gupta. Rs 650/-; US $ 65. 41st All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Human Relations is Librarianship". Vijayawada, January 7-10, 1996. Edited by P S G Kumar and C P Vashishth. Rs 600/-; US $ 60. 40th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Preparing Libraries for the 21st Century". Goa. January 5-8, 1995. Edited by C V Subbarao. Rs. 600/-; US $ 60. 39th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Library Movement and Library Development in India". 1994. Edited by C P Vashishth. Rs. 600/-; US $ 60. 38th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Library and Information Technology: In Pursuit of Excellence". Bhubaneswar, November 2124,1992. Edited by C P Vashishth, O P Sharma, A P Gakhar, and Dr Dev Raj Singh. Rs. 500/-; US $ 55. Model Public Libraries Act 1991. Rs 100/-; US $ 20. 37th All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "National Information Policies and Perspective". 1991. Edited by K S Raghvan. Rs. 400/-; US $ 50. 36th All India Conference Seminar Papers on "Computerization and Library Network". Edited by C P Vashishth. 1990. Rs. 400/-; US $ 50. 35th All India Conference Seminar Papers on "Standardisation in Library and Information Work and Services". Edited by C P Vashishth. Rs. 400/-; US $50. College Libraries in India: Proceedings of National Seminar. Edited by Krishan Kumar and J K Anand. 1988. Rs. 250/-; US $ 40. 33rd All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Modernisation in Libraries". 1988. Edited by C P Vashishth. Rs. 500/-; US $ 50. Year's Work in Indian Librarianship 1987. Written and Edited by T S Rajagopalan. 1988. Rs 250/-; US $40. 32nd All India Library Conference Seminar Papers on "Quality in Libraries". Anantpur, January 3-6,1987, Edited by C P Vashishth. Rs. 400/-; US $40. Continuing Education for Librarian. Paper for the All India Seminar held on February 12, 1984 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. Edited by J L Sardana. Rs. 200/-; US $ 40. 28th All India Library Conference Seminar on "Public Libraries in a Developing Society" and "Planning for National Information System for India". 1982. Edited by J L Sardana, Mohinder Singh, O P Trikha, N N Mohanty. Rs. 200/-; US $ 40. Proceeding of the XXVI All-India Conference held at New Delhi from March 6-9, 1980, Edited by Krishan Kumar & C P Vashisth. Rs 200/-; US $ 40. Proceedings of the XV All-India Library conference held at Mysore from June 17-19, 1965 Rs 200/-; US $ 40. Indian Library Association Bulletin, Quarterly. Annual subscription. Rs 750/-; US $ 55.
The rate of discount applicable on the above publications would be as follows (i) Personal Members (ordinary, life and library associations): 20%; (ii) Institutional Members: 10%; iii) Publications which have been published before 2000 would be available at a discounted rate of 40%, from the office of the Indian Library Association A/40-41, Flat No 201, Ansal Building, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-110 009 (India). Telefax No. 011-27651743. Cheques/DD should be drawn in favour of Indian Library Association, payable at Delhi.
JOURNAL OF INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 2012, 48(2) 5-8
Innovative Approach to Librarian-Publishers Relationship in Academic Libraries

DR. JESUDOSS MANALAN College Librarian (S.G.), Bishop Heber College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli- 620 017, INDIA jesudossmanalan@gmail.com and DR. L. PARISUTHARAJ Librarian, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli -620 015, INDIA parisutharajl@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT This paper explains the purpose of tracing the possible Librarians-Publishers liaison in an academic library environment to build partnership for mutual understanding and benefits. It highlights the impact of Librarians-Publishers relationship and suggests possible measures in successful functioning of the academic libraries with a Librarians-Publishers work flow model. Keywords: Library Liaison, Librarians-Publishers Relationship INTRODUCTION Librarianship is a profession that thrives on collaboration. Librarians are constantly connecting and co-operating with others with a collaborative spirit that permeates the profession1. The success of liaison in an academic library depends on how well the librarian maintains relationship with faculty, students, authorities, fellow librarians, publishers and book vendors. The Librarians are also in a dire need of having a well developed and highly trusted relationship with the publishers and Book-Vendors to fulfill the core activity of the Library, i.e. the collection development. Since the strength of any Library is judged by its collection, librarians need to take utmost care in the selection of books and other documents that are to be added to the Library. THE NEED FOR BETTER RELATIONSHIP WITH PUBLISHERS/BOOK VENDORS Publishers, book vendors and librarians are working partners. Mission of producing, certifying, collecting, disseminating and preserving the scholarly output of the research communities are the joint responsibility of the publishers and the librarians. Publishers need the assistance of the library community: the convergence between the strategic partners, in increasing the intersection of librarianship and publishing. For creating scholarly publications and marketing strategies, the publishers spend much of their time in sharing and working Librarians. Sharing the idea and experiences between the librarians and publishers may lead to a mutual beneficial idea of collaboration leading to productivity. In an academic Library environment, important liaison activities take place in matters related to new titles/ forthcoming titles, where tools like publishers catalogues, web catalogues and book reviews, are brought to the knowledge of Librarian and through the discussions that take place among the Librarians, publishers and subject experts at National and International book exhibition, fairs and festivals on the following situations;

Asking for proforma invoice / Bill for the books procured, Asking for Price Proof / Publishers catalogue /Principal invoice, Conversion Rates/clarifications on Good offices committee related matters Claim for the institutional discount that is allowed, Bills-Clarification / modification in the bills raised, Status of payment / payment clarifications, Claim for Non-receipt of Journals, Claim for replacement of defective copies of books/journals, Clarification about the latest edition, remainder copies etc., Asking for the status of the orders already placed with the publisher /vendor. In the new collaborative environment, all the major publishers collaborate with Librarians through their websites wherein an exclusive menu is provided to know more about their products, policies and services besides FAQ. For instance, News letter like Elseviers Library Connect (http://libraryconnect.elsevier.com/ lcn/ 0504/lcn050404.html) provides venues for exchange of ideas with the library professionals. It also enables librarians to learn about a variety of pertinent topics. It has also allowed them to learn about trends in worldwide information production, as well as how academic libraries are responding. The Information exchange has led to a better understanding of the challenges faced by both parties. It has created a useful conduit for discussion, collaboration and builds stronger relationship. Such interaction influences the level of respect, accountability, and cooperation. Also they share the awareness of individuality and mutual goals which would make them more successful at fostering, beneficial partnership. TYPES OF RELATIONSHIP WITH PUBLISHERS The relationship between the librarians and publishers are multi-faced with three broad dimensions the commercial relationships, the legal relationships, and the collaborative relationship3. The legal relationships touch the most important area of law, pertaining to the relationship between the libraries and publishers as copyright law. In collaborative relationship, libraries and publishers continue to collaborate in a number of areas, and those collaborative efforts continue to be very productive. Libraries and publishers have also worked together with paper manufacturers, the micro film industry, the information technology industry and others to develop standards, implement process and define software requirements that serve to benefit the libraries and publishers alike. The collaborative development of the ISBN, ISSN and ISMN are the kinds of success that can be achieved and the accompanying benefits as well. Dublin core and development of standards for metadata are also the areas of success in collaboration with both the sectors. Similarly, programs initiated by libraries to support bibliographical control-such as C ataloguing In Publication (CIP) have enlisted the cooperation of publishers and have had significant benefits for both sectors.
With the latest electronic gadgets, the librarians get opportunities to interact with the publishers in the areas like e-publishing, online products, digital world, digital repositories, and subjects like copyright, licensing, users right, dynamic databases, aggregators, archiving and preservation 3. LIBRARIAN VS BOOK PUBLISHERS /VENDORS: Over the years, publishers and librarians have found themselves involved in somewhat contentious relationships with librarians sometimes looking at the publishers as adversaries 2 . The factors relating to commercial, legal and collaboration issues affect the librarians and publishers both collectively and individually in facing significant economic pressures and impact of technological change. There are issues emerging from inter-relationships that need to be resolved so that librarians can move forward to achieve their goals. The transitions that they have to make are not easy. And their objectives are not always mutually compatible. It is expected that they would continue to operate in close relation to one another through constructive dialogue and collaborative efforts.
INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO LIBRARIAN-P UBLISHERS R ELATIONSHIP IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

