.

...

.
( 407) ...

.

.

2010

 ./.


.........................................................................................................................6
1 ...................................7
1.1 ratio ....................................................................................7
1.2 .............................................................8
1.3 .................................................11
2 ...................................................................17
2.1 .............................................17
2.2 ...............................................19
2.3 . .................................................................................................19
2.4 - ...................................................23
2.5 .........................................................................................25
2.6 ........................................................................26
2.7 ..................................................................................................................................28
2.8 ...................................................................................................................................30
3 ..................................30
3.1 ................................................................................................30
3.2 ...........32
3.3 .....................................................................................32
3.4 ...............................................................................................................34
3.5 .....................................................35
3.6 ..........................................................................37
3.7 .............................................................................39
3.8 ..................................................................................................................................39
4 ..................................................41
4.1 ............................................................................................................................41
4.2 . ............................................................................................................42
4.3 ...43
5 .................................................45
5.1 . ...............................................................................45
5.1.1 .............................................................45
5.1.2 ........................................................47
5.1.3 . .......................................................................47
5.1.4 . ...........................................................................48
5.2 . ......................................................................48
5.2.1 ' ............................................................................................................48
5.3 ...............................................................................................................48
5.4 . ................................................................49
5.5 . ....................................................................................49
5.5.1 .................................................................................................................49
5.5.2 ............................................................50
5.5.3 .....................................................................................50
5.6 .....................................................................................................................51
5.7 . ............................................................................................................51
5.8 ...............................................................................................51
5.8.1 . ....................................................................................................................................51
5.8.2 . .........................................................................................................................51
5.8.3 ...............................................................................................................................52

5.8.4 .........................................................................................................................53
5.8.5 ......................................................................................................................53
5.8.6 ......................................................................................53
5.8.7 ..........................................................................................................53
5.8.8 ..............................................................................................................54
5.8.9 632 933 ...............................54
5.8.10 . ...............................................................................................55
5.8.11 ' 633 2 " ". ..............................................56
6 [ () . 1896/2006] .............................57
6.1 ........................................................................................................................................57
6.2 ................................................................................................58
6.2.1 -
..........................................................................................................................58
6.2.2 ................................................60
6.2.3 .........................61
6.2.4 ......................................................62
6.3 .........................................................................................................63
6.4 ...........................................................................64
6.5 .......................................64
6.6 ..........................................................................................................65
6.7 .................................................................................................................66
6.8 ............................................................................................................................67
6.9 ......................................................................................................67
6.10 ..........................................................................................68
6.11 .......................................................................................................................69
6.12
..............................................................................................................................................................70
7 ................................................................72
7.1 ...........................................................................................................................72
7.2 ..........................................................................................73
7.3 ..........................................................73
7.4 ..................................................................................................................74
7.5 ...........................................74
7.6 ................................................................................................................75
7.7 ................................................................75
7.8 ..................................................................76
8 ..................................................................................77
8.1 ......................................................................................77
8.2 ...........................................................................................................................78
8.3 , ....................................................79
8.4 . .......................................82
8.4.1 ......................................................................................................82
8.4.2 .....................................................................................................................83
8.4.3 ........................................................................83
8.4.4 ...............................................................................................................84
8.4.5 ..........................................................................................84
8.5 .......................................................................................................................................87
8.6 ...................................................................................................................................89
8.7 .................................................................................................................................90
8.8 .................................................................................................................91
9 ....................................................................................93
9.1 ...........................................................93
9.2 ...........................................................................................................................94
9.3 , ....................................................95
9.4 ....................................................................................................................97
9.5
./.

..............................................................................................................................................99
9.6 ......................................................................................................................................100
9.7 ...............................................................................................................................102
9.7.1 ..........................................................................................................102
9.7.2 ....................................................................................................................................102
9.7.3 ................................................................................................103
9.7.4 ...............................................103
10 ........................................................................................104
10.1 ........104
10.2 ...............................................................................................................105
10.3 ............................................................................................................................109
10.4 ......................................................................................111
10.5 .................................................................................................................................112
10.6 - ...............................................................113
10.7 ..............................................................................................................................115
11 ........................................................................................116
11.1 ................................................................................116
11.2 .............................................................117
11.3 ...............................................................................................................................119
11.4 ...................................................................................................................................119
11.5 .............................................................................................................................120
12 ......................................121
12.1 .................................................................................121
12.2 .............................................121
12.3 ...........................................................................................................................122
12.4 .........................................................................................................122
....................................................................................................124




. ...
IV
.
.
,
.
10.5.2008

./.

1.1

ratio

. 592-681 -
- ,
, .
: -
- ,
,
,

. - ,
-
,
[, , 3, 2008, 1],
. , ,
. 270 , .
2915/2001, .
, , ,

, [. . 633 2
] ,
'
[632-633, 662
].
. 592-681
.

,
. ,



' .

.
,
,
. ,
,
.
, .
, , ' ,
.
1.2

591 1 ,
(1-590) , ,
. ,
, 591 1
,
, ,
.
, . 2915/2001, : )
, ) , )
, ) .
:
.

30

.
,
,
[639, 648 681 ' 4 ]. ,
./.

 , ,
, ,
.
, , ,
591 1 , 228 . ,
. 2915/2001,
. 591 1
. ' ,
229 1 ,
30
.
.

. [.

: 20 - 237 1 . '
]. ,
591 1 , .
: ) , '
[ ' , . . 643 2 ,
6 12 . 2479/1997], )
[666 1 ], )
[679 1], ) (681
), ()
[681 ] , )
[681 ].
591 1, ,
. , ,
223
, .

224 . ' .
, [
223 ] 224 . ' ,
.

. . 237 269
, . 2915/2001,
, ... '
,
. ,
, .
,
, , "
", [ 192/2008 .]. 591 1
. '

()

[ 192/2008 .].
IV. .
270 5 , 591
,
, 591 1 . '
. ,

,
,
, .
, ,


, .
, ,
,
, .
,
, 649 1 670
,
.

