Assassination of Lincoln A History of the Great Conspiracy Trial of the Conspirators by a Military Commission And a review of the Trial

of John H. Surratt y T. M. Harris Late ri!adier"General #. S. $. and Ma%or General by revet A Member of the Commission General Harris&s boo' was published around ()*+. General Lew ,allace served on the same Military Commission as General Harris and his boo' en"Hur became a bloc'buster movie starrin! Charlton Heston. General ,allace&s boo' disappeared around the turn of the century tooCHA.T/0 1$222.

3L2GHT A45 CA.T#0/ 63 J6H4 H. S#00ATT. TH/ presence of John H. Surratt in ,ashin!ton City on the day of the assassination was proven before the Military Commission by a sin!le witness. This witness7 however7 was a man who was personally ac8uainted with him7 and who swore positively to havin! seen him on that day. His testimony was !iven about a month after the event7 and the circumstance was fresh in his memory. He stated the time of the day when7 and the place where7 he saw him9 described his dress7 the 'ind of hat he was wearin!7 etc.7 etc. He was clear in his statements7 could have had no motives for swearin! falsely7 and it is scarcely possible that he could have been mista'en. 3rom the description !iven by Ser!eant 5ye of the man who acted as monitor7 callin! the time three times in succession at short intervals7 the last time callin! :Ten minutes past ten7: in front of the theatre7 it will be remembered that the writer came to the conclusion that this was John H. Surratt. This conclusion was verified by this same witness on the trial of Surratt. Ser!eant 5ye had ta'en a seat on the platform in front of the theatre7 and %ust before the conclusion of the second act of the play had his attention arrested by an ele!antly"dressed man7 who came out of the vestibule7 and commenced to converse with a ruffianly"loo'in! fellow. Then another %oined them7 and the three conversed to!ether. The one who appeared to be the leader said7 :2 thin' he will come out now7: referrin!7 as the witness supposed7 to the .resident. The .resident&s carria!e stood near the platform on which the witness was sittin!7 and one of the three passed out as far as the curbstone and loo'ed into the carria!e. 2t would seem that they had anticipated the possibility of his departure at the close of the second act7 and had intended to assassinate him at the moment of his passin! out of the door. ;uite a crowd of people came out at the conclusion of the act7 and ooth and his companions stood near the door7 awaitin! the opportunity which they sou!ht. ,hen most of the crowd had returned into the theatre7 and the would"be assassins saw that the .resident would remain until the close of the play7 they then be!an to prepare for his assassination in the theatre. The writer concludes7 from a careful consideration of all the circumstances7 that this was a provisional arran!ement7 in case their plan to murder him at the door should fail. ooth and the ruffianly"loo'in! fellow 'ept their stations by the door7 to ma'e sure of not missin! the opportunity of which they had planned to avail themselves7 whilst the other stepped up and loo'ed at the cloc' in the vestibule7 and called the time. He then immediately wal'ed rapidly up the street. He returned in a few minutes7 and loo'in! at the cloc' a!ain called the time and a!ain wal'ed away rapidly up the street. $ery soon he returned a!ain7 and called the time louder than before7 :Ten minutes past ten- : and wal'in! rapidly away7 did not return. ooth had left the side of his companion before this lon! enou!h to !o into the saloon7 where he dran' a !lass of whis'ey7 and then7 as soon as the time had been called the third time7 went at once into the theatre7 and in less than ten minutes thereafter fired the fatal shot. 2t is evident that it had been arran!ed between ooth and .ayne that the assassination of Secretary Seward should be concurrent with that of .resident Lincoln9 and that a system of si!nals had been