5. Liaison flow with Publishers/Book Vendors: The following diagram represents the work flow model in having Liaison with Publishers/Vendors 4. account may result in the failure of a small organization having limited reserves4. Many Librarians seem to think they deserve a lot of favors from Publishers/vendors; this could be avoided in adding more values to the library profession.
CONCLUSION Librarians and publishers are twirling around each other getting closer as the world is turning faster around us. The two professionals should try to explore new ways of collaboration: more as Public-private partnerships and not only based on a commercial relationship (of sellers and buyers), but on a mutual interest to serve the readers. It is a strong conviction that together, libraries and publishers, they can provide an excellent service to the people. Time and again, publishers and librarians are thrown into each others arms: to work together with proven skills and proven commitment5. REFERENCES 1. Singer Gordan R. (2006). The NextGen Librarian Survival Guide. Medford, N.J. : Information Today. Inc. Mullen, L. B. (2009). Publishers and Librarians: New Dialogues in Challenging Times. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, 56, Winter. Retrieved from http://www.istl.org/09-winter/viewpoint.html. Scott, M. (1998). Library-Publisher Relations in the Next Millennium: The Library Perspective. In 64 th IFLA General Conference Proceedings, August 16-21, Amsterdam. Retrieved from http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla64/ ms90-3-e.htm. Goehner, D. (1990). Vendor Library relations : The ethics of working with vendors. In K.A. Schmidt (Ed.), Understanding the Business of Library Acquisitions (137-151), Chicago : ALA. Spruijt, H. P. (2009). Digital Library Futures: Pressures on the Publisher-librarian Relation in the Era of Digital Change. In Proceedings of the IFLA Conference Digital Library Futures, Italy, 25 August 1-8. The Hague: IFLA
Fig. 1 Work Flow Model BENEFITS The changing Publisher-Librarian relationship creates opportunities to discuss the inter twined future of both libraries and the scholarly publishing business. The rapport between Librarian and publisher/ book vendor is too essential, which brings the two categories professionally in achieving the common goal. Librarian and vendors both benefit from productive long-term reciprocal relationship
2.
3.
SUGGESTIONS 1. Seminars/Conferences could be organized on the theme Librarians and Publishers- a partnership for the benefit of both the community. Library schools shall have a separate course to teach students much about publishing world, the acquisition process or how to be a good customer. They could also be taught about how a book vendor operates which can enable them to inherit good business relationship. Librarians could avoid delays in payment to small book vendors who may already have a cash flow problem. Carrying long overdue
4.
2.
5.
3.

6. Loarer, P. L. and Jean-michel, S. (2002) Librarians Working with Publishers on E-book Provision. Liber Quarterly, 12, 219-227. GawneMark, D., & Nichols, S. (2009). A Study on How to Foster Mutually-Beneficial Librarian-vendor Partnerships. AALL Spectrum, 13(4), 24-27. Gyeszly, S. (2008). Advanced Collection Development Project in Partnership with a Vendor. Collection Building, 27(2), 56-62. McMurrer, N. (2003). Working Together: Academic Law Librarians and CALR Vendors. Law Library Journal , 95(4), 569-571. 10. Carpenter, E.J.(1998). Is the Partnership Working? Evaluating the Approval Plan Vendor. Library Acquisitions Practice & Theory, 22(3), 329-333. Thompson, J. C. (1977). Booksellers and the Acquisition Librarian: A Two-way Relationship. Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory, 1(3), 187-191. Saur Mult Klaus G (2003), Library and Publishers a partnership?, World Library and Information Congress : 68 th IFLA General Conference and Council, Berlin (1-5). Matthew, N. (1997). Vendors and Academic Libraries: Development and Change, Asian Libraries, 6(3/4), 237.
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INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO LIBRARIAN-P UBLISHERS R ELATIONSHIP IN A CADEMIC IBRARIES JOURNAL OF INDIAN LL IBRARY ASSOCIATION 2012, 48(2) 9-12
JNV Libraries in Maharashtra: A Study

KISHOR M. DHUMNE Astt. Librarian Priyadarshini Institute of Engg. & Tech., Nagpur kishor.dhumne3108@gmail.com DR. SURESH H. GAWALI Librarian Jankidevi Bajaj College of Science, Wardha shgawali@yahoo.co.in
ABSTRACT The National Policy on Education 1986 envisaged establishment of a Navoday Vidyalay in each District of the country. First established in 1985, they are the brain child of P.V Narasimha Rao. The Navoday Vidyalay Samiti is an Autonomous Organization under the Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India, which has been set up to establish and manage co-educational, residential school covering classes VI to XII known as Jawahar Navoday Vidyalayas. The Vidyalay has all infrastructure facilities like academic block, well-equipped laboratories and large library hall with more than 8,000 books and references. Library is an essential part of any institution in particular to one imparting education. In modern times the new concepts in every field are emerging at a rapid pace and to remain updated with the latest development utility of a good modern well equipped library is in focus to provide books on various subjects to gain the required in depth knowledge which in turn act as proper tool in learning-teaching process. Eight Regional Offices have been established at Bhopal, Chandigarh, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Patna, Pune & Shillong with jurisdiction over different States and UTs. Keywords: Introduction to JNV, Ratio of Student to Books, Growth of JP & NP.
INTRODUCTION The Navoday Vidyalay Samiti is an Autonomous Organization under the Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India, which has been set up to establish & manage co-educational, residential school covering classes VI to XII known as Jawahar Navoday Vidyalayas. The National Policy on Education 1986 envisaged establishment of a Navoday Vidyalay in each District of the country. The first two schools were started in 1985-86 on experimental basis. The number of schools has now grown to 550 spread over 34 States and Union Territories. Out of these, every school are functional.
These schools have over 1.58 Lakhs students on rolls. Navoday Vidyalayas are fully residential and co-educational schools covering classes VI to XII. Education in the Vidyalayas is free for all enrolled students including lodging, boarding, text books, uniforms etc. The Vidyalayas seek to promote and develop talented, bright and gifted children predominantly from rural areas who may otherwise be denied good educational opportunities. Eight Regional Offices have been established at Bhopal, Chandigarh, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Patna, Pune & Shillong with jurisdiction over different States and UTs. 1
K ISHOR M. DHUMNE AND D R. SURESH H. GAWALI

NEED FOR THE STUDY In India Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay was started 24 years, ago. During this period it has passed through different phases. But so far, no up-to-date study is available about the growth and development of Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay libraries. From the overview of the sufficient reading material it has been observed that the Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay libraries are facing financial constraints in carrying out activities and services. So far no detailed study has been undertaken to find the school libraries standard and its impact on the JNV libraries. Some studies simply identify the sufficient reading material. Hence, the topic of research, development and infrastructural facility has its own importance. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. 2. 3. 4. To study the status of the Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay Libraries. To highlight the services and system of Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay Libraries in Maharashtra. To identify the activities in Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay Libraries. To serve, in each District, as focal point for improvement of quality school Libraries. ANALYSIS OF DATA Table 1 - Sample Design (Region wise) Sr. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Name of Region Amravati Aurangabad Kokan Nagpur Nashik Pune Total No. of District 05 08 06 06 05 05 35 No. of JNV No. of Libraries Sample 05 07 04 05 06 05 32 05 04 04 04 03 04 24
Library Access System It is observed from table 2 that all the 24 Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay libraries in Maharashtra under study has open access system. Hence the open access is 100%. No library is having close access system. As per the Bureau of Indian Standard, the library members should have open access to system. Table 2 - Library Access System Sr. No. 1. 2. Access System Open Access Close Access No. of Libraries 24 % 100
HYPOTHESIS 1. 2. Sufficient Reading Material is available in the libraries of Jawahar Navoday Vidyalayas. Sufficient and adequate services are provided to the users efficiently.
Ratio of Students to Books In table 3 the ratio of students to books has been calculated from the collected data, which shows upward trend. Table 3 - Ratio of Students to Books Year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 No of Student 10518 10579 10578 10881 10982 No. of Books 127365 138879 147882 154635 187238 Ratio 1:12 1:13 1:13 1:14 1:17
PERIOD OF STUDY This study covers the period of five years, i.e. from 2004-05 to 2008-2009. SAMPLE OF THE STUDY All the 32 Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay Libraries are covered under the study. The region-wise break up has been shown in the table no. 1.1 including all the Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay Libraries. Out of 32 Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay Libraries, only 24 libraries have furnished the data. Hence 24 Libraries have been covered in this study in a way, the sample is census type.
10
JNV LIBRARIES IN MAHARASHTRA : A STUDY

During the year 2004-05 the ratio of student to books comes to 1:12. During the year 2005-06 the ratio of student to books comes to 1:13. During the year 2006-07 the ratio of student to books comes to 1:13. During the year 2007-08 the ratio of student to books comes to 1:14. During the year 2008-09 the ratio of student to books comes to 1:17. As per the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS), the collection of the library books required per student should have at least 5 titles in its stack. Along with minimum of 1500 books at the beginning. It should be continuously strengthened. Collection of Journals / Periodicals & News Papers (year wise): Table 4 - Year Wise Growth Collection of Journals / Periodicals &News Papers Year No. of J/P & NP 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 702 789 914 1046 1128 Growth 87 212 344 426 Percents Library Staff No supporting staff has been provided for library working. Only one full time librarian has been provided in each JNV library in Maharashtra under study. As per the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) The following library staff is recommended for different levels of schools having strength of 2000 or less: a) For Secondary School, the library staff should consist of Librarian (TGT grade)- One Assistant Librarian (Assistant Teacher Grade)- One Library Attendant- One b) Senior Secondary School: The Library Staff of a Senior Secondary School should consist of: Senior Librarian (PGT Grade)- One Librarian (TGT Grade)- One Assistant Librarian (Assistant Teacher Grade)- One Library Attendant- One In case the number of students in a school crosses 2000, there should be a provision to appoint an additional Library Attendant for every 500 students or part thereof. Services Provided by JNV Library A Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay library under study provides library services as mentioned in table 5. TABLE 5 - Services Provided by Library Sr. No Library Services i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. Circulation Reference Service Paper Clipping Physically Challenged users Service Display of New Arrival Student Entertainments No. of Percents Libraries 24 24 24 24 24 20 100 100 100 100 100 83.33 83.33
12.39 30.19 49.00 60.68
It has been observed from the above table that collection of J / P and NP shows up ward growth. During the year 2004-05 it was 702 and it has grown to 789 in the 2005-06 (i.e. 12.39%). It becomes 914 in the year 2006-07 (i.e. 30.19%). where as it has grown to 1046 in the year 2007-08 (i.e. 49%) and in the year 2008-09 the collection was equal to1128(i.e. 60.68%). It shows that in the span of 5 years the overall growth in the number of J/P & NP was 60.68%. As per the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS), the minimum requirement of J/P & NP collection of the library should be 25 Journals and Periodicals (J/P) & 5 daily news papers (NP) suitable for students and academic recreational needs of teachers should be subscribed to.
Adult Education Services 20
11
K ISHOR M. DHUMNE AND D R. SURESH H. GAWALI

