Fungal Infections of the Skin

Jock Itch

Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is a common skin infection that is caused by a type of
fungus called tinea. The fungus thrives in warm, moist areas of the body and as a result,
infection can affect the genitals, inner thighs and buttocks. Infections occur more
frequently in the summer or in warm, wet climates.

Jock itch appears as a red, itchy rash that is often ring-shaped.

Is Jock Itch Contagious?

Jock itch is only mildly contagious. The condition can be spread from person to person
through direct contact or indirectly from objects carrying infected scales.

What Are the Symptoms of Jock Itch?

Symptoms of jock itch include:

• Itching, chafing, or burning in the groin, thigh, or anal area

• A circular, red, raised rash with elevated edges
• Redness in the groin, thigh, or anal area
• Flaking, peeling, or cracking skin

How Is Jock Itch Diagnosed?

In most cases, jock itch can be diagnosed based on the appearance and location of the
rash. If you are not certain that the condition is jock itch, contact your doctor. The doctor
will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and will perform a physical exam. A
microscopic exam of the scales of skin can confirm the diagnosis.

How Is Jock Itch Treated?

In most cases, treatment involves keeping the affected area clean and dry and applying
topical antifungal medications. Jock itch usually responds to over-the-counter antifungal
creams and sprays. However, prescription antifungal creams are sometimes necessary.
During treatment of jock itch, be sure to:

• Wash and dry the affected area with a clean towel

• Apply the antifungal cream, powder, or spray as directed
• Change clothes -- especially underwear -- everyday
Ringworm

Ringworm, also called tinea corporis, is not a worm, but a fungal infection of the skin. It
can appear anywhere on the body and it looks like a circular, red, flat sore. It is
sometimes accompanied by scaly skin. The outer part of the sore can be raised while the
skin in the middle appears normal. Ringworm can be unsightly, but it is usually not a
serious condition.

Is Ringworm Contagious?

The fungus can be spread by direct contact with infected people or animals. It also may
be spread on clothing or furniture. Heat and humidity may help to spread the infection.

What Are the Symptoms of Ringworm?

Ringworm appears as a red, circular, flat sore that is sometimes accompanied by scaly
skin. There may be more than one patch of ringworm on the skin, and patches or red rings
of rash may overlap. It is possible to have ringworm without having the common red ring
of rash.

How Is Ringworm Diagnosed?

A doctor can diagnose ringworm based on the appearance of the rash or reported
symptoms. He or she will ask about possible exposure to people or animals with
ringworm. The doctor may take skin scrapings or samples from the infected area and look
at them under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.

Most suitable anti fungal cream for infection between

thigh and scrotum?
Tinea cruris (Jock itch) is a dermatophyte infection of the groin. Treatment is with topical
antifungal cream or lotion. Choices include terbinafine, miconazole, clotrimazole,
ketoconazole, econazole, and ciclopirox applied bid for 10 to 14 days. Itraconazole 200
mg po once/day or terbinafine 250 mg po once/day for 3 to 6 wk may be needed in
patients who have refractory, inflammatory, or widespread infections. Please wash your
undergarments in boiling water and dry them in hot sunshine.

What is athlete’s foot?

Athlete's foot, also called tinea pedis, is a fungal infection of the foot. It causes peeling,
redness, itching, burning, and sometimes blisters and sores.

Athlete’s foot is a very common infection. Tinea pedis grows best in a warm, moist
environment. It is most common in the summer and in warm, humid climates. It occurs
more often in people who wear tight shoes, and who use community baths and pools.
What causes athlete’s foot?

Athlete’s foot is caused by a microscopic fungus that lives on dead tissue of the hair,
toenails, and outer skin layers. There are at least four kinds of fungus that can cause
athlete's foot. The most common of these fungi is trichophyton rubrum.

The fungi that cause athlete’s foot can live in warm, moist places including shoes, socks,
swimming pools, locker rooms, and the floors of public showers.

What are the symptoms of athlete’s foot?

Symptoms of athlete’s foot vary from person to person. However, common symptoms
include:

• Peeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet

• Redness, blisters, or softening and breaking down of the skin
• Itching, burning, or both

The most common kind of athlete’s foot is called interdigital or toe web infection. It
usually occurs between the two smallest toes. This form of athlete’s foot can cause
itching, burning, and scaling. The infection can spread to the sole of the foot.

A moccasin-type infection of athlete’s foot can begin with a minor irritation, dryness,
itching, or scaly skin. As it develops, the condition involves thickened and cracked skin.
This infection can involve the entire sole of the foot and sometimes the hands.

A vesicular infection is the least common kind of athlete’s foot. The condition usually
begins with a sudden outbreak of fluid-filled blisters under the skin. Most often, the
blisters develop on the skin of the instep and mid-anterior plantar surface of the foot.
However, they also can appear between the toes, on the heel, or on the top of the foot.