./.

10

 , ,

. , -

.
' 591 1 ,
, '
, .
270 2 ,

. , ,

[270 2
. ' ].

[643 2, 650, 671 , 681, 681 -
] .
, .
,
[270 5 ],

681 ,
.

1.3

K 591 2
,
,
[// (), . , 2000, 1099 ,
, 1991, 25 : 28 ,

11


, 2005, 255 : 255 1227/1983 1984,
362 315/1972 1972, 1052 295/1996 1996, 1095
161/2005 2006, 1752 55/2004 ],
[: // (-), .. . , 2000,
1100 . , .. 2005, 255 1303/1974 1975, 606],

[//, .. , , . 12, 1979, 4-6 .
, .. 2008, 4-5 ,
, . . IV, 1969,
437 : 443 ,
, 1966, 80 , , 1968, 238.
, , . , 1980, 1103-1104].
,
,
, .
` ,
,
, ,
[// (-), .. . , 1099
2891/1989 1991, 1280 996/1994 1996, 386
430/2002 2003, 58 12/1999 1999, 161. 4794/1986
1987, 648. 170/2005 2005, 489. 42/1990
1993, 1394. 310/1993 1995, 259. 374/2000
2002, 61. 55/2004 ].

,

, [ 430/2002 2003,
58 9528/1996 1997, 687 996/1994 ..].
591 2 ,
,

' . 513 1 [ 1711/1980 1981, 1097
316/2008 2008, 1093 115/2005 2005, 340
./.

12

11111/1991 1993, 1635 638/1992 1993, 143].

, , , ( )
,

[ 402/1981 1981, 1559
621/2000 2001, 98 418/2001 1257/2002
1054/2003 2004, 178 953/2004 1051/2005 2006, 71].
, , ,
,
559 . 5 [ 621/2000 2001, 98 418/2001 ].

,
, ,
, ,

,
[ 1482/1977 1978, 1195
5/1985 1986, 72 885/1980 1981, 277 109/1981 1981,
1276 452/2000 1071/2004 2005, 253 170/2005
2005, 489].
591 2

.
,
, ,
[ 8781/1996 1997, 810]
, [
2511/1991 1992, 630]. ,
' [
19455/1992 1993, 1071].


. ..

13

 [677 ],
[681+671 ],
[270 2 ].


( ) 671 1 .
,
,
, ,
, : )

, )
215 )
.
,

46

[// (-), , , 2000, . 739-866

5, 1457 , , . 17 , 1991, 38 16108/1988 1993,
1371 3537/1992 1992, 891 . 3111/2000 2001, 1361:
46 ].

[///, .. , .. 17, 38 ,
, 1997, 44].

,
739-781 ,
, ,
[ 6033/1995 1996,1145 2169/1997
1998, 905 2075/2002 2003, 367].
, ,
,
[///
, .. . , 2000, 1457]. , [, ..
1997, 46-47]
,

./.

14


[' , . ,
, 1994, passim]
[' , . ,
, 2003, passim],
[ VII, 16 ].

, ,
.
,
. , ,
,
. , ,
,
' [, .. 1997, 45]. ,
,
, , '
,
, ultimum refugium,
[, ..].
(
)
,
[//
(-), .., . , 1458 8365/1989 1993, 1375].
.

[// (), .. . , 1458 1229/1983 1983, 838]. ,
,

[, .. 1997, 47 52],

15

 ( ),
, ,
. [ 164/2001
2001, 697],
(
, , ).

./.

16

2.1

592 1 .
1 592 , [592 2 ]

, .
592 1 ,
, : ) , )
, )
, ) ,
[ 681 ].
:
.

'

. 1438-1440 ,

. ,
,

[1441 , 121 ].
.

,
1372 1376 ,
,
' . 1374-1376 .
.

17

[1367, 1372 ].
IV. .
,
. 681 . ,
.. '
. 1386 ,
[1387 ] [1388 ].
,
592 :
[1389-1390 ], [1391 ),
[ 1442-1445] [1383 2 ]
[ 1384] .
681 . 681

[1393 ], [1394, 1395 ].
592
, [1400 ],
1403-1416 .
V.

592 2

592 1,
(
):
,
[ IV 178, V 82]
, [ 1453
16 . 1329/1983] 57, 59 932 .

,

./.

18

 [ IV 178 243].

2 592,
,
.
.

2.2

, ,
, ,

[ IV, 176-178].
:
)
[.. 600, 603 ].
) [599 ].
) [600, 601 :
, ,

].
) ,
[
] -611, 612 .
) erga omnes [613 ].
) [604
].
) [98 . ].
2.3

611 612 ,

19

 .
.

. 611 1 . '

,
592 1 , : )
)
.
,

. 215 1 221 1 .
611
.
'
[3 + 22
], '
. ' , , [611 2
]
, ,
. " ",
, lex
matrimonii
. , ,
, ,
.
,
,
. , .
, ,

. 3 1.
.

612 1,

592 1,
,
./.

20


.

22 ,
[612 2 ].

: (] .
612
[ 251, 549]. ,

, . ,
,

. ,

, . ,
[. 31 1]
.
612 1 . ,

' . 592 1
. ,
' . 323 . 2
, , .
.

2201/2003. 611,

612 1347/2001
( 1.3.2001) 2201/2003 [.
, ,
, . , 2007, 157
]. ,
611 612
.

2201/2003

21

 ,
.
2201/2003,

592 , .

1 2201/2003,

,
[1 1 . ],

592 1.
2201/2003
.
[ 3- 7] [ 8-15].
, 3, 4 5
,
[6
2201/2003] [6 . 2201/2003]
domicile .
,


:
, corpus, animus manendi,
. ,
. O
domicile,
,
:
. O
domicile (domicile of origin)
(domicile of choice). Domicile of choice
,
. domicile of choice
.
6
( .., domicile
./.

22

 ..),
[. 7 1 2201/2003].
,
.., , ,
,
6. 3

, (
),
. ,

domicile (
).