It is observed from the table that the services provided by 24 Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay libraries such as. (i) Circulation, (ii) Reference service, (iii) Paper clipping, (iv) Physical challenged user service and (v) Display of new arrival are provided by 20. Adult education service and Student entertainment 20 JNV libraries under study. Hence the percentage comes to 83.33. As per the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS)- The following services is provided by the JNV libraries- A school library is a service library. A Library even with a small collection can provide good library services provided all its resources are organized using modern techniques. 1) Issue and Return: Circulation, 2) Browne System-In Browne System the members are given Readers Ticket(s) having a pouch to enable them to borrow books from the library, 3) Late Fine, 4) Conscience Box, 5) Recall of Overdue Books. 6) Conscience Box, 7) Initiation/Orientation Service, 8) Reference Service, 9) Current Awareness Service (CAS), 10) New Books Display, 11) Topical Sequence, 12) Press Clipping Service, 13) Graded Reading List, 14) Bibliographical Service, 15) Inter-Library Loan Service, 16) Reprographic Services. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION It is observed from table 2 that all the 24 Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay libraries in Maharashtra under study has open access system. Hence the open access is 100%. No library is having close access system. In table 3 the ratio of students to books has been calculated from the collected data, which shows upward trend. In table 4 it shows that in the span of 5 years the overall growth in the number of J/P & NP was 60.68%. In table 5 that the services provided by 24 Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay libraries such as. (i) Circulation, (ii) Reference service, (iii) Paper clipping, (iv) Physical challenged user service and (v) Display of new arrival are provided by 20. Adult education service and Student entertainment 20 JNV libraries under study. Hence the percentage comes to 83.33. No supporting staff has been provided for library working. Only one full time librarian has been provided in each JNV library in Maharashtra under study and None of the JNV librarian holds higher Qualified (PhD / M.Phil) in library science. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Rao, P. V. Narsimnha. Schools of hope. Business Today, March 04, 1994 Uttar Pradesh steps closer to a split up. The Wall Street Journal, 2011. Muthukumaran, S. Uniform Education for all School. Chennai, 2007. Hitavada News Paper Article. Newly Open the 31 Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay. Sept 9, 2010. www.navoday.nic.in. www.navodaya.net www.bis.org.in .
12
JNV LIBRARIES IN MAHARASHTRA : A STUDY
Reading Habits of Public Library Users in Erode Corporation, Tamilnadu: A Survey

M.R. RAMESH Scientific Assistant, Scientific Information Resource Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam-603102 gascramesh@gmail.com and mr_ramesh49@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT The paper explores the result of a study based on public libraries in Erode Corporation, Tamilnadu. Totally 200 readers were surveyed with the help of a structured questionnaire to know if the public library users of Erode Corporation, Tamilnadu have the habit of reading or not. The results of this study which aimed to find out the reasons for reading books and how the electronic media like TV, CDs and DVDs have influenced reading habits of people has enabled us to reveal some interesting findings given in results and discussions part of this paper. The findings are worth for sharing with the LIS professionals. Keywords: Public library, user study, reading habits, Tamilnadu
INTRODUCTION Books reading are an art. It is a pleasure to read books. Books are friends and companions. Reading helps us to de-stress ourselves. It is an aid for relaxation. It enriches our knowledge, improves our vocabulary. It helps to think and create new knowledge. Person who reads most can speak more and can be an interesting conversationalist. When TV became popular in Indian households most of us thought that it is the end of the print media and people are going to read less and less. But after conducting this study, the author found that books are still most preferred medium for update knowledge and pleasure. People still find books more convenient to read, as they are portable and need minimum reading aids. We also found that friends, teachers and the parents have a great influence on readers by introducing them to books. Reading is possible only when people are literate. We can instill reading habits only if illiteracy is eradicated. Public libraries can be effective agencies of promoting reading habits among the literate public. Public libraries are the hub of reading of books, journals, newspapers and magazines by the public. They are the most suitable places to carry out studies of this kind.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. 2. 3. To examine the working pattern of the public libraries under study To assess the reading habits of public library users To find out the reasons for reading books, which are the languages user prefer for reading and who are their favorite authors Finally to examine the influence of electronic media on the reading habits of public library users
4.
HYPOTHESES 1. 2. With the emergence of electronic media the reading habits of people are winding People find it difficult to access all books, so they prefer to visit the nearest public library to read books Whatever the different types of reading materials that have emerged over the years, books have always ruled reading There is no relation between reading and the electronic media
3.
4.
13
M.R. RAMESH
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY Only public users of rural and district level public libraries of Erode Corporation, Tamilnadu were considered for the study. Only 200 active readers are covered on day to day basis for a period of two months. Users of all age groups visiting the public libraries are surveyed. METHODOLOGY The methodology used for his study is questionnaire method. The investigator personally distributed the questionnaire and collected the responses on the spot. This facilitated in having hundred percent responses. Some questions were open-ended and some were choice questions. ANALYSIS, DISCUSSION INTERPRETATION AND The data regarding the sex wise break up of public library users is shown in Table 2. It may be seen from the table that most of the user are male users representing 79% and only 21% of them are female users. Table 2 - Sex wise distribution of Respondents S. No. 1 2 Sex Male Female Total No. of users 150 50 200 % 75 25 100
Educational Qualification of the Respondents The data regarding the qualification wise break up of users is presented in Table 3. It can be interpreted form the table that the maximum users in this category are mainly bachelor degree holders 50%, master degree holders scoring 19.5% from the next highest group followed by those who have below SSS scoring 1.5% Table 3 - Educational qualification of the respondents S. No. Qualification No. of Responses 1 2 3 4 5 SSC ITI/Diploma Intermediate Degree Professional Degree Master degree Not answered Total 3 16 10 100 10 39 2 200 % 1.50 8.00 5.00 50.00 5.00 19.50 1.00 100
The result s of the study is grouped in to four sections as shown below: General Information Age-wise Distribution Respondents It may be observed from the Table 1 that majority of the public library users are between 16-25 years age group representing 47.50% of the total users. The second highest majority of the public library users are in 26-35 years age group scoring 24.50%, 36-45 years age group of users make 16%, 46-55 years age group users make 7% and above 55 years age group from the least in number representing 5% each. Table 1 Age-wise Distribution of Respondents S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Age 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56 and above Total No. of the response 95 49 32 14 10 200 % 47.50 24.50 16.00 07.00 05.00 100.00
6 7
Different Users Groups of Respondents The different users group of the public library is shown in Table 4. It may be observed from the table that 90%
Sex-wise Distribution of Respondents
14
R EADING HABITS OF PUBLIC LIBRARY USERS IN E RODE CORPORATION, TAMILNADU : A SURVEY

