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Nabi Ahmad Siddiqui Muhammad Awais Tariq Muntazir Mahdi Aamar Hanif Muhammad Naveed Zain-Ul-Abbas Abdul Mannan Ghulam Raza
Table of Contents
EIA Introduction of Gwadar and Gwadar Port Description of the Project Existing Environment Environment Impact of Ship Operation Mitigation Measurements Conclusions
EIA:
EIA is systematic process for identifying and evaluating the potential effects of proposed actions on the physical, biological, cultural and socioeconomic components of the environment. It intends as an instrument of preventive environmental management. It provides a framework and an information basis for decision making on activities affecting the environment. EIA is a process for decision-making, not a formula for preparing a document. It applies to the assessment of the environmental effects of those public and private projects which are likely to have significant effects on the environment. Project means, The execution of construction works or of other installations or schemes.
Introduction:
Gwadar:
Gwadar is a district along the sea in south of the Makran. The coastline of Gwadar District is about 600 Kilometers long. Geographic coordinates of Gwadar, Pakistan are Latitude: Longitude: 250717 N 621931 E
Elevation above sea level: 1 m = 03 ft. It is bounded on the North by Kech and Awaran District. On the East by Lasbela District, on the south by the Arabia Sea and on the West by Iran. Total area of the district is 12,637 square kilometers and population of 72,000. Fisheries is the main economic activity. Deep seaport is ready to fulfill national requirements. Potential for business due to strategic location and for tourism due to beach, desert, and unique landscape features.
Gwadar Port:
Gwadar Port is located at the apex of the Arabian Sea and at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, approximately 460 km (290 mi) west of Karachi, 75 km (47 mi) east of Pakistan's border with Iran and 380 km (240 mi) km northeast of the nearest point in Oman across the Arabian Sea. It is situated on the eastern bay of a natural hammerhead-shaped peninsula protruding into the Arabian Sea from the coastline.
Support Services:
Ships may require development of ship docking berths fueling. Breakdown technical services. Supply of goods for onboard passengers.
Existing Environment:
Land:
Long coastal area but almost entirely deserts owing to little rain fall. Very little vegetation. No or limited facilities of sanitation and waste management. Household garbage dumped at coast line. Gwadar is Hingol National Park which is formed by Govt. to protect endangered species in the area.
Sea:
Sea water is relatively clean. Many fish are found near Gwadar coast. Sea species like marsh crocodile, green turtle, masher fish, and houbara bustard are found in the waters of Gwadar and protected under the umbrella of Hingol National Park.
Air:
No or little elements of air pollution. Occasional dust storms cause particle suspension. Common birds are See Partridge and Waterfowls.
Social Setting:
Fishermen migrate to other areas to earn livelihood in summer due to rough sea. Per capita income of the people of Gwadar is very low. Men and women are generally very social and friendly. Violence activities have recently surged in the area due to misconception in people about ownership of Gwadar port.
Air Pollution:
Diesel engines of ships burn High Sulphur content fuel which produces Sulphur dioxide (S0x), nitrogen oxide (N0x), particulate carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide etc. Onboard incinerators burn large volumes of garbage, plastics etc. producing dioxin, furans and heavy metals. Sulphur and particulate matter may cause respiratory problems, asthma attacks, especially in children of Gwadar and surrounding areas.
Social Impacts:
Ship activity at Gwadar may hinder the local fishing activity in the area which may cause frustration in the fishermen. Passenger ship activity will urge Govt. to develop better civic facilities in the area. Business activity will generated due to a large number of people moving in and out of Gwadar, this will help fishermen to earn their livelihood when they cannot go fishing due to rough sea. Living standards of the people of Gwadar may rise.
Conclusions:
Project is environmentally feasible but with strong mitigation we can ensure a sustainable passenger ship operation at Gwadar without significantly effecting the environment. For the development of country it is very important. There is a chance of violation by the ships due to weak regulatory controls. But the concern authorities can hold it to control. If mitigation measures are not taken then marine life of Gwadar will be under seriously threat. The passenger ship operation will enable betterment of civic facilities in the area. And also generate a significant business activity which will reduce the dependence of people of Gwadar on fisheries only. The JOBS for transportation engineers may be generated as Logistic engineer at the Port.