2.4

,

:
.

. [63 1

],

592 1 ,
[598 ].
598, '
( ).
, .
598
592 2 , 1.
.
.

. 1350-1352,

23

1354, 1356, 1357, 1360 ( ),

.
,
,
.

.

, 607,
. ,
.

(.. ).
.

. ,
, 608
,
: )

, . ,
[608 1 ].
)
(.. ), ,
[608 2 ]. , ,
.
IV.

592 1 , ,
,
[604 ]. ,
592 2 ,
, ' 591 1
286 . . '
,
, . , ,
. ..
./.

24

 ,
.

2.5

599 1 [269
].
. , .
269, .
599 ,
592 1
.

,
' ,

, ,
,
.
599 , '

, ..
, ,
[ 960/1985 1985, 1404],
. 268 4

[ 618/1992 1985, 1404].

, 599
. . 223
224, 592 .
, 599
. ,
. 591 1, . 527.
, . ,
[arg. e 525 2 ].

25

2.6

,
600 601.
,
.
,
,
.
, 600 601 : ) ,


,
[600 1 ] )
[601 . 1 ], )

, , ,
, ,
[601 . 2 ] )
[601 . 3 ].
600

,
.
601
,
.

,

.
600 601
, :
.

./.

26

 352 ).

,
. ,
,
,
, .. ,
.
.

. 601 . 1 ,

[415-420 ] .

[417 ].

,
.

[415 ].
.

. 601 . 2

, ,
, , , .
,
.
,
. ,

601

.
601 . 2 ,

.

, 601 . 2,

27

 . ..
,


. , ,
,
. ,
.
,
. ,

.
, 601 . 2
, , [592 2
] .
IV.

. 601 . 3

2.7

613. ,
,
,

.
, ' . 321,
,
.
, ,
[.
1381, 1438 ].

./.

28

 ,


.

605 [606 ].
613
,
. '
. 325-329 ,
:
, .

erga omnes
,
. ,
,
,
[ IV, 192].
erga omnes

. erga omnes
613

[1378 . 1 ]
[1372 2 ].
,
, [586 ],
,
' . ,

(, )
(, ,
), '

29

2.8

592 1 ,
,
.
, [606 ].
, [294,
297, 299 ]. 606
592 2 ,
298 299 .
592 1 ,
[605 ]. ,
.
592 2 . , 545
5 .

3.1

614 .
, [614 1 ] : ) '
. 1467-1472 ,
. 1465-1466 )
' . 1463 2 . - '
. 1463 2 . 1465-1466 -
[1510, 1515 1 ]
[1510 2, 1537 . , 1538 ]
) ' . 1479-1483

)
[.. 178 ] [1475-1476 ]
./.

30

 [1473 ],
[1477-1478 ] )
[1549,
1560, 1575, 1576 ] [1571, 1588 ]. ,

[1573 ]
1569 1570 ,
[800 ] )
[1592, 1598 ] [1592 ],
[1599 ],
' . 1649 , [1650 ],
[1566 . ].
, [218, 219 ],
,
,
681 .
,
614 .

681 ,
,
600, 601 603 . ,
[614 3 ]
614 1 2 . 592 1
,
.
,

[614 4 , 36 . 2447/1996].
614 4 ,
[744 ],

[747 4 ]

31

 [748 3, 5 ],
[759 3 ]. ,


, .
3.2

,


. ,
598, 600, 601, 603 606
,
: )
[614 1, 600 603
] ) [614 1 600, 601
] ) ,

[622 ]
,
[616 ] )
325 [618 ] )
[617 ] )
,
[98 . ] )
[744, 747 4,
748 3 5, 759 3 ]
[614 4 ] ) ,
,
599
, 614 1 .

3.3

612 , 622

./.

32


. ,
.

,

. ,

. 622 1 ,
, (
)
,
.

[22 -40 ],
[622 2 ].
622, .
,

(..

),
619 .
622 ,
: [31 1 ]
.
, , 622
614
2-3 . ,

681 ,
,
.

622
.

, 622

, 681 .

33

 622 .
2201/2003 : )
, ) , )
, ) , ) [1 3
2201/2003], 622
,
[ 614
].

3.4

,
619
614
.

. 614 1
,
618 [ V,
107].
, 619 :
.

: )
, )
, )
, .
, ,

, .
.

: )

,
, )

, , .
.
./.

34

, ,
, ,
, :
) , )
, )
.

, .
IV.

, ` .
V.

: ) ,
, ) , , )
, . ,
, .
VI.

, ,
, .
619
, .

3.5

[609 ]
[620 ],
,
. 614 1 .

620 ,
:
.

35

.
.
.


.
IV.

, ,
.
[ 6480/1994
1996,1027]. 620
, ,
,
.
.
620 621 ,

620 .
621 -
(.. ,
,
),
.
621
,

. ,
,
.
.

. 621,
559 . 14 .
./.

36

 621 ,
' . 614 2 681 2
, ' , ..
. ,
- [
560/1987 1988, 179].

3.6

600, 601 603

. ,
,
[747 4
614 4 ].
,
615
. ,
615 1
,

. 615 1
: )
,

( ) )

.

( ) .

615 1
) ,
, [615 1 ]

37

[615 3 ]. ..

,

(.. ).

, 615 1
.
,
[615 1 in fine ].
,
,
,
, ,
,
,
.
,
` 29,00 290 [615 2 ],


` .
, ,
.
, ,
, ` [615 3 ].
615
.
[ 32/1990 1990, 996], '
.
362, 366
387 .
, ,
.

./.

38

3.7

. 604, 617 .
614 ,

, 286 . (
).
,
614 , . '
, , ,
[617 . ].
617 . ,
,
619
,
. ,
,
.

3.8

,
613 ,
. , 618 ,
618
,
. ( 613 )

.
618 , erga omnes.
.
, .

39

613 [ IV, 208].

[ IV, 208].
erga omnes
618 ,
613 :


[619 ], ,

[618 . ]. ..
,
, ,

. ,
,
, .
,
,

,
.