of the users mainly students. About 15.5% of them are officers and professionals, business community score 11% and others are 28.5%. Table 4. Status of public library users S. No. Status No. of Responses 90 31 22 57 200 % of visit the frequency of library visit. This gives a time period of interaction of users with the library also. Visit to the neighborhood public library It is observed from the responses given in Table 6 that majority of the users visit neighborhood library representing 90% and other 10% do not visit their neighborhood library.
1 2 3 4
Students Officers / Professionals Business Others Total
45.00 15.50 11.00 28.50 100 Table 6 - Visit to neighborhood public library S. No. Response Type 1 2 Yes No Total Purpose of visit to public library The data regarding the purpose of visits to the public library users is shown in Table 7. Majority of users visits the library for reading and followed by update the general knowledge and for entertainment. Table 7. Purpose of visit to public library S. No. Purpose of Visit 1 2 3 Reading General knowledge Entertainment Others No. of Responses 150 114 60 36 % No. of Responses 180 20 200 %
90 0 100
Mother Tongue of Respondents The data regarding the mother tongue of the public library users is presented in Table 5. Majority of the respondents are belonging to Tamil language. Table 5 - Mother tongue of public library users S. No. Language No. of Responses 185 9 5 1 200 %
1 2 3 4
Tamil Malayalam Telugu English Total
92.5 4.50 2.50 0.50 100
75 57 30 18
Effective use of Library Facilities and Services This section gives brief overview on effective use of library facilities and services such as, the number of users visiting the neighborhood public library, purpose
Frequency of Visit to Library The breakup of frequency of library users by the public library users is as shown in Table 8. Majority of the respondents (39.5%) respondents visits the library occasionally followed by every day.
15
M.R. RAMESH
Table 8 - Frequency of library visit by the public library users S. No. Frequency of Visit 1 2 3 4 5 Everyday Once in two days Twice in a week Once in a week Occasionally Total No. of Responses 51 28 14 28 79 200 % Table 10. Reading of different kind of material by the public library users S. No. Type of Material Reading 1 2 3 4 5 6 100 7 Magazines Newspapers No. of Responses 126 50 % 63 75 46 32.5 9 14 9.5
25.5 14.0 7.0 14.0 39.5
General knowledge books 92 Fiction Biographies Religious books Others 65 18 28 19
E-READING HABITS OF RESPONDENTS This section deals with e-reading habits of users i.e. number of hours spent at home, preference of reading materials, their favorite authors etc. Time spent for e-reading everyday by the public library users The amount of time spent in reading at home every day by the public library users is shown in Table 9. Table 9 - Time spent for e-reading everyday by the public library users S. No. Time Spent 1 2 3 4 an hour 1 hour 2 hours More than 2 hours Total No. of Responses 26 70 40 64 200 % 13 35 20 32 4 100 5 6 Electronic Media and Reading Habits This section presents the analysis of impact of electronic media and reading habits of public library users. Advantage of using the electronic source over books The responses of public library users of using electronic format in comparison with printed format user are shown in Table 11. Table 11 - Advantage of using the electronic Source over books S. No. Type of Responses 1 2 3 Print media is better No. of Responses 26 % 26 (134) 22.39(134) 13.43(134) 21.64(134) 11.20(134) 11.94(134)
Electronic source is better 30 Electronic source is faster and easy search Electronic source is time saving 18 29
Reading of different kind of materials by the public library users A brief list of various types of reading material preferred by public library users is shown in Table 10.
Electronic source contains 15 more information Not compared 16
Use of CDs by the Public Library Users
16
R EADING HABITS OF PUBLIC LIBRARY USERS IN E RODE CORPORATION, TAMILNADU : A SURVEY

It was observed from Table 12 that majority of the users use music CDs representing 62% and only 24% of the user community use educations CDs. Table 12 - Use of CDs by the public library users S. No. Type of CDs 1 2 No. of responses 139 (69.50) 76 (38.00) 2. REFERENCES 1. Agumanu, J N. promoting reading habits among students. Anambra/Imo states school libraries association bulletin, 1980,9(2),43-49 Wynn Doing. A young adult readers survey: results and benefits. Top of the news, 1977, 35(4),362-72
Education CDs 48 (24.00) Music CDs 124(62.00)
17
MAHJABEEN AYDEED AND VAHIDA BEEGAM T
Utilization of E-Learning Platforms by the Postgraduate Students of Kerala: An Analytical Study

MAHJABEEN AYDEED Junior Research Fellow Dept. Library & Information Science University of Calicut and VAHIDA BEEGAM T Junior Research Fellow Dept.Library & Information Science University of Calicut
ABSTRACT E-learning is a large and growing market with great potentials in higher education. With all the challenges that we are facing in education and training e-learning provides many solutions to problem faced by the students, especially in universities and higher learning institutions. E-learning aims to provide excellent learning support to the students which is as good as face to face teaching and also improved quality, cost effectiveness and flexibility. It offers obvious advantages for e-learners making access to educational resource at any time or at any place. With the development of e -learning technologies, learners can be provided more effective learning environment to optimize their learning. This study provides an understanding on the awareness, purpose and utilization of e-learning platform among the postgraduate students of Kerala. The questionnaire was distributed randomly to science and non-science students of different Universities of Kerala. The analysis of data employed percentage method and it is presented in the form of tables and graphs. The study revealed that all the students are engaged in e-learning and they prefer it than other learning methods. Keywords: E-learning platform, ICT, online education
INTRODUCTION The rapid proliferation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and digital technologies in the last two decades has reshaped the communication, teaching and learning techniques, and the perceptions of learners and instructors towards the access and use of learning objects. Mod ern day learning experience has come a long way beyond pedagogical instructions and face to face interactions. Pupil as well as the instructors are continuously faced by the challenge of
vast subject matter and subject related knowledge put against time constraint. It has become difficult to guide through all information regarding a particular topic with in the four walls of a class room. This is because of the exponential growth of information. To overcome this limitation we need other avenues of knowledge which are easily accessible to the pupils as well as the teacher but at the same time abiding by the student ethics. The panacea to such a medley seems to be e-learning. With the emergence of the internet, e-learning has increasingly become the promising
18
UTILIZATION OF E-LEARNING PLATFORMS BY THE POSTGRADUATE S TUDENTS OF KERALA: A N ANALYTICAL S TUDY

solutions that continue to grow day after day. E- LEARNING: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK E-Learning or Online Education refers to any form of learning/teaching that takes place via a computer network. Network can be of any form, viz. LAN, WAN, MAN or WWW. Various computer functions that are most commonly used for e-learning are electronic mail (e-mail), e-conferencing, groupware programs which include electronic whiteboard (shared writing space) kind of technologies. E-Learning refers to the use of Internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performance. E-learning is the shortened form of electronic learning where deliveries of information, guidance or educational programmes are taking place via electronic media. E-learning E-learning is termed as on-line learning, virtual learning, distributed learning, network and web based learning. According to Meredith and Newton 200, learning facilitated by internet and www technologies, delivered via end-user computing that creates connectivity between people and information provides opportunities for social learning approaches. E-learning means internet enabled learning .It is any type of learning i.e. enhanced by electronic communication online using the latest information and communication technologies. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. 2. 3. To reveal whether the students are aware about e-learning To determine the purpose of e- learning among students. To measure the satisfaction level of students in 4. e-learning. To find out the problems faced by the students in e-learning
METHODOLOGY In this study survey method was adopted and conducted with help of a questionnaire to bring out the clarity for the study. The present study tries to find out the awareness, utilisation and satisfaction level of the post graduate students of different universities of Kerala. The study is conducted on a population of 260 post graduate students of different universities in Kerala. After having received the filled in questionnaires, the data was tabulated and analysed to arrive at the valued findings. The percentage of the total users covered in the study is 91.54. The following universities were selected for the study. University of Kerala Cochin University of Science and Technology University of Calicut Kannur University
THE BREAKUP OF THE POPULATION The total number of 260 questionnaires was distributed among the postgraduate students, in which 160 questionnaires were distributed for science students and 100 questionnaires for Non-science students .Only146 questionnaires were returned from science students out of 160 and 92 from Non-science students out of 100
questionnaires. Category Science Non-science Total Questionnaires Distributed 160 100 260 Questionnaires Received 146 92 238 % 91.25 92 91.54
19

ANALYSES Awareness about e- learning Table 1: Awareness about e- learning Opinion Science No % Yes No Total 146 146 100 100 Students Non-science No % 92 92 100 238 100
Total No 238
% 100 100
Table 1 provides data about the awareness of students about e-learning. It shows that cent per cent of students are aware about e-learning and its usage. Mode of Learning Table 2: Mode of learning Opinion E-learning Class room learning E-learning with Total Science No % 38 26.03 14 9.59 Category of Students Non-science No % 24 26.09 30 38 92 32.61 41.30 100
Total No % 62 26.05 46 130 238 19.33 54.62 100
94 64.38 146 100
Table 2 shows that 64.38 per cent of science students and 41.30 per cent of the non-science students are of the opinion that e-learning with class room learning is more preferred mode of learning. Use of E -learning platform Table 3: Use of e-learning Platform Opinion Yes No Science No % 146 100 Category of Students Non-science No % 92 100 -
Total No 238 -
% 100
Table 3 reveals that hundred per cent of the students (science and non-science) are using platforms of e-learning.
20

Preference of e-learning Table 4: Preference of e-learning Opinion Science Easy to take copies Easy to search and retrieve Convenience to use Exhaustive information Total No 22 68 2 54 146 % 15.07 46.58 1.37 36.98 100 Category of Students Non-science No % 10 10.87 42 45.65 4 36 92 4.35 39.13 100
Total No % 32 13.45 110 46.21 6 90 238 2.52 37.82 100
Table 4 shows why e-learning is preferred by the students than other learning methods. A good number of science students (46.58%) and non-science students (45.65%) students prefer e -learning because it is easy to search and retrieve. Figure 2
21

Purpose of e-learning
Table 5: Purpose of e-learning Opinion Science No For getting subject information 70 % 47.94 19.18 26.03 6.85 100 Category of Students Non-science No % 34 44 14 92 36.96 47.82 15.22 100
Total No 104 72 38 24 238 % 43.70 30.25 15.97 10.08 100
To gain current and general information 28 Fro seminar presentations For the completion of assignments Total 38 10 146
Table 5 demonstrates the various purposes of e-learning among students. Science students (28.76%) mainly use eresources for getting subject information and about half of non-science students (47.82 %) are using e- resources to gain current and general information. Frequency of e -learning usage
Table 6: Frequency of e learning usage Opinion Science No Daily Once in a week Twice in a week Occasionally Total 30 36 62 18 146 % 20.54 24.66 42.47 12.33 100 38 32 6 92 Category of Students Non-science No % 16 17.39 41.30 34.79 6.52 100 No 46 74 94 24 238 Total % 19.33 31.09 39.50 10.08 100
Table 6 reveals the frequency of e learning among students. A good number of science students are engaged in e learning twice in a week whereas a good number of non-science students are engaged in e -learning once in a week.
22