How is athlete’s foot diagnosed?

Not all itchy, scaly feet are infected with fungus. The best way to diagnose the infection
is to scrape the skin and examine the scales under a microscope for evidence of fungus. A
culture can be done by sending scrapings of skin to the lab. The doctor might take a skin
sample to confirm the diagnosis.

How is athlete’s foot treated?

Athlete’s foot is treated with topical antifungal medication (medication placed directly on
the skin) in most cases. Severe cases might require oral medicines (those taken by
mouth). The feet must be kept clean and dry as the fungus grows in moist environments.
Prevention is part of athlete’s foot treatment. Preventive steps include wearing shower
sandals in public showering areas, wearing shoes that allow the feet to breathe, and daily
washing of the feet with soap and water. Drying the feet thoroughly and using a quality
foot powder also can help in the prevention of athlete’s foot.
What is jock itch?

Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is common skin infection that is caused by a type of
fungus. This infection can affect the genitals, inner thighs, and buttocks. Jock itch appears
as a red, itchy rash that is often ring-shaped. Environmental factors are important. Tinea
thrives in warm, moist areas of the body. Infections occur more frequently in the summer
or in warm, wet climates.

What causes jock itch?

Jock itch is caused by a type of fungus called tinea. Jock itch is only mildly contagious.
The condition can be spread from one person to another through direct contact or
indirectly from objects carrying infected scales.

What are the symptoms of jock itch?

Symptoms of jock itch include:

• Itching, chafing, or burning in the groin, thigh, or anal area

• A circular, red, raised rash with elevated edges
• Skin redness in the groin, thigh, or anal area
• Flaking, peeling, or cracking skin

How is jock itch diagnosed?

In most cases, jock itch can be diagnosed based on the appearance and location of the
rash. If you are not certain that the condition is jock itch, contact your doctor. The doctor
will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and will perform a physical exam. A
microscopic exam of the scales of skin can help make the diagnosis.

How is jock itch treated?

In most cases, treatment involves keeping the affected area clean and dry, and applying
topical antifungal medicines. Jock itch usually responds to over-the-counter antifungal
creams and sprays. However, prescription antifungal creams are sometimes necessary.
During treatment of jock itch, be sure to:

• Wash and dry the affected area with a clean towel.

• Apply the antifungal cream, powder, or spray as directed on the label.
• Change clothes--especially underwear--every day.

What is ringworm?

Ringworm of the body is also called tinea corporis. Ringworm is not a worm, but a fungal
infection of the skin. It can appear anywhere on the body and it looks like a circular, red,
flat sore. It is sometimes accompanied by scaly skin. The outer part of the sore can be
raised, and the skin in the middle appears normal. Ringworm can be unsightly, but is
usually not a serious condition.
What causes ringworm?

A fungus called tinea causes ringworm. The fungus can be spread by direct contact with
infected people or animals. It also might be spread on clothing or furniture. Heat and
humidity might help to spread the infection.

What are the symptoms of ringworm?

Ringworm appears as a red, circular, flat sore that is sometimes accompanied by scaly
skin. There might be more than one patch of ringworm on the skin, and patches or red
rings of rash might overlap. It is possible to have ringworm without having the common
red ring of rash.

How is ringworm diagnosed?

A doctor can determine the presence of ringworm or of another skin disorder. He or she
will ask about possible exposure to people or animals with ringworm. The doctor might
take skin scrapings or samples from the infected area and look at them under a
microscope.

How is ringworm treated?

Treatment usually consists of antifungal medicines that are applied to the skin. Most
ringworm infections respond well to topical agents, including the following:

• Terbinafine (Lamisil)
• Miconazole (Micatin, Monistat-Derm)
• Clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex)

Prescription topical or oral medicines can be prescribed for more severe cases of
ringworm.

What are yeast infections?

Yeast infections of the skin are called cutaneous candidiasis. They occur when yeast on
the skin grows more actively and causes a red, scaling, itchy rash on the skin.

Yeast infections might affect nearly any skin surface on the body, but are most likely to
occur in warm, moist, creased areas including the armpits and the groin. Candida
infection is especially common among people who are obese or who have diabetes .

Candida can cause diaper rash in infants and can cause infections of the nail. Oral thrush
is a form of candida infection that is found in the mouth. Candida also causes vaginal
yeast infections
What causes yeast infections of the skin?

Yeast infections of the skin are caused by yeast-like fungi such as candida. Factors that
can make a person more likely to develop a yeast infection include:

• Antibiotic treatments
• Obesity
• Diabetes

What are the symptoms of yeast infections?

