Aspirants Times Magazine Vol.3 - JUNE 2009

India’s largest Online Community for IAS, Civil Services Aspirants.
Vol.3 JUNE 2009 | Free
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presents
Aspirants Times India’s First Digital Magazine for IAS Aspirants around
IFS Exam Special

All About Articles
Indian Forest -15th Lok Sabha Election
Services (IFS) - Impact of Terrorism
- Liberation Tigers of
Exam 2009 Tamil Eelam Discomfited
- Wildlife Conservation
HOT TOPICS in India
- Law Commission
Recommendation (Hindi)
(Exclusive Interview) - Annual Performance - Mahila Arakshan
UPSC Topper Assessment Report
Mayank Pandey - Sports and Awards
Special Study material of Current Affairs

and General Studies for IAS Mains Exam
Copyright © 2009 WWW.UPSCPORTAL.COM
1
“ Thank you for the overwhelming support for Aspirants Times Vol.1 & Vol.2
Digital Magazine. We are working hard to bring you the best possible... ”
Founder, UPSCPORTAL.COM
2
INDEX
Editorial
• Inspiration is the way to Success..................................................................03
SECTION - 1: Civil Service Exam Strategy

• IFS Examination Strategy ............................................................................05
• 15th Lok Sabha Election...................................................................................11
• Impact of Terrorism.........................................................................................17
• LTTE Discomfited............................................................................................24
• Wildlife Conservation in India........................................................................31
• Hindi Article ( )...............................................................39
SECTION - 2: Hot Topics

• Law Commission Recommendation............................................................47
• Assessment Report (Performance Index For Civil Servants).................... 50
SECTION - 3: Interview
• An Exclusive Interview With Mayank Pandey............................................52
SECTION -4: Current Relevant Facts

• Important Current Affairs ..................................................................55
SECTION - 5: SPORTS...............................................................................68
SECTION - 6: AWARDS ............................................................................74
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Editorial
Inspiration is the way to success...
Now third volume of Aspirants Times is with you. Through your continuous support and
encouragement, we are in position to provide all important and useful materials for forthcoming
examination of civil services, state level civil services and other high level exams held by UPSC and
state PSC. In the very first vol ume of As pi rant Ti m
e s, we pr ovi ded you m
a t erial rel at ed to Ge ne ral
Studies 2009, strategy for Civil Services Prelims and covered many important topics for IAS main
exam. Similarly in Second issue, we provided you strategy for Indian Engineering Services(IES) and
articles, notes for UPSC mains exam. In this issue, we are providing you strategy and introduction for
another coveted exam- Indian Forest Service(IFS). With this issue, you will also find suf ficient
material for Civil Services Main Exam 2009. As always we have presented Columns, National,
International, Sports, Awards, Personalities and Important events, in very lucid manner. For UPSC
Main Exam 2009, articles on Impact of Terrorism on Social, Economic and legal structure on the
Countries, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam-Discomfited End of Te r ror , Wildlife Con-
servation in India. Hindi article on Women Reservation and Women’s Empowerment is in-
cluded. Under the Hot Topics, Law Commission recommendation, Three Regional Benches Need
of Time, Annual Performance Assessment Report, New performance index for civil servants have
been covered.
Editor’s Talk to Readers:
Inspiration always plays an important role in success. As MAYANK PANDEY(IAS Topper) told
to UPSCPORTAL.COM that always believe in yourself and be confident , commi tme nt and cons is-
tency is the mantra of success.
In this volume, you will find int ervi ew of M

A YANK PANDE Y, w h o got 170t h pos ition in Ci vi l
Services Examination 2008. He also cleared JRF twice, Bihar PCS(J)-40thrank, UP PCS(J)-20th rank.
I want to tell one and most important thing to our readers that providing every fact and every news is
not useful for examination. Crucial is to decide useful topics for exam and then serve them in the way
that your mind could grasps them easily and memorise it for long period. Here we are trying our best
in this front.
We wish to your success in forthcoming examinations. Meet you in july issue.
Thanks.
Editor: R.K.Pandey
and UPSCPORTAL Team
4
SECTION - 1 (Article: IFS Exam Strategy)
followed by specialised orientation for the Forest

Indian Forest Services Service at the Indira Gandhi National Forest Acad-
emy, Dehradun. After training candidates are
Make a Good Strategy and Enjoy the posted as the assistant conservator, district con-
Forest servator, chief conservator, principal conservator,
and the inspector general of forests. The senior
By R. K. Pandey most post is that of the Environment Secretary in
Indian Forest Service (IFS) offers a highly chal- the Union Government. The number of vacancies
lenging and rewarding career like IAS and IPS. It to be filled on the resul ts of the 2009 exami na tion
is also counted among prestigious and powerful is expected to be approximately 75.
services where you can play larger role in the in-
terest of people, environment and country. The Plan of the Examination
maintenance of the natural resources of the coun-
try is very essential for a balanced all round de- 1. The examination comprises: Written Exami-
velopment of the country. Maintenance of forests nation in compulsory and optional subjects. Total
is so important for maintaining the ecological marks of exam is 1400.
balance that the Indian Forest Service has been
set up for this very purpose. They play very cru- 2. Interview for Personality Test of such candi-
cial role in the management and supervision of dates as may be called by the Commission.
the country’s forest reserves and wild life.
Compulsory:
IFS is also an All India service like IAS and IPS. (1) General English and (2) General Knowledge
The Indian Forest Service was created in 1966 for (300 marks each).
protection, conservation and regeneration of for-
est resources. Being an All India Service, the mem- Optional:
bers are recruited by the union level but their ser- Any two of the following subjects:
vices are put under the various State cadres, with (1) Agriculture, (2) Botany, (3) Chemistry, (4) Civil
the privilege of serving both under the state gov- Engineering, (5) Geology, (6) Agricultural Engi-
ernment and under the Central government. For neering, (7) Chemical Engineering, (8) Mathemat-
the recruiting officers of Indi an For es t Servi ce, ics, (9) Mechanical Engineering, (10) Physics (11)
the UPSC conducts the Indian Forest Service Exam Zoology, (12) Statistics, (13) Forestry and (14)
every year. The exam generally held in the month Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science (200
of July. The examination for 2009 is going to be marks each).
held on July 11. The pattern of exam is similar to
that of civil services but there are some differ- Provided that the candidates will not be allowed
ences as there is no preliminary test, so selection to offer the following combination of subjects:-
is done in two phases. Selected candidates are sent (a) Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering
for foundation training at the Lal Bahadur Shastri (b) Agriculture and Animal Husbandry and Vet-
National Academy of Administration, which is erinary Science.
(c) Chemistry and Chemical Engg.
5
(d) Mathematics and Statistics. merit list. The objective of personality test is to
(e) Of the Engineering subjects viz. Agricultural judge the suitability of candidates as officers of
Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engi- Indian Forest Service. The candidates will be in-
neering and Mechanical Engineering - not more terviewed by a Board of competent and unbiased
than one subject. observers who will have before them a record of
this career. The object of the interview is to as-
There are conventional (Essay) type questions in sess the personal suitability of the candidate for
all the subjects of the Examination. The standard the Service. The candidate will be expected to have
of question papers in general English and general taken an intelligent interest not only in his/her
is expected of a Science/Engineering graduate of subjects of academic study but also in events which
an Indian University. The standard of papers in are happening around him both within and out-
other subjects will be approximately that of side his own State or country, as well as in mod-
Bachelor's degree of an Indian University. There ern currents of thoughts and in new discoveries
will be no practical examination in any of the sub- which should rouse the curiosity of well-educated
jects. All Question Papers must be answered in youth. The technique of the interview is not that
English. Question Papers will be set in English of a strict cross examination, but of a natural,
only. The duration of each of the papers referred though directed and purposive conversation, in-
to above will be three hours. tended to reveal mental qualities of the candidate.
The Board will pay special attention to assessing
Number of Questions: Total number of questions the intellectual curiosity, critical powers of ob-
in the optional papers of optional subjects is eight. servation and assimilation, balance of judgment
All questions carry equal marks. Each paper will and alertness of mind, initiative, tact, capacity for
be divided into two parts, viz. Part A and Part B, leadership; the ability for social cohesion, mental
each part containing four questions. Out of eight and physical energy and powers of practical ap-
questions, five ques tions are to be at temp t ed. O
ne plication; integrity of character; and other quali-
question in each part will be compulsory. Candi- ties such as topographical sense, love for out-door
dates will be required to answer three more ques- life and the desire to explore unknown and out of
tions out of the remaining six questions, taking at way places.
least one question from each Part. In this way, at
least two questions will be attempted from each The candidates appearing in the interview may
Part i.e. one compulsory question plus one more. expect some questions on current affairs, forest
related issues, Indian Polity, Planning Process,
Interview: Budgeting and Economic Geography. The person-
The written examination is followed by a Person- ality test also aims at testing leadership qualities,
ality Test in the form of personal interview. The mental alertness, initiative, balance of judgement,
maximum marks for interview is 300. The inter- analytical capabilities etc.
views are held by the UPSC soon after the result
of written test is declared. The marks obtained in Number of Attempts:
the interview are added to the marks obtained by Every candidate appearing at the Examination,
a candidate in the written test to draw up the final who is otherwise eligible, shall be permitted four
6
attempts at the examination. The restriction is ef- vided that a candidate belonging to categories (b),
fective from the examination held in 1984. Pro- (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favour a
vided that this restriction on the number of at- certificat e of el igi bi lity ha s been issued by the
tempts will not apply in the case of Scheduled Government of India.
Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates who are
otherwise eligible. Provided further that the num- A candidate in whose case a certificat e of el igi -
ber of attempts permissible to candidates belong- bility is necessary, may be admitted to the exami-
ing to Other Backward Classes, who are other- nation but the offer of appointment may be given
wise eligible shall be seven. A candidate shall be only after the necessary eligibility certificat e ha s
deemed to have made an attempt at the examina- been issued to him by the Government of India.
tion if he actually appears in any one or more pa-
pers. Notwithstanding the disqualification/ cancel - Age Limits:
lation of candidature the fact of appearance of the (a) A candidate must have attained the age of 21
candidate at the examination will count as an at- years and must not have attained the age of 30
tempt. years on 1st July, 2009, i.e. he must have been
born not earlier than 2nd July, 1979 and not later
Training: than 1st July, 1988.
Selected candidates are sent for foundation train- (b) The upper age limit prescribed above will be
ing at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy, relaxable :–
which is followed by specialised orientation in (i) upto a maximum of five years if a candi dat e
Forest Service at the Indira Gandhi National For- belongs to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe.
est Academy, Dehradun with inputs on wildlife (ii) upto a maximum of three years in the case of
management, tribal welfare, soil conservation, candidates belonging to Other Backward Classes
forest management, engineering survey, weapon who are eligible to avail of reservation applicable
handling etc. to such candidates.
Eligibility (iii) upto a maximum of five years if a candi dat e

Nationality: had ordinarily been domiciled in the State of
A candidate must be either :- Jammu & Kashmir during the period from the 1st
(a) A citizen of India, or January, 1980 to the 31st day of December, 1989.
(b) a subject of Nepal, or
(c) a subject of Bhutan, or (iv) upto a maximum of three years in the case of
(d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India be- Defence Services personnel disabled in operations
fore 1st January, 1962 with the intention of per- during hostilities with any foreign country or in a
manently settling in India. or (e) a person of In- disturbed area and released as a consequence
dian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, thereof:
Burma, Srilanka, East African countries of Kenya,
Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zam- (v) upto a maximum of five years in the case of
bia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with ex-servicemen including Commissioned Offic-
the intention of permanently settling in India. Pro- ers and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least
7
five years M
i litary Servi ce as on 1s t Jul y, 2009 and ha ve been rel eased (i) on comp l et ion of assign-
ment (including those whose assignment is due to be completed within one year from 1st July, 2009)
otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or ineffici enc y, or (ii) on
account of physical disability attributable to Military Service, or (iii) on invalidment.
(vi) Upto a maximum of five years in the case of ECOs /SSCOs w h o ha ve comp l et ed an ini tial period
of assignment of five years of M i litary Servi ce as on 1s t Jul y, 2009 and w h os e assignme nt ha s been
extended beyond five years and in w h os e case the Mi ni stry of De f ence issues a certificate t hat they can
apply for civil employment and that they will be released on three month's notice on selection from
the date of receipt of offer of appointment.
(vii) upto a maximum of 10 years in the case of blind, deaf-mute and Orthopaedically handicapped
persons.
Minimum Educational Qualificat i ons :

The candidate must hold a Bachelor’s degree with at least one of the subjects namely Animal Hus-
bandry & Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Geology, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics and Zo-
ology or a Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture, Forestry or in Engineering of any of Universities incor-
porated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions estab-
lished by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University Under Section 3 of the
University Grants Commission Act, 1956, or possess an equivalent qualificat ion.
Examination Centre
AGARTALA BAREILLY DEHRADUN

GANGTOK JAMMU LUCKNOW
PANAJI (GOA) SAMBALPUR TIRUPATI
AHMEDABAD BHOPAL DELHI
HYDERABAD JORHAT MADURAI
PATNA SHILLONG UDAIPUR
AIZAWL CHANDIGARH DHARWAD
IMPHAL KOCHI MUMBAI
PORT BLAIR SHIMLA VISHAKHAPATNAM
ALLAHABAD CHENNAI DISPUR
ITANAGAR KOHIMA NAGPUR
RAIPUR SRINAGAR
BANGALORE CUTTACK
JAIPUR KOLKATA
RANCHI THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
8
Jawaharlal • Nehru and Rabindranath Tagore

How to Prepare Compulsory Papers
• Statistics and General Mathematics Ability
General English:-
Candidates will be required to write an essay in It is essential to read one national newspaper,
English. Other questions will be designed to test magazines like Frontline, Mainstream, EPW and
their understanding of English and workmanlike any monthly competitive magazine to get mas-
use of words. Passages will usually be set for sum- tery over General Studies. At the time of studying
mary or precis. The standard of papers in General the round up of national and international affairs,
English is such as may be expected of a Science or efforts should not be merely taking up the infor-
Engineering graduate of an Indian University. mation but also to understand the issues involved.
General Knowledge Go into the background of events.
General Knowledge including knowledge of cur-
rent events and of such matters of every day ob- For History: NCERT books of class XI and XII,
servation and experience in their scientific aspects Wonder that was India by AL Basham, History of
as may be expected of an educated person who has India Vol- 1 and 2, Freedom Struggle by Bipan
not made a special study of any scientific subj ect . Chandra
The paper will also include questions on Indian
Polity including the political system and the Con- For Geography: Class XII books of Geography
stitution of India, History of India and Geography (NCERT), a good Atlas.
of a nature which the candidate should be able to
answer without special study. The standard of Indian Polity: Introduction to the Indian Con-
papers in General Knowledge will be such as may stitution by DD Basu and Our Parliament by
be expected of a Science or Engineering graduate Subhash Kashyap
of an Indian University. Indian Economy: NCERT and other books on Evo-
lution of the Indian Economy and Indian Economy
Suggested Readings by Dutta Sunderam
The following topics must be covered for General Science: NCERT books on science, a
General Studies:- science magazine or newspaper supplements on
science.
• Current Affiars Na t iona l and Int ernat iona l Current Events: A national newspaper, A Com-
• Indian Polity petitive Magazine.
• Indian Economy
General Mental Ability: Do the Quantitative
• Geography of India Aptitude published in magazines, past years test
• Science and Technology papers. A practice in writing is required to at-
• History of India and Freedom Movement tempt the paper timely and perfectly. You should
not be only informative but analysis the topic. You
• Study of thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi, must carefully read the questions in order to make
9
out what the examiner is asking. Having done that, it is important to organise your thoughts before
writing and the sequence of the answer should be from the most important/potent aspect to less
important aspects.
Be Carefull
» All Question Papers must be Answered in English. Question Papers will be set in
English only.
» The duration of each of the papers referred to above will be three hours.
Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances, will they be
allowed the help of a scribe to write the answers for them.
» The Commission have discretion to fix qual ifyi ng m

a rks in any or al l the subj ect s of
the examination.
» If a candidate’s handwriting is not easily legible, a deduction will be made on this

account from the total marks otherwise accruing to him/her.
» Marks will not be allotted for mere superfici al knowl edge.
» Credit will be given for orderly, effective and exact expression combined with due
economy of words in all subjects of the examination.
» In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used.
» Candidates should use only International form of Indian numerals (i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6 etc.)
while answering question papers.
» Candidates will be allowed the use of Scientific (No n- Pr ogramma bl e type) Ca l cul a-
tors at the conventional (Essay) type examination of UPSC. Programmable type Calcula-
tors will however not be allowed and the use of such calculators shall tantamount to
resorting to unfair means by the candidates. Loaning or interchanging of calculators in
the Examination Hall is not permitted.
This Article is Available Online Also:-