Level of satisfaction
Table 7:Level of satisfaction in using e-learning platforms Opinion Science No Highly satisfied Partially Satisfied Least satisfied Total 12 124 10 146 % 8.22 84.93 6.85 100 Category of Students Non-science No % 18 68 6 92 19.57 73.91 6.52 100
Total No 30 192 16 238 % 12.61 80.67 6.72 100
Table7 shows the level of satisfaction derived through e- learning. A large majority of science (84.93%) and nonscience students (73.91%) are partially satisfied with the facilities available for e-learning.
Use of different electronic information sources
Table 8:Use of different electronic information sources for e-learning Opinion Science No Internet E journals E books CD ROMs Others Total 74 60 4 8 146 2.74 5.48 100 % 50.68 41.10 Category of Students Non-science No % 36 42 2 12 92 13.04 100 39.13 45.65 2.17
Total No 110 102 2 4 20 238 % 46.22 42.86 0.84 1.68 8.40 100
Table 8 shows the use of different electronic information sources in e-learning. About half of science students (50.68%) use mostly internet among different electronic information sources and a good number of non-science students (45.65%) mostly depend on e-journals for e-learning.
23

Problems of e-learning Table 9: Problems of e-learning Opinion Science No Lack of required database Difficulty in accessing full text 42 28 % 28.76 19.18 26.03 19.18 Category of Students Non-science No % 10 44 14 24 0 6.85 100 92 100 10.87 47.82 15.22 26.09
Total No 52 72 52 52 0 10 238 4.2 100 % 21.85 30.25 21.85 21.85
Difficulty in finding relevant information 38
Slow accessibility Lack of time Security problem Total
28 0 10 146
Table 9 reveals the various problems in using e- learning platforms. It can be observed from the table that lack of required data base is the main problem faced by the science students where as difficulty in accessing full text is the main problem faced by the non-science students. Major Findings of the Study: All the students (science and non-science) are aware about e-learning and its usage. Majority of the science and non-science students are of the opinion that e-learning with class room learning is more preferred mode of learning. All the students are using platforms of e-learning. A good number of science and non-science students prefer e -learning because it is easy to search and retrieve. Science students mainly use e- resources for getting subject information and about half of nonscience students are using e- resources to gain current and general information. A good number of science students are engaged in e -learning twice in a week whereas a good number of non-science students are engaged in elearning once in a week. A large majority of science and Non-science
students are only partially satisfied with e -resources available for e-learning. About half of science students use mostly internet among different electronic information sources and a good number of non-science students mostly depend on e-journals. Lack of required data base is the main problem faced by the science students where as difficulty in accessing full text is the main problem faced by the non-science students.
SUGGESTIONS Some of the suggestions received by the respondents are: Infrastructural facilities which supports e-learning have to be improved in universities. Wi-Fi facility should be provided in the university campus. Adequate number of e-resources in full text has to be provided. User training should be given for the proper utilization of e-resources. Fast internet facility has to be provided in libraries

24

of universities Addition of required online databases in various subjects should be done, REFERENCES 1. Georgieva, Eugeniya and Trifonova, Anna.(2008).The influence of the usage of elearning on the students expectations about mlearning. The Turkish Journal of educational technology-TOJET,90-95. Satyajaya, Satapathi.(2007). E-learning: potential and perspective. In Ramaiah, L.S., Sankara Reddy and Hemant Kumar (Ed.), E-libraries: Problems and perspectives. Delhi: Allied, 402-412. Thakur, D. S. (2007). E-learning and libraries. In Ramaiah, L.S., Sankara Reddy and Hemant Kumar (Eds.), E-libraries: Problems and perspectives. Delhi: Allied, 548-567. Tu-C. (2002).E- learning communities: Quarterly review of distance education,3(2),207-218.
CONCLUSION Universities and other higher education institutions are undergoing rapid change on the teaching and the learning process mainly because of e-learning. In the present scenario of education e-learning is a rapidly developing field predominantly by fluidity and change at every step. The utilization of ICTs for the purpose of education, itself is e-learning .E-learning is a complex phenomenon with social, technical, economic, administrative, managerial, and political considerations and consequences. There is also a universal need for more internal communication, collaboration and exchange with each other within the university, organising their own resources. 2.
3.
4.
25
Directory of Open Access Journals, Health Science Nursing: A Bibliometric Study

RAJEEV VASHISTHA Research Scholar Deptt. Of Lib.& Info.Science NIMS UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR vashistharajeev@yahoo.co.in and MADAN LAL JAT Research Scholar Deptt. Of Lib.& Info.Science UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR jatmadan@yahoo.co.in
ABSTRACT The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) provides open access to scientific and scholarly journals, that meat high quality standard by exercising pear review and is free to all from the time of publication based on the Budapest open access initiative. In this paper authors made an effort to study the total 33 free full texts with abstracts online journals were accessed through DOAJ and analyzed based on subject headings, languages, country, keywords, their accessibility of archives of online journals in Health Sciences- Nursing. Keywords : Online Journals, Open Access, E- Journals, Health Sciences, Nursing, DOAJ.
INTRODUCTION The proliferation free access to online journals, the development of subject specific pre-and e-print archives and collections of learning objects provides a very valuable supplement of scientific knowledge to the existing types of published scientific information i.e., books, databases, journals etc. However these valuable collections are difficult to access is because of high cost in subscription and integrate in the library and information services provided by libraries for their user community. Open access journals as journals that use a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. Open access journals (As called the GOLD road to open access) are one of the two general methods for providing open access. The other one (As called the GREEN ROAD) is self archiving in a repository. The publisher of an open access journal is known as an open access publisher.
Directory Of open Access Journals (DOAJ): An Overview At the first Nordic conference on scholarly communication in London/Copenhagen (http:// www.lub.lu.se/ncsc2002) the idea of creating a comprehensive directory of open access journals was discussed. The conclusion was that it would be a valuable service for the global research and education community. available technologies make it possible to collect and organize these resources in a way that allow libraries / information centers worldwide to integrate these resources in existing services thus offering added value both for the service providers of these resources and for the global research and education community. Directory Of Open Access Journals is a service that provides access to quality controlled open access journals. The Directory aims to be comprehensive and cover all
26
DIRECTORY OF OPEN A CCESS JOURNALS, H EALTH SCIENCE NURSING: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY

open access scientific and scholarly journals that use an appropriate quality control system, and it will not be limited to particular language or subject areas. Directory of open access journals is hosted, maintained and partly funded by Lund university libraries head Office. OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER To know the number free e-journals offered by DOAJ on Health Sciences with special reference to Nursing. To know that country wise distribution of e-journals To find out the language wise distribution of e-journals To know the accessibility of archives of e-journals To know the usefulness and applicability of Nursing e-journals to other disciplines.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Directory open access journals website(http:// www.doaj.org) is browsed for the present paper. Nursing e-journals were searched out and 33 journals were found on DOAJ. Total 33 Nursing e-journals were analyzed based on subject Heading, Country wise, Languages and accessibility of archives of E Journal. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS Total 33 Nursing e-Journals were analyzed based on subject headings, languages, country wise and accessibility of archives of E- journals and presented in the form of tables.
Table:1 List of free EJournals on Nursing
S.No.
Title of E- Journals
URL
ISSN No./ E-ISSN No. 01032100 19181345 14726955 07172079/ 07179553 14094568 16956141 14148145/ 21779465 1134928X/ 1578164X 11321296 15236064 01205307
Publisher
1. 2. 3. 4.
Acta paulista de Enfermagem Aporia: The Nursing Journal BMC Nursing Ciencia Y Enfermeria: Revista Iberoamericana de Investigacion Enfermeria Actual en Costa Ri Enfermeria Global Escola Anna Nery Gerokomas Index de Enfermeria The Internet journal of Advanced Nursing Practice Investigacion Y Education en Enfermeria
http://www.org/www.scielo.br http://www.doaj.org http://www.doaj.org http://www.scielo.cl
Universidade Federral de Sao Paulo University of Ottawa Bio Med Central Universided de concepcion Universided de Costa Rica Universided de Murcia
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
http://www.revent.ucr.ac.cr http://revesta.um.es/ www.um.es.eglobal http://doaj.org http://www.scielo.br http://scielo.isciii.es http://scielo.isciii.es http://www.ispub.com http://www.scielo.org.co
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Ediciones SPA S.L. Fundacion Index Internet Scientific Publications, LLC Universided de Antioquia
27
R AJEEV V ASHISTHA AND MADAN LAL JAT