./.

40

4.1

681 ,

,
,
.

681
,
,
681 , .
681 :
.

681 1 . ,
. ,
[1389 ], [1390 ],
[1391-1392 ] /
[1383 2, 1384 ], [1442-1446 ] [1485-1501, 1504 ]
,
[1503 1 ],
[1867 ].

. ,
,
,

' . 1503 2 . , .
.

[681 1 . ].

41


,
[1512-1515, 1537 . ], ,
,
. ,
[1512 ],
[1520 ].
, . 1510, 1527.2,
1530, 1537.1, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541 , 1526,
1532, 1533
[121 ].
.

[681 1 . ].

4.2

681

. 681 ,
666 1, 667, 670, 671 1-3 672
676 . ,
.

,
681 3
[
115, 268 4, 591 666 1
, (268 4 )].
[115, 681 1, 666 1
].
.

[910 . 4 ].
681 ,
./.

42

 [17
. 1, 16 . 10 ]. ,
[22-40 ].

3 4,
44/2001 5 . 2.
, (
2201/2003) 8-15 2201/2003.

.
. ,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
173 4 ,
,
, 150 .
,
[175 ], .
,
[528 . 2 ].

4.3

681 1 . 681 . ,
598, 600, 601, 605, 606, 744
759 3 .

43

 592 1 614 1 , 744 759 3 [681

1 ].
, [681 2 ],


, .

[19 4 . 2521/1997].

[681 2 . ],
.
, 681 3 ,

, ,
. 671 3 .
,
, ,
.

.

./.

44

5.1 .
:
. )
) . : )
, ) )
. :

5.1.1
5.1.1.1 .
' ,

, .
,
. ,

( ..
, ,
).

, ,
[, . 1997, 506 ].
[662 ],
,
( ) .

5.1.1.2

45

 .

[432-434 ].

. ..
,
,

, , ,
),
1, ,
,
(..
, , ,
),
' 182
(..
..
[76 . ' .. 17.7./13.8.1923],

,
, , ,
,

), ,

. ,
: , ,


1480/2007 (.).

,
.
( )
,
,

. ,


.
1

./.

46

,
, '
,
.

5.1.2

5.1.2.1

,
.
69 . '
,
. ,


. ,
. ,
. ,
, ( )

.

.
,
, . ,
,
632 .

5.1.3 .
,

.

47

,

,
. ,
, .
,
632 .
5.1.4 .

.
'
. ,
'
632 .

5.2

5.2.1 '
'

, ( )
(
).
5.3

.
,
, 22 40 .
,
' ,
. '
.
, '
./.

48

46 , (
) . ' '

632 .

5.4

[106
+592 ]. ' ,
' 215 2 ,
. ' .
, ,
,
72 .
,
.
,
. .
, : )
118 119 1 ) ( )
,
(
) )
' .
,
.

. .

5.5

5.5.1

49


.
. , (
)
.
, .
,
. ,
' .
. , ' .

627

.
.

5.5.2
,
623
624 , '
626 , ' 627
.
.

, '
.

5.5.3
630
. 300-306 .
,
.
.
, 315-320
.

./.

50

5.6

,
[630 ].

5.7

,
631 904 2 . ' .
.
' ' 632
, .
,
.

, 914 , 550 , 579 581 3 ,

,
.
.

5.8

5.8.1 .

.
,
632 .
632 ,
' 583-585 .
,
' .
5.8.2 .

51

 . '
,

,
(..
450 /, ,
,
).

.

5.8.3
15
.
632 1 . ' ,
. ,
632 1 .
' [ 47/1996 1997, 1276. ,
632 1 , 2001, 377].
( ),
, ,
, ,

[ 269/2000 2000, 989 682/2000 2001, 97].

632 . 632
, .
,
.
, ' ,
10 .
,
632 2 . ,

./.

52

 ' 933
938 .
5.8.4
'
. [, ,
]
919 , .

.
5.8.5

( ,
' )
,
.
,
632 ,
.
632 . '
933 ,
.
5.8.6

, .
,
.
5.8.7

53

 ' ,
[..
: , : ...].

. ,
.
.

5.8.8
.
.
632 2 , .
. '
.
: )
) )
.
.

, ,
565 2 [
1455/1983 . 1984, 415].

5.8.9 632
933
,
933 ,
632 .
. ,
' 632 .

( 632 ,
933
). ,
./.

54


218 , '
, [
: 2497/1998
1998, 916]. 632 ,
, 933 ,
,
.

5.8.10 .

. .. (..
),
. ,

,
,
. ,
,


933 .
,
:

.
,
,
331 . , ,

, .
, ,

55

 .
, .

5.8.11 ' 633 2 " ".

' 632 2 . ' ,
.
.
' 633 2 322 (.

). ,
, .

./.

56

[ () . 1896/2006]

6.1

, ,
1896/2006
(: )2. ,
861/2007 3,

,
. .
(6) ,
,
,
, ,
4.
,
(

, ,

,
),
, 29

2

L 399/30.12.2006, 1 . 33 1896/2006,

(30.12.2006) 12.12.2008 ( 28, 29, 30 31
12.6.2008). ,
.
3

L 199/31.7.2007, 1 . 29 861/2007,

(31.7.2007) 1.1.2008.
4

, . K. KOBAYASHI ,
Payment Uncertainty and the productivity slowdown, Macroeconomic Dynamics, Volume 2007 (11/02),
231 : 248

57

 5. , ,

6.2

6.2.1 -

861/2007
805/2004,
.
805/2004, exequatur
( 27 805/2004),
1896/2006 861/20076.
exequatur, ,
1
1 . 861/2007 1 2 . ,
805/2004,

,
30.11.2000 7.

29 ,
12.6.2008.
. 1 1 . 861/2007 (: 1. : )
,

), 19 (:


), 21 1 1896/2006 (:
, .

).
1 . (:

) 20 1
861/2007 (: 1.