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/article/IFS-Exam-Strategy
10
SECTION - 1 (Article: 15th Lok Sabha Election)
15th Loksabha Election Historic win : In recent past, no single party

crossed the number 200, so winning 2006 seats
Coalition Government Formed with by Congress on its own makes a historic victory.
New Hope and Ambition When we observe situation immediate before
voting, we find tha t the re w
e re m
a ny cha l lenges
By R. K. Pandey before congress. Congress picked up an alliance
The result of 15th Lok Sabha was declared on May on the eve of the election in West Bengal. But
17, 2009. Actual result was very different from two of the participating parties, the RJD and LJSP,
all predictions and exit poll. It proved all survey parted on the issue of seat-shares in Bihar. The
false and unrealistic. The UPA’s tally reached 262 Samajwadi Party in UP, which had joined the coa-
seats, with the Congress itself accounting for 206 lition late on the crucial issue of the Indo-Ameri-
of them. There is huge gap between it and its near- can nuclear power deal to save the coalition from
est rival, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led Na- collapse, also separated on the same issue. Mem-
tional Democratic Alliance (NDA). The NDA got bers of the Bihar party pleaded that they remained
only 157 seats, with the BJP’s own score being committed to the UPA and continued to be in the
116. The non-Congress, non-BJP formation was Ministry.
reduced to 72. The Fourth Front, which sought to
develop a separate political identity in order to If Verdict 2009 were to be summed up in a short
enhance its bargaining power with the Congress phrase, this is it. Large sections of the electorate
and the UPA in a post-poll situation, was also across the country voted to bring back the regime
brought down, to just 27 seats. Obviously, this of the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance
result went contrary to the perceptions that held (UPA) and brought it within striking distance of
sway among the political class and observers the simple-majority mark of 272. Though the num-
throughout the election process. bers thrown up by the results would, technically,
imply a hung Parliament, there is little doubt
The main perception was about a hopelessly hung about the mandate given to the Manmohan Singh
Parliament. Even the Congress, which now bask- led government to run its course for five years,
ing in the glory of a spectacular victory, had shared without too many pressures and problems from
this view and gone about looking for new allies smaller parties and allies. The message was very
for a post-poll scenario. That search had even taken clear, that role of regional and smaller parties in
it to the Nitish Kumar-led Janata Dal (United), the 15th Lok Sabha, and through it in the forma-
which has been a consistent partner in the NDA tion of the new government was minimised. The
for the past decade and a half. Midway through verdict was such that the UPA had the opportu-
the process, Sharad Pawar, UPA Minister and nity to form the government by choosing its al-
president of the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), lies at its own will and convenience and, at a pinch,
made bold to predict that the Congress would get even with the support of independents who do not
150 to 160 seats and that the UPA would have to have specific pol itical af filiati ons .
take the support of the Left parties to form the
government. Winning Factors: The primary factor was the
11
view among large sections of the electorate that on Sonia Gandhi and Manmohan Singh by Modi
only the Congress can provide a stable, secular and other leaders also boomeranged.
government. The second factor relates to the track
record of the Manmohan Singh government, par- As a result, the larger Congress win was on nega-
ticularly its social sector initiatives such as the tive vote more than on positive vote. A reason
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme why the party is strongly focusing on the person-
(NREGS) and the bank loan waiver. The third cru- ality of Rahul Gandhi is just that. Sonia Gandhi,
cial factor was the shift of the Muslim vote to- Rahul Gandhi and even Priyanka Vadra have been
wards the Congress in the Hindi heartland in gen- played up much by the national media as well.
eral and in Uttar Pradesh in particular. That the There is heavy investment in propping up the dy-
election issues highlighted by the NDA, such as nasty and strengthening the case for dynastic suc-
internal security and the bringing back of black cession. It is difficul t to judge how m
u ch cont ri-
money from Swiss banks, failed to generate popu- bution has really been made by these and other
lar appeal was also a factor. The internal security personalities to the Congress victory. The image
plank fell flat becaus e the earlier NDA regi m es of the Congress party with very limited talent has
had also witnessed several internal security chal- been strengthened by the outcome of this elec-
lenges that were not countered properly, such as tion. There is no doubt that the BJP has proved
the attack on the Parliament House and the incompetent in focusing on more real issues and
Kandahar hĳack. The leadershi p provi ded by Soni a wasting much less energy in negative campaign-
Gandhi to the Congress and the UPA as a whole ing. Its dividend from a socially divisive agenda
was also a factor that raised the UPA’s prospects. cannot go up any further. And its loss from di-
minishing return has given that bit of extra mile-
The Rahul Gandhi effect supplemented this, espe- age to the Congress. It should not be ignored that
cially in Uttar Pradesh. Finally, the presence of these two parties are pursuing a common agenda
several regional spoilers, who took the form of of promoting a two-party system in which they
new political parties and essentially weakened the should be the two poles. The negative campaign-
adversaries of the UPA, also helped produce this ing of the BJP has served that objective well.
verdict. The BJP campaign for the elections was
particularly non-productive. The party sent mixed Facts on 15th Loksahba Election
signals even on its leadership by projecting Gujarat
Chief Minister Narendra Modi as a potential Prime » The highest number of candidates that an EVM
Minister midway through the elections. This can support is 64 and if the number exceeds this,
caused great humiliation even to Lal Krishna the commission will have to use manual ballot
Advani. The manner in which Advani condoned for elections.
Varun Gandhi’s communal utterances in Pilibhit
also did not go down well with the electorate. The » The EVMs are designed by Electronics Corpo-
open tussle between party president Rajnath Singh ration of India Ltd. and Bharat Electronics Ltd.
and general secretary Arun Jaitley over the EVMs were first us ed in Indi a 1989- 90 in 16 as-
organisational preparations for the elections in sembly constituencies in three states. Kerala was
Assam and some of the caustic comments made
12
the first stat e. Shashtra Seema Bal was deployed along the Indo-
Nepal border in Uttar Pradesh during the Lok
» The Government spends Rs. 10 crore approxi- Sabha elections.
mately on conducting a Lok Sabha election.
» Photo electoral roll was used in 522 Parlia- » Danseuse Mallika Sarabhai, who was contest-
mentary seats in 2009 elections. ing as an Independent from the Gandhinagar Lok
» The number of electorate in 2009 general elec- Sabha seat, had challenged her opponent
tions was 71.377 crore with an increase of 4.3 L.K.Advani to a public debate on his achieve-
crore from the 2004 general elections. ments.
» Total number of candidates was 8070. General Elections in India

The Constitution of India came into force on Janu-
» 7514 was male candidates: while number of ary 26, 1950. The first gene ral , el ect ions under
female candidates was 556. the new Constitution were held during the year
» Percentage of female candidates was 6.9 % of 1951-52 and the first el ected Pa rliame nt came int o
total candidates. being in April, 1952, the Second Lok Sabha in
» The number of polling stations were 8,34,944 April,1957, the Third Lok Sabha in April,1962,
in 2009. the Fourth Lok Sabha in March, 1967, the Fifth
There were 2046 observers and 1.4 lakh micro- Lok Sabha in March, 1971, the Sixth Lok Sabha in
observers in 2009. March, 1977, the Seventh Lok Sabha in Janu-
ary,1980, the Eighth Lok Sabha in December, 1984,
» The total number of polling staffs was 46.9 lakh.
» Total number of Booth Level Officers (BLO) the Ninth Lok Sabha in December, 1989, the Tenth
was 8.34 lakh. Lok Sabha in June, 1991, the Eleventh Lok Sabha
in May, 1996, the Twelfth Lok Sabha in March,
» Highest number of candidates was 43 in Chennai 1998, the Thirteenth Lok Sabha in October, 1999,
the Fourteenth Lok Sabha in May, 2004 and the
South, Tamil Nadu while lowest number of can-
Fifteenth Lok Sabha in May, 2009.
didates was 3 in Nagaland.
» Highest polling station was AuleyPhu in Leh. New Government: Dr Manmohan Singh was
It was setup at an altitude of 15,300ft. sworn in as the Prime Minister of India for the
second consecutive term along with his 19 Cabi-
» Number of seats in the Lok Sabha (lower house net colleagues at a simple and brief function at
of Parliament): 545 (of which two are appointed the Rashtrapati Bhavan on May 22. Thus he be-
by the President) Moni Kumar Subba, the Con- come the first pr im e mi ni ster sinc e Jawa ha rlal
gress candidate for the Tezpur LS seat, was the Nehru in 1961 to be elected to another five year
richest candidate in the poll fray in Assam. He term after completing his first Jawa ha rlal N e hr u
has declared assets worth Rs 60 crore. was re-elected in 1962. There were four new faces
in the first edi tion of the Un i on Ca bi ne t . Al l the
» For the first time , a wo me n bat tal ion of the others were in the outgoing Cabinet. All but two
13
were from the Congress party. Shri Sharad Pawar : Minister of Agriculture,
Food & Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs &
Among the new entrants in the Cabinet were Public Distribution
Mamata Banerjee, the Trinamool Congress leader
who trounced the Communists in West Bengal, Shri A. K. Antony : Minister of Defence
Rajasthan Congress unit president CP Joshi, Con-
gress general secretary M Veerappa Moily, and Shri P. Chidambaram : Minister of Home Af-
former Karnataka chief minister S M Krishna. The fairs
new Cabinet of the Congress-led UPA Govern-
ment is a mix of the old and the new, reflect ing Kum. Mamata Banerjee : Minister of Rail-
Manmohan Singh’s experience and the youthful- ways
ness. Agatha Sangma, the daughter of former Lok
Sabha Speaker P A Sangma, is the youngest min- Shri S. M. Krishna : Minister of External Af-
ister in the Manmohan Singh cabinet at the age of fairs
28 years. Jitin Prasada of Congress, who was the
minister of state for steel, was the youngest min- Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad : Minister of Health
ister in the previous UPA government at 35 years and Family Welfare
of age.
Shri Sushil Kumar Shinde : Minister of Power
Shri M. Veerappa Moily : Minister of Law

and Justice
Shri S. Jaipal Reddy : Minister of Urban De-

velopment
Shri Kamal Nath : Minister of Road Transport

and Highways
Shri Vayalar Ravi : Minister of Overseas In-

dian Affairs
Smt. Meira Kumar : Minister of Water Re-

sources
Council of Ministers
Shri Murli Deora : Minister of Petroleum and
Dr Manmohan Singh : Prime Minister Natural Gas
Shri Pranab Mukherjee : Minister of Finance Shri Kapil Sibal : Minister of Human Resource
Development
14
Smt. Ambika Soni : Minister of Information tice and Empowerment

and Broadcasting
Shri Kantilal Bhuria : Minister of Tribal Af-
Shri B. K. Handique : Minister of Mines : Min- fairs
ister of Development of North Eastern Region
Shri M. K. Alagiri : Minister of Chemicals
Shri Anand Sharma : Minister of Commerce and Fertilizers
and Industry
Shri A Raja : Minister of Communications and
Shri Virbhadra Singh : Minister of Steel Information Technology
Shri Vilasrao Deshmukh : Minister of Heavy Lok Sabha

Industries and Public Enterprises
Lok Sabha is composed of representative of the
Shri C. P. Joshi : Minister of Rural Develop- people chosen by direct election on the basis of
ment : Minister of Panchayati Raj adult suffrage. The qualifying age for member-
ship of Lok Sabha is 25 years. The Lok Sabha at
Kum. Selja : Minister of Housing and Urban present consists of 545 members including the
Poverty Alleviation & Minister of Tourism Speaker and two nominated members. Lok Sabha,
unless sooner dissolved, continues for five years
Shri Subodh Kant Sahay : Minister of Food from the date appointed for its first m e et ing and
Processing Industries the expiration of the period of five years operat es
as dissolution of the House.
Dr. M. S. Gill : Minister of Youth Affairs and
Sports However, while a Proclamation of Emergency is
in operation, this period may be extended by Par-
Shri G. K. Vasan : Minister of Shipping liament by law for a period not exceeding one year
at a time and not extending, in any case, beyond a
Shri Dayanidhi Maran : Minister of Textiles period of six months after the proclamation has
ceased to operate. The maximum strength of the
Dr. Farooq Abdullah : Minister of New and House envisaged by the Constitution is 552, upto
Renewable Energy 530 members to represent the States, up to 20
members to represent the Union Territories and
Shri Mallikarjun Kharge : Minister of Labour not more than two members of the Anglo-Indian
and Employment Community to be nominated by the President, if,
in his opinion, that community is not adequately
Shri Pawan K. Bansal : Minister of Parlia- represented in the House.
mentary Affairs
The total elective membership is distributed
Shri Mukul Wasnik : Minister of Social Jus- among the States in such a way that the ratio be-
15
tween the number of seats allotted to each State and the population of the State is, so far as practicable,
the same for all States. An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries has been carried
out by the Delimitation Commission based on the Indian census of 2001. The number is divided
among the 28 States and the 7 Union Territories as follows:-
Seats in States and Union Territories
» Uttar Pradesh - 80 » Jammu & Kashmir - 6

» Maharashtra - 48 » Uttarakhand - 5
» Andhra Pradesh - 42 » Himachal Pradesh - 4
» West Bengal - 42 » Arunachal Pradesh - 2
» Bihar - 40 » Goa - 2
» Tamil Nadu –39 » Manipur - 2
» Madhya Pradesh - 29 » Meghalaya - 2
» Karnataka - 28 » Sikkim - 1
» Gujarat - 26 » Mizoram - 1
» Rajasthan - 25 » Nagaland - 1
» Orissa - 21 » Tripura - 2
» Kerala - 20 » Andaman & Nicobar Islands - 1
» Jharkhand - 14 » Chandigarh - 1
» Assam -14 » Dadra & Nagar Haveli - 1
» Punjab - 13 » Daman & Diu - 1
» Chhattisgarh - 11 » Lakshadweep - 1
» Haryana - 10 » Pondicherry -1
» Delhi - 7
Anglo-lndians (if nominated 2 by the President under Article 331 of the
Constitution)

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/article/15th-Loksabha-Election
16
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17
SECTION - 1 (Article: Impact of Terrorism)
Impact of Terrorism
On Social, Economic And Legal
Structure of The Countries
Obstacle to Global Peace It is vital tool for our law enforcement as a van-
guard of terror act attempted by any individual or
Dr. Arvind shukla group within our jurisdiction. So from law en-
Sr. lecturer, Invertis Institute Of manage-
forcement perspective the law is vital to stop a
ment Studies, Bareilly. would-be criminal (s) from attempting to com-
mit crime of terrorism which used to be absent in
The term "terrorism" since the 1970s was directed Indonesia for several years.
to various phenomenon, starting from fearsome
threats Until today the world under UN has failed From a perspective of motives of terrorist acts
to come to an agreement about what is an accept- are recognized as follows: publicizing a statement
able defini tion for terror ism. It is still under de- through acts of ruthlessness. In that way they can
bate despite attempts made by many experts. The make fast and massive publication; act of ven-
effort to approach terrorism from a defini tiona l geance towards groups considered disadvanta-
perspective has thus become a never-ending ef- geous to them; serving as a catalyst for militari-
fort, let alone conform the defini tion itsel f. zation or mass mobilization; spreading hatred and
inter-communal conflict ; announc i ng a certai n
So many defini tions of terror ism ha ve been at - group as the enemy and should be held respon-
tempted, but I am not going to discuss the diver- sible; victims are not the goal but a means to cre-
sities of terrorism defini tion. W
h a t I int end to ate "neural war"; create mass panic, damage pub-
discuss here is that for the purpose of enforcing lic trust towards the government including secu-
the law against the act of terror, Indonesia has rity and law enforcement authorities.
enacted a law on terror in its Act number 15 and
16, 2003 which goes as follows: Whereas the justificat ions of terror ism taken on
by terrorists including: justifying all means for
"Every person deliberately uses violence or the accomplishment of transcendental goals; ex-
threatens to use violence causing terror or treme violence considered to be therapeutic, full
wide fear against person or causing massive of blessings and regenerative; the executor places
victims, by taking others' freedom or the loss himself/herself as part of history, where the act is
of life, property of others, or causing dam- a consequential element of history under the per-
age and destruction against vital and/ or spective of moral balance (a deserved treatment);
strategic installations or environment or pub- the act of terrorism perceived as a minor crime;
lic facility or international facility, shall be many among them even take this act insignificant
penalized with a death penalty or life im- in comparison to the enemy's posing threat that
prisonment or at least four years imprison-
suppresses them structurally; Let us now look at
ment and maximum 20 years imprisonment.
"
how terrorism has developed and its trend these
days.
18
Trends of Terrorism:- humanitarian. The iron fist appr oach al one w i ll