S.No. Title of E- Journals URL ISSN No./ E-ISSN No. 15043614/ Publisher
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning NURE Investigacion Nursing Research and Practice
http://www.ub.uit.no 18912982
University of tromsf and Bodf University College Foundation for Nursery Development, (FUDEN) Hindawi Publishing Corporation Fluminense Federal University Kent State University School of Nursing Online Journal of Nursing Informatics Corp. Rural Nurse Organization Bentham open Plataforma Enferurg Associacao Brasileira de Enfermagem Editorial Ciencias Medicas Universidade de Sao Paulo Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Sciedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica Universidade Federal do Estato do Rio de Janeiro Universidade Federal de Goias Universidade de Sao Paulo Unmiversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina Nursing Department of the Technological Educational Institute, Athens Medscape
Surgical Materials Testing Laboratory
http://www.nureinvestigacion.es 1697218X http://www.hindawi.com/ journals/nrp/ 20901429/ 20901437 16764285 10913734 10899758 15393399 18744346
Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing http://www.objnursing.uff.br
Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Online Journal of Nursing Informatics Online Journal of rural Nursing and Health Care Open Nursing Journal Paginasenferurg.com Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem Revista Cubana de enfermeria Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica Revista de Pesquisa : Cuidado e fundamental Online Revista Electronica de Enfermagem Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem Revista Saude.com Texto &Contexto Enfermagem To Vima tou Asklipiou
http://www.nursingworld.org http://www.ojni.org http://www.rno.org http://www.bentham.org
http://www.paginasenferurg.com 19892829 www.enferung.com http://www.doaj.org http://scielo.sld.cu http://www.doaj.org http://www.ofpe.br http://scielo.isciii.es 00347167/ 19840446 08640319/ 15612961 00806234/ 1980220X 19818963 11391375
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
http://www.seer.unirio.br http://www.doaj.org http://www.fenufg.br/revista/ http.//www.doaj.org http.//www.scielo.br
18096107/ 21755361 15181944 01041169/ 15188345
http.//www.uesb.br/revista/rsc/ 18090761 http.//redalyc.uaemex.mx http://www.ima-asklipiou.gr 01040707/ 1980265X 11094486
32. 33.
Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing e- Journal World Wide Wounds
http.//www.medscape.com
15352250
http://www.worldwidewounds.com 13690607
28

Table no. 1 enumerates the free open access online journals on - Nursing along with their URL so that any user can browse the e- journals directly by entering the URL in its address bar. Table : 2 Country wise distribution of E- Journals on Nursing S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Name of the E- Journals Acta paulista de Enfermagem Aporia: The Nursing Journal BMC Nursing Ciencia Y Enfermeria: Revista Iberoamericana de Investigacion Enfermeria Actual en Costa Ri Enfermeria Global Escola Anna Nery Gerokomas Index de Enfermeria The Internet journal of Advanced Nursing Practice Investigacion Y Education en Enfermeria Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning NURE Investigacion Nursing Research and Practice Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Online Journal of Nursing Informatics Online Journal of rural Nursing and Health Care Open Nursing Journal Paginasenferurg.com Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem Revista Cubana de enfermeria Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica Revista de Pesquisa : Cuidado e fundamental Online Revista Electronica de Enfermagem Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem Revista Saude.com Texto &Contexto Enfermagem To Vima tou Asklipiou Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing e- Journal World Wide Wounds Place of Publication Brazil Canada United Kingdom Chile Costa Rica Spain Brazil Spain Spain United States Colombia Norway Spain Egypt Brazil United States United States United States United States Spain Brazil Cuba Brazil Brazil Spain Brazil Brazil Brazil Brazil Brazil Greece United States United Kingdom
29

Table- 2.1 - Analysis of country wise distribution of e-journals on Nursing S.No. Name of the Country 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rice Cuba Egypt Greece Norway Spain United Kingdom United States Total No. of EJournals 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2 6 33 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Rank 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 2 14. 15. Table 2.1 clearly depicts that the Brazil publishes more and more open access journals for the society benefits followed by Spain and USA. It is clear from the table India did not publish any open access e-journal in the field of Nursing. Table 3 - Language wise distribution of E- journals on - Nursing S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Name of the E-Journals Acta paulista de Enfermagem Aporia: The Nursing Journal BMC Nursing Ciencia Y Enfermeria: Revista Iberoamericana de Investigacion Enfermeria Actual en Costa Ri Language Portuguese English, French English English, Spanish, Portuguese Spanish Nursing Research and Practice Spanish Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Online Journal of Nursing Informatics Online Journal of rural Nursing and Health Care Open Nursing Journal Paginasenferurg.com Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem Revista Cubana de enfermeria Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line English, Portuguese, Spanish English English English English Spanish Portuguese Spanish, Portuguese Portuguese Portuguese 11. 12. 13. Investigacion Y Education en Enfermeria Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning NURE Investigacion Spanish, Portuguese Norwegian Spanish 8. 9. 10. Gerokomas Index de Enfermeria The Internet journal of Advanced Nursing Practice S.No. 6. Name of the E-Journals Enfermeria Global Language Spanish, Portuguese, English Portuguese, Spanish Spanish Spanish English
7.
Escola Anna Nery
5.
30

S.No. 25. 26. 27. Name of the E-Journals Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Language Nefrologica Spanish Table 4 - Distributions of Subject Headings of EJournals on Nursing S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Name of the E- Journals Acta paulista de Enfermagem Aporia: The Nursing Journal BMC Nursing Ciencia Y Enfermeria: Revista Iberoamericana de Investigacion Enfermeria Actual en Costa Ri Enfermeria Global Escola Anna Nery Gerokomas Subject Headings Nursing Nursing Nursing
Revista de Pesquisa : Portuguese Cuidado e fundamental Online Revista Electronica de Enfermagem Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem Revista Saude.com Portuguese, English, Spanish Portuguese Portuguese
28. 29. 30.
Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Internal Medicine, Nursing Nursing Nursing
5. 6. 7. 8.
Texto &Contexto Enfermagem Portuguese, Spanish, English To Vima tou Asklipiou Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing e- Journal World Wide Wounds Greek English English
31. 32. 33.
9. 10.
Index de Enfermeria The Internet journal of Advanced Practice Nursing Investigacion Y Education en Enfermeria Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning
Table-3.1 - Analysis of Language wise distribution of E- Journals in Nursing S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Languages English Portuguese Spanish French Greek Norwegian No. of E Journals 15 15 14 1 1 1 Rank 1 1 2 3 3 3
11. 12.
Nursing Public Health, Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
NURE Investigacion Nursing Research and Practice Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Online Journal of Nursing Informatics
Table 3 and 3.1 gives the information about the language wise publication of e-journals on Nursing. English and Portuguese languages are dominating the open access e-journals in the field of Nursing followed by Spanish.
31

S.No. Name of the E- Journals Online Journal of rural Nursing and Health Care Open Nursing Journal Paginasenferurg.com Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem Revista Cubana de enfermeria Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica Revista de Pesquisa : Cuidado e fundamental Online Revista Electronica de Enfermagem Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem Revista Saude.com Subject Headings Nursing , Public Health Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing, Urology Nursing Nursing Nursing Dentistry, Nursing, Medicine (General) 33. S.No. 30. 31. 32. Name of the E- Journals Texto &Contexto Enfermagem To Vima tou Asklipiou Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing e- Journal World Wide Wounds Subject Headings Nursing Nursing Nursing Surgery, Nursing
18.
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Table :4.1. Analysis of Subject Headings of EJournals on Health Sciences- Nursing S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Subject Headings Nursing Public Health Nursing Internal Medicine Nursing Nursing-Urology Dentistry-NursingMedicine(General) Surgery-Nursing Total No. of E- Journals 27 2 1 1 1 1 33
26. 27. 28. 29.
Table 4 and 4.1 shows that interdisciplinary scope of the Nursing e-journals published under DOAJ. It is explanatory that majority of the journals are published in the core area of Nursing .
Table:5 Subject keywords of online Journals on Health Sciences- Nursing S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Name of the E Journals Acta paulista de Enfermagem Aporia: The Nursing Journal BMC Nursing Ciencia Y Enfermeria: Subjects Key Words Nursing,Health Sciences Health care, Nursing critique, health and social Sciences nursing and social Sciences Nursing, health Science, Medicine Health sciences Revista Iberoamericana de Investigacion
32

S.No. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Name of the E- Journals Enfermeria Actual en Costa Ri Enfermeria Global Escola Anna Nery Gerokomas Index de Enfermeria The Internet journal of Advanced Nursing Practice Investigacion Y Education en Enfermeria Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning NURE Investigacion Nursing Research and Practice Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Online Journal of Nursing Informatics Online Journal of rural Nursing and Health Care Open Nursing Journal Paginasenferurg.com Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem Revista Cubana de enfermeria Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica Revista de Pesquisa : Cuidado e fundamental Online Revista Electronica de Enfermagem Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem Revista Saude.com Subject Headings Health care, Medical Education Nursing Nursing, health sciences Nursing, geriatrics Health care Medical sciences, nursing, nurses Health ,social sciences Nursing, health care, health professions Nursing research, nursing protocols, medicine Nurses, nursing, medicine Nursing, health science Nursing, medicine , health science Nursing, medical informatics, health science Rural health ,rural nursing, health care Medicine Emergency ,nurses, urgencies, care Nursing Health sciences Nursing Nursing, health sciences Nephrology, kidney diseases Health science, nursing, nurses Nursing, health sciences Health sciences Medicine , public health ,nutrition, nursing, dentistry
33