arran!ed7 of which the man who called the time was actin! as monitor. The suspicions of Ser!eant 5ye havin! been aroused by the conduct of these three men7 he naturally scanned them very closely7 and testified that he had a !ood view7 not only of the person7 but of the face and features of the man who called the time7 and had his ima!e indelibly impressed on his memory. #pon bein! confronted by Surratt on his trial7 he unhesitatin!ly and positively declared that he was the man. 2n addition to 0eed and 5ye7 who testified before the Commission7 there were nine others who testified on the trial All of these persons7 e<cept four7 were personally ac8uainted with him7 and could not have been mista'en7 as they were able to !ive the time of day when7 and the place where7 they saw him7 as also7 in the case of most of them7 to describe his person7 dress7 hats moustache7 etc.7 etc.7 without any discrepancies in their testimony. The other four7 thou!h not ac8uainted with him7 identified him before the %ury7 more or less positively7 as the man they had seen. 2t is worthy of remar' that thou!h they all testified with more or less of particularity in their descriptions of his person7 his dress7 his hat7 his moustache7 and as to the time of day when7 and the place where7 they had seen him7 there was nothin! incon!ruous or contradictory in their testimony. 6ne witness7 a colored woman Susan Ann Jac'son7 who was in service at Mrs. Surratt&s at the time7 and had been for three or four wee's previous to the assassination7 testified that under the direction of Mrs. Surratt she had made tea for the prisoner after the family and boarders had left the table on the ni!ht of the assassination7 and that Mrs.. Surratt had said to her on that occasion7 :This is my son7: and had as'ed her if he did not loo' li'e Annie. She said this was the first and only time she had seen him until she met him on his trial7 and then she positively identified him as the man she had waited upon that ni!ht. The time was impressed on her memory by its bein! Good 3riday7 and the ni!ht of the assassination Several of the witnesses who testified to his presence in the city on that day also testified that they saw him in company with ooth7 and one7 at least7 with ooth and 6&Lau!hlin. Surratt himself told his old ac8uaintance7 St. Marie7 with whom he renewed- his ac8uaintanceship in the ran's of the .apal =ouaves at $elletri in 2taly7 that he left ,ashin!ton early on the mornin! of the (>th of April7 dis!uised as an /n!lish tourist9 and that he had a very hard time to ma'e his escape. As the trains leavin! ,ashin!ton for altimore on the mornin! of the (>th were thorou!hly scrutini?ed by the police before bein! permitted to leave7 it is uncertain whether Surratt&s dis!uise sufficed to !et him throu!h7 or whether he went a part or all of the way to altimore on horsebac'. There was some evidence on his trial tendin! to the conclusion that he had escaped from the city on horsebac'. The ne<t place we !et trac' of him in his fli!ht is at the railroad depot at urlin!ton7 $t.7on the early mornin! of the ()th of April. Here he turns up with a rou!h"loo'in! man7 no doubt the ruffianly"loo'in! fellow who was seen with him and ooth in front of the theatre on the ni!ht of the assassination. They had crossed La'e Champlain on a boat that ran from ,hite Hall to 0ouse&s .oint7 on the ni!ht of the (@th7 and landed at urlin!ton7 in order to ta'e the train to Montreal. This was the first trip the boat had made that season7 and it was four hours late in reachin! urlin!ton7 arrivin! there about midni!ht. They had to wait for the mornin! train7 which was due at four o&cloc' A.M. of the ()th. They re8uested permission to sleep at the depot7 and the ni!ht watchman allowed them to sleep on the benches. He awa'ened them in time for the train7 and after dayli!ht7 when sweepin! the floor7 he found a hand'erchief under the bench where the taller of the two had slept7 and upon e<aminin! it after it was fairly li!ht found it mar'ed7 :J. H. Surratt A.: At /sse< Junction7 where they chan!ed trains for St. Albans7 these two travelers made the chan!e7 and were found by the conductor on his passin! throu!h the train standin! on the platform outside. He as'ed them for their fare7 and was told that they had no money. Surratt did all the tal'in!. He represented that they were laborin! men7 had been at wor' in 4ew Bor'7 and had been unfortunate and lost their money. He said they were now ma'in! their way bac' to Canada7 and were ready to promise that if he would carry them throu!h they would send him the fare as soon as they reached their friends. The conductor reminded them of the necessity of havin! money if they would travel. Surratt dis!uised his speech7 tryin! to use the dialect of a Canadian9 but when he became e<cited