Terrorism is a global crime. It has become the not succeed. Terrorist will often have the advan-
predominant geopolitical theme. The affairs of the tage over the law enforcer in the sense that he/
world are influenc ed in im p or tant areas by the she is able to decide when and where he/she will
terrorist agenda. The thinking of policy makers strike, and how hard he/ she will strike. Law en-
and law enforcers is shaped increasingly by the forcement, on the other hand, has to maintain con-
need to respond appropriately to the threat of ter- stant vigilance. That is not easy at a time when
rorism. Terrorism represents a challenge not just commercial airlines can be used as flyi ng bomb s ,
to the bases of civilized society, but also to the and when terrorist strategy is planned by internet,
very foundations of the world order. Terrorism mobile phone, satellite and coded messages on
activities threaten fundamental nations' law and websites.
order, human rights and it is the enemy of man-
kind. Terrorism, in one form or another, has been The threats we face from terrorism are constantly
around for a long time, and there is no realistic changing in all sorts of ways. Just when progress
prospect of its becoming extinct in the foresee- is being made against a terrorist group, splinter-
able future. All of those concerned with the effec- ing often occurs, and hardliners break away and
tive combat of terrorism must be prepared for the form splinter groups committed to the campaign
long haul. There is no simple solution to terror- of violence. It is feared that weapons of mass de-
ism. struction previously controlled by governments
can now be purchased on the black market. It is
Terrorism is fuelled by various factors. These in- said that not only the weapons but also the scien-
clude the openness of free societies, the easy ac- tists with the knowledge of how to make them
cess to technologies by means of violence and a are available if the price is right. And financ e m ay
radical and global ideology of hatred. Conflict s be the key. Terrorists, like more conventional
in some countries particularly in the Middle East criminals, need access to adequate funds in order
have inevitably formed a global issue and soli- to fina nc e the i r act ivi ties . W
e apons , commu ni -
darity among terrorists. This global issue has be- cation systems and transport all come at a price,
come a unifying factor to share the sufferings and as does training.
establish a sense of togetherness based on religious
brotherhood among the believers to resist against Terrorism seeks power through violence, and
the oppressor. money is a means to achieve that. Terrorism needs
access to international payment systems in order
Terrorism will remain a menace as long as there to fina nc e and sus tai n its camp ai gns . Te rror ists,
are people who are driven by fanaticism, para- like organized criminals, make active use of credit
noia and extremism. So long as there exists in the card fraud and check fraud. This is why vigorous
world poverty, strife, injustice and oppression, identification che cks regi m e m u s t be exerci sed on
conditions will exist which terrorists can turn to potential customers by credit card companies. The
their advantage. No doubt that the campaign loopholes are in the area of money laundering leg-
against terrorism is one that must be mounted at islation that must be closed.
various levels, including political, economic, and Terrorism as it was define d a sys tema t ic us e of
19
violence or the threat of violence to achieve po- or no by standards. Another form of global ter-
litical, social or economic goals. Terrorism uses rorism is sponsored terrorism, which is operated
extreme physical violence to shock the targeted from safe areas in another country, which are out
audience. The psychological impact generated in of reach of the counter insurgency forces of the
the mind of people as a natural corollary of that targeted country.
matters more to the terrorists than the physical
attack on the victims (Cline, Ray S, 1998). There cannot be any single cause of terrorism.
Causes of terrorism may range from socio-eco-
Terrorism is as old as the civilization of mankind nomic and political conditions to theories based
itself and has existed in all ages in some form or on the personality and environment of the terror-
other which might be known anarchists, revolu- ist. Terrorism is motivated by a variety of inner
tionaries, fundamentalist or dissidents against the drives ranging from fina nc i al gai ns to revenge,
established authority or even ruling tyrants hav- from fundamentalism to deprivation, political
ing no tolerance or dissent. However, terrorism frustration, regional disparities, marginalization
was not as widespread phenomenon as it is today of sub-national groups, extremism, despair, injus-
in contemporary political system of the world. tice, discrimination, resentment against the ex-
isting regime, feeling of insignificanc e, int erven-
Terrorism has, in fact, become a global phenom- tion into personal freedom, weak government,
enon with increasing and rather well identifiabl e separatism and oppression, inequality etc.
links between different terrorist group and orga-
nization. They use each other's areas for recruit- Terrorism produces harmful effects in several
ment and training, exchange of illegal weapons, ways. The consequences of terrorism can be di-
engage in joint planning and ventures and also sastrous for all countries, both rich and poor, and
provide administrative and other logistic support. their people. The normal social life gets totally
This type of terrorist activities show a new di- disturbed and a large number of innocent lives go
mension due to circumstances characterized by in vein. Fear and terror haunt everybody and the
the advancement of science, technology and di- productivity of people is miserably stalled. Ev-
verse social, economic, political and historical erything may come to a halt and the dream of lead-
reasons conditioning it. ing a life of happiness and peace is shattered. Eco-
nomic and social development of the society cease
The development of computer science, satellite to uncertainly. Almost all become paralyzed amid
and mobile links have also affected the modern- terrorist incidents.
ization of terrorist activities. This further facili-
tated by support of states/ governments unfavor- Terrorism breaks down the social, economic po-
able to each other. An element of international litical and legal structures of the affected coun-
terrorism comes into the picture when specific tries and the entire process of development stops.
persons of the nation are designed as targets by Socio-cultural mosaic goes to rack and ruin, and
the members of another group outside that nation. the economy of the country suddenly becomes a
It is, therefore, described as warfare without ter- shamble. The rule of law and human rights
ritory. It is warfare without neutrals and with few crumble and people suffer terribly. For develop-
20
ing countries, terrorism is fatal to their develop- against their public order and institutions that
ment planning because they can hardly withstand protect the liberty and security of their citizens
the violent assaults of terrorism; their longing for but, also at the same time as a serious danger to
a better and brighter future goes up in smoke. peaceful international relations and cooperation,
Moreover, terrorism not only weakens the estab- which is clearly understood as encompassing hu-
lished political authority but also brings about man rights and values as well as the principles of
political instability. In that situation the mainte- equal rights and self determination of people. It
nance of the rule of law and human rights become is, therefore, that the transnational character of
almost impossible. contemporary terrorist events has prompted in-
ternational efforts to suppress them at the global
Terrorism idealizes violence, does away with mo- regional and bilateral levels.
rality, distorts politics, promotes totalitarianism,
subverts progress, destroys the apparatus of free- Suggestions for stemming the growth of
dom in democratic societies. In fact, it destroys transnational crime
the will of a civilized society to defend itself. It
appears that everything the mankind strives for The answer seems to be intensifying law enforce-
collapses like a house of cards. As a matter of ment, more vigilance along borders, depriving the
fact, terrorism is war against civilization. criminals of their profits, assisting poor count ries
with their efforts at strict law enforcement by way
Today, terrorism poses a great threat not just to of providing training to their law enforcement
human life, human rights, dignity and democratic officers, pr ovi di ng ne ces sary technol ogy, ha rmo -
values but to very existence of a civilized life. If nizing laws, sharing information, concluding in-
the present trend continues, human civilization ternational agreements to facilitate co-operation
itself will be a casualty. That is why Jerusalem and co-ordination in law enforcement and more
Conference on International Terrorism held in importantly, political will and commitment.
1979 declared that ‘terrorism is a serious and
growing threat to the people of all states which Profits gene rat ed by or gani zed crim e far exceed
live under the rule of law, that it is no longer a those that legitimate business enterprises could
national problem, but a global one; that it cannot make. The incentive for organized crime, whether
be constrained, and eliminated, except by con- local or transnational, is profit. If organi zed crim e
certed international action; and that the case for syndicates can be deprived of their profits, the y
such action is overwhelming and urgent’. will cease their activities – altogether. It will
(Jonathan Institute, 1979) therefore be worthwhile to examine and explore
the ways and means of depriving them of their
Prevention and Control Strategies:- profits. The mo s t ef fect ive w
a y to do thi s is con-
In this age of increasing globalization and inter- fiscat ion of the pr oceeds of such illegal act ivi ty
dependence, the national and international dimen- by judicial means or with suffici ent saf eguards ,
sion of terrorism in fact, constitutes two facets of by administrative means.
the same social phenomenon which infringes upon
the interest of all states, not only as an assault A sine qua non in this direction is effective mu-
21
tual legal assistance in the investigation and pros- iii. Protocol against trafficki ng in Fi rearms and
ecution.
iv. Protocol against Corruption
It has been found that certainty of detection and
effective and expeditious disposal of cases is a Combating terrorism at regional level is becom-
deterrent to would be criminals. At present extra- ing effective and popular. The external support is
dition procedures take a long time. Simplified ex- often found in every operation of terrorist acts in
tradition procedures will go a long way in expe- any part of the world whether in the context of
ditious disposal of cases. inter-connection between a group and its rival
group, a group and its enemy state, or a state and
The international community responded to the its unfriendly state. It is here that regional coop-
phenomenal growth of transnational organized eration can be an effective instrument for the sup-
crime by signing in the year 2000, the UN Con- pression to terrorism. In Europe, besides their
vention against Transnational Organized Crime. individual national legal and institutional mea-
By the end of 72 hours 124 countries have signed sures, a historic convention known as the “Euro-
the Convention. This is an indication of the enor- pean Convention on the Suppression of Terror-
mity of the problem transnational crime poses to ism, 1977” was signed and ratified. “Sout h As ia
the world. Countries also recognized the importance of com-
bating terrorism at regional level and conse-
Success of the struggle against transnational or- quently, signed a Convention titled the “Conven-
ganized crime lies in the answers to the six points tion on Suppression of Terrorism, 1987” and rati-
set out above. fied it.
The most significant step in the di rect ion of the Similarly, in view of the complexity and prob-
prevention of transnational organized crime is the lems of terrorism some bilateral and multilateral
adoption of the UN Convention against agreements between groups of countries have also
Transnational Organized Crime. It has obligated been concluded. And many countries have extra-
states to act despite constraints of bank secrecy dition treaties between them.
and also to extend co-operation in confiscating and
seizing of assets obtained through corruption and At the international level, response and coopera-
transferred to different jurisdictions. tion against international terrorism has been in-
voked many a time, and a variety of measures and
The following four protocols add muscle counter-measures have been designed for check-
to the convention, namely, ing the menace of terrorism. Concerned by the
increase of terrorist acts, the United Nations Gen-
i. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Traf- eral Assembly in 1972 established a 35-member
o me n and Chi l- ad hoc Committee on International Terrorism, and
ficki ng in Pe rsons , speci al ly W
dren. in 1977 asked it to study the underlying causes of
terrorism and recommend ways to combat ter-
ii. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants rorism. In 1979, the Assembly stressed the im-
22
portance of International cooperation for dealing tions and Associated Personnel in 1994, and In-
with the acts of international terrorism. Adopt- ternational Convention for the Suppression of
ing the report of the Committee, it condemned all Terrorist Bombings in 1997.’
acts of international terrorism that endangered or
took human lives or jeopardized fundamental free- Despite all these Conventions adopted and rati-
doms. fied, decl arat ions ma de, and res ol ut ions passed
against international terrorism within the UN
In 1994, the General Assembly adopted a Decla- system outside, terrorism has become a ubiqui-
ration on Measures to Eliminate international Ter- tous phenomenon in the contemporary interna-
rorism, which condemned all acts and practices tional affairs, and continues to grow. Every state
of terrorism as criminal and unjustifiabl e, wh e r- is supposed to refrain from organizing, instigat-
ever and whomever they were committed. States ing assisting or participating in acts of civil strife
were urged to take measures at the national and on terrorist acts in another state or involved in
international levels to eliminate international ter- organized activities within its territory directed
rorism. towards the commission of such acts as well as
prosecuting and punishing the perpetrators of ter-
Important international Conventions on terrorism rorist acts. A concerted action has to be initiated
are the Convention on Offences and Certain Other and sustained by all States whether they are af-
Acts Committed on Board Aircraft (Tokyo, 1963), fected or not in collaboration and co-operation
the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful with each other with strong determination and
Seizure of Aircraft (The Hague, 1970); the Con- will to root out terrorism altogether from the
vention for the Suppression of Unlawful Act world.
against the Safety of Civil Aviation (Montreal,
1971); the Convention on the Prevention and Pun- Of course, mutual agreement at the international,
ishment of Crimes against Internationally Pro- and regional levels have consolidated and
tected Persons, including diplomatic Agents (New strengthened co-operation between the countries
York, 1973); the Convention on the Physical Pro- in the fight agai ns t terror ism. H
a rd line pol ici es
tection of Nuclear Material (Vienna, 1980); the against terrorism adopted by some countries have
Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of achieved success in this regard. But, it seems that
Violence at Airports Serving International Civil combating of terrorist activities in a significant
Aviation (Montreal, 1988); the Convention for the proportion will be possible only if terrorism is
Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety condemned and fought universally, unequivocally
of Fixed Platforms located on the Continental Shelf and effectively, by all the countries in the world.
(Rome, 1988) and the Convention on the Marking
of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection Conclusion:-
(Montreal, 1991). Terrorism has no respect for national boundaries,
and the problem-taking place in any part of the
The UN General Assembly also adopted the Con- world today will sure enough to become the prob-
vention against the Taking of Hostages in 1979 lem of all tomorrow. Terrorism is a monster like
and the Convention on the Safety of United Na- Frankenstein’s creation that is too horrible and
23
dangerous. It is even a threat to those countries

that create or promote it. Therefore, terrorism is
a phenomenon which must be condemned, fought,
resisted, controlled and, eventually, eliminated at (IMP) Get UPSCPORTAL ,
all levels-national, regional and international. Jobs, Results, Notification
Conditions necessary for wiping out terrorism Alerts on Email.
must, accordingly, be cultivated and strengthened
nationally, regionally and internationally, and uni- Step-1: Fill Your Email address
laterally, bilaterally or multilaterally. in form below. you will get a
confirmation email within 10 min.
Terrorist acts confronted by a state cannot be
eliminated by the affected States alone because of Step-2: Varify your email by
the international linkage of the terrorist groups. clicking on the link in the
It is, therefore, clear that all the nations must form email. (check Inbox and Spam
a common front to fight terror ism. If the m u ch folders)
needed spirit of international cooperation in the
required degree is not properly established, the Step-3: Done! you will recieve
world would become a dangerous place to live. It
is for this reason that one nation’s peace and secu-
rity will be determined by the success of all na-
tions’ response to any kind of terrorism particu-
larly for international terrorism.

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/article/Imapct-Of-Terrorism
24
SECTION - 1 (Article: LTTE Discomfited)
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Tiger rebels when President Mahinda Rajapaksa

Eelam Discomfited told the country that the war is over. On the
ground, the rebels have admitted that their 25-
year struggle for a Tamil homeland has reached
End of Terror But Political Steps To-
"its bitter end". However, the victory has come at
wards Effective Devolution Needed
a high price in terms of civilian life and damage
By Dr. Divya to Colombo's international reputation. According
Author is an expert and analyst of social and to UN figur es , an es tim a t ed 7, 000 et hni c Ta mi l
political issues civilians were killed between 20 January, when a
military offensive pushed back the rebels into a
Founder and chief of Liberation Tigers of Tamil tiny enclave in the north-east, and 7 May. Al-
Eelam(LTTE) Velupillai Prabakaran was shot though the military largely blocked the world's
dead by the Sri Lanka Army on May 18,2009 at media from covering the carnage in the so-called
Mullivaikkal in Mullaithivu district in northern no-fire zone , some TV im a ges ha ve conveyed part
Sri Lanka. The 37-year-old quest of the LTTE has of the horror, showing civilians making a desper-
ended with the death of its all in all Prabakaran. ate break across a lagoon to escape the last strip
He was 54 years old. His elder son Charles of land controlled by the rebels.
Antony, and also the entire top leadership of the
LTTE, including the LTTE’s intelligence chief, Doctors have recounted the cries of the wounded
Pottu Amman, and the Sea Tigers chief, Soosai, at a makeshift hospital that they had to abandon
were killed after being encircled by the Sri Lankan because of continual artillery shelling – bombard-
armed forces. ments denied by the Sri Lankan military. UN of-
fici al s and huma n right s groups ha ve been horri-
Until the last, Prabakaran, a ruthless and dreaded fied at the di sregard for ci vi lians on bot h sides ,
terrorist yet ironically remaining an inspirational particularly in the fina l stages of the conflict.
symbol to thousands of Sri Lankan Tamils, re- Despite pleas from the US president, Barack
mained uncompromising on his goal of armed Obama, and the UN secretary-general, Ban Ki-
struggle, a struggle that despite its lofty claims Moon, Colombo has zealously pursued its objec-
had often manifested in ruthless violence even tive of wiping out the separatist Liberation Ti-
directed at fellow Tamils. Yet in the early 1980s, gers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) once and for all.
Prabakaran had indeed appeared eager to be seen
as a revolutionary fight er, in the m o ul d of he roi c For Rajapaksa, military victory is the climax of
figur es of legendary revol ut ions . Pr abakaran, w ho his election campaign in November 2005, when
had little patience for the sophistry of political he ruled out autonomy for Tamils – a harbinger
negotiations, made a virtue out of his sole reli- of the military option. Rajapaksa has been able to
ance on violence and armed struggle. dress up the offensive as part of the global fight
against terrorism. There is little sympathy for the
Crisis of Human Rights:- Tigers. A ruthless group, listed as a terrorist
Thousands of Sri Lankans celebrated their organisation by both the US and the EU, the Ti-
government's military victory over the Tamil gers pioneered suicide attacks, carried out assas-
25
sinations and stand accused of using civilians in the war zone as human shields and shooting those
who tried to flee.
However, such tactics provide no excuse for the Sri Lankan government's blatant disregard for the
plight of civilians. While many Tamils are appalled by the Tigers' tactics, they also harbour deep
grievances about their treatment by the Sinhalese majority. Analysts claim the government's conduct
has hardened an already humiliated Tamil diaspora, storing trouble for the future.
If the Tigers' leadership is removed or killed in a government assault, it's easy to imagine one of the
newly energised generation stepping in to fill the voi d. The dr eam of an independent Ta mi l home l and
in Sri Lanka resonates powerfully across the diaspora and will certainly live on even after the defeat
of the LTTE as a conventional military force.
The deaths of tens of thousands of innocent Tamil civilians – while their family members watch from
afar – is a recipe for another, possibly more explosive, generation of terrorism. For now, the Sri
Lankan government has prevailed, militarily. It has a huge humanitarian problem on its hands, with
tens of thousands of displaced civilians to care for, and it will need international aid. For western
leaders who have urged restraint, this is the time to call on Rajapaksa to address Tamil demands for
devolution of power and language rights now that the military conflict is over.
India’s Opinion
India told Colombo to tackle the grievances of the Tamil minority which gave rise to the ethnic
conflict . It sought pol itical steps towa rds “ef fect ive devol ut ion” of powe r w i thi n the Sri La nkan Co n-
stitution so that Sri Lankans of all communities, including the Tamils, could feel at home and lead
lives of dignity of their own free will. India’s response came soon after Sri Lankan President Mahinda
Rajapaksa called up External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee to confirm tha t the arme d resistance
by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) had ended and its leader Velupillai Prabakaran was
dead. India had promised to work with the people and the Government of Sri Lanka to provide relief
to those affected by the tragic conflict , and to rapi dl y reha bi litat e al l thos e wh o ha d been di spl aced,
bringing their lives to normality as soon as possible.
In several interactions at the top level, India had received assurances from the Sri Lankan government
that after the LTTE was militarily defeated, it would ensure the political accommodation of its Tamil
origin citizens through several measures. Concerned at the developing unease among parties commit-
ted to a peaceful solution in eastern Sri Lanka, where the LTTE had already been routed, India wanted
Colombo to take steps that guaranteed safety, a better quality of life and the genuine feeling of partici-
pation by Tamils of Indian origin in both provinces.
These included Sri Lanka adhering to its earlier promise of implementing its Constitution’s
26
From TNT to LTTE
Prabakaran was drawn into the Tamil struggle after the Sri Lankan government passed a
series of legislations, first aimed at the plantation Tamils and then against the Sri Lankan
Tamils themselves. Repeated violence against the Tamils in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s
influenced Prabakaran to take to armed struggle. Prabakaran, still in his teens, first formed
the Tamil New Tigers (TNT) in 1972. The tiger was chosen as the emblem because the tiger
represented the Chola flag and stood for Tamil patriotism and a Tamil nation. Yet the TNT
was a forerunner of the LTTE, just as ruthless and fascist in its tactics. Apart from the assas-
sination of Alfred Duraiappa, the record of the TNT included raids on banks, lamp-posting
killing of informants and murdering secret service police officers.
Prabakaran had a child-like craving for the LTTE to be recognised “as the sole representa-
tive of the Tamil race.” Unfortunately that craving turned into a deadly cannibalistic tendency
to devour other Tamil militant groups, thus undermining the struggle for equal rights for Sri
Lankan Tamils. The result was that most of his military energies were spent on the destructive
task of liquidating other militant leaders and groups. An early chilling indication of Prabakaran’s
fascistic side was his personal gunning down of the Mayor of Jaffna, Alfred Duraiappa, in
July 1975. With the dastardly assassination of Rajiv Gandhi on May 21, 1991 by means of
suicide belt-bomber Dhanu at Sriperumbudur, about 35 km from Chennai, Prabakaran was
proclaimed an absconding offender. Prabakaran was the No. 1 accused in the Rajiv Gandhi
assassination case. The assassination led to the LTTE being banned by India and further
ostracism internationally with a number of countries including the U.S. and the U.K. follow-
ing suit.
‘Thirteenth Amendment plus’ which should include moving some items from the concurrent to pro-
vincial list and the setting up of a second chamber of federal representatives.
As part of helping in providing humanitarian relief, India had already announced a Rs. 100-crore
grant which included dispatching over one lakh family packs containing rations and shelter materials
for a nuclear family that would last. India was also considering expanding of its 50-bed hospital,
manned by a 62-member medical complement from the armed forces. It planned to increase the size
of the de-mining team to ensure that civilians had access to more safe areas than was possible at
present. India had received feelers from several countries for a joint effort to provide relief and to
reconstruct the battered northern and eastern provinces. Some countries that kept a watch over the
peace process or actively participated in it would like to be involved in the setting up of democratic
institutions and associated infrastructure in the area. India had so far preferred to operate alone or
through the International Committee of the Red Cross. It had earlier not favoured a joint civilian
evacuation programme proposed by the U.S.
27
secession from Sri Lanka. In late 1977, in the af-