).
6

C 12/15.1.2001, . 1.

./.

58

, ,
805/2004.

8 (:
), ..
,
,
.
,
, ,

exequatur.
,
805/2004: 805/2004
,
,
,
, 1896/2006 861/2007
,
,
.
,
,
861/2007, . :
.

,
( 1 1 . , 19, 21 1
1896/2006, 1 . 20 1 861/2007).
.

, ,
( 21 1
8

COM(2002) 746 , . 17 .

59

 20 1, 21 1 861/2007).
.

.
23 ,

20, ,
: ) , )
, )
, .

6.2.2
1 1 . 3 ,
.
,
25.5.2004
,

. ,

,


.
,

,
,
.

,
9.

COM(2002) 746 , . 6-7.

./.

60

25.05.200410.

,
,
.
.

,
11.
3 1 ,
,
12
.

6.2.3

24
, , ,
,
. 25.5.2004

13. ,

,
,
,

10

COM(2004)173 /3 - 2004/0055(COD), . 8

11

(COM(2004)0173 C6 0006/2004 2004/0055(COD)), . A6-0240/2005 (. . Mc
Carthy), . 18-19.
12

59 60
44/2001.
13

COM(2004)173 /3 - 2004/0055(COD), . 17.

61

 14.
.
,

,
. ,


(..
44/2001 6
2 2 . ).

,
,
3 1
.
, ,
,
,
24
, ,
15.

6.2.4

,
. ,
26 , ,
,
.
..

14

Ibid

15

COM(2004)173 /3 - 2004/0055(COD), . 17- 18.

./.

62

 16 2

, (
25 ) ..

,
,
.
,
.

6.3

,
,
.
: , ,

(acta jure imperii), :
) ,
, ) ,
, ,
) , )
,
,
( 2, 3 4
).

. 1 2 ,
,

63

.
44/2001,
,
,
. Mutatis mutandis,
861/2007,

.
6.4

1, 2, 3 4
:
ratione materiae

2 .
.

3 .

( 4 ).

IV.

.
1
. ,

( .. )
, , ..
.

6.5

44/2001 6 1 .

,
( 6 2
).
6

./.

64

 25.5.2004. 16


,
,
.

. .
29 1 ,
.

6.6

7 2 .

( 7 3 )
(7 4 ),
16 17 .

7 5-6 ,
. ,

,
17.

.
16

COM (2004) 173 2004/0055 (COD) . C 221/ 8.9.2005, . 77 86, 4.5,
4.6.
17

. , 26.3.2007 215
,
(http://www.protodikeio-thes.gr).

65

 ,
2, 3, 4, 6 7
( 8).
.
7,

( 9 1
), ( 9 2 ).
(
9 2 . ).
9,
( 9 1 ).

, (
C ),
( 10 1 )
.
,
( 10 2 ).
,
.

6.7

,
(
11 1 2, 3 ). ,
( 11 1
4),
44/2001 ( 11 1
6)
7 ( 11 1
7). ,
( 11 1 ).
, , ,
,
./.

66


. , ,

9 2 10 ( 11 1 ).
,

, .

6.8

11 1 ,
30
V ( 12
1 . ).
9 2 10
( 12 1 . ).
3 4 12,

.
6.9

( 12 5 ). ( 13 14
) ( 15 ).
13 14 .
, .
13

. 14
..
( 14 1 )
( 14 1 )

67

 ,
( 14 1 )18.
,

14 , .

, 16 2
.
6.10

30 ( 16 1 2 ).
1182/71
, ,
,
( 28 ).
F VI ( 16 1 ).

.
, .
16 2 ,

,

( 17 1 3 ).

,
.

16 3

,

.
18

805/2004, . . -,
, , 2006, . 639 .
./.

68

 ,
,
,
216 ,
16 3
.

,
.
, ,
20 1 (
14 ,
,

)

.
20 .

6.11
,
16 2
18 .
,

21 2 19. ,
.
,

19

20 1
805/2004,
. . -, , . 683.

69

 927 20.

22

1-2 (

,
,

). 22 1
,

, 933 21. ,
22 3 21 2
805/2004,
.
21 2 805/2004, 22 3

22. ,

, .. .
6.12


.

,
.


( ),
31
20

805/2004. . -,
.. . 684.
.
21

. 805/2004 . ,
, 31 (, 7- 10
2006), , . 23.
22

-, .. . 688 .

./.

70

44/2001.
23
805/2004,
20 ,


23. , ,

724 .
26 1896/2006,
,
24.

23

26 1896/2006 19 861/2007,
,

, ,
.
24

. , .
, , 2005, . 212.

71

7.1

,

. 635
, , ,
, , ,
,

. . 635-644

. .
[ V, 424]
, , ,
,
, ..
. ,

5533/1975

1976,

86].

[ IV 271, 410].
,
,
..

, [ IV 271, 410 V, 123].
, ,
.
(
),
,
./.

72

 . .
635 ,
,
,
[ IV, 270].

,
. ( ) .
635-644 632 3 .

7.2

, :
.

[635, 638 ].
.

[639 ].
I.

[640 ]

.
IV.

[644 1 ].
V.

[641 ].

VI.

[208, 226, 244, 266, 267 466 472 ]

7.3

638 1
[118, 119, 216 ], ,
637 646.

73

 .
, ,

.. .

, .

,
638 1 . 638 2

639
, , ,
.

7.4

639

[639 1

] , [639 2 ],
, ,
,
,
,
. ,
, 568 4 .
7.5

640 ,
,
.
,
,
.
,
, '
.

./.

74

, , ,
,
(. ,
..)

[.
482/1990

1990,

1005].

7.6

641 ,

.
268 . ,
.
,
,
.

7.7

[643 2, 649, 650
]. .
,
. , ,
,

75

 [463 ].


(
).
.
,
[643 2, 649 1 . 115 ].
649, 650 ,
643 2 654 .


.
, 649 1 ,
, .

7.8

(
) (, , )
, ,
.
'
.
. 520 523
. 654 1 .