Signs of yeast infection in skin folds:

• Rash
• Patches that ooze clear fluid
• Pimples
• Itching or burning

Signs of yeast infection in the nail beds:

• Swelling
• Pain
• Pus
• White or yellow nail that separates from the nail bed

Signs of thrush (yeast infection of the mouth):

• White patches on tongue and inside of the cheeks

• Pain

Signs of vaginal yeast infection:

• White or yellow discharge from the vagina

• Itching
• Redness in the external area of the vagina
• Burning

How are yeast infections diagnosed?

In diagnosing a yeast infection, your doctor will need to take a medical history and do a
physical examination. Your doctor might scrape the skin to confirm the diagnosis under a
microscope.

How are yeast infections treated?

Yeast infection treatment depends on the specific kind of infection that is being treated.
Skin yeast infections are highly treatable with medicated ointments. Medicated
suppositories might be used to treat yeast infections in the vagina. Thrush might be
treated with a medicated mouthwash or lozenges that dissolve in the mouth. Severe
infections or infections in someone with a compromised immune system might be treated
with oral anti-yeast medicines.

In diagnosing a yeast infection, your doctor will need to take a medical history and do a
physical examination. Your doctor might scrape the skin to confirm the diagnosis under a
microscope.Yeast infection treatment depends on the specific kind of infection that is
being treated. Skin yeast infections are highly treatable with medicated ointments.
Medicated suppositories might be used to treat yeast infections in the vagina. Thrush
might be treated with a medicated mouthwash or lozenges that dissolve in the mouth.
Severe infections or infections in someone with a compromised immune system might be
treated with oral anti-yeast medicines.

Fungal Infection
Also known as: Athlete's Foot, Jock Itch, Body, Scalp & Beard Ringworm

What is it?
A fungal infection is caused by a type of fungus called a dermophyte that infects the top
layer of the skin, hair or nails. Fungal infections of the skin are known as ringworm
(tinea). There are many types of ringworm, including body ringworm (tinea corporis),
jock itch (tinea cruris), athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), scalp ringworm (tinea capitis), nail
ringworm (tinea unguium), and beard ringworm (tinea barbae), which is rare. In most
cases, these infections are not life threatening. However, they may lead to more serious
bacterial infections in the elderly and those who have conditions that affect the immune
system, such as AIDS.

Who gets it?

Anyone can get a fungal infection of the skin. However, jock itch is much more common
in males, and scalp ringworm is seen more often in children.

What causes it?

Fungal infections such as ringworm are caused by types of fungi that like warm, moist
areas of the skin, such as between the toes or fingers, in the groin, and on other parts of
the body where there are folds of skin. Ringworm is not caused by a worm. The fungus
can be carried by kittens and puppies, combs, brushes, pillows, hats, and towels, and is
found in areas that are warm and moist, such as locker rooms and showers.

What are the symptoms?

Ringworm of the body looks like a rash that forms one-half to one-inch, ring-shaped,
pink or red patches with a clear center. The rash may itch slightly. Jock itch appears
around the groin area (but not on the penis) and looks like a red, ring-like rash. Jock itch
can be extremely itchy and form small, painful blisters. Athlete’s foot appears between
the toes as a scaly, itchy rash. It can range from mild irritation to cracking and peeling,
making the skin quite sore and more susceptible to bacterial infection. Scalp ringworm
may cause round patches of hair loss, broken hair, and/or an itchy, scaly scalp. Scalp
ringworm is extremely contagious among children. Nail ringworm is more common on
the toenails than fingernails, and makes the nail appear thickened and dull. The infected
part of the nail may crumble away from the rest of the nail. Sometimes a fungal infection
on one part of the body can cause a rash on another part of the body, which is an allergic
reaction to the fungus.

How is it diagnosed?
To diagnose a fungal infection, your doctor will examine the affected area and can
usually make a diagnosis by appearance. However, he or she may take a sample of the
infected skin by swabbing it or scraping off a small piece to study under a microscope. A
simple, quick test can determine whether the infection is caused by a dermophyte.

What is the treatment?

Fungal infections are treated with an antifungal cream applied to the affected area as
directed by your doctor. It is important to keep the affected area clean and dry, and to
avoid scratching. Your doctor may recommend a mild hydrocortisone cream to help
relieve itching. Males with jock itch should wear loose fitting shorts and avoid using soap
on the rash, which may further irritate it. Scalp ringworm may be treated with an oral
antifungal medication, as well as a special shampoo. Scalp ringworm is no longer
contagious once treatment has begun. In most cases, fungal infections clear up after one
to four weeks of treatment, depending upon the location and severity. However, some
fungal infections, such as athlete’s foot, tend to occur repeatedly. Antibiotics may be
prescribed when a fungal infection progresses to a bacterial infection. An allergic reaction
to a fungus is usually relieved when the fungal infection is treated.

Self-care tips
You can help prevent ringworm by keeping the skin clean and dry, changing socks and
underwear each day, and wearing some type of sandal when in public showers or locker
rooms. Notify your doctor anytime a rash associated with a fungal infection becomes
crusty or oozes.