Background of conflict : - termath of a serious communal clash in August
The root of modern conflict goes back to Br itish that year, Junius Richard Jayawardene's UNP gov-
colonial rule when the country was known as ernment granted only the educational rights de-
Ceylon. A nationalist political movement from manded by the Tamils. But to the Tamil leader-
Sinhalese communities arose in the country in the ship that was losing the control it had on the Tamil
early 20th century with the aim of obtaining po- militants after not being able to follow through
litical independence, which was eventually with the election promise of seceding from Sri
granted by the British after peaceful negotiations Lanka to form Tamil, it was too little too late.
in 1948. Disagreements between the Sinhalese and
Tamil ethnic communities flared up w h e n dr aw- After nearly two decades of violence, a ceasefire
ing up the country's first pos t-independence con- was signed in 2002, but it broke down in January
stitution. Prime Minister S.W.R.D. 2008, leading to renewed fierce fight i ng. The vio-
Bandaranaike's declaration of the "Sinhala Only lence killed more than 60,000 people, damaged
Act" language policy was the spark that led to the economy and harmed tourism in one of South
conflict . The ci vi l w
a r is a di rect res ul t of the es - Asia's potentially prosperous societies. A ceasefire
calation of the confrontational politics that fol- and a political agreement reached between the
lowed. Communal uprisings in the 1950s, 1977, government and rebels in late 2002 raised hopes
and the formation of the Tamil United Liberation for a lasting settlement. But Norwegian-brokered
Front TULF with its Vaddukkodei (Vattukottai)) peace talks stalled and monitors reported open
resolution of 1976 were key events. These led to a violations of the truce by the government and
hardening of attitudes on both sides. Tamil Tiger rebels. Escalating violence between
the two sides in 2006 killed hundreds of people
The TULF supported the armed actions of young and raised fears of a return to all-out war. In Janu-
militants who were dubbed "our boys." These ary 2008, the government said it was withdraw-
"boys" were the product of the post-war popula- ing from the 2002 ceasefire agr eeme nt . The
tion explosion. Many partially educated, unem- ceasefire expi red a for tni ght lat er. Fol lowi ng a
ployed Sinhala and Tamil youth fell for simplis- renewal of fight ing, in January 2009 governme nt
tic racist and violent revolutionary solutions to troops captured the northern town of Kilinochchi,
their problems. The leftist parties had remained held for ten years by the Tigers as their adminis-
"non-communal" for a long time, but the Federal trative headquarters.
Party (as well as its off-shoot, the TULF), deeply
conservative and dominated by Vellala casteism, Sri Lankan Civil War
did not attempt to form a national alliance with The Sri Lankan Civil War is the name given to
the leftists in their fight for language right s. the ongoing conflict on the island- na t ion of Sri
Lanka. Since July 23, 1983, there has been on and
Following the sweeping electoral victory of the off civil war, predominantly between the govern-
UNP in July 1977, the TULF became the leading ment and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
opposition party, with around one sixth of the to- (LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers), a sepa-
tal electoral vote winning on a party platform of ratist armed organization which fight s for the cre-
28
ation of an independent state named Tamil Eelam Kilinochchi, main military base Mullaitivu and
in the north and the east of the island. Over 70,000 the entire A9 highway.
people have been offici al ly listed as ki lled in the
war since 1983. As one of the world's deadliest As a result of the latest fight ing, experts pr edi ct
ongoing armed conflict s, it ha s caus ed signi ficant the long running conflict coul d soon come to an
adversity to the population, environment and the end, with the government taking over the fina l
economy of the country. The tactics employed by bit of territory controlled by the Tamil Tigers.
the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam have resulted However the rebels have vowed to fight on, and
in the organization being banned as a terrorist or- are expected to wage an underground guerrilla
ganization in 32 countries, including the United campaign, launching hit and run attacks against
States, Japan, Brazil, Australia, the nations of the the military and suicide bombings around the
European Union, and Canada. country, if they were defeated as a conventional
force.
After two decades of fight ing and thr ee fai led at -
tempts at peace talks, including the unsuccessful The fate of civilians trapped in the 'no-fire zone '
deployment of the Indian Army as a peacekeep- has become a major concern for the international
ing force from 1987 to 1990, a lasting negotiated community at this stage of war. On April 22, 2009,
settlement to the conflict appeared pos sibl e w h en the UN Security Council has called on Tamil Ti-
a cease-fire wa s decl ared in D
e cemb er 2001, and ger rebels to lay down their arms and let the UN
a ceasefire agreeme nt signe d w i th int erna t iona l help evacuate civilians from the war zone.
mediation in 2002. However limited hostilities
renewed in late 2005 and the conflict began to Indian involvement:-
escalate until the government launched a number Became involved in the conflict in the 1980s for a
of major military offensives against the LTTE number of reasons, including its leaders' desire to
beginning in July 2006, and drove the LTTE out project India as the regional power in the area and
of the entire Eastern province of the island. The worries about India's own Tamils seeking inde-
LTTE then declared they would "resume their free- pendence. The latter was particularly strong in
dom struggle to achieve statehood". the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, where ethnic kin-
ship led to strong support for independence for
The government then shifted its offensive to the Sri Lankan Tamils. Throughout the conflict , the
north of the country, and formally announced its Indian central and state governments have sup-
withdrawal from the ceasefire agreeme nt on Janu- ported both sides in different ways.
ary 2, 2008, alleging that the LTTE violated the
agreement over 10,000 times. Since then, aided Beginning in the 1980s, India, through its intelli-
by the destruction of a number of large arms smug- gence agency RAW, provided arms, training and
gling vessels that belonged to the LTTE, and an monetary support to a number of Sri Lankan Tamil
international crackdown on the funding for the militant groups, including the LTTE and its rival
Tamil Tigers, the government has taken control Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO).
of 99.8% of the territory previously controlled by The LTTE's rise is widely attributed to the initial
the Tamil Tigers, including their de-facto capital backing it received from RAW. It is believed that
29
by supporting different militant groups, the Indian government hoped to keep the Tamil indepen-
dence movement divided and be able to exert overt control over it.
India became more actively involved in the late 1980s, and on June 5, 1987, the Indian Air Force
airdropped food parcels to Jaffna while it was under siege by Sri Lankan forces. At a time when the Sri
Lankan government stated they were close to defeating the LTTE, India dropped 25 tons of food and
medicine by parachute into areas held by the LTTE in a direct move of support toward the rebels.
Negotiations were held, and the Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord was signed on July 29, 1987, by Indian
Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan President Jayewardene. Under this accord, the Sri Lankan
Government made a number of concessions to Tamil demands, including a devolution of power to the
provinces, a merger—subject to later referendum—of the Northern and the Eastern provinces into the
single province, and offici al stat us for the Ta mi l language (thi s w
a s ena ct ed as the 13t h A
me ndme nt
to the Constitution of Sri Lanka). India agreed to establish order in the North and East through a
peacekeeping force, and to cease assisting Tamil insurgents. Militant groups including the LTTE,
although initially reluctant, agreed to surrender their arms to the IPKF.
Signing of Permanent Ceasefire Ag r eeme nt
Sri Lankan government and LTTE formalized a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on

February 22, 2002, and signed a permanent ceasefire agreeme nt (CF A) . N o r wa y wa s name d
mediator, and it was decided that they, together with the other Nordic countries, monitor
the ceasefire thr ough a commi ttee of experts na me d the Sri La nka M o ni tor ing M i ssion. In
August, the government agreed to lift the ban on the LTTE and paved the way for the re-
sumption of direct negotiations with the LTTE.
Following the signing of the ceasefire agreeme nt , comme rci al ai r flight s toJ aff na began and
the LTTE opened the key A9 highway, which linked government controlled area in the
south with Jaffna and ran through LTTE territory, allowing civilian traffic thr ough the V a nni
region for the first tim
e in ma ny years, but onl y af ter payi ng a tax to the LTTE.
Many foreign countries also offered substantial fina nc i al suppor t if peace w

a s achi eved and
optimism grew that an end to the decades long conflict w a s in sight . The m
u ch ant ici pat ed
peace talks began in Phuket, Thailand further rounds followed in Phuket, Norway and Ber-
lin, Germany. During the talks, both sides agreed to the principle of a federal solution and
the Tigers dropped their long standing demand for separate state. This was a key compro-
mise from the LTTE, which had always insisted on an independent Tamil state and it also
represented a compromise from the government, which had seldom agreed to more than
minimal devolution. Both sides also exchanged prisoners of war for first tim e.
30
At the time the Sri Lankan government, which was facing an unrelated Marxist youth uprising by the
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna in the south, called in the Indian military immediately after the agree-
ment was signed. A force dubbed the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was formed, and it initially
oversaw a cease-fire and a m o des t di sarma me nt of the m
i litant groups . The Sri La nkan governme nt
pulled its troops south and put down the JVP rebellion as the IPKF took over control of most areas in
the North of the country.
While most Tamil militant groups laid down their weapons and agreed to seek a peaceful solution to
the conflict , the LTTE ref us ed to di sarm its fight e rs . Kee n t o ens ure t he s uccess of the accord, the
IPKF then tried to demobilize the LTTE by force and ended up in full-scale conflict w i th the m. The
three year long conflict w a s al so m
a rked by the IPKF bei ng accus ed of commi tting various abus es of
human rights by many human rights groups as well as some within the Indian media. The IPKF also
soon met stiff opposition from the Tamils. Simultaneously, nationalist sentiment led many Sinhalese
to oppose the continued Indian presence in Sri Lanka. These led to the Sri Lankan government's call
for India to quit the island, and they allegedly entered into a secret deal with the LTTE that culmi-
nated in a ceasefire.
The LTTE and IPKF continued to have frequent hostilities, and according to some reports, the Sri
Lankan government even armed the rebels in order to see the back of the Indian forces. Although
casualties among the IPKF mounted, and calls for the withdrawal of the IPKF from both sides of the
Sri Lankan conflict grew, Ga ndhi ref us ed to remo ve the IPKF from Sri La nka. H o we ver, fol lowi ng
his defeat in Indian parliamentary elections in December 1989, the new prime Minister V. P. Singh
ordered the withdrawal of the IPKF, and their last ship left Sri Lanka on March 24, 1990. The 32
month presence of the IPKF in Sri Lanka resulted in the deaths of 1100 Indian soldiers and over 5000
Sri Lankans. The cost for the Indian government was estimated at over 20 billion rupees.

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/article/LTTE-Discomfited
31
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SECTION - 1 (Article: Wildlife Conservation in India)
Wildlife Conservation all, 33% of Indian plant species are endemic.

India's forest cover ranges from the tropical
in India
rainforest of the Andaman Islands, Western Ghats,
and Northeast India to the coniferous forest of the
Aiming to Sustainable Growth and
Himalaya. Between these extremes lie the sal-
Development
dominated moist deciduous forest of eastern In-
By Sangeeta Gupta dia; teak-dominated dry deciduous forest of cen-
tral and southern India; and the babul-dominated
Author is an expert of various competitive
examination. thorn forest of the central Deccan and western
Gangetic plain. Important Indian trees include the
Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, medicinal neem, widely used in rural Indian
animals, and other organisms. Domesticating wild herbal remedies. The pipal fig tree, shown on the
plant and animal species for human benefit ha s seals of Mohenjo-daro, shaded the Gautama Bud-
occurred many times all over the planet, and has dha as he sought enlightenment.
a major impact on the environment, both positive
and negative. Wildlife can be found in all ecosys- Many Indian species are descendants of taxa origi-
tems, Deserts, rain forests, plains, and other areas nating in Gondwana, to which India originally be-
including the most developed urban sites all have longed. Peninsular India's subsequent movement
distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in popu- towards, and collision with, the Laurasian land-
lar culture usually refers to animals that are un- mass set off a mass exchange of species. However,
touched by human factors, most scientists agree volcanism and climatic changes 20 million years
that wildlife around the world is impacted by hu- ago caused the extinction of many endemic In-
man activities. dian forms. Soon thereafter, mammals entered
India from Asia through two zoogeographical
Indian wildlife:- passes on either side of the emerging Himalaya.
The wildlife of India is a mix of species of diverse As a result, among Indian species, only 12.6% of
origins. The region's rich and diverse wildlife is mammals and 4.5% of birds are endemic, con-
preserved in numerous national parks and wild- trasting with 45.8% of reptiles and 55.8% of am-
life sanctuaries across the country. Since India is phibians. Notable endemics are the Nilgiri leaf
home to a number of rare and threatened animal monkey and the brown and carmine Beddome's
species, wildlife management in the country is toad of the Western Ghats. India contains 172, or
essential to preserve these species. According to 2.9%, of IUCN-designated threatened species.
one study, India is home to about 60-70% of the These include the Asiatic lion, the Bengal tiger,
world's biodiversity. India, lying within the and the Indian white-rumped vulture, which suf-
Indomalaya ecozone, is home to about 7.6% of all fered a near-extinction from ingesting the carrion
mammalian, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of reptilian, of diclofenac-treated cattle.
and 6.0% of flowe ring pl ant speci es .
In recent decades, human encroachment has posed
Many ecoregions, such as the shola forests, also a threat to India's wildlife; in response, the sys-
exhibit extremely high rates of endemism; over- tem of national parks and protected areas, first
33
established in 1935, was substantially expanded. and Dachigam National Park is progressing rap-
In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act idly to save Kashmiri Stag.
and Project Tiger to safeguard crucial habitat; fur-
ther federal protections were promulgated in the Wildlife Conservation in India occupies a total
1980s. Along with over 500 wildlife sanctuaries, area of about 3.29 million sq. km. that contains
India now hosts 14 biosphere reserves, four of flor al and fauna l speci es , m
a mma l s, rept iles , in-
which are part of the World Network of Biosphere sects and birds. The Wildlife Conservation in In-
Reserves; 25 wetlands are registered under the dia has become the most popular holiday destina-
Ramsar Convention. The varied and rich wildlife tions because of its diverseness. In India there are
of India has had a profound impact on the region's 571 sanctuaries and reserve parks that are pro-
popular culture. Common name for wilderness in tected by the Indian Government, mainly meant
India is Jungle which was adopted by the British for the protection of the extinct species of ani-
colonialists to the English language. The word has mals and birds. Predators, Carnivores and Herbi-
been also made famous in The Jungle Book by vores, - all are equally important to maintain the
Rudyard Kipling. India's wildlife has been the vital ecological processes as nutrient and water
subject of numerous other tales and fables such as cycling. India has over 500 animal sanctuaries,
the Panchatantra and the Jataka tales. referred to as Wildlife Sanctuaries (IUCN Cat-
egory IV Protected Area). Among these, the 28
The gradual emergence of the human beings as Tiger Reserves are governed by Project Tiger, and
the most dominant species among all other spe- are of special significanc e in the cons ervat ion of
cies of animals and the attempt of the human be- the tiger. Some wildlife sanctuaries are specifi-
ings to set themselves apart from other species is cally named Bird Sanctuary, eg. Keoladeo Na-
the main underlying cause of the contemporary tional Park before attained National Park status.
environmental disaster. The main reason behind
a threat to the wildlife and the ecosystem is the Many National Parks were initially Wildlife Sanc-
constantly growing deforestation, poaching and tuaries. Wildlife sanctuaries of national impor-
negligence towards animals and nature. The In- tance to conservation, usually due to some flag-
dian Government has started nature projects like, ship faunal species, are named National Wildlife
Project Tiger, Nature Camps, Jungle Lodges, etc. Sanctuary, like national chambal (gharial) Wild-
to encourage wildlife awareness among the com- life Sanctuary for conserving the Gharial (1978).
mon people. Besides preserving the natural heri-
tage, these projects also promote eco-tourism. Some of the important wildlife sanctuaries
in India are:-
Various Projects:- • Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh
Gir National Park in Gujarat is the only existent
habitation for the nearly extinct Asiatic Lions in
• Corbett National Park in Uttar Pradesh
India. The Kaziranga Sanctuary in Assam is a • Gir National Park & Sanctuary in Gujarat
major example of good effort to save the endan- • Kanha National Park in Madhya Pradesh
gered Rhinoceros. Similarly, Periyar in Kerala is
doing a great job to preserve the wild Elephants
• Kaziranga National Park in Assam
34
• Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala

• Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan
• Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal
• Dachigam National Park in Jammu & Kashmir
• Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam
National Parks of India:-
India's first na t iona l park (an IUCN cat egor y II pr ot ect ed area) wa s es tabl ishe d in 1935 as Ha i ley
National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park. By 1970, India only had five na tiona l parks .
In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger to safeguard the habitats of
conservation reliant species. Further federal legislation strengthening protections for wildlife was
introduced in the 1980s. As of April 2007, there are 96 national parks. All national park lands encom-
pass a combined 38,029.18 km², 1.16% of India's total surface area. A total of 166 national parks have
been authorized. Plans are underway to establish the remaining scheduled parks.
Biosphere Reserves
The term ‘Biosphere Reserve' should denote an area:
• Which is, set aside for the conservation of the resources of the biosphere and for the improvement of
the relationship between man and the environment;
List of National Parks
• Dibru-Saikhowa National Park-Assam

• Desert National Park-Rajasthan • Bandipur National Park-Karnataka
• Dachigam National Park-Jammu and Kash- • Bannerghatta National Park-Karnataka
mir • Vansda National Park-Gujarat
• Corbett National Park-Uttarakhand • Betla National Park-Jharkhand
• Chandoli National Park-Maharashtra • Bhitarkanika National Park-Orissa
• Campbell Bay National Park-Andaman and • Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar-Gujarat
Nicobar • Buxa Tiger Reserve-West Bengal
• Anshi National Park-Karnataka • Fossil National Park-Madhya Pradesh
• Balphakram National Park-Meghalaya • Great Himalayan National Park-Himachal
• Bandhavgarh National Park-Madhya Pradesh Pradesh
Conti..
35
• Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai • Khangchendzonga National Park-Sikkim