from fear of bein! put off the train he for!ot his Cannuc'7 and tal'ed in !ood s8uare /n!lish. The conductor also noticed that his hands were not those of a laborin! man7 and so concluded that the men were travelin! inco!nito. This was on the early mornin! of the ()th of April. They arrived at St. Albans for brea'fast. At the table they found everybody e<cited7 and upon Surratt&s in8uirin! what it meant7 his ne<t nei!hbor at the table7 an old !entleman7 informed him that the .resident had been assassinated7 to which Surratt replied that :The news was too !ood to be true.: The old !entleman then handed him a paper7 and on loo'in! it over he saw his own name !iven as one of the assassins. He dropped the paper7 and found that he did not want any more brea'fast. 6n passin! out into the ne<t room7 he heard some one say that Surratt must be in town7 or had passed throu!h7 as his hand'erchief had been found in the street9 when7 upon feelin! for his hand'erchief7 he found that he had lost it. They then left the place as 8uic'ly as possible7 narrowly escapin! arrest. He understood that his hand'erchief had been pic'ed up in the street of St. Albans7 and no doubt7 in the e<citement7 the news had ta'en that shape7 but7 as we have seen7 he lost it at urlin!ton depot7 and so the news must have been tele!raphed to St. Albans. 2t is not 'nown how they traveled from St. Albans to Montreal7 but it is most probable that they wal'ed across the country. ,e find Surratt&s name on the hotel re!ister at Montreal7 where he arrived at about two o&cloc' on the ()th April7 he havin! been absent from that place from the (Ath. This had been to him an eventful wee'7 full of difficulties and ha?ards9 but he may now feel safe7 as he has reached the abode of the chief conspirators7 his employers7 and is ready to claim his reward. He can feel that he is in the midst of sympathi?in! friends. ut7 alas- a criminal can never feel safe. An an!ry God is ever on the trac' of the !uilty conscience. As it was with the first murderer7 so it must be with every murderer7Ca fu!itive and a va!abond he is compelled to be. He had hardly recorded his name on the hotel re!ister when he was informed that detectives were on the loo'"out for him7 and he was at once spirited away to the house of a Mr. .orterfield. This man was a Southerner7 who belon!ed to Thompson&s cabal7 but who had ab%ured his alle!iance to his country and ta'en the oath of alle!iance to the ;ueen of /n!land7 and had thus become a ritish sub%ect. He 'new all about the conspiracy7 and the means that had been employed to carry it into effect9 and was waitin! and watchin! an<iously for the return of his co" conspirators that had been sent to ,ashin!ton on their mission of assassinations. He at once too' Surratt into his house7 and 'ept him secreted there for several days. 3indin! the detectives who were in pursuit of the fu!itive vi!ilant and determined in their search7 .orterfield became fearful that he could not 'eep his char!e concealed7 and so made arran!ements to !et him into a place of !reater security. At this point we meet with a new element amon!st the Canada conspirators7 vi?.7 the 0oman Catholic priesthood. .orterfield had arran!ed with 3ather oucher to ta'e his char!e in custody7 and 'eep him concealed. This 3ather was rector of the parish of St. Liboire7 a newly"settled place7 about forty"five miles from MontrealCan out"of"the"way place7 and so a !ood place in which to hide him away. The arran!ements had been made in advance with this 3ather to ta'e char!e of Surratt7 and 'eep him secreted at his house. He was conveyed there by one Joseph 3. 5u Tilley7 who seems to have been priest oucher&s ri!ht hand man. The strata!em to !et him away from Montreal was as followsD two carria!es drove up in front of .orterfield&s house late in the afternoon7 when two persons7 dressed as nearly as possible ali'e7 went out to!ether9 one of these !ot into one of the carria!es7 and the other into the other7 when they drove away in different directions. 3ather oucher appeared at the trial of Surratt as a voluntary witness for the defense7 and without any apparent sense of shame convicted himself7 by his own testimony7 of bein! an accomplice after the fact. ,e thin' that the testimony he !ave warrants the conclusion7 also7 that another priest7 3ather La .ierre7 placed himself in the same cate!ory. oth of these 3athers too' Surratt into their houses7 and 'ept him concealed7Cthe first for three7 and the latter for two months7C'nowin! him to be char!ed with bein! a conspirator to the assassination of the .resident of the #nited States. 3ather oucher&s parish bein! in an out"of"the"way country place7 it was only necessary that he should constantly e<ercise a prudent vi!ilance in behalf of his char!e. He was visited fre8uently by his friends whilst stayin! with oucher9 at one time three or four of these came to!ether7 and