S.No. 30. 31. 32. 33. Name of the E- Journals Texto &Contexto Enfermagem To Vima tou Asklipiou Subject Headings Nursing, health sciences Health care
Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing e- Journal Nursing, health sciences World Wide Wounds Nursing, medicine
Table: 5 Indicates the useful keywords for searching in each online journal onNursing so that users would not waste their time by browsing broad keywords.
MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY a It is observed that Brazil was in 1st rank in publishing with eleven e- journals followed by United States and Spain. English and Portuages are the most common communication language for the scientific communities in the field of Nursing. It is observed that Health Sciences Nursing ejournals are interdisciplinary in nature.
REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. www.doaj.org (Access date 21/01/11 www.wikipeadia.com (Access date 21/01/11) http://www.org/www.scielo.br (Access date 21/01/11) http://www.scielo.cl (Access date 21/01/11) http://www.revent.ucr.ac.cr (Access date 22/01/11) http://revesta.um.es/www.um.es.eglobal (Access date 22/01/11) http://scielo.isciii.es (Access date 22/01/11) http://www.ispub.com (Access date 5/02/11) http://www.scielo.org.co (Access date 5/02/11) http://www.ub.uit.no (Access date 08/08/11) http://www.nureinvestigacion.es (Access date 8/ 02/11) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nrp/ (Access date 8/02/11)
CONCLUSION DOAJ is comprehensive and covers open access scientific and scholarly journals that use an appropriate quantity control system, and it will not be limited to particular language or subject areas. DOAJ is to increase the visibility and scholarly journals there by promoting their increased usage and impact. Research scholars, Medical Scientists, Professionals should browse the DOAJ site and access the free online journals on their subject areas. It is also suggested that medical scientists and Research scholars should publish their research work in online open access journals for wider visibility of their research work and for greater impact factor (I. F.) and citation index.
34

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. http://www.objnursing.uff.br (Access date 10/02/11) http://www.nursingworld.org (Access date 10/02/11) http://www.ojni.org (Access date 18/02/11) http://www.rno.org (Access date 19/02/11) http://www.bentham.org (Access date 19/02/11) http://scielo.sld.cu (Access date 19/02/11) http://www.ofpe.br (Access date 19/02/11) http://www.seer.unirio.br (Access date 20/02/11) http://www.fenufg.br/revista/ (Access date 20/02/11) 28. 29. 26. 27. 25. 22. 23. 24. http://www.biomedcentral.com (Access date 23/ 02/11) http.//redalyc.uaemex.mx (Access date 23/02/11) http://www.ima-asklipiou.gr (Access date 23/02/11) http.//www.medscape.com 24/02/11) (Access date
http://www.worldwidewounds.com (Access date 24/02/11) http://www.sciencealrt.com 25/02/11) (Access date
http://www.medind.nic.in (Access date 25/02/11) www.informindia.com (Access date 25/02/11)
35
SEEMA V ASISHTA
ICT and Librarians: Surviving the Challenges of the Technological Developments

SEEMA VASISHTA Sr. Librarian PEC University of Technology Chandigarh Seema313@gmail.com
ABSTRACT The umbrella of development has made tremendous impact on every profession including librarianship. This spurt of technology has brought dramatic changes in every sphere of library activity. The library professionals have to cope with the proliferation of information as well as high expectations of the users. The article aims to give an overview of the changes in librarianship, which have taken place in the recent decades due to the dynamic development and widen horizons of information and communication technologies (ICT), and to show how these changes have influenced service aspect of the libraries. It also puts forth the competencies and skills required by the library professionals to manage the changes. Keywords: ICT, LIS Professionals, Librarianship The increasing role of technology in libraries has a significant impact on the changing roles of the librarians. The human resource is essential to the success of any technology-based service, and libraries are challenged to develop and implement those services while maintaining traditional services. The support of electronic services requires special skill sets. While continuing to provide many traditional information services, librarians are developing new skill sets and growing intro the new roles that are necessary to support technology-based services[3]. The sole mission of the librarianship to provide excellent information service to users has not changed at all but several new dimensions are added to this task. CONVENTIONAL V/S. TECHNOLOGICAL LIBRARIANSHIP Traditional libraries have been a storehouse of documents. With the application of ICT, libraries have now metamorphosed into digital and virtual institutions and are least judged by its quantitative
INTRODUCTION The world is embossed with the new technological era and the profession of librarianship is comforted today with the availability of technology. Myriad kind of technology is available now, and technology innovations are the future. These innovations and innovative ideas including artificial intelligence, robotics, speech synthesis, electronic mail, CD/DVDROM, CD networking, Barcode systems, Electronic Publishing, Hypermedia, Multimedia, Tele facsimile, Radio data paging, Networks etc. share common technology revolving around electronics, computers, telecommunication, printing and reprography, popularly known as ICT[1]. There has been sea change in the librarianship due to revolution in ICT. Librarianship, is the professional activity of selecting, procuring, organizing, preserving, and making available data, information, and creative and scholarly words, and providing services that assist and instruct people in the most efficient ways to identify, locate, access, and use information and resources[2]. Librarians are the people having expertise in organization of universe of knowledge.
36
ICT AND LIBRARIANS : SURVIVING THE CHALLENGES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

resources. Technological innovations, particularly in the field of ICT, have given rise to new ideas relating to collection, processing and dissemination of information. Format of documents has changed from paper to electronic and existence of information in various media has dramatically affected working of library professionals. Apart from accessing, organizing, retrieving and disseminating information in print forms, they have to explore various channels of information to provide quick and relevant information to the user in the most acceptable form. Librarianship is confronting with dual pressure of availability of surfeit and unorganized information through the Internet and the emergence of novel prospects and demands of the users for more sophisticated and high quality information resources. Technology is driving change across the entire range of library responsibilities. Today, libraries are emerging as information resource centres, performing electronic cataloguing, electronic acquisition and serials control, electronic inter-library loan and electronic circulation functions. Acquisition librarians are acquiring traditional material like books and journals, but they also have to deal with new format of information in the form of video, graphics, multimedia files etc. its their job to provide seamless access to various static as well as dynamic electronic information resources. They have wider horizons to deal with collection development of the electronic databases in the form of either full-text e-journal or bibliographical databases; providing access to networked resources and other services that are acquired only virtually. The print media is synonymous with common user and the same is valuable heritage also. But, while dealing with electronic media, librarians have to deal with access without ownership issues involving electronic product license agreements. Moreover all this has to be maintained within constrains of the available budget with a goal to have a proper balance between the print and digital media. Circulation librarians have to deliver a wide range of information products and services to meet the needs of their varying users. These services range from simple issue/return services to most complex and value added information products and services, in both on-line as well as off-line manner. They have to make sure online resources are available where and when they are needed. They have to integrate electronic resources into virtual learning environments and act as link facilitator, so as to ensure the users get access to the best electronic source available. New facilities to renew like renewal of books on phone or via Internet are also emerging. Also, document delivery through FAX, e-mail and Internet forms a part of this service. Reference librarians are not only serving users for service points in the library, but also delivering reference service to a growing clientele through remote access. The concept of Virtual Reference Service (VRS) is gaining momentum as more and more users are being connected to reference librarian through the novel technologies. However, the present perception of providing reference service transaction can be more complex and time consuming than traditional in-library services as now reference librarian has to give attention to all the questions submitted via e-mail or SMS or chat or Blog or to virtual reference desk through library webpage. Referral services are also emerging as communication based services. Sometimes a library may not be able to provide the required document or information to a user. In such cases, it can guide the readers to another library or place from where the particular document or information is available. E-mail, Telnet (Hypertext), LISTSERV (Discussion Groups) and Electronic Bulletin Boards (EBBs) also form a part of this service. The web portal has become a standard tool for many libraries, and its use has created several roles for librarians that do not have direct corollaries in the past. Many librarians now use their web site for providing electronic services. Librarian input is necessary to develop a well-designed web interface and a page linking structure that facilitates efficient use. But once created, web portal needs continuous commitment from library professional to maintain, modify and update the web site. In addition to acquiring and processing resources in a variety of new formats libraries are increasingly involved in the creation of resources. Digital library initiatives generate many local-contact information resources that require different bibliographic control schemes. Today librarians are no more simply a custodian of reading material, but they are the collector and
37
SEEMA V ASISHTA
evaluator of information [4]. User may find some problems in surfing and retrieving the information from different web-sites due to lack of knowledge of search engines and their usage. Information m a n a g e r s r o l e i s g a t h e r i n g , s t r u c t u r i n g a n d distributing the information timely to users. They should be capable of restructuring and repackaging the downloaded data to meet the users demands. In order to meet these requirements, new kinds of p r o f e s s i o n a l s h a v e e m e rg e d w i t h d i ff e r e n t designations, Information managers, System Managers, Information Scientists, and Information Specialist etc. The traditional role of librarians as the custodians of their physical holdings is changing into one being responsible for the security of their electronic information as well along with the system administrators [5]. So library professionals have to be dynamic and well equipped with new technology. Librarians have to prepare their libraries in such a way so as to offer 24X7 any time, anywhere access to the libraries, the information commons, the invisible web, etc. the present scenario call upon the librarians also to redefine their roles and responsibilities according to the need of the hour i.e. from merely book keeping role of librarian to the information scientists who are managing the knowledge. CORE COMPETENCIES REQUIRED BY THE LIBRARIANS There are challenges that librarians need to face to provide quality and efficient information services. To m e e t t h e c h a n g i n g n e e d s o f l i b r a r y u s e r s , librarians are expected to continuously enhance their competencies and skills in the use of technologies in o r d e r t o i m p r o v e p r o d u c t i v i t y, e ff i c i e n c y a n d competitiveness [6]. The electronic medium is continually in a state of change and also transforming the things around us. The professionals, who do not c h a n g e w i t h t h e c h a n g i n g s o c i e t y, r a t h e r s a y developing society always lag behind and go into oblivion after certain period. Similar danger is lurking over the shoulders of library professionals and librarians must keep pace in developing their own competencies. Competencies have been defined as the interplay of knowledge, understanding skills and attitudes required for doing a job effectively from the point of view of both the performer and the observer. In this context, competencies set emphasis on bridging gaps in the technical structures and mapping of digital information. In the technology know-how and its application for maximizing digital i n f o r m a t i o n g l o b a l l y, t e c h n i c a l c o m p e t e n c i e s particularly based within this understanding, is a must to overshadow the traditional management of knowledge and information. The unique competencies of the librarian include in-depth knowledge of print and electronic information resources, in management of information services that meet the strategic information needs of the individual or group being served [7]. Keeping in mind the above scenario, the types of competencies required for the library professionals are as follows: Collection Development Skills: Collection development is a highly challenging task for information professionals. It is the demand of the situation that collection developed by them not only meets the current needs of their clients but also be capable of catering to the future ones. So librarians must have through knowledge of full range of leaning resources, both print as well as non-print. They must possess expert knowledge of the contents of information resources. They are impelled to know the best textbooks, journals and electronic resources in specific areas to have control over the supply of information by selecting what is relevant and usable for the users. Collection Processing Skills: Library professional must acquire the skill of analyzing and evaluating the quality of information. They must be capable of distinguishing between primary, secondary as well as tertiary sources, available in a particular discipline and evaluate their appropriateness to the information need. Librarianship attempts to relieve the users from literature search activity by understanding the intellectual activity of evaluating, integrating, condensing and making available the latest required information. This needs a logical and analytical approach on the part of librarian, so that information needs of the users obtained could be analyzed and needed information be provided. ICT Skills: The use of ICT is increasing day by day in all libraries and information centres. Not a single professional area in the librarianship is left
38
ICT AND LIBRARIANS : SURVIVING THE CHALLENGES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