National Park)- Tamil Nadu • Kishtwar National Park-Jammu and Kashmir
• Dudhwa National Park-Uttar Pradesh • Van Vihar National Park-Madhya Pradesh
• Intanki National Park-Nagaland • Kanha National Park-Madhya Pradesh
• Guindy National Park-Tamil Nadu • Mollem National Park-Goa
• Govind Pashu Vihar-Uttarakhand • Mount Harriet National Park-Andaman and
• Kaziranga National Park-Assam Nicobar
• Which is, to serve as sites for long term scientific res earch as w
e l l as educat ion al l over the w
o r ld.
The programme of Biosphere Reserve was initiated under the 'Man & Biosphere' (MAB) programme
by UNESCO in 1971. Biosphere Reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems promoting
solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. They are internation-
ally recognized, nominated by National Governments and remain under sovereign jurisdiction of the
states where they are located. Biosphere Reserves serve in some ways as 'living laboratories' for
testing out and demonstrating integrated management of land, water and biodiversity (CES., UNESCO,
2005., IUCN, 1979).
List of Biosphere Reserves
• Achanakmar-Amarkanta- Madhya Pradesh & Chhattishgarh
• Agasthyamalai- Kerala
• Dehang-Debang- Arunachal Pradesh
• Dibru-Saikhowa- Assam
• Great Nicobar- Andaman and Nicobar
• Gulf of Mannar - Tamil Nadu
• Khangchenjunga – Sikkim
• Manas- Assam
• Nanda Devi-Uttaranchal Advertise your
Business Here
• Nilgiri -Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka
• Nokrek-Meghalaya Contact Us Online:
• Pachmarhi -Madhya Pradesh http://upscportal.com/
store/contact
• Simlipal-Orissa
• Sunderbans-West Bengal
36
IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation.Founded
in 1948, its headquarters is located in the Lake Geneva area in Gland, Switzerland.
The IUCN brings together 83 states, 108 government agencies, 766 Non-govern-
mental organizations and 81 international organizations and about 10,000 experts
and scientists from countries around the world. IUCN's mission is to influenc e,
encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and
diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and
ecologically sustainable.
Biosphere Reserve Objectives
Each Biosphere Reserve is intended to fulfill thr ee basic func t ions , w

h i ch are comp l eme nt ary and
mutually reinforcing:
• A conservation function - to contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and
genetic variation;
• A development function - to foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and
ecologically sustainable;
• A logistic function - to provide support for research, monitoring, education and information ex-
change related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development (UNESCO, 2005).
The Indian government has established 15 Biosphere Reserves of India, (categories roughly corre-
sponding to IUCN Category V Protected areas), which protect larger areas of natural habitat (than a
National Park or Animal Sanctuary), and often include one or more National Parks and/or preserves,
along buffer zones that are open to some economic uses. Protection is granted not only to the flora and
fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their
ways of life. Four of the fifteen bi os phe re res erves are a part of the W
o r ld Ne t wo r k of Bi os phe re
Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list.
• Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

• Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
37
• Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve Project Tiger which was launched on April 1,

1973, has become one of the most successful con-
• Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve servation ventures in modern history. The project
aims at tiger conservation in specially constituted
Conservation of wildlife in India:- 'tiger reserves' which are representative of vari-
The need for conservation of wildlife in India is ous bio-geographical regions falling within In-
often questioned because of the apparently incor- dia. It strives to maintain a viable tiger popula-
rect priority in the face of dire poverty of the tion in their natural environment. Today, there
people. However Article 48 of the Constitution are 27 Project Tiger wildlife reserves in India cov-
of India specifies tha t "the stat e sha l l endeavour ering an area of 37,761 km².Project Elephant,
to protect and improve the environment and to though less known, started in 1992 and works for
safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country" elephant protection in India. Most of India's rhi-
and Article 51-A states that "it shall be the duty nos today survive in the Kaziranga National Park.
of every citizen of India to protect and improve The wildlife institute of India (WII) is a govern-
the natural environment including forests, lakes, ment institution run by the Indian Council of For-
rivers, and wildlife and to have compassion for estry Research and Education which trains wild-
living creatures." life managers and wildlife researchers.
Large and charismatic mammals are important for Trained personnel from WII have contributed in
wildlife tourism in India and several national studying and protecting wildlife in India. WII has
parks and wildlife sanctuaries cater to these needs. also popularized wildlife studies and careers. The
Project Tiger started in 1972 is a major effort to institute is based in Dehradun, India. It is located
conserve the tiger and its habitats. At the turn of in Chandrabani, which is close to the southern
the 20th century, one estimate of the tiger popu- forests of Dehradun. The Indian Council of For-
lation in India placed the figur e at 40, 000, yet an estry Research and Education also runs the Forest
Indian tiger census conducted in 1972 revealed Research Institute and the Indian Institute of For-
the existence of only 1827 tigers. Various pres- est Management
sures in the later part of the 20th century led to
the progressive decline of wilderness resulting in Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 :-
the disturbance of viable tiger habitats. At the In- In 1972 by the Government of India. Prior to 1972,
ternational Union for Conservation of Nature and India only had five des igna t ed na t iona l parks .
Natural Resources (IUCN) General Assembly Among other reforms, the Act established sched-
meeting in Delhi in 1969, serious concern was ules of protected plant and animal species; hunt-
voiced about the threat to several species of wild- ing or otherwise harvesting these species was
life and the shrinkage of wilderness in the India. largely outlawed.
In 1970, a national ban on tiger hunting was im-
posed and in 1972 the Wildlife Protection Act The Act provides for the protection of Wild ani-
came into force. The framework was then set up mals, birds and plants and for matters connected
to formulate a project for tiger conservation with therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto. It ex-
an ecological approach. tends to the whole of India, except the State of
38
Jammu and Kashmir which has its own wildlife

act. It has six schedules which give varying de-
grees of protection, with absolute protection be-
ing provided under Schedule I and part II of sched-
ule II with the highest penalties prescribed for
offences under these schedules and Species listed
in the Sch. IV are also protected but the penalties
are much lower, with the enforcement authori-
ties having the power to compound offences (as
in they impose fines on the of fenders).

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/article/Wildlife-Conservation-in-India
39
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SECTION - 1 (Article: Hindi Article
Dr. Divya
41
42
43
44
45
46
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48
SECTION - 2 (Hot Topics: Law Commission Recommendation)
of cases. It referred to various reports submitted

Law Commission
by the parliamentary committees recommending
Recommendation such regional Benches and said , there were tried
all the measures to reduce the backlog of cases
Three Regional Benches and the result appeared to be far from satisfac-
Need of Time tory. The time has come when the entire judicial
set-up will have to be re-hauled and refurbished
The Law Commission of India headed by its Chair- in order to make the goal of speedy justice a pul-
person Justice A.R. Lakshmanan has recommended sating reality.
on May 07,2009 that a Constitution Bench of the
Supreme Court be set up at Delhi and three re- Why Should be New Benches Set-up?
gional Benches at Chennai/Hyderabad, Kolkata The advantage of setting up Benches is that this
and Mumbai to deal with appeals from High Courts can be made effective without any delay since the
from the respective regions to exercise cessative constitution of Benches is a matter within the pur-
jurisdiction of the apex court in each of the review and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court itself.
gion. If the judge strength of the zonal benches is con-
fine d to two judges , each zone w
i ll requi re onl y
The Commission, in its report to be submitted to six judges which means that only 24 judges will
the government said: “The apex court would thus be required for the four zones and other judges
be relieved of the backlog of accumulated cases will be available in the apex court which have a
which are causing a burden and continuous strain Constitution Bench working on a regular basis.
on the resources of the apex court.” It said: “Since
the accumulated cases pertaining to a particular Apex Court's View:-
region would be dealt with by the particular zonal A parliamentary panel's repeated recommenda-
Bench, the apex court would be free to deal with tions to establish more benches of the Supreme
only constitutional cases such as interpretation of Court - aimed at enhancing its accessibility - have
the Constitution, matters of national importance fallen on deaf ears in January 2009. While the apex
such as references made by the zonal Benches to court continued to stonewall the idea of establish-
larger Benches due to conflict of aut hority or any ing just a single bench 'even on experimental ba-
other reason, cases where the interests of more sis', the government is wary of accepting the
than one State are involved such as inter-State dis- panel's recommendation to amend the constitu-
putes on land, electricity, water, etc. Reference tion to set up more benches. The Supreme Court's
made under Articles 143 and 217 of the Constitu- view on this issue is well known.
tion, Presidential and Vice-Presidential elections,
suits between two or more States, etc.” According to it, no proposal at present to set up
any bench of the Supreme Court anywhere in the
The Commission suggested that all PILs from any country. The particular parliamentary panel has
part of India should be decided by the apex Con- been stressing with unfailing regularity the need
stitution court to ensure no contradictory orders to set up at least three Supreme Court benches,
were issued and also to halt the mushroom growth one each at Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai for over
49
the last two decades. But the Supreme Court had up its bench in Chennai 'even on an experimental
been consistently rejecting the proposal which basis'.
would enhance its accessibility by its
decentralisation. During the 14th Lok Sabha term, Cases Pending in Courts:-
the parliamentary panel on the law and justice Over three million cases are pending in India's 21
ministry, then headed by Congress stalwart and high courts, and an astounding 26.3 million cases
present External Affairs Minister Pranab are pending in subordinate courts across the coun-
Mukherjee, had recommended at least thrice be- try. At the same time, there are almost a quarter
tween 1999 and 2000 to have more Supreme Court million under-trials languishing in jails across the
benches. And the Supreme Court rejected it every country. Of these, some 2,069 have been in jail
time. for more than five years, even as the i r gui lt or
innocence is yet to be ascertained. This has been
The recommendation was repeated in mid-2005 revealed by offici al figures emer ging f rom t he
by the present parliamentary panel, headed by home ministry's department of justice, under a
Natchiappan, who said at least one Supreme Court Right to Information Act application placed by a
bench should be set up in Chennai 'at least on ex- citizen. It has also been found that over a quarter
perimental basis'. Expressing its exasperation over of all pending high court cases are at Allahabad.
the apex court's aversion to have any bench in other
parts of the country, the committee had observed • The Allahabad High Court had some 1.09 mil-
that it was not satisfied w i th the persistent oppo- lion pending cases, with over eight out of every
sition of the Supreme Court in establishing more 10 cases being civil cases at the end of 2006. Mean-
benches in other parts of the country, more so while, the Supreme Court of India had a total of
when the court does not have any convincing rea- 39,780 civil and criminal pending cases at the end
son or the justificat ion the reof ' . of last year. Madras High Court (406,958 pend-
ing cases) and Bombay High Court (362,949) were
The committee therefore endorsed its earlier view the others with a large number of pending cases.
that the establishment of benches of the Supreme Sikkim is the lowest with just 51 pending cases.
Court in other parts of the country would be of Of the pending cases in high courts, 704,214 were
immense help to the poor, who cannot afford to criminal and 3.2 million were civil cases.
travel from their native places to Delhi .Factor-
ing in the apex court's consistent opposition to
the establishment of its bench, the parliamentary
• In subordinate courts, Uttar Pradesh again
panel went to the extent of asking the government topped the number of pending cases (4.6 million),
to amend the constitution to set up more Supreme followed by Maharashtra (4.1 million), Gujarat
Court benches. Article 130 of the constitution pro- (3.9 million), West Bengal (1.9 million), Bihar
vides that 'the Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi or (1.2 million), Karnataka (1.06 million), Rajasthan
in such other place or places as the chief justice of (1.05 million), Orissa (1 million), Andhra Pradesh
India may, with the approval of the president, de- (900,000).
cide from time to time. But Union Law Ministry
said the apex court has rejected the idea of setting • In another query, the National Crime Records
50
Bureau that functions under the home ministry codification of the Pe na l Co de, the Cr im
i na l Pr o-
told Hari Kumar P. of Kasargod in a Right to In- cedure Code and a few other matters. Thereafter,
formation Act reply that the number of under-tri- the second, third and fourth Law Commissions
als in India was highest in Maharashtra (15,784) were constituted in 1853, 1861 and 1879 respec-
and Madhya Pradesh (15,777). tively which, during a span of fifty years cont rib-
uted a great deal to enrich the Indian Statute Book
• Bihar (with 628 prisoners) topped the number with a large variety of legislations on the pattern
of states with the maximum number of under-tri- of the then prevailing English Laws adapted to
als kept for over five years. Punj ab al so ha d 334 Indian conditions. The Indian Code of Civil Pro-
under-trials for over five years and Ut tar Pr adesh cedure, the Indian Contract Act, the Indian Evi-
had 212. Delhi itself had 344 under-trials languish- dence Act, the Transfer of Property Act. etc. are
ing in jails for over five years. products of the labour of the first four La w Co m-
missions.
• On the positive side, some states had no under- After independence, the Constitution of India with
trials in jail for this long a period without their its Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
trials being completed. These states included of State Policy gave a new direction to law re-
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, form geared to the needs of a democratic legal
Manipur, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, and order in a plural society. Though the Constitution
Tripura, apart from some smaller states and union stipulated the continuation of pre-Constitution
territories. Laws (Article 372) till they are amended or re-
pealed, there had been demands in Parliament and
What is Law Commission? outside for establishing a Central Law Commis-
Law Reform has been a continuing process par- sion to recommend revision and updating of the
ticularly during the last 300 years or more in In- inherited laws to serve the changing needs of the
dian history. In the ancient period, when religious country.
and customary law occupied the fiel d, ref orm pr o-
cess had been ad hoc and not institutionalised The Government of India reacted favourably and
through duly constituted law reform agencies. established the First Law Commission of Inde-
However, since the third decade of the nineteenth pendent India in 1955 with the then Attorney-
century, Law Commissions were constituted by General of India, Mr. M. C. Setalvad, as its Chair-
the Government from time to time and were em- man. Since then eighteen more Law Commissions
powered to recommend legislative reforms with have been appointed, each with a three-year term
a view to clarify, consolidate and codify particu- and with different terms of reference. The Eigh-
lar branches of law where the Government felt teenth Law Commission was constituted under Dr.
the necessity for it. Justice A R Lakshmanan, Former Judge Supreme
Court of India through a Government order with
The first such Co mmi ssion w
a s establ ishe d in 1834 effect from September 1, 2006. It will have a three
under the Charter Act of 1833 under the Chair- year term ending August 31, 2009.
manship of Lord Macaulay which recommended
http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/hot-topic/Law-Commission
51
SECTION - 21 (Hot Topics:
(Article: Assessment
Hindi Article) Report (Performance Index For Civil Servants)
Annual Performance communication shall be made after the reporting

Assessment Report officer ha s comp l et ed the perfor ma nc e asses s-
ment", the rules say. The concerned officer sha l l
New Performance Index be given the opportunity to make any representa-
For Civil Servants tion against the entries and the final gradi ng gi ven
in the report within a period of 15 days.
The Ministry of Personnel has brought about The representation shall be restricted to the spe-
changes in the method of evaluating the perfor- cific fact ual obs ervat ions cont ai ne d in the repor t
mance of the civil servants working under the leading to assessment of the officer in terms of
government. Extending the ambit of changes for attributes, work output etc.The authority after due
other civil services, which are not All India Ser- consideration may reject the representation or may
vices, the existing nomenclature of the Annual accept and modify the APAR accordingly. The
Confident ial Re por t (ACR) ha s been m
o di fied as decision of the authority and the final gradi ng sha l l
Annual Performance Assessment Report (APAR). be communicated to the officer repor ted upon
within 15 days. When the new PAR rules came
The process had begun two years ago with the in- into effect in 2007, the goal was to make perfor-
troduction of the new All India Services (Perfor- mance appraisal a tool for career planning and
mance Appraisal Report) Rules, 2007, which only training, rather than a "mere judgmental exercise".
catered to the three All India Services (AIS) - In-
dian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police New All India Services
Service (IPS) and Indian Forest Service (IFoS). (Performance Appraisal Report) Rules,
Unlike other services, All India Services have 2007
state cadres. The All India Services (Performance
Appraisal Report) Rules, 2007, provided for nu- A performance appraisal report assessing the per-
merical assessment of the officers on a 1- 10 scal e, formance, character, conduct and qualities of ev-
which was known as the "benchmark score". These ery member of the Service shall be written for
rules further specified tha t perfor ma nc e appr ai sal each fina nc i al year or as m
a y be speci fied by t he
of AIS officers wi ll not be based sol el y on the i r Government. Provided that a performance ap-
accomplishments, but will also take into account praisal report may not be written in such cases as
their integrity in handling the various responsi- may be specified by the Ce nt ral G o vernme nt , by
bilities. general or special order.
"The full APAR including the overall grade and Provided further that if a performance appraisal
assessment of integrity shall be communicated to report for a fina nc i al year is not recor ded by 31s t
the concerned officer af ter the repor t is comp l et e of December of the year in which the fina nc i al
with the remarks of the reviewing officer and the year ended, no remarks may be recorded thereaf-
accepting authority. Where government servant ter and the officer m a y be assessed on the basis of
has only one supervisory level above him as in the overall record and self assessment for the year,
the case of personal staff attached to officers, such if he has submitted his self-assessment on time.
52
SECTION - 21 (Hot Topics:
(Article: Assessment
Hindi Article) Report (Performance Index For Civil Servants)
Explanation:
For the purposes of this rule, “a Minister” shall not be construed as having demitted the office if he
continues to be a Minister in the Council of Ministers with a different portfolio or in the Council of
Ministers immediately reconstituted after the previous Council of Ministers of which he was a Min-
ister with the same or a different portfolio provided the Prime Minister or the Chief Minister, as the
case may be, continues in office.
Review of the performance appraisal report:

(1) The reviewing authority shall record his remarks on the performance appraisal report, within the
timeframe specified in the Sche dul e 2.
(2) Where the report is written by the reviewing authority under sub-rule of rule 5, or where the
reviewing authority has not seen, and the accepting authority has seen, the performance of a member
of the Service for at least three months during the period for which the performance appraisal report
is written, the accepting authority shall review the performance appraisal report of any such member
for any such period within the timeframe specified in the Sche dul e 2.
(3) It shall not be competent for the reviewing authority, or the accepting authority, to review any
such performance appraisal report unless it has seen the performance of the member of the Service for
at least three months during the period for which the report has been written, and in every such case
an entry to that effect shall be made in the performance appraisal report.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-rules (1) and (2), it shall not be competent for the
reviewing authority or the accepting authority to review any such performance appraisal report-
(a) Where the authority reviewing the performance appraisal report is a Government servant, after
one month of his retirement from service, and (b) In other cases, after one month of the date on which
he demits office.