stayed three or four days with him. The time was spent in huntin!7 sportin!7 and revelry. 2t was very remar'able7 however7 that 3ather oucher could not remember the names of any of these friends. ein! a volunteer witness for the defense7 he could not !ive their names without implicatin! persons whom he did not desire to compromise9 hence7 no doubt7 his convenient Jesuitical failure of memory. .erhaps he could not have !iven their names without in%ury to the cause he desired to help. He could only say that some of their names were /n!lish names7 usin! the word /n!lish in contra distinction from 3rench or 3rench"Canadian7 in which sense it implied not really /n!lish7 but American7C everly Tuc'er for instance7 perhaps .orterfield7 and li'ely7 also7 La .ierre. As two of these7 everly Tuc'er and La .ierre7 alon! with oucher7 accompanied Surratt from Montreal to ;uebec7 and did not leave him until they had seen him safe on board the ocean steamer7 :.eruvian7: when he finally was sent to /urope7 it would seem hi!hly probable that we have ri!htly surmised who were his visitors on the occasion referred to. Surratt was not 'ept in close confinement by 3ather oucher7 but his safety from discovery and arrest was loo'ed after with cunnin! vi!ilance. At len!th the time came when it was thou!ht safe and advisable to transfer the fu!itive bac' to Montreal. This was effected as secretly as had been his removal from that place to the parish of St. Liboire. 3ather La .ierre now too' him in char!e. He had provided for him a secluded upstairs room at his father&s house7 ri!ht under he shadow of the bishop&s window. This 3ather had been a visitor of Surratt at the lonely parish of St. Liboire7 and now too' him under his especial protection. He 'ept him concealed7 and never allowed him to !o out until after ni!htfall7 and then never alone7 but always accompanied him. La .ierre thus 'ept his char!e safely from the latter part of July until the >th of September7 ()E>. 5urin! all of this time he was visited re!ularly twice a wee'7 on Mondays and Thursdays7 by 3ather oucher7 who always remained over ni!ht with him at each visit. How can we account for this !reat interest ta'en by these two priests in secretin! the murderer of the head of the !reatest nation on earth7 and that with a full 'nowled!e that he stood char!ed with this crime7 and that a !reat reward was offered for his apprehensionF How can we consider them less !uilty7 in a moral point of view7 than Surratt himself F ut at len!th a time came when it was thou!ht safe and advisable to send him abroad. /arly in September 3ather La .ierre sou!ht an interview with 5r. Lewis J. A. McMillen7 sur!eon on board the ocean steamer :.eruvian7: which was to sail on the (Eth of that month from ;uebec for Liverpool7 and made arran!ements to put in his care for the passa!e a friend of his by the name of McCarthy7 who7 for certain reasons7 desired to embar' secretly on the voya!e. The doctor too' a steamer at Montreal7 on the (>th7 to %oin his ship7 which was to sail on the followin! day. oucher and La .ierre conveyed Surratt in a covered carria!e7 and went with him on board the same steamer on which the doctor had ta'en passa!e. La .ierre was in dis!uise7 inasmuch as he was dressed in citi?en&s dress. They had also dis!uised Surratt by colorin! his hair7 paintin! his face7 and puttin! spectacles over his eyes. 6n the passa!e from Montreal to ;uebec7 they 'ept him loc'ed up in the state"room occupied %ointly by him and 3ather La .ierre. ,hen they reached ;uebec and went on board the transport that was to convey them to the ocean steamer :.eruvian7: in which they were to sail7 the doctor was there introduced to everly Tuc'er7 who had also felt enou!h of interest in Surratt&s case to induce him to accompany him from Montreal to ;uebec7 and who stood in that relation to his case in the 'nowled!e of 3athers La .ierre and oucher that they could safely ta'e him into their confidence in their plans for conveyin! Surratt out of the country. This trio saw Surratt safely on board the :.eruvian7: and then bade him !ood" by. The interest thus manifested by Tuc'er in !ettin! Surratt safely away confirms the testimony !iven before the Military Commission7 showin! him to have been %ustly char!ed by the !overnment with bein! a member of the !reat conspiracy. efore partin! from his char!e 3ather La .ierre re8uested 5r. McMillen to let Surratt stay in his room until after the vessel should have sailed. Surratt is not an innocent man carryin! a !ood consciences that enables him to loo' every man he meets s8uarely in the face. He is a fu!itive and a va!abond7 carryin! the wei!ht of a terrible crime in his memoryCa wei!ht that neither time nor distance can efface. He is haunted by his