untouched by the introduction of ICT. The library professionals should have enough skills to profitably utilize the emerging gamut of ICT by acquiring minimum skills of operating and maintaining a computer system and communication network. Besides, library professionals should have some basic k n o w l e d g e o f L A N , WA N , M A N , C D - R O M Networking and should have enough skill to reap the benefits provided by library networks and consortia s u c h a s I N F L I B N E T, D E L N E T, M A L I B N E T, INDEST, and CALIBNET etc. Information Retrieval Skills: Using on-line databases the library professionals should be in a position to able to help the elite community of user with comprehensive retrieval, providing retrospective search, ready references, bibliographic verification and Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI). The professional should have an ability to think in a logical and analytical manner to be effective in searching the databases. Information Repackaging Skills: The wide resources of information available are just tools, which themselves little significance. But when they are applied to create and improve products and services, they become meaningful. Librarians have to be proactive and aware of their users interests. They are expected to provide value-added services by carrying out searches across range of information resources, download the results, analyze and repackage to suit the user need. They are also expected to develop specialized information products like databases of in-house documents, searchable full-text document files, create a home page on the World Wide Web and link the home page to other sites of interest on the Internet. User-education Skills: User education aims to equip users with the needed skills to enable them to make use of libraries and their resources in a user-friendly manner. User education includes library orientation and information skills training. Librarians must be capable of using wide variety of methods to help users in information skills through lectures, practical hands-on sessions, printed guides, Demonstrations etc. Communication Skills: Clear communication skill in writing as well as oral is necessary. The librarian is required to acquire skills and competencies to function as logical thinker with analytical approach, problem solver, and decision maker with inquisitive, curious imaginative and creative skills enabling him to manage, organize, supervise and communicate with different groups of people. Technology Acquisition Skill: Librarians have always been in the forefront in using technologies whether it is typewriter, telephone, photocopier or computer. However, technology today is changing rapidly and bringing in obsolescence of early technology. Developments, improvements and innovations in machinery and equipment used in information technology makes it obsolete before a particular gadget establishes its presence firmly. The information technologies call for a variety of technical standards. The librarians should have skills and competencies in locating information about the latest technologies, select suitable software by precisely defining the needs. They should have enough technical knowledge to discuss and bargain with the vendor and make decision for the suitable technologies. Selection of a particular aspect of technology and its application to a library involves a huge expenditure. Therefore, the library professionals should catch-up and stay with the contemporary state of art of technology. Management Skills: The new trend of librarianship is that librarians are being increasingly placed in positions where they must co-ordinate and supervise the work of others. Skills of planning, designing and developing, and implementing are essential for efficient workflow and production. Interpersonal Skills: Two-way communication skills (oral, written, listening, questioning), a positive and confident professional behavior style, leadership and team work and understanding human behavior are some of the important interpersonal skills that need to be emphasized for development in the library professionals. CONCLUSION Modern technology has radically altered the nature of our society and style of working of the people. Library and information services cant lag behind and also require changing to the tune of the progress of the civilization, keeping in view the requirement of time, technological developments and global change.
39
SEEMA V ASISHTA
Librarians have their roots in the past, but they reach far into the future. The mission of librarian, providing excellent information service to users, has not changed but technology has added several new dimensions to this task. All the librarians have to believe in the power of information and take the responsibility to provide effective, efficient, relevant, cost-effective, not up-to-date rather up-to-minute information to their users. The competencies and skills form the basis for the continued survival and growth of librarianship in the information age. Librarians must recognize the expanding nature of the challenges that confront them and the range of competencies that are required to ensure that the librarians have a viable tomorrow. Going back to the theory of Charles Darwin Survival of the Fittest, in this age of shifting paradigms, librarians have to evolve and transform accordingly for the better tomorrows. REFERENCES 1. SINGH (R) and SINGH (RK). Competencies and skills for university library and information professionals in 21st century. Herald of Library science.42, 3-4; 2003; 185-191. 7. 2. 3. Dolmetsch Online Dictionary. (accessed on 5.1.2011) http://www.dolmetsch.com/defsl1.htm YOUNGMAN (DC). Library staffing considerations in the age of technology: basic element for managing change. (accessed on 18.10.2010) http:// www.library.ucsb.edu/istl/99-fall/ VERMA (M). Digitization and New Role of Library Professionals. (accessed on 03.12.2010) http:// shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/dxml/bitstream/handle/ 1944/1286/39.pdf?sequence=1 SWARNA (T), PRAKASAN (ER) and VIJAI KUMAR. Librarianship Today: Challenges and Changes. MARSHALL (J), FISHER (B), MOULTON (L) and PICCOLI (R). Competencies for Special Librarians of the 21st Century. Repot Submitted to SLA Board of Directors by the special committee on Competencies for the Special Librarians. May 1996. HOBOHM (H). Impact of new technology on libraries: an introductory note. 62nd IFLA General Conference. Beijing. 27 Aug, 1996. (accessed on 25.12.2010) http://forge.fh-potsdam.de/~IFLA/INSPEL/964hobh.pdf
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A Peer Reviewed Quarterly Journal Vol. 48 No.

D R. JESUDOSS MANALAN AND D R. L. PARISUTHARAJ

INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION

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Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO LIBRARIAN-P UBLISHERS R ELATIONSHIP IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

(OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION)

EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Editor :

APRIL-JUNE 2012 EDITORIAL

Prof. Jagtar Singh

Dr. A.R.D. Prasad

Prof. Sabahat Hussain

Prof. (Mrs) Ashu Shokeen

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

JOURNAL OF INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 2012, 48(2) 5-8

Innovative Approach to Librarian-Publishers Relationship in Academic Libraries

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

D R. JESUDOSS MANALAN AND D R. L. PARISUTHARAJ

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO LIBRARIAN-P UBLISHERS R ELATIONSHIP IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

D R. JESUDOSS MANALAN AND D R. L. PARISUTHARAJ

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

JNV Libraries in Maharashtra: A Study

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

K ISHOR M. DHUMNE AND D R. SURESH H. GAWALI

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

JNV LIBRARIES IN MAHARASHTRA : A STUDY

12.39 30.19 49.00 60.68

Adult Education Services 20

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

K ISHOR M. DHUMNE AND D R. SURESH H. GAWALI

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

JNV LIBRARIES IN MAHARASHTRA : A STUDY

JOURNAL OF INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 2012, 48(2) 13-17

Reading Habits of Public Library Users in Erode Corporation, Tamilnadu: A Survey

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

Sex-wise Distribution of Respondents

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

R EADING HABITS OF PUBLIC LIBRARY USERS IN E RODE CORPORATION, TAMILNADU : A SURVEY

Students Officers / Professionals Business Others Total

Tamil Malayalam Telugu English Total

92.5 4.50 2.50 0.50 100

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association

25.5 14.0 7.0 14.0 39.5

General knowledge books 92 Fiction Biographies Religious books Others 65 18 28 19

Electronic source contains 15 more information Not compared 16

Use of CDs by the Public Library Users

Vol. XLVIII, No 2, April-June, 2012

Journal of Indian Library Association