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/hot-topic/Assessment-Report-For-CSE
53
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54
SECTION - 31 (Interview : An Article)
(Article: Hindi Exclusive Interview With Mayank Pandey)
An Exclusive
Interview With Mayank Pandey
Name : Mayank pandey

Date of birth: 1/03/1981
High school: FCI Inter college gorakhpur 1996 Ist division 61%
Intermediate: FCI Inter College Gorakhpur 1998 Ist division 62%
B.Sc.: St Andrew’s College Gorakhpur 2001 IInd division 57%
LL.B.: St Andrew’s College Gorakhpur 2004 Ist division 68% Gold Medallist of
gorakhpur university
LL.M. : Faculty of LAW , Delhi University 2007 Ist Division 61% Gold Medalist of DU
Success Story : Bihar PCS (J) 40th Rank, UPPCS (J) 20th Rank, JRF Qualified Twice,
IAS 2008 - 170th AIR Rank.
INTERVIEW
UPSCPORTAL: What were the basic mantras of your success?
Mayank Pandey- Confidenc e commi tme nt and cons istenc y are the m
a nt ra of succes s.
UPSCPORTAL: When did you start your preparation for the IAS examination? What was your
strategy for this examination?
55
Mayank Pandey: I started preparation from Mayank Pandey: SMART approach of study
June 2007 appeared in pre in may 2008 you i.e. SIMPLE, MEASURABLE
have 2 devote one and half year for this exam. ,ANSWERABLE, REVISABLE AND
For pre I was confident becaus e w i th law pr e TRICKY.
is easy but for mains I was apprehensive
specially for public administration so I made UPSCPORTAL: Did you join any coaching
extensive study first and at the last sel ect ive institute? What is your opinion about
approach. coaching institute?
UPSCPORTAL:What were your optional? Mayank Pandey: I joined vazi ram for GS
and for Public AD I joined SUNIL gupta’s
Mayank Pandey: First optional- Law answer writing classes besides that Alok sir
of AMBITION coaching guided me in law for
2nd Public Administration. mains. Selection of coaching institute is very
UPSCPORTAL: How did you plan for pre imp coz it will save your time energy and
exam? give you a right direction.
Mayank Pandey: For pre with law UPSCPORTAL: Tell Us About Your
concentrate on bare act for IPC, TORT, Interview?
CONSTITUTION and books for Mayank Pandey: My interview was in
international law and jurisprudence. I.M.G.Khan’s board it was about 35 minutes
UPSCPORTAL: What about General board was very cordial questions were asked
studies? about Naxalisn , Financial crisis criminal
justice reform and the problems of my native
Mayank Pandey: Syllabus is very vast so place Gorakhpur.
there is a need of smart approach geography,
science, reasoning and current covers almost UPSCPORTAL: What is your suggestion
60-70 questions so I prepared these well. for new comers?
UPSCPORTAL: What is the best way to Mayank Pandey: Always believe in yourself
prepare current affairs? and be confident .
Mayank Pandey: Besides reading you will UPSCPORTAL: Your opinion about
have to think over current event because Aspirants Times?
opinion based question have been asked in Mayank Pandey: Aspirants Times is the
mains which requires knowledge plus your best magazine for civils because coverage of
own articulation. this magazine is very extensive. The articles
UPSCPORTAL: What about time about matter of current importance are well
management? And what was your strategy for articulated and rich in content.
mains?
56
UPSCPORTAL: What is your opinion about

self study?
Mayank Pandey: Self-study is inevitable for

civil services.
UPSCPORTAL: Do you think civil services

exam is true test of a candidate’s merit? What
is your advice to the candidate who failed in
the exam?
Mayank Pandey: Try & Try again never

lose your confidenc e. Some t im
e s luck for
cede labor but there is no substitute of labor.
UPSCPORTAL: What do you feel about the

secret of your success? To whom do you refer
for the credit your success?
Mayank Pandey: The credit for my success

goes to my mother who is a source of
inspiration for me and specially my
roommate Brajesh Rajak and Shailendra
who were my helping hand throughout the
preparation...
Best of luck ..
UPSCPORTAL Team!

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/interview/Interview-With-Mayank-Pandey
57
SECTION - 1
4 (Article:
(Current Hindi
Affairs)
Article)
CURRENT AFFAIRS the month of April,2009. Even as certain sectors

showed signs of revival in the last few weeks, ex-
• Air Chief Marshal Pradeep Vasant Naik on May ports continued to decline for the seventh month
in a row dropping sharply by 33.2 per cent $10.74
31,2009 took charge as the 19th chief of the India
billion in April, the highest fall in the last 14
Air Force from Air Chief Marshal Fali Homi Ma-
years, from $16.08 billion in the same month a
jor, who demitted office.
year ago. After an impressive growth rate of over
With more than four de-
30 per cent in the first six m
o nt hs of 2008- 09, ex-
cades of distinguished
ports started declining since October. In 2008-09,
service, Air Chief Mar-
exports grew by a megre 3.4 per cent to $168.7
shal Naik (60) saw action
billion. According to the offici al figures, oil im-
in the 1971 India-Paki-
ports contracted by 58.5 per cent to $3.6 billion
stan war. He has been
in April, while non-oil inbound shipments too
decorated with the
dropped by 24.6 per cent to $12.1 billion. exports
Param Vishist Seva
would remain in the range of $170 billion in 2009-
Medal and the Vishist
10. With rising oil product prices, the trade defi-
Seva Medal. Born on
cit for the current fiscal wo ul d rema i n at $100
July 22, 1949 in Nagpur, Air Chief Marshal Naik
billion compared to last year’s $120 billion.
was commissioned into the IAF on June 21, 1969
as a fight er pi lot . An al umn us of Sai ni k School ,
Satara, and the National Defence Academy, • The Board of Approval (BoA) in the Ministry
Khadakvasla, Maharashtra, he has held many of Commerce and Industry on june 3,2009 has ap-
‘Command Staff’ and ‘Instructional’ appointments. proved 10 special economic zones (SEZs) and al-
He has clocked more than 3000 hours of flyi ng. lowed one-year extension to four projects, includ-
He has also served as Air Officer Co mma ndi ng- ing Mukesh Ambani-promoted Rewas Ports, for
in-Chief of the Central Air Command, Allahabad. land acquisition. The BoA gave formal approvals
Besides being a fellow of the National Defence to eight proposals, including those of Gulf Oil
College, New Delhi, the College of Defence Man- Corporation, Emmar MGF and Larsen and
agement, Secunderabad, and the Defence Services Toubro. Two other proposals were also given in-
Staff College, Wellington, he has attended courses principle approvals. The Board also allowed lead-
ing realty players DLF to withdraw four of its IT/
such as the flyi ng ins truct or ’ s cour se, the jungl e
and snow survival course and the junior ITeS tax-free enclaves, asking the company to re-
commander’s course. He is also one of the Hon- fund Rs. 6-7 crore worth of fiscal sops it wo ul d
orary Aides-de-Camp to the President, the Su- have availed itself of. Four developers, including
preme Commander of the armed forces. Ambani-promoted Rewas Ports in Raigad,
Maharashtra, and K. Raheja group have been al-
• The continued recession and economic down- lowed extension of in-principle approval by one
year. These projects have not been able to acquire
turn, especially in the U.S. and European markets,
the required land. The total investment expected
took a toll on exports as well as imports. Imports
from these approved SEZs would be about Rs.
dropped by 36.6 per cent to $15.75 billion during
58
SECTION - 1
4 (Article:
(Current Hindi
Affairs)
Article)
1,000 crore. The two proposals that have got in- while deaths due to terrorism decreased by 6,700,
principal approvals include Krishnapatnam or 30 percent. According to the report, coordina-
Infratech in Kota Mandal (Andhra Pradesh) and tion, sophistication, and frequency of suicide
Maharaja Multitrade in Nashik (Maharashtra) for bombings in Pakistan continued to grow in 2008.
multi-product and multi-services SEZs respec- The report also noted that India-Pakistan relations
tively. were improving despite an increased number of
infiltrat ions acros s the Li ne of Co nt rol , unt il the y
• The Supreme Court on june 01,2009 expressed were significant ly set back by the M u mb ai attack
its anguish over the increasing incidents of dowry in November 2008.
deaths and suggested that no mercy be shown to
those accused of burning women to death over • Congressional Research Service has prepared a
dowry demands and such persons should be report according to which Pakistan with about 60
hanged. The Bench was hearing an application nuclear warheads primarily targeted towards In-
filed by Pr em Kuma r G u l ati, the el der bot he r-india is continuing production of fissile m a t erial for
law of the bride, who was burnt to death in weapons and adding to its weapons production fa-
Haryana. He was awarded life imprisonment by cilities and delivery vehicles. CRS is a research
the Punjab and Haryana High Court. The appli- wing of the US Congress which prepares reports
cant was accused of burning his brother’s wife in for Congressmen. It confirme d the recent stat e-
collusion with his brother and mother. The Court ments and media reports that Pakistan was expand-
said that in India hundreds of innocent women are ing its nuclear arsenal. According to the report,
being burnt to death. It is an uncivilised act. This Pakistan stores its warheads unassembled with the
is against the norms of civilised society. It’s bar- fissile cor e separat e from non- nucl ear expl os ives,
baric. and these are stored separately from their deliv-
ery vehicles.
• US State Department released an annual report
on terrorism on April 30,2009. According to the • A 1973 batch IAS officer of the G u j arat cadr e,
report, India ranks among the world’s most ter- Ashok Chawla was appointed Finance Secretary
rorism-affected countries. The report on terror- in the Government of India. Ashok Chawla hold
ism was released on April 30. The report high- various important port-
lighted the 26/11 Mumbai carnage and seven folios in the fiel d of
other major terror strikes across India in 2008. economy, Industry,
The terrorism report 2008 was heavily focused Chemicals & Fertiliz-
on Pakistan, far more than Iraq or Afghanistan, ers, Oil and Natural
and paints a grim picture of a country in the throes Gas, Insurance and in-
of endemic extremist violence. Approximately frastructure. He also
11800 terrorist attacks occurred in various coun- worked as Secretary,
tries during 2008, resulting in over 54,000 deaths, Department of Eco-
injuries, and kidnappings. Compared to 2007, at- nomic Affairs and Sec-
tacks decreased by 2,700, or 18 percent, in 2008 retary, Ministry of
59
SECTION - 1
4 (Article:
(Current Hindi
Affairs)
Article)
Civil Aviation. Also he was given Additional • Leader of Meghalaya United Alliance Donwa
charge of the Department of Financial Services Dethwelson Lapang was sworn-in as the Chief
since May 1,2009. Minister of Meghalaya on May 13,2009.
Meghalaya United Alliance is comprises of the
• 1975 batch IAS officer of An dhr a Pr adesh cadr e Congress and a regional party, United Democratic
H. S. Brahma took the charge of Secretary, Union Party. The alliance has 37 Members of Legisla-
Ministry of Power on May 12,2009. He was ear- tive Assembly -26 from the Congress, nine from
lier Special Secretary, National Disaster Manage- UDP and two Independents-in the 60-member
ment Authority in the Ministry of Home Affairs. house. Meghalaya was under President's rule since
March 18, 2009 after the governor reported that
• 1971 batch IAS officer of An dhr a pr adesh cadr e there was a 'breakdown of constitutional machin-
JS Sarma took the charge of the chairman of the ery.' President's rule was lifted on May 8.
Telecom Regulatory Authority
of India (TRAI) on May • Ruth Padel, one of Britain’s most respected po-
14,2009. He succeeded ets and great-great-granddaughter of Charles Dar-
Nripendra Misra who superan- win had been elected the first w o ma n Pr of es sor
nuated on March 22. After of Poetry at Oxford University in 300 years beat-
Nripendra Misra’s retirement ing Indian academic Arvind Krishna Mehrotra.
AK Sawhney, the senior-most Later on May 26,2009 she was forced to quit fol-
member in Trai had been act- lowing a row over her alleged involvement in a
ing as the TRAI chairman. TRAI smear campaign against her main rival, Nobel
is an independent regulator for all issues relating laureate Derek Walcott.
to telecom and broadcasting. The salary and
emoluments for the TRAI chairman's position was • Aditya Puri, managing director of HDFC Bank
recently increased to Rs 3 lakh per month, who was ranked as India's
holds a three-year term as the industry regulator. Best CEO (overall) in
Finance Asia
• Pascal Lamy was reappointed director-general magazine's annual
of World Trade Organisation. The General Coun- poll of investors and
cil, on 30 April,2009 endorsed reappointment of analysts. He defeated
Lamy for a second term of four years. He was Infosys Technology,
elected unopposed for the post as none of the Bharti Airtel and Re-
WTO's 153 member states put forward another liance Industries to
candidate by the deadline of December 31, 2008. take the top spot in
A French political advisor and businessman Pas- 2009 poll. Finance
cal Lamy had worked as European Commissioner Asia conducts annual
for Trade. He is also Honorary President of Paris- polls to rank Asia's top companies in different cat-
based think tank Notre Europe. egories, including those with the Best CEO.
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• Leader of African National Congress (ANC), • Leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Uni-
Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma took oath as fourth fied Ma rxi st Le ni ni st) Ma dha v Ku ma r Ne pal
President of South Africa since the end of apart- sworn in by President Ram Baran Yadav as sec-
heid. He was administered the oath by Constitu- ond Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic
tional Court Chief Justice Pius Langa in front of Republic of Nepal on May 25,2009. Earlier he
Father of the Nation for the New South Africa received 359 votes out of the 601-member Con-
and first bl ack pr es ident N
e l son M
a ndel a and 30 stituent Assembly and was declared winner.
Heads of States and Governments on May 10,2009 Nepali Congress president Girĳa Pr asad Ko i ral a
in Pretoria. Jacob Zuma, a self-taught man who and senior congress leader Sher Bahadur Deuba
fought the apartheid regime from inside South proposed Madhav Kumar Nepal’s name while
Africa and spent 10 years in prison in Robben Is- CPN-UML chairman Jhalanath Khanal and 21
land along with Mandela succeeded outgoing other Constituent Assembly members supported
President Kgalema Motlanthe. Jacob Zuma was it. The UCPN (Maoists) boycotted the election
the head of the ANC’s internal security wing dur- announcing they would not support the govern-
ing the struggle against apartheid. The election ment. The CPN (unified) and the Jana t a D a l al so
held in April 2009, his party ANC polled 65.9 per boycotted the House. He replaced first M a oi st
cent of the votes and narrowly missed getting the prime minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda
two-thirds majority in parliament. who had resigned on May 4, following a row over
the tenure of Army chief General Rookmangud
• Human rights activist and vice-president of the Katawal.
People’s Union for Civil Liberties, Binayak Sen
was granted bail by Su- • The former Deputy Director-General of the
preme Court on May Telecom department, Runu Ghosh was sentenced
25,2009. Binayak Sen to three-year rigorous imprisonment by a court
was arrested under the on May 15,2009 for amassing disproportionate
act on the charges of assets worth Rs 20.94 lakhs during the tenure of
acting as a courier for former union minister Sukhram and ordered for-
an alleged Naxalite feiture of the assets. She was convicted for acquir-
ideologue. He had been ing the illegal wealth during a period from No-
in detention in Raipur vember 1, 1992 to August 16, 1996 while serving
jail since since May 14, as deputy director general in the Telecom depart-
2007 under the Unlaw- ment
ful Activities (Prevention) Act.
•
Conservative supermarket magnate Ricardo
• P. Sabita Indra Reddy was given the responsi- Martinelli was elected New President of Panama
bility of home minister in newly formed cabinet on May 3,2009. He got 61 percent votes and rul-
in Andhra Pradesh. She became first w o ma n in ing party candidate Balbina Herrera got 37 per-
Andhra Pradesh to hold the post of home minister cent votes. Former President Guillermo Endara
of state. was a distant third. 54 -year-old Herrera served
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as housing minister under outgoing President • Horst Koehler was reelected as the President
Martin Torrĳos . Pr es ident s in Pa na ma are el ected of Germany by a single vote for a second five year
for a single, five-year term. The U. S. -educat ed, term on May 23,2009. The 1224-seat assembly
pro-business 57-year-old Martinelli owns members and state representatives of the country's
Panama's largest supermarket chain. He promised 16 state legislatures, who include local television
work for a national unity government. celebrities and sports stars, voted in a secret bal-
lot. He had the backing of Chancellor Angela
• Sister Mary Prema was declared new superior Merkel's Christian Democrats and the opposition
general of the Missionaries of Charity, a congre- Free Democrats. Horst Koehler received 613 votes
gation founded by Mother Teresa. German-born while his opponent the center-left Social Demo-
nun Mary Prema replaced Sister Nirmala Joshi, cratic Party candidate Gesine Schwan secured 503
who was re-elected for the third time on 13 votes. Horst Koehler had been managing director
March,2009 but she requested to be relieved of of the International Monetary Fund between 2000
her duties due to ailing health. Miss Joshi has led and 2004.
the congregation since 1997, after the death of
Nobel laureate Mother Teresa. Missionaries of • INS Airavat, the fifth indi genous ly- bui lt land-
Charity (MoC)was established in Kolkata in 1950 ing ship tank, was commissioned into the naval
by Mother Teresa. She was awarded Nobel Peace fleet at the Ea stern Na val Co mma nd (ENC) base
prize in 1979. MoC is a Roman Catholic religious Visakhapatnam on May 19,2009. The warship can
order comprising of over 4500 sisters in 133 coun- carry 10 main battle tanks, 11 combat trucks and
tries. 500 troops and has a considerable range and en-
durance on sea. Third of the Shardul Class of ships,
• The government of India appointed Hardeep INS Airavat is the most contemporary and fully
Singh Puri as India’s Permanent Representative indigenized LST (L) in the Indian Navy. The war-
to the United Nations. ship has soft-kill ability through chaff rockets
He succeed Nirupam which could be used to clutter the sensory inputs
Sen, whose term ended of an incoming energy aircraft or missile. It is
March 31,2009. A also fitted w
i th remo t e pr opul sion cont rol , bat tle
1974-batch Indian For- damage control and automated power management
eign Service officer , systems. INS Airavat would augment the opera-
Hardeep Singh Puri tional capabilities and reach of the Eastern Naval
served as India’s ambas- Command, in addition to enhancing the amphibi-
sador to Brazil and prior ous and disaster relief potential of the Eastern Fleet.
to his new appoint-
ment, he was as secre- • The ‘Time’ magazine has published Time 100
tary (economic affairs) list of the World's Most Influent ial Pe opl e’ in the
in the external affairs category of political leaders, celebrities and aca-
ministry. demicians among others in the May 11,2009 an-
nual Time 100 issue. World's Most Influent ial
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People list was prepared by magazine's editors and it was different from popular choice in TIME.
com's online poll. Infosys co-founder Nandan Nilekani (31st) and Oscar winning Indian music direc-
tor A R Rahman (59th) made it to the list. Democratic senator Edward Kennedy and British premier
Gordon Brown made it to the first and second spot res pect ivel y. U
S secret ary of St at e H
i llary Cl int on
is in the eighth place, Pakistan army chief Ashfaq Kayani is sitting pretty at the 19th position, just a
spot ahead of President Barack Obama. German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President Nicolas
Sarkozy, Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos and media celebrity Oprah Winfrey also placed on the list.
Sri Lankan performer in the ‘O Saya’ song of Slumdog Millionaire, Maya Arulpragasam placed 43rd.
• The U.S. State Department's security director Gregory Starr was appointed new U.N. security
chief overseeing the world body's far-flung secur ity operat ions . St arr wa s gi ven res pons ibi lity of
protecting more than 285 U.S. embassies and consulates overseas as well as 100 domestic facilities.
He replaced David Veness of Britain who resigned in June 2008 over the December 2007 truck bomb-
ing at U.N. offices and anot he r bui ldi ng in A
l gi ers tha t ki lled 17 U
. N. staf fers and inj ur ed 40 ot he rs.
Prakash Mehra passed away
Seventy year old Veteran film ma ker Pr akash M e hr a passed awa y on