fears7 havin! before him the vision of a detective and of capture9 and so he s'ul's and hides from the phantom of an American detective which he cannot banish from his mind. The vessel bein! now on her way7 and in ritish waters7" the fu!itive ventured forth7 and naturally sou!ht the company of the sur!eon of the vessel in whose care he had been placed7 and whom he re!arded as his friend. His social nature yearned for companionship7 and all the more as a means of relief from a !uilty conscience. 5oes he now en%oy a sense of securityF To him this is impossible. He scanned closely every passen!er he met7 that phantom of a detective bein! ever present to his ima!ination. He sees a !entleman whom he ta'es to be an American. He see's his friend McMillen7 and discloses to him his fears7 sayin!D :2 thin' that man is an American detective.: #pon bein! as'ed by the doctor what he had done that he should be afraid of a detective7 he repliedD :2f you 'new all the thin!s 2 have done7 it would ma'e you stare.: Murder is a crime that will out. 2t imposes a wei!ht of !uilt upon the conscience that will7 at some un!uarded moment7 let the fearful secret slip throu!h the door of the lips that are most firmly closed by a purpose of concealment. The doctor reassured him7 by remindin! him that he was on board a ritish ship sailin! on ritish waters7 and that he had nothin! to fear from an American detective. Surratt then drew a small four"barreled revolver from his vest poc'et7 and remar'edD : 2 don&t care9 this will settle him.: The doctor now be!an to feel a !reat interest in his char!e7 arisin! from the suspicion that he was John H. Surratt. The voya!e across the Atlantic occupied nine or ten days. The fu!itive was so full of his terrible secret that he could not 'eep 8uiet. /very day he sou!ht opportunities to converse with the doctor privately7 and at every interview the history of his crimes 'ept lea'in! out. He was nervous7 and constantly haunted by his fears9 so that he could never hear any one comin! up behind him without startin! and loo'in! around. Amon!st his important revelations to the doctor were the followin!D that he had for a considerable time previously to the assassination been a bearer of dispatches from 0ichmond to the Confederate a!ents in Canada9 that he had at one time carried to them from 0ichmond thirty thousand dollars7 and at another time seventy thousand dollars9 that he arrived in Montreal the last time on the Eth of April7 with dispatches from 5avis and en%amin7 thus confirmin! the testimony of Conover and Merritt before the Military Commission. These dispatches he claimed to have delivered to Thompson. After the military trial7 and previous to the trial of Surratt7 the witness7 Conover7 had been convicted of per%ury9 but this does not discredit the testimony he !ave before the Commission7 as it was confirmed by other witnesses who"stand unimpeached7 and is here also confirmed by Surratt himself in re!ard to one of its most important points. 2t will be remembered that Conover testified to havin! been present at a meetin! of the Canada conspirators in Montreal7 on the Eth of April7 ()E>7 and that John H. Surratt7 who was present7 had %ust arrived from 0ichmond7 brin!in! a cipher dispatch from Jefferson 5avis7 and also a dispatch from his Secretary of State7 en%amin7 and that Thompson7 layin! his hand on these dispatches7 saidD :This ma'es the thin! all ri!ht:9 and that active measures were at once entered upon for puttin! the assassination plot into effect. 4ow Surratt comes to McMillen five months later7 on the face of the broad Atlantic7 and confirms Conover&s testimony in its ma%or part. He also related to the doctor the particulars of his trip to 0ichmond late in March7 ()E>7 when he was accompanied by a woman7 who by other testimony was shown to have been Mrs. Slater7 alias rown7 the rebel spy and bloc'ade runner. The arran!ement was made whilst he was in Canada for him to meet her in 4ew Bor' and accompany her to 0ichmond7 which he did7 passin! throu!h ,ashin!ton. 2n this statement the testimony of ,iechmann is confirmed. Surratt related to the doctor the difficulty they had in crossin! the .otomac. They were hailed by a !un"boat7 and called upon to surrender. They said they would do so7 but waited for the small boat that had been sent to brin! them in to come alon!side7 when they suddenly arose7 poured a volley into the crew of the small boat7 and then7 in the confusion that ensued7 made their escape. There were twelve or fifteen crossin! with him at the time7 and all were armed with revolvers. Havin! !otten within the Confederate lines south of 3rederic'sbur!7 they were bein! pushed alon! by 4e!roes on a hand"car when they met five or si< forlorn7 half"starved #nion soldiers7 who had made their escape from a rebel prison and were stri'in! for freedom. At the su!!estion of this wic'ed woman they shot them down7 and passed on7 leavin! them lyin! on the !round.