-

( ,
, , ,
) 527 .

./.

76

8.1

647 .


[ IV, 288].
647
: ) ,
,
[648, 652 ] )
[649, 653 2, 654 2, 655, 656, 657 ], ,
, [649 ] )

[650 654 3 ] )

[651 ] )
[659 660 3 ],

(.. ) )

,

[661 ].

,

77

 647 . , ,
,

623 624
662
.

8.2

647
, [ 1331/2001 2002,1181]
, [619 ], [638
], [619 ].
[ 44 2 669/1977], [85 210/1973]
[
479/2001 2002, 437]. , '
, ,
[ 28332/2005 2006,412].
, [ 1482/1984
1985,160,161], .
,
,
[//(), , . , 2000, 1210-1211 , , . 13, 1981,
294 4106/1988 1989, 268], .. allotment [:

,



,
,
, ,

./.

78

 ,
. , 2273/2008 2008, 892 . .
75/2004 . 7765/1995 1995. 887. 91/2005
2005.1789 . ], [:



2273/2008 .. .
], (leasing),
, [ 1578/2006 2006,1522
2389/2006 2007,32 6188/2006 2007,204].
,

,
[ 9104/2009, .]

[ 30531/2009, .].
647 2 17 2

, '
,
[ 135/1988 1998,1394-1395]
.

3741/1929 [ 46/2010 ].

,
, .
3741/1929, .. ,
[ 46/2010 ].

8.3

22 1 44/2001 ,
,

79

" , , :
) ,
. )
,
,
,

". ratio
29 :
,
,
, ,
, ,
[ 14.12.1977 (Sanders/Van der Putte) 1977,
2383. 10.1.19980 (Reichert/ Dresdner Bank) 1990 , 27 .
27.1.2000 (Dansomner/Kotz), 2000. , 393].

. 16 1
, ,

16 1
,
[ 15.1.1985 (Rsler/Rottwinkel)
1985, 99 ]. ,
[16.9.1988, .
2460/97: ],


16.
,
,
16 , "
"
,
, ,
. 22 1
./.

80

 44/2001
. " "
,
.
,

.
2 44/2001
5 1 . "
" ""

[ : 10.1.1990 (Reichert/ Dresdner

Bank), .. 27.1.2000 (Dansomner/Kotz), .., :
14.12.1977 (Sanders/van der Putte), .)].
22
1 44/2001 ( 16 1 )
:()
,
,

[ 14.12.1977, (Sanders/ van der Putte) ..].

()

,
,

[
27.1.2000 (Dansomner/Kotz), ..].
22 1 .
44/2001
[ 14.12.1977 (Sanders/van der Putte), . ],

(..
, .),

81

 [ 26.2.1992 (Hacker/ Euro- Relais) 1992. , 1111],

trustee
[
17.5.1994 (G. Webb/ L. Webb), 1994., 1717]

[ 9.6.1994 (Lieber/Gbel) 1994., 2535].
' ,
4 ,
[ 14 1 . ', 16 . 1, 648 ],
[ 29 ],
( )
' 42 1 . ' .

, 23 5

44/2001

44/2001.

8.4

8.4.1


.

. ,

,
.

./.

82

8.4.2
215-219
( )
[ 648 . ' , ' , . 648,
654 2, 226 ]. 226 1 . 2-3, 3-4
.
218, 219 , ..

[ 594 361 ]. 66
( )


[ 3579/1989 1992,290-292].

8.4.3

. : )
,
[ 662 ].

,
, .
662
, .

,
[ 232/1988 1989,543 ]
, '
597,608 34/1995 [ 678/1986
1988,106], ' 66 .

83

 [ 491/1998
1998,1589] . )

[ 66 . 2 ],

597 AK [ 1177/1981 1982,793].
,
,

69 2 [ 598/1991 1991,787].

8.4.4
648

, ,
,
.
. , , 648
[
(-), , . 2 , 2008, 44
. 11, 114 . , , . 12, 308 , ,
3, 2008, 240].
[ IV 288,289 V 136,440].
, 9 2
26.6./10.7.1944 .

8.4.5
233-281
: ) .
,
( 649 1 . 3 ).
, [ 591 1 . 2' ].

./.

84

 [ 591 1 . 2'
]. ,
) .
[ 649 1
. 4 ]. , , [ 241 ] ,

650

2-4

],

[ 245 ],
[ 286-292 ], [ 307 ]


[ 254 ] ) .
,
[ 268 1 591 1 ] ) .
[649 . ],
[653 1 ],
[ 271
].
, [173 ] ..,
7 1544/1942

' [. -//,
2915/2001 3043/2002, 2004,
55] ) .
81 3 . 2238/1994

, ,

[. , ,
, . , 2005, . 295 , , 2003, .
328-329 , , . , 1995, . 897-898 ,
1294/2009 2010, 234 ]. ,

227
[ 5494/1994, 1995,1609 1442/1989 1989,

85

287 86/2008 2009, 106],

,
[ 5494/1994 ..]. , 621/2000


559 . 14 [ 621/2000 2001, 766 = 2001, 766],

[ 1294/2009 2010, 234 1164/2009 205/2006
1371/2005 1412/2004 2005, 815].

,
,
[ .. 24/2004
2005.35] ,
[

31/2007

81 . 3 .

2238/1994 /
. 1

.

.

,
, ,
285/2008 1530/2002 2004, 88 .
] ,
.

,
,


[ 1371/2005 ].

, 14
./.

86

, ,
' '
[ 106 1 .. 118/1973, 17 3-4 . 1473/1984, 2 .
1329/1983].
. [ 106 1
118/1973].
,
, ' [ 106 1 . 1
118/1973 1331/1995 1985,1133 .] ) .
293-299
.
661
,
[ 661 ].
661 597 .
, ,
.
,

.
, .
, ' 661 . ' ,
,
[ 184/1994 1995,862].

