Bangladesh: Country Paper

Workshop on GPWM and ISWM Presented by K. M. Nurul Huda Managing ire!tor Bangladesh Muni!ipal e"elop#ent $und %BM $&

Presentation
Introdu!tion '( )aste *egal instru#ents and initiati"es e"elop#ent partners + NG's In(or#al se!tor Con!lusion

Introdu!tion

Introdu!ing BM $
A Govt. owned company Established: 1999 Registered: 2002 under the Companies Act, 1994 Administrative Ministry: The M/o Finance Objective: Planned Urban Development Governed by: A eleven member Board of Directors Working partners : Municipalities & City Corporations (ULBs) of Bangladesh Project implementing authority : ULB

,ision
Self reliant Urban Local Bodies Planned infrastructure for comfortable urban livelihood Reduction of urban poverty and conservation of environment Digital hub for information sharing

Map showing BMDF Funded ULBs Total BMDF Funded ULBs : 154

City Corporation Class Muni!ipality B Class Muni!ipality C Class Muni!ipality

7 " 7# " 4$ " %&

-rban S!enario: Bangladesh

City Corprations./ Pourasha"as %Muni!ipalities&.012 i& Spe!ial grade.1 ii& Class 3.114 iii& Class B.145 i"& Class C.145

-rbani6ation: Bangladesh
Urban popn.: 28%- about 48 mlns Urban population growth: 4% National popn. growth 2.05% 6 out of 7 migrants are poor The poor are socially and economically displaced About 3 millions live in the slum in Dhaka

-rbani6ation. Bangladesh

ensity in 2 !ities in Bangladesh

7anks