He also related to the doctor the plot7 at one time discussed7 to capture the .resident and carry him to 0ichmond7 but said it was found to be impracticable7 and so was abandoned. He claimed that ooth and himself had spent ten thousand dollars in preparations for carryin! out their plot. ,hen we remember that neither ooth nor Surratt had any means of their own7 and yet were carryin! on an enterprise that called for so lar!e an outlay of money7 we may well as' who stood behind them and furnished the fundsF ut if we ta'e all of the testimony we have before us into consideration we need have no difficulty in answerin! this 8uestion. Jacob Thompson was the treasurer of the concern7 and his !overnment 'ept him amply supplied with means. 2t will be remembered that Clay said7 :,e have plenty of money to pay for anythin! that is worth payin! for.: After the assassination Surratt was in some way supplied with money to support him for a year7 and carry him to 2taly. 2n re!ard to the assassination7 Surratt told McMillen that he received a letter from ooth at Montreal7 in the be!innin! of the wee' of the assassination7 which was written in 4ew Bor'7 callin! him to ,ashin!ton at once7 as it had become necessary to chan!e their plans and to act 8uic'ly. He started at once7 and tele!raphed ooth at 4ew Bor' City from /lmira7 but found that he had already !one to ,ashin!ton. 2n re!ard to his escape from ,ashin!ton after the assassination7 he related all of the incidents that have already been !iven in re!ard to his e<perience at St. Albans7 the loss of his hand'erchief7 his hasty departure from that place7 etc.7 etc. /very day durin! the voya!e7 he was fillin! McMillen&s ears with these stories7 and as they neared the end of the voya!e he be!an to revolve in his mind whether he would land on the 2rish coast or !o on to Liverpool. He as'ed McMillen which he had better do7 but McMillen7 who must have 'nown by this time who this McCarthy was7 declined to !ive him any advice. Surratt finally said he would !o on to Liverpool7 but could not dismiss from his mind the fear that he mi!ht there meet a detective awaitin! his arrival. .ullin! out his revolver7 he said7 :2f he did7 this would settle him.: #pon McMillen ma'in! the reply that : they would ma'e short wor' of it with him in /n!land if he should do such a thin! as that7: he said7 :2t is for that very reason 2 would do it7 for 2 would rather be hun! by an /n!lish than a Ban'ee han!man7 and 2 'now 2 would be hun! should 2 be ta'en bac' to the #nited States.: #pon si!htin! the coast of 2reland he e<claimed7 :Here is a forei!n country at last- 2 only wish that 2 may live two years to !o bac' to the #nited States and serve Andy Johnson as we served Lincoln.: ,hen the :.eruvian : was about to land her passen!ers and mail at an 2rish port7 Surratt sent for McMillen7 and upon the latter e<pressin! surprise at findin! him dressed7 and prepared to land7 sayin! that :he thou!ht he had concluded to !o on with them to Liverpool7: Surratt replied7 :that he had thou!ht the matter over carefully7 and had concluded that it would be safer for him to land there7 as it was then nearly midni!ht.: McMillen then said to him7 :Bou have been tellin! me a !reat many thin!s7 and 2 have come to the conclusion that the name by which you were introduced to me is not your true name. ,ill you be 'ind enou!h to tell me who you areF: The fu!itive then whispered in his ear7 :2 am Surratt.: He then as'ed the doctor to send for the bar'eeper7 and before leavin! the ship dran' so freely of brandy that the doctor found it necessary to re8uest the chief officer at the !an!way to ta'e him by the arm and see him safely on shore. 