8.5

647 . [
649 1 ]. [ 649 1 ].
650 1 ,

87

,
. ,
,
[ 13/1998 1998,933],
[ 69/1993
1995,1072],
[ 675/2002
2003,772]. , ,

,

559 . 11 . ' .
591
1 . .
,
[.. ].

.

, ..
,
650 1

, ,

,
[ 383/2007 . ,
, 1988, 253-257].

, . 1478/1984 . 2915/2001

,

.
./.

88

,
393 , 399 . [
]. ,
, ,

[650 1 ] , ,
, [ 160/2006
2006,907 . ].
, ,
.
,
591 1 . .
,
650
,
, ,
,
(336 3, 339 395 ) [ 8/1987 1987,628], ,
,
[ 172/2003 2003,1292].

8.6

647
[321 . ].
. 2 651

,
'
331 . ,

89

 647
. . , ..

Mutatis

mutatis,

330 (
).

8.7

652
. ,
, ,
[ 652 1 ].
652 ,
.
518 2, 545 5 564 3 .

[152 ]
[652 2
].
652 1-2 ,
10
.

[ 328/2005 2006,1438].

( 520 2 ),
[ 591 1 . ' ],
,
[ 4980/1994 1996,425].
648 ,
, 649 1 , ,

./.

90


, 649 2 654
.

559 . 10 ,

' .

647 .
,
[ 1628/2005 2006, 693]

8.8

910 . ' '

, .

,
.

, .. ' 919-920 , , ,
659 .
, ,

' .

.
659
, ,
,

91

 325 . 3 919 ,
(
..).
659
,
, ,
.

. ,

,
.

ratione personae 659
,

, (..
.. )
,
.

./.

92

9.1
663 .


,
, ..
[681 ],
[681 ],
[681 ] ... ,
,

) [, , . 13, 1981, 346].
.

: )
[867 ] )

, (665
) )
(..
,
) ) [664 ],
, )


)

,

93

 ,
[669 ].

9.2

663 . ,
: )
.. ..
664-676
( )
(
). ,
,
. ,

, .
: i)
ii)

[ 3/1995 1995, 585] iii)

iv)

v)

vi) (
/ vii)
, ..
, ...
, ,
,
663 . 4 . ,

./.

94

 ,
. )
.

.

,
,
,
,

.

)
.

)

.


,
. .

)
..

9.3

18-21
44/2001.

95

 .
.
(19 1 44/2001)

(19 2 . 44/2001)
,

( 19 2 . 44/2001).
,

,
.
' ,
,
.
.
,
,
( 2 44/2001).
,
( 20 1
44/2001),
,
( 20 2 44/2001). , ,

44/2001
( 21 44/2001)
,

( 21
44/2001) .
' ,

[14 1 . ' ]

[16 . 2-6 ].
./.

96


22 - 41 . , 664
, .
663
,
,
.
,
.

9.4

( 666 1
) 664 - 676 .

(
215 1 ),

,
(665 1 ).
668

.

. 668
.
,
, , (

97

 ) .

( 81 ).
665 1
, ( 81 1 231 ). ,

.
,
,
665 1 .
,

'
(71 ).
( 115 1
).
.
,
672 .,
,
.
.

,

. ,
( )
(665 1 ).

.

. ,
96 1, 2 [ 327/2001 2001,
1343].
./.

98

,
.

,
(672 ).

. ( 260
). ,
, '
.
,
,

( ),

,
( 666 2
).

. ,
( 667
).

9.5

,
.

669

99



,
,
( , 80

).

( ): )
) )
(

). ,
669
. , , 669
.
,
[669 . 1 ),
.
,
( 669 . 2 ). , ,


[669 . 3 ].
.

9.6

. .

[671

1 . ' ]. ,

./.

100

 339 .

[ 227/2006 2006, 1061],
[
1566/2006 2006, 1420].
24 ,

[270 2 . '
].
591 1 671 .
, ,
, , ,
. [671 2 ]. ,
, ,
, , ,
, , , .
.

, [671 3 ].

[254 ].
672


. ,

101

9.7

9.7.1

501 .
665 .
[501 . ].

9.7.2

[495 . 512 . ].
(22 .
1264/1982), ' ,

[674 3 16 .
3674/2008].
. 665


.


[665 2 ].
,
.

[674 1 ]
, .


[528 ]
( . 2915/2001
./.

102

 ).
528 ,
, .

9.7.3
668 674 .
495 . 538 .
.
669
[675 ].
[495 . 552 .
].

9.7.4
,
[676 ].

152 ,

.

103

10
10.1


,

677 ,
.


,

.

,
. , (
867) ,

,
.

677 , : )
,
[679 . 94 2 . ' ] )
( )
[679 1
] )
[678 ].

677 681 .
[666
3, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674 1 676 ].

./.

104

10.2
677
:
) , ,
, , ,
, , , ,
,

,

[677 1 ].
(..
, , ..),

,
. , ,

.
(..
,
...)

[ 7325/1981 1983, 724 . 892/1986 1986,
348]. ,
. 677 ,

[677 . 1 ].

.
.. ..

105

 (.. ), -
,
.
677 .


[ 101/2006 2006, 925]. ,

,
,
. ,

[1 48/1994 2 405 30/31.5.1956]
[, , 2, 2006, 651 26/1993
1994, 505].
,
.
[ 30/31.5.1956 1 4, 5].

[
993/2003 2004, 302 1848/1987 1988, 546].
677 .
,
.

.
.

.
,
, . ..

,
[ 140/2007 2007, 1153].

./.

106

[()/()/, , . , 2000, 1287 , , .

13, 1981, 403 (-), , . 2,
2008, 46 . 11, 165 567/1992 1993, 32]. ,
,


(
677 ) ,
( ,
- ).
, ,
,
(

). ,
,

,
.

677
.
) , ,
'
,

,
, (677 . 2
). ,
, '
, [ 5563/1992
1993, 170 2652/1991 1993, 170]

107


,
,
.
, ,
[ 408/1996
1997, 82], , [
9420/2005 2006, 1085], , , [
1056/1981 1983, 291 . ] [ 12/1973 1973, 397],

[677 . 3
].