May 17,2009 at Andheri in Mumbai.. Mehra had begun his career as a
production controller in the late 50s and turned director with the musi-
cal super hit Haseena Man Jaayegi (1968) starring Shashi Kapoor. He is
credited for giving Amitabh Bachchan that big break with his Zanjeer,
following which there was no looking back for Bachchan. They together
made seven film s , mo s t not abl e of the m bei ng He ra Phe ri (1976) ,
Muqaddar Ka Sikandar (1978), Laawaris (1981), Namak Halal (1982)
and of course Sharaabi (1984). Bal Brahmachari (1996) was his last di-
rected film and Re kha starrer M u j he Me ri Bi wi Se Ba cha o (2001) w as
his last produced film
. Pr akash M e hr a wa s one of the first Bol l ywoo d dir ect ors to t ry
venture into Hollywood.
• Madhu Kannan was appointed managing director and chief executive officer (CEO) of Bomb ay
Stock Exchange (BSE) on May 11,2009 by its board. Prior to his appointment, he was a managing
director (corporate strategy) with Bank of America-Merrill Lynch based in New York. Kannan also
held various senior roles across businesses at the NYSE Euronext. The post of CEO was lying vacant
ever since its managing director, Rajnikant Patel, resigned abruptly in August 2008.
• Rajan Santosham, cardiothoracic surgeon and chairman of the Santosham Chest Hospital Rajan
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Santosham was elected the Regent for India of the the careers of several MPs following damaging
American College of Chest Physicians and Sur- revelations about widespread abuse of the claims
geons, U.S. He was also elected the president of system by members of all parties.
the Indian Association of Cardio-Vascular Tho-
racic Surgeons that was held on May 17,2009 at • Admiral SM Nanda died after a prolonged ill-
Srinagar in Kashmir. ness on May 11,2009 in New Delhi. He led the
Indian Navy during the Indo-Pak Conflict of 1971.
• Congress leader YS Rajasekhara Reddy took Ninety three-year-old Nanda, a Padma Vibhushan
the oath as the 14th Chief Minister of Andhra award winner, Admiral Nanda was appointed the
Pradesh on May 20,2009. He became the first Chi ef Chief of Naval Staff on March 1, 1970. He retired
Minister in the State to be sworn in for a second in 1973. He was awarded the Param Vishist Seva
consecutive term after serving full five-year ten- Medal (PVSM) and the Ati Vishist Seva Medal
ure. Andhra Pradesh governor ND Tiwari also (AVSM) for his distinguished service.
administered the oath of office to 35 m i ni sters,
who were inducted into the ministry. • The Brazilian theater director and playwright
Augusto Boal passed away on May 2,2009. He
• Chairman, Intergovernmental Panel on Cli- was 78. Augusto Boal was known for the interac-
mate Change (IPCC), and director-general, The tive genre called the
Energy and Resources Institute, R.K. Pachauri ‘Theater of the Op-
took over as chairman, governing council, Na- pressed.’ It was a way
tional Agro Foundation (NAF). NAF was founded to establish a dialogue
by the C. Subramaniam, who was an architect of between audience,
India’s Green Revolution. playwright, director
and actors that encour-
• Britain's Speaker of the House of Commons, aged political activism.
Michael Martin resigned on May 19,2009 because Boal was arrested,
of a backlash over excessive expense claims by jailed and tortured be-
lawmakers. He is the first speaker to be for ced fore being exiled to Argentina by the dictatorship
out of office sinc e 1695. Be f or e M
a rtin’ s res igna - that ruled Brazil between 1964 and 1985.
tion, Sir John Trevor was last speaker to be forced
from his position in 1965. He was found guilty of •
Sant Rama Nand, associate head of the
accepting a bribe in 1695. Michael Martin was Jalandhar-based Dera Sacha Khand died on May
elected to represent a Glasgow constituency in the25,2009 after he wounded in the fatal shooting at
House of Commons in 1979 as a member of the a Sikh temple in Vienna. He was 57. At least 15
Labour Party and became speaker in 2000. other people were wounded, including four of the
attackers, who were eventually overpowered by
• British Justice Minister Shahid Malik was worshippers.
forced to resign on May 15,2009 in the MPs’ ex-
penses claims scandal. The scandal already ruined
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• Former South Korean President Roh Moo- Lakshmi Automatic Loom Works Limited and the
Lakshmi Card Clothing Manufacturing Company.
hyun died after throwing himself off a rocky cliff
He was the founder-president of the South India
that overlooks his home in the village of Bongha,
Cotton Association (1978-1998) and continued to
450 kilometers southeast of Seoul on May 23,2009.
be its emeritus president.
He was 62. Roh was under investigation for re-
ceiving millions of dollars in bribes from a busi-
nessman while in office. H i s admi ni stration ended • Sri Lankan Army killed Liberation Tigers of
in 2008 dogged by scandal and infight ing. Ro h Tamil Eelam chief Velupillai Prabakaran with at
Moo-hyun’s Uri party was hit by scandal and in- least 18 top leaders including Pottu Amman, B.
fight ing, and the re wa s fierce publ i c oppos i tion Nadesan and S.
to several of his policies. He was suspended early Pulithevan in an intense
in 2004, after parliament voted to impeach him battle on May 18,2009.
over a breach of election rules, but the Constitu- Prabhakaran founded
tional Court later overturned the move and he was LTTE on a culture of
reinstated. suicide attacks and had
developed an aura of
• A prominent and influent ial yoga teache r invincibility. He was
the prime architect of
Krishna Pattabhi Jois passed away in Mysore at
the bloody 30-year civil war, and was responsible
the age of 93. He popularised the school of yoga
for the assassinations of several political leaders
known as Ashtanga, characterised by fast-paced
including India's Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi
exercises that involve pronounced, but controlled,
in1991 and Sri Lankan President Premadasa
breathing while holding varying postures. He
in1993.
opened his own school, the Ashtanga Yoga Insti-
tute.
•
Many people died in Mexico from swine flu in
• Gadar Activist Bhagat Singh Bilga died on April and May,2009. Government decided to shut
down all schools nationwide for more than a week
May 22,2009 in Birmingham, England, at his son’s
and vastly limit public gatherings in the country.
residence. He was 102. He was the last surviving
A virus subtype H1N1 is an epidemic of a new
member of the pre-Independence Gadar Party
strain of influenz a vi rus ident ified i nApr i l 2009,
founded in San Francisco in 1913 by U.S.-based
commonly referred to as ‘swine flu’ .
Indians to join in the struggle for India’s indepen-
dence. He openly and totally opposed the Khalistan
agitation. • A key strategic town north of Mogadishu,
Jowhar was taken control by the Somali insur-
• Chairman and managing director of Lakshmi gent group al-Shabaab on May 17,2009.
Mills G.K. Sundaram died in Coimbatore on May
18,2009 at the age of 95. A doyen of the textile • Sikh guru Sant Rama Nand of to Sach Khand
industry, Sundaram was also the chairman of dera was killed with others in a rival group attack
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on a Sikh temple in Vienna, Austria. Later many people wounded in post-Vienna clashes in Punjab
and Haryana states of India.
• Scientists found evidence of an unexpected particle whose curious characteristics may reveal new
ways that quarks can combine to form matter. The new particle was temporarily designated as
Y(4140). It has a mass equivalent to 4140 million electron volts (MeV) of energy – in the sense of
Einstein’s mass-energy relation – and the symbol Y is indicative of its as yet unconfirme d and ill-
understood status. At present, it is not clear what exactly Y (4140) is made of.
• A new 47-million year old primate fossil Ida, found in Germany was unveiled to the world at the
American Museum of Natural History in New York on May 19,2009. It may be a key link to explain-
ing the evolution of early primates and, perhaps, telling them about developments that led to modern
human beings. Dr. Jorn Hurum of the University of Oslo, who led the two-year effort to determine
the fossil's importance, nicknamed it ‘Ida’ after his own six-year-old daughter. Ida, the fossil of a
young female that probably resembled a modern-day lemur was described as the most complete
primate fossil ever found.
• Tropical cyclone Aila wreaked havoc in Kolkata, its suburbs and across south Bengal. Aila also hit
Bangladesh's southern coastlines with wind-driven tidal surged inundating residential areas and breach-
ing embankments. Many people died on both sides.
Books and Authors
• Challenge and Strategy-Rethinking India’s Foreign Policy : Rajiv Sikri

• Is Slam in Danger of Going Soft? :Larry Rohter
• India and the Global Financial Crisis: Managing Money and Financ:Y. V. Reddy
• The Boy with the Topknot: A Memoir of Love, Secrets and Lies in
Wolverhampton: Sathnam Sanghera
• CIA's eye on South Asia: Anuj Dhar
• Tiger Hills : Sarita Mandanna
• The Icon : Marshal of the Indian Air force Arjun Singh : Air Commodore Jasjit Singh
• Government in India : An Inside View: T.S.R. Subramanian
• Why I Supported the Emergency: Essays and Profiles: Khushwant Singh
• The Two Lolitas : Michael Maar
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• AWACS aircraft was inducted into Indian Air Force on May 28,2009. Earlier the AWACS aircraft
landed at Jamnagar air base in Gujarat. The aircraft will operate from the Agra air base under the
Central Air Command as part of the extended fleet of the IL- 76s fami ly. Indi a became the first coun-
try in South Asia to own an AWACS, popularly called 'an eye in the sky'. The aircraft being looked as
a replacement for the IL-76 include Embraer and Gulfstream 550, which can carry out flyi ng m i s-
sions of over nine hours at a stretch.
• A meeting of the SCO security chiefs was held in Moscow in May 2009. The meet voiced concern
over the situation in Pakistan and the risk of its nuclear weapons falling into terrorist hands. The
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an intergovernmental mutual-security organization which
was founded in 2001 by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and
Uzbekistan.
• The Supreme Court strengthened the Special Investigation Team (SIT), headed by the former CBI
Director, R.K. Raghavan, by inducting the two more former CBI officers to pr obe rel at ivel y grue-
some incidents during the 2002 Gujarat riots. Thus it became a six-member team now.
• Astra is India’s first beyond vi sual range ai r-to- ai r m

i ssile (BVRAM) . It w
a s tes t-launc he d from
the integrated test range at Chandipur-on-sea on May 7,2009. Astra is a high-end tactical missile and
is envisaged to intercept enemy aircraft at supersonic speeds in head-on mode at a range of 80 km and
in tail-chase mode at 20 km.
• Former Governor of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab passed away on May 2,2009 at his house in
Shamli town of Uttar Pradesh at the age of 93. He was also a member of the Lok Sabha from 1998 to
1999.
• Renowned Marathi film di rect or and edi tor N S Va i dya di ed at the age of 83. He wo n m a ny
acclaims including ‘Filmfare’ award for best direction and editing of the film ‘Le k Cha l al i Sasarla’ in
1985.
• A team from Appalachian State University and Deccan College Pune analyses 4000- year-old
skeleton from India and found the evidence of leprosy. The skeleton represents both the earliest
archaeological evidence for human infection with Mycobacterium leprae in the world and the first
evidence for the disease in prehistoric India. The study demonstrates that leprosy was present in
human populations in India by the end of the mature phase of the Indus Civilisation (2000 BC) and
provides support for one hypothesis about prehistoric transmission routes for disease.
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World Bank Report
According to World Bank report, India can further its climate resilience through a com-
bination of measures and right incentives aimed at multiple levels of government-local,
state, and national. The Report, ‘Climate Change Impacts in Drought-and Flood-Af-
fected Areas: Case Studies in India’ is the first of its ki nd in Sout h As ia Re gi on. The
Report looks at options to tackle the problem of adaptation to climate change in selected
climate hotspots. It addresses both current climate vulnerabilities, identifies ef fect ive
coping strategies and investigates future climate impacts and adaptive responses. The
report’s regional focus is on two drought-prone regions of Andhra Pradesh and
Maharashtra and a flood pr one regi on in Or issa. It m a kes a strong case for a shi ft in
agricultural systems in order to overcome future climate change pressures.
The report said that building climate risk assessment as a requirement for all long-
lived infrastructure projects; explores new and innovative fina nci al ins trume nt s to pr o-
mote income diversification in rur al areas; emp ha sizes the need for aggres sivel y pur su-
ing water conservation and controlling groundwater demand at a larger geographical
scale and suggests strengthened support for agricultural research and extension to pro-
mote sustainable modes of dryland farming. The report has suggested a better manage
climate risks through setting up a climate information management system to help inte-
grate baseline information into policy, planning and investment decisions.
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• Amnesty International launched its report on

May 28,2009 in London. The 2009 Report pro- » Amnesty International recorded torture and
vides key trends and events in 2008 across 157 other forms of ill-treatment in 14 of the G-20
countries. According to the report, the World is countries during 2008.
sitting on a social, political and economic time » China is also the world’s leading executioner.
bomb that will explode if human rights concerns
are not addressed. Billions of people are suffering » China increased repression of human rights de-
from insecurity, injustice and indignity around the fenders, religious practitioners, ethnic minorities,
world and the global fina nci al situat ion ma de the lawyers and journalists.
human rights crisis far worse. More people were
driven into poverty and placed at increased risk
» In Japan, the number of executions increased
of human rights violations. In Africa, the food cri-
and prisoners faced prolonged periods of solitary
sis, a hallmark of 2008, had a disproportionate
confine me nt and ina dequat e acces s to me di cal
impact on vulnerable groups. In Asia, millions of
care.
people swelled the ranks of those already living
in poverty, as the cost of food, fuel and other com-
modities increased dramatically in 2008. » The world needs leadership that moves states
from narrow self-interest to multilateral coopera-
Facts: tion.
» Across the region, the gap between rich and
poor remained vast. » The world needs a new global deal for human
rights.
» During 2008 many governments continued to
» The consequences of the economic crisis can
ignore the voices of the poor and the marginalized.
only be addressed with a coordinated global re-
» The fina nc i al crisis and rising food pr ices af - sponse based on human rights and the rule of law.
fected those already living in or close to poverty
in the Middle East and North Africa,
» World leaders must invest in human rights as
» Recession has fuelled even greater repression, purposefully as it invests in economic growth.
as protests stemming from poverty, economic dis-
parities or a lack of justice are brutally suppressed.
• A six-day international festival of children’s
» In Latin America and the Caribbean, poverty, films showc asing films from 2 0 count r ies was
inequality and discrimination increased. held in Kolkata from May 24,2009. Hollywood
hit ‘Kung Fu Panda’ was the inaugural film of the
festival, it also included award-winning film s
» At least 2,390 people were executed worldwide. from the Netherlands, Italy, France, Iran, Japan,
China, Saudi Arabia and the USA – all G-20 mem- etc as well as some UNICEF productions.
ber states – accounted for the highest number of
executions
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• User trial of nuclear-capable ‘Agni-II' missile was successfully conducted by the Army on May
19,2009. Scientists from Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) were present to
provide the necessary logistical support. The test of ‘Agni-II', an indigenously built Intermediate
Range Ballistic Missile was carried out from a mobile launcher pad-4 of Integrated Test Range at
Wheelers Island near Dhamra, about 80 km from Balasore (Orissa). The state-owned Bharat Dynam-
ics Ltd is the nodal agency for the production of Agni-I and Agni-II missiles. Agni-II missile was first
tested on April 11, 1999, and inducted in the Army in 2004. The indigenously built surface-to-surface
Agni-I missile has a strike range of 1500 km, while Agni-II missile has the capability of hitting targ
ets at ranges between 2500 to 3,000 km with a 1000 kg pay-load.
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SPORTS for the first tim