6n the ,ednesday followin!7 Surratt called on the doctor at his boardin! house in ir'enhead7 opposite the city of Liverpool7 and re8uested him to !o over with him to the city to find a house to which he had been directed to !o. The doctor had7 on the previous day Gwhich was the day after the :.eruvian : had landed in LiverpoolH7 visited the $ice"Consul of the #nited States7 Mr. ,ildin!s7 and made a sworn statement of the facts that Surratt had revealed to him7 his purpose bein! to aid the #nited States in securin! his arrest. He told the $ice"Consul that he was only ma'in! a partial statement of Surratt&s confessions durin! the voya!e7 deemin! it only important that the !overnment should be informed of Surratt&s arrival in Liverpool. The doctor testified7 on Surratt&s trial7 that Mr. ,ildin! told him that he had been informed by Mr. Adams7 the American Minister at London7 that the !overnment was not !oin! to prosecute Surratt9 that it hadn&t anythin! a!ainst him.6f all this Surratt was i!norant7 and the doctor went with him7 as re8uested7 across the river from ir'enhead to Liverpool7 and findin! a cab7 !ave the driver

directions where to ta'e him7 and then parted from him. Surratt visited him a!ain before the doctor started on the return voya!e7 and re8uested him to see a party in Montreal7 and brin! him some money. The doctor did as re8uested7 but the person on whom he was re8uested to call said he had no money for him. The rebellion had collapsed9 the plot had failed of its purpose7 as it had also failed in part of its fulfillment9 and now Surratt was to suffer the fate of HyamsCbe sha'en off and disowned. 6n the doctor&s return to Liverpool Surratt called on him7 but only to learn that there was no money for him. This was the last time that McMillen saw him until he saw him on his trial. Surratt is ne<t found in 2taly7 in the army of the .ope7 where he had enlisted as a soldier in the ninth company of =ouaves about the middle of April7 ()EE. He had found friends after his escape from ,ashin!ton7 who had supported him7 'ept him secreted7 watched over his safety7 planned his trip from Montreal to 2taly7 and furnished him money for the e<penses of his %ourney9 friends who7 no doubt7 were accomplices before7 as well as after7 the fact7 for we find them waitin! and watchin! for his return to Montreal after the assassination7 and ready to hurry him off into seclusion. He was to them a stran!er9 only 'nown to them as a fu!itive from his country7 char!ed with the hi!hest crime that a man could commit7Ca blow at the nation&s life7 by murderin! the nation&s head7Ca crime a!ainst liberty and humanity. These could not have been his friends for mere personal reasons7 but from sympathy in the !eneral purpose of this !reat crime7Cthe subversion of our free institutions. Certainly he may now feel safe7 bein! hid away under the alias of ,atson7 in the ran's of the .apal =ouaves7 in the town of $elletri7 in 2taly7 forty miles from 0ome. ut no- Here he meets Henry en%amin St. Marie7 an old ac8uaintance of his7 and now a fellow"soldier in his company . About the ()th or (*th of June7 ()EE7 durin! an afternoon&s wal'7 he7 in his confidences with his old ac8uaintance7 tells of the events of the (>th of April7 ()E>7 and of the difficulty he had in ma'in! his escape from ,ashin!ton on the mornin! of the (>th. He said he left dis!uised as an /n!lish traveler and succeeded in ma'in! his way out. The American Consul was informed of his whereabouts7 and upon the matter bein! brou!ht to the notice of the .ope throu!h Cardinal Antonelli7 an order was issued for his arrest and delivery to the #nited States authorities. He was thus arrested by his comrades in the service7 and 'ept under !uard7 but succeeded in ma'in! his escape from his !uards Gif we may believe the storyH7 by ma'in! a bold dash down a precipice7 at the ris' of his life. Havin! thus escaped he made his way to 4aples7 and thence to Ale<andria7 in /!ypt. ,hat must have been his surprise on reachin! the latter place to find an officer awaitin! his arrival7 and ready to ma'e him a prisoner. He was put in chains7 placed on board the #nited States man"of"war ship :Swatara7: and brou!ht bac' to ,ashin!ton7 where he was held to answer for his crime. ac' to Main Menu