Professional Documents
Culture Documents
electrical energy into mechanical energy and some heat energy. For an induction motor, torque is proportional to the motor terminal voltage squared. (V . !o, for e"ample, half the voltage produces a quarter of the torque.
#he induction motor has t$o basic functions to fulfil % &. #o accelerate itself and its load to full speed. '. #o maintain the load at full speed efficiently and effectively over the full range of loading
#he load starting torque is usually near (ero, an induction motor $ill develop far too much torque $hen connected directly to the supply. !o, At the instant of start)up, there is an un)necessary heavy po$er surge on both the electrical supply and the mechanical drive components #he un$anted*e"cess torque generated is as sho$n by the shaded areain the figure belo$
#he mechanical effects #he sudden mechanical impact at start up on the load, follo$ed by the rapid acceleration to full speed causes e"cessive $ear on %) ++ ,elts and pulleys ++ -ears and chains ++ .ouplings and bearings and %) ++ .avitations in pumps etc........
#he electrical effects #he electrical impact of large starting current can be severe enough to cause% ++ Large voltage dips and damage to computers / other electronic equipment on the line. ++ !upply voltage drops in case of $ea0 supply and thus affect the entire operation or community. ++ 1itting and burning of s$itching contacts due to high currents $hich are many times the motor full)load current. ++ 2ncreased line losses. ++ 3is0 of e"ceeding sanctioned ma"imum demand. -o to top #hese un$anted 4echanical / 5lectrical effects can result in substantial additional cost to the company due to% ++ 4ore frequent and unscheduled maintenance. ++ -reater chance of unscheduled shutdo$ns 6 productivity loss ++ 7versi(ed mechanical and electrical components to cater for the po$er surge on start up. ++ !hort component life.
8tility 3estrictions As utility po$er systems continue to be run at ma"imum capacity, the effect of starting motors across the line can put stress on the factory9s po$er distribution system. #he lights go dim, process control systems can fail or trip out or you may be restricted as to $hen and ho$ often you are allo$edto start the motor. And this all :ust because of the heavy current dra$n by the motor during starting.
#here are several factors to be considered $hile selecting the starting equipment for any electric motor driven load. #hese include% &. #he source of po$er and the effects, the motor starting currents $ill have on the source and the stability of the system voltage. '. #he starting and brea0do$n torque characteristics of the motor (motor speed torque characteristics 3. #he motor starting characteristics (torque that correspond to the motor best suited to the load characteristics at full load and speed. ;. #he starting characteristics of motor torque, load torque, accelerating load torque (load inertia the motor acceleration and running torque of the driven load. <. #he available short circuit capacity of the distribution system. =. 1rocess considerations% shoc0, vibration, mechanical hammer, the control and maintenance of different starting methods. #he initial inrush currents, loc0ed rotor currents and the resulting torque values produced are the factors that determine $hether the motor can be applied directly across the line, or $hether the current has to be reduced to get the required performance to match the load requirements and*or utility line voltage flic0er or voltage dip specifications. -o to top #here are three basic methods for starting fi"ed speed 3 > A. motor, & Full Voltage !tarting ? @7LA ' 3educed Voltage !tarting ? !7F# !#A#53A 3 1art Binding !tarting ?A8#7#3AC!F73453A !oft !tarter falls under the 'nd method. Bhere the motor terminal voltage is gradually increased $ith either electronically or by using DF!3 method, A care is al$ays ta0en that the motor torque $ill be al$ays greater than that of load requirement, Co$, in short, to avoid all the ill effect mentioned above, the right device $hich should be used for motor starting is called as !oft !tarter #he 3esult is %) ++ 2n a simple, reliable and cost effective piece of equipment, all the problems of electro)mechanical starting have been banished to the pastE ++ 7ptimising continually monitors the motor to improve the part)load efficiency by reducing the degree of over)flu"ing of the stator. ++ #he part load pF of the motor is improved. ++ #his produces a significant reduction in 0VAr and 0VA, as $ell as a useful reduction in 0B. ++ 5lectrical losses in the stator and feed cables are reduced. ++ 4otor performance is unimpaired. ++ #here is virtually no fi"ed)speed application of an induction motor $hich cannot benefit from the fitting of a Fayashree soft)starter. ++ 2n particular, pumps and pumping systems benefit from the soft)stop feature and the reduction in cavitations effects.