.

.


' (647 .
).
) ,
,
,

,

.
,

678- 681 [882 6 ].
882 6
,
[14 1 ]
. ,
./.

108


, ,
[ 2270/1991 1991, 685].

10.3
677 . 1
: ) , )
, ) , ) .
, .
[ IV, 419 ()/()/,
, . , 2000, 1238 (-),
, . 2 , 2008, 46 . 17, 167 ,
, 3, 2008, 356 77/1977 1977, 216],

,

[.. ,
479 . 2492/2001 2002, 67].

677 .1
, , de lege ferenda
,

.
,
[..
(471, 479 )], [.. (479 )]
,
[..
].
,

,

109

 ,
. ,
(..
)
. ,

..

,
.
, ,
, (72 )
. ,
...
, ,
[1 48/1994 . 2 405 30/31.5.1956].
Mutatis mutandis, . 2 3 677

,
.

.
[368 -392 ]
. ,

,
,
.



, 385
[ 525/1979 1979, 1582 .
...].
./.

110


[, - , 120 .]. ,
,
108 173 3
,

. 173 3 189 1
.
[-, , . 177]
,
.

,
[,

29/1977,

1977, 961],
[189 ].

10.4
.
677

,
[16 . 7, 8, 11 ]. ,


[16 . 7, 8, 11 ]
,
.

[882 6
].
, ,

111

 , ,
[15 . 11
],
,
,
,
[15 . 12 ].


22- 27, 32, 38, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40 .
, 678
677 ,
.
, .
678
, , .

42 43 .

10.5

677 681 .
[679 1 ],
.
666 3, 670, 671, 673, 674 1, 676
[681 ], 672 .
,

,
215 2 .
.
,
[ 160/1998
1999, 373].
./.

112

 '

, .

81 1 [ 1636/1998 1999, 797].
679 1, 115 3 268 4 ,
.

681 671 .
, ,
,
,

677
( 679 2 ).
.

10.6 -

216
[. , . ,
216 680
677 ( 57/2005),
2006, 237 ].
,
680 , "

, 216,
.



.

113

 ,
".
680 ,
, ,


[ 1299/2004 1298/2004 857/1980
1981, 95 12800/1988 1990, 1034 3998/1998
1999, 402 1293/1995 1999, 250].
677 ,

, 216 .
, , .
,
[ 866/1973
1974, 350 857/1980 1981, 95 9056/1992 1993, 311
1599/1972 1972, 908 12800/1988 1990, 1034].
680 , , ,

677 ,
,
180 183 (
38 4 ). , 180 "1.

, ,
94 ,
, , '
,
,

", 183 , "1.

'

. 2.
./.

114

,
,
' ". 180
, "",
680 , , ""
183
,
(arg e 215 1 ).
, ' 680
,

[()/()/, , . , 2000, 1293. 11685/1987
1990, 226 . . . 9645/2005, , .]

10.7
,
.

115

11
11.1
681 , ,

.

.
681

[ .. 2 . /1911, 1 . 489/1976, 2 .
2094/1992].
681 .. , ,
,
, ..
.

: ) )
)
,
. [..
: 1391/1982 1982, 360
: 6135/1982
1983, 1219].

, ,
.
681 : )
, [.. , ,
], )
[
( 19 . 489/1976)
( 30 4 . 489/1976, .. 1019/1981
118/1985)] ,

./.

116

 )
( 25-26 4/ 585/1978 ), )


, ) ,
[18 1 . 3376/ 1965, 18 . 1654/1986]
.

(
, 928 . 929 .
, (
), ,
.
, ,
, , ,
, ..
,
,
,
' .

11.2
105 1 2 . .1406/1983,

, , . 1406/1983
,

,


[ 5/1995

117

 53/1995]
, , ,
, ....,
[ 53/1995]. ,

, `
12 . . 1406/1983
[.. . . 114/2009 ]. ,


(),
8 5 -

(17.6.1951,
. 2799/1954)
,

( ),

[ 7615/2008 ].

. ,
44/2001
2 5 3
44/2001,
8 12 44/2001 (
13 ,
). ,

22- 40 .

(22 ), -
, 35 (
), 40 ,
. 2721/1999,
./.

118


35 ,
.
,
.
[14 1 . ]
[16 .12 ].

16 . 12
.

11.3
681 661 1

.

, ,
.
,


[ 10 5 .
489/1976].

11.4
671
[. . ]. ,
,
,

119

 438 440 .
[ 201/1997
1997, 1232]. ' .

.

11.5

672-675 681
.

./.

120

12
12.1
( 9 10
. 2145/1993),
[681 1]
[ 666 1, 667, 670, 671 1,
672, 673-676].

(57 ),
(. 1178/1981)
(. 2328/1995).


,
....

12.2
,
,
(14 2, 18 . 1
) [ 922/1999 2000, 139 2152/1997 1998, 483
5127/2006 2007, 235]. ,
[.. ],
18 . 1.
, . 22, 25
2, 35. (35), ,
[
2234/2006 ], ' (41).
.
Fiona Shevill .. Presse Alliance SA

121

[ 7.3.1995, C-68/93, 1995., 415 ]

5 3 ,
,

, ,


.

12.3
681
,
[ , . 1178/1981]

, [ 4 10
. 2328/1995],
, [.. , ].
.

12.4
681
: )

[681
2, 681 3 ] )
249, 250 266 [681 2 . ] )
[681 4 . ]

[ 681
4 . ]. ,
)
(8 )
(15 ),
./.

122

 (8 ).

123

 25
. , , . 12, 1979.
. , , . , 1995, . 591-1016.
. , , . , 1982, . 1103- 122.
. /. /. , , . , 2000 [ . ,
. 591-662 . , . 663-676, . , . 677-681 .
, . 681 -]
. , , 1 . (, 1971), 2 . (, 1984), 3
. (, 2008).

25

./.

124