e in 26 Cha mp i ons League m a tche s
and failed to defend its 2008 title. This was the
l As part of the ‘Win in India with India’ third title of the season for Barcelona. Thus it be-
programme launched by FIFA President Sepp came the first team to w i n the Spani sh trebl e of
Blatter in 2007, the La Liga, the King's Cup and the Champions
football’s world gov- League. Manchester United earlier won European
erning body has sanc- Champion Clubs’ Cup in 1968, then 1999 and 2008.
tioned 10 international Barcelona won first Eur opean Cha mp i ons Cup in
1992 and then in 2006. The UEFA Champions
standard artifici al tur f
League is usually referred to as simply the Cham-
fiel ds to the Al l Indi a
Football Federation pions League or less frequently as the European
(AIFF).The AIFF is un- Cup. It is an annual football cup competition
derstood to have picked organised by UEFA since 1955 for the top foot-
states where the I-League clubs are based and ball clubs in Europe. It is the most prestigious club
where the ambitious Asian Football Confedera- trophy in European football. Prior to 1992 the
tion programme ‘Vision India’ is being imple- tournament was offici al ly cal led the Eur opean
mented to lay the turfs. States like Goa, West Ben- Champion Clubs' Cup. The all-time record-holder
gal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Manipur, Punjab, Delhi, is Real Madrid, who won the competition nine
Sikkim, Maharashtra and Karnataka stand a good times, including the first five s eas ons it was con-
chance to get the turfs. FIFA is expected to handle tested.
the project independently in terms of bidding pro-
cess, contract signing and testing. Each artifici al l Inter Milan retained their Series A title with
turf is expected to cost a minimum of Rs four three games to spare after second-placed AC Milan
crore. put in a weak performance to lose 2-1 at Udinese
on May 17,2009. Inter's triumph, in former
l In Table Tennis World Championship held at Chelsea coach Jose Mourinho's first season i n
Yokohama in Japan, China swept away the cham- charge, is their fourth straight scudetto and their
pionship bagging all the gold and silver medals 17th overall. Mourinho now won titles with
in the in the eight-day bonanza. Remaining three Porto, Chelsea and Inter. It was Mourinho’s fifth
bronzes were won by Hong Kong, South Korea title in seven years in three different countries
and host Japan. Wang Hao of China won men’s having claimed the Portuguese crown with Porto
singles fina l def eating comp at riot Wa ng Li qi n and in 2003 and 2004 and the English Premier League
Olympic champion Zhang Yining won women’s trophy in 2005 and 2006 with Chelsea. Similarly
singles title defeating fellow Chinese Guo Yue. in Spain, Barcelona was gifted its 19th Primera
Liga title without kicking a ball on Saturday when
l Barcelona registered 2-0 victory against holder second placed Real Madrid was beaten 3-2 at
Manchester United in the European Champions Villarreal.
League Football fina l on M a y 28 at the stadi um
in Rome, Stadio Olimpico. Manchester United lost l England won the three matches one-day Cricket
series 2-0 by defeating West Indies’ in the third
71
a t ch at Edgbaston. Engl and pos ted a » Left arm seamer RP Singh of Deccan Chargers
and fina l m
daunting total of 328 for seven after being put in won the Purple Cap by taking maximum scalps
by West Indies captain Chris Gayle. It was their (23) in the event.
sixth highest one-day total.
» Matthew Hayden of Chennai Super Kings
• Deccan Chargers clinched the nail biting final s grabbed Orange Cap for scoring maximum runs
by six runs against Royal Challengers Bangalore (573) in Twenty20.
to win the Indian Pre-
mier League —Season » Adam Gilchrist of Deccan Chargers was ad-
II at the Wanderers in judged Golden Player of the Tournament.
Johannesburg on May
24,2009. Royal Chal- • East London’s 34-year-old actress and model
lengers Bangalore skip-
Dune Kossatz was crowned Miss IPL Bollywood
per Anil Kumble won
South Africa at a glittering event at the Monte
the toss and put Deccan
Casino entertainment complex in Johannesburg on
Chargers to bat led by
May 24. She represented Chennai Super Kings.
Adam Gilchrist.
Deccan scored 143 for
the loss of 6 wickets. It • South Korea won Asia Cup hockey title after
was Kumble's four- beating Pakistan 1-0 in a tough title-clash on May
wicket haul that restricted Deccan Chargers to a 16. World's top goal scorer Sohail Abbas of Pa-
sub-150 score. Chasing a modest 144 for win, kistan, who was recalled for the tournament, failed
Bangalore scored 137 for nine. Put into bat, the to convert any of the three short corners. Drag
Chargers had earlier found their nemesis in Anil flick speci al ist Ki m Byung- hoon of Sout h Ko r ea
Kumble (4/16) and it took Herschelle Gibbs' un- scored the winner in the 65th minute and fini she d
beaten 48-ball 53 and Andrew Symonds' brisk 33 as tournament's top scorer with six goals. It was
to reach 143 for six. Rajashtan Royals had won third Asia Cup hockey title for South Korea. Their
a y previous two titles came in 1994 and 1999. Korea
first edi tion of IPL he l d in Indi a in Ap r il-M
2008, defeating Chennai Super Kings. now holds both the Asian Games and the Asia Cup
titles and also secured a place at the 2010 World
FACTS Cup in India.
» 19-year-old Manish Pandey become the first • National champion Sayali Gokhale won the
Indian to hit an IPL century when he made 117 women’s singles title in the Spanish Open bad-
for Bangalore against Deccan in a round-robin minton championship at Madrid on May 24. She
match. beat Lianne Tan of Belgium 21-9, 21-18 in 23
minutes. The rest of the Indian team wasn’t able
» Bangalore skipper Anil Kumble was named to climb the highest step of the podium. English
Man of the Match. and Danish won four titles. In the men’s singles
72
Champions League Twenty20: Inaugural Champions League Twenty20 (CLT20)

tournament will be played in India from October 8-23,2009. Earlier the tournament
was scheduled to be held in 2008 but was postponed because of the Mumbai attacks.
CLT20 is a joint venture of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), Cricket
Australia (CA) and Cricket South Africa (CSA). IPL chairman and Commissioner Lalit
Modi will also be Chairman of CLT20. The Royal Challengers, Deccan Chargers and
Delhi Daredevils will represent India.
Champions League Qualifier s: -

» Deccan Chargers (Ind)
» Royal Ch'gers Bangalore (Ind)
» Delhi Daredevils (Ind)
» Cape Cobras (SA)
» Eagles (SA)
» Victoria (Aus)
» New South Wales (Aus)
» Otago (NZ)
» Trinidad & Tobago (WI)
» Wayamba (SL)
» Twenty20 Cup winners and losing fina l ists (Eng)
final , P. Ka shyap los t to H

a ns -Kr istian V i ttinghus
at Khanty Mansiysk, Russia, from November 21
of Denmark, while the women’s doubles pair of to December 14, 2009. Among the women, Air-
Shruthi Kurien and Aparna Balan went down to India’s Subbraman Meenakshi defeated second
the second-seeded Danish duo Line Damkjær seed China’s Ju Wenjun and tied for the third
Kruse and Mie Schjøtt-Kristensen. In the mixed place.
doubles fina l , the Engl ish pai r of Ro bi n M
i ddl et on
• World champion Viswanathan Anand was for-
and Mariana Agathangelou beat Arun Vishnu and
mally presented the Chess Oscar on May 6,2009
Aparna Balan.
by the FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov in
Baku, Azerbaĳan. He wa s awa rded for the year
• Grandmaster Surya Shekhar Ganguly won the 2008 for his outstanding play while retaining his
Asian chess championship following a draw World Championship title in Bonn. It was his sixth
against China’s Zhou Jianchao in the 11th and fi- Oscar. Thus he became only non-Russian to have
nal round at Subic, Olongapo City in the Philip- won the award more than 5 times. To put this
pines, on May 24. Sandipan Chanda and his ONGC achievement in perspective, the late
colleague K. Sasikiran joined Ganguly as the Robert.J.Fischer, chess genius from U.S.A, won it
qualifiers for the W
o rld Cup sche dul ed to be he l d three times.
73
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74
The maximum number of chess Oscars has been which concluded in Yerevan, Armenia on may
won by the Chess Master, Garry Kasparov-a record 30,2009.India, which had claimed two gold and a
11 times. The first w
i nner of Che ss O
s car w
a s Be nt silver medal in the previous edition held in 2007,
Larsen in 1967 and the award ceremony was held ended its campaign with a silver and three bronze
in Madrid. In 1988 Puig died and the award was medals this time around. Pin weight (46kg) pugi-
not given until 1995. They were reinstituted in list Sandeep was the lone Indian to make it to the
the year 1995, by the popular Russian chess maga- fina l s af ter Na mi t Ba ha dur (50kg) , Shi va Tha pa
zine-'64'. (52kg) and Vikas Khatri (54kg) lost in the semis
to settle for bronze medals. Up against host
• Pei-Ying Tsai of Taiwan’s (271) won the Ma- Armenia’s Koryun Soghomonyan, Sandeep was
laysian amateur Open golf tournament title by tied 1-1 with his rival at the end of the first round
three strokes. Rashid Khan signed off with a three but it all went downhill for the Indian thereafter.
under 69 to leapfrog 10 places and fini sh tied thi rd. The second round belonged to Soghomonyan, who
Vikram Rana slipped to 16th place after a round landed a flur ry of punc he s to not ch up five poi nts
of 76, while Gagan Verma, fini she d tied 23rd card- and establish a 6-3 lead over Sandeep. The decid-
ing 77. ing third round followed a similar script and
Sandeep could add just one more point to his tally
• Nike Golf athlete Paul Casey won BMW PGA and Soghomonyan eventually won 10-4.
Championship at Wentworth Club in the United
Kingdom. Paul Casey (271) carded 68 to win the
• Suranjoy Singh won the flywe i ght gol d in box-
title ahead of Ross Fisher (64), who fell just one ing after beating Armenia’s H Danielyan 4-1 on
stroke behind. Shiv Kapur of India signed off with May 16,2009 at the European Grand Prix event in
a level-par round to fini sh tied 35t h wh i le com- Usti Nad Labem, Czech Republic. With Suranjoy’s
patriot Jyoti Randhawa ended tied 64th after re- gold, Indian boxers grabbed four medals in he
turning his best card of the week. event. Earlier, Beĳing O l ymp i cs br onz e
medallist Vĳender Si ngh (75kg) , M a noj Ku ma r
• Indian judoka Ram Ashrey Yadav won a silver (64kg) and Jai Bhagwan (60kg) ended with bronze
after losing in the semifina l s.
medal in the 73kg event at the Asian Judo Cham-
pionship held from May 21-24,2009 at Chinese
Taipei. Among other Indians, Anil Kumar(100kg),
• Zhu Qinan of China and Artur Aivazian of
I Sanju Singh (66kg), KH Tombi Devi (48kg) and Ukrain got first and second pl ace res pect ivel y in
L Nirupama Devi (57kg) reached the semifina l s. the air rifle event of the shoot ing W o r ld Cup in
Five other Indians ended up at the seventh place Milan on May 23,2009. World record-holder
in their respective categories. Suma Shirur fini she d fifth wit h a t otal of 499. 7.
The 35-year-old who had shot a world-record
• Gold eluded Sandeep Singh who lost fina l but equaling 400 out of 400 in the Asian Champion-
ship in Kuala Lumpur in 2004, shot her best score
India managed its best-ever haul of four medals in a World Cup with a 398. Lajja Gauswami shot
at the AIBA World junior boxing championships a 397 but had to settle for the ninth place from
among 90 shooters.
75
• Helio Castroneves won Indianapolis 500 on May 24,2009 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in
Speedway. It was third victory of Castroneves at Indianapolis 500. Castroneves, a Brazilian who won
at the Indianapolis in 2001 and 2002, also became the first for ei gn- bor n dr iver w
i th thr ee Indy 500
wins, and the victory marked Penske Racing’s record 15th in the race. He became the ninth driver to
win the historic race three times, and his timing couldn't have been better.
• Jorge Lorenzo won the French Grand Prix and took the overall
MotoGP championship lead from Valentino Rossi on May 17,2009.
The Spanish rider fini she d 17. 71 seconds ahe ad of M
a rco M
e l andr i of
Italy, with Dani Pedrosa of Spain overtaking Italian racer Andrea
Dovizioso took third place with a stunning late burst.
• Valentino Rossi won the MotoGP world championship table after taking his first wi n of the season
in Spain on May 3,2009. Dani Pedrosa was on secon and Casey Stoner on third place.
• The Indian archery group won three gold and four silver medals in the second Asian Grand Prix
meet held at Tehran from May 18 to May 24,2009. The men’s recurve team, consisting of Tarundeep
Rai, Muni Ram Tirkey and Kapil, grabbed the gold medal beating Iran 217-211. Bangladesh won the
bronze medal defeating Nepal. The third gold medal was earned by compound archer L. Haridas
Singh in the individual event. The men’s and women’s compound teams fini she d second bes t to Iran in
the final . The me n’ s and w
o me n’ s comp ound teams finis hed s econd bes t toI ran i nt he final. The men
lost 220-227 and the women went down 207-208 to Iran. Tarundeep Rai won the third silver medal
losing the fina l 107- 108 to Iran’ s M
i lad V
a zi ri Te ymo or looei in the m
e n’ s recur ve indi vi dual event .
Compound women archer Sweety Kumari too settled for silver going down 102-108 to Seyedeh Vida
Halimian Avval of Iran. Tirkey and Sushma lost to Nadar M. and Zahara Nemati of Iran respectively
in the individual recurve bronze medal play-off.
• Qualifier D u an Yi ng Yi ng of Chi na def eated the fifth-s eeded Ker en Shl om

o of Israel 6-3, 6-4
in the fina l of the $10, 000 ITF wo me n’ s tenni s tour na me nt at the DL TA Co mp l ex on Ma y
30,2009.Though the tall Chinese allowed things to drift a bit towards the end, when she missed three
76
matchpoints while trying to serve out the match in the eighth game of the second set, she was easily
the better player against the stocky Israeli. The 20-year-old Chinese served well hit the flanks w
i th
punch and accuracy that proved too good for Shlomo.
Results
Singles Final: Duan Ying Ying (Chn) bt Keren Shlomo (Isr) 6-3, 6-4
Doubles (fina l ): He Chun Yan (Chn) and Rushmi Chakravarthi bt Kristina Pejkovic (Aus) and
Keren Shlomo (Isr) 6-2, 6-1.
• Roger Federer of Switzerland won the Madrid Masters Tennis defeat-

ing World No.1 Rafael Nadal of Spain 6-4, 6-4 on May 17,2009. The
second-ranked Federer broke Nadal once in both sets before firing hi s
sixth ace to win his 15th Masters Series title on the second match point.
Federer also won in Madrid in 2006. Federer ‘s win ended a five-ma t ch,
18-month losing streak against the Nadal of Spain.
• Dinara Safina of Ru s sia wo n Ital ian Op en Te nni s tour na me nt def eat ing comp at riot Svet lana
Kuznetsova at the Internazionali BNL d’Italia in Rome on May 9,2009. Safina w o n he r first singl es
title in 2009, playing her fourth fina l of the season. He r vi ct or y w
as w
o r th 350000 US dol lar.
• World number one Rafael Nadal of Spain won his record fourth Rome Masters Tennis on May
3,2009 beating defending champion Novak Djokovic 7-6 (2), 6-2. Earlier Nadal had won the title in
2005, 2006 and 2007.
• Romanian qualifier Al exandr a Du l ghe ru wo n W

a rsaw Op en on he r W
T A Tour debut beat ing
eighth-seeded Alona Bondarenko of Ukraine on May 23,2009.

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/study-material/Sports
77
SECTION - 61 (AWARDS)
AWARDS
The 62nd edition of Cannes Film Festival held at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès, in the resort
town of Cannes, in the south of France from May 13 to May24,2009. The main prize of Cannes Film
Festival, the Palme d’Or went to Austrian director Michael Haneke for his austere but powerful The
White Ribbon. The film is set amo ng a sma l l Pr ot es tant commu ni ty in nor the rn G e rma ny in the year
before the outbreak of First World War. For the first tim e in Ca nne s hi stor y, in 2009, jur y ha d a
majority of women, five out of the ni ne me mb ers.
WINNERS
» Palme d'Or: Das Weisse Band (The White Ribbon) directed by Michael HANEKE
» Grand Prix: Un Prophète (A Prophet) directed by Jacques AUDIARD
» Best Director: Brilliante Mendoza of the Philippines for Kinatay.
» Best Screenplay: Lou Ye for Chun Feng Chen Zui De Ye Wan (Spring Fever)
» Best Actress: Charlotte Gainsbourg in Antichrist directed by Danish film-maker's Lars Von
Trier
» Best Actor: Austrian Christoph Waltz in Inglourious Basterds directed by Quentin Tarantino
» Jury Prize Ex-aequo: Fish Tank directed by Andrea Arnold and
» Bak-Jwi (Thirst) directed by Park Chan-Wook
» Lifetime achievement award for his work : Les Herbes Folles (Wild Grass)
directed by Alain Resnais
» Palme d'Or for Short Film: Portugal's Arena directed by João salaviza
» Short Film Special Distinction: The Six Dollar Fifty Man directed by Louis Sutherland
• Wildlife biologist M.D. Madhusudan was awarded the Whitley Award in recognition of his work
to reduce human-wildlife conflict in the We stern G h a ts. M
. D
. M
a dhus udha n
is working as the Director of the Mysore-based Nature Conservation Foun-
dation (NCF). The award, reckoned to be one of the most important inter-
national nature conservation awards, includes a 30000 ponds project grant
to carry forward outstanding science-based research and conservation ef-
forts. Two other Indian conservationists Sudipto Chatterjee and Supraja
Dharini also received Associate Awards. Sudipto Chatterjee was given 10000
ponds to develop an action plan to conserve wild rhododendrons in the Eastern
Himalayas while Supraja Dharini was given similar support for a community based initiative to
protect sea turtles and dolphins in Kancheepuram.
78
SECTION - 61 (AWARDS)
• Bina Agarwal, Professor of Economics at the Institute of Economic

Growth was conferred the Leontief Award 2009. The Award is given to
recognise outstanding contribution to economic theory that addresses
contemporary realities and supports just and sustainable societies.
Leontief Award has been instituted in the honor of Nobel laureate
Wassily Leontief, given by the Global Development and Environment
Institute at Tufts University, US. John K. Galbraith, Amartya Sen, Paul
Streeten, Herman Daly, Dani Rodrik and Robert Wade are among the
distinguished winners of the Leontief Award in previous years.
• Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, Chairman and Managing Director of Indian Biotechnology-major, Biocon
was awarded ‘Nikkei Asia Prize’ 2009 for Regional Growth on May 11,2009. Japan's business daily
Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei) awards Nikkei Asia Prizes annually to individuals or institutions
from Asia Pacific regi on recogni zi ng out standi ng achi eveme nt s tha t im
p r ove the qual ity of life in
Asia. Established in 1996 to commemorate the 120th anniversary of Nikkei's founding, the Prize is
given to promote mutual understanding among Asian nations and to help people around the world
deepen their understanding of Asia.
• Pro-democracy leader of Myanmar Aung San Suu Kyi was chosen for Mahatma Gandhi Interna-
tional Award for Peace and Justice 2009. Leader of National League for Democracy (NLD) of Myanmar
63-year old Suu Kyi is a prisoner for the last two decades in her own country, Myanmar. Mahatma
Gandhi International Award for Peace and Justice is awarded by the Mahatma Gandhi Foundation of
South Africa. Ela Gandhi is the chairman of the Mahatma Gandhi Foundation.
• All India Radio has got three awards at the 10th International Radio Festival of Iran organized by
Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), in Tehran. ‘Family No.1’ a programme on HIV/AIDS
produced by All India Radio, Lucknow was given the Best Programme Award in the category- ‘Radio
Competition’. The Presenter of the ‘Family No.1’ Vivek Srivastava was given the Best Presenter
Award in the competition. The script writer of the programme ‘Ripples in a Still Pond’ Ms. Anubha
Mukerji Sen bagged Second Prize in the category of ‘Script Writers’ of the programme-entries.

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/study-material/Awards
79
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followed by specialised orientation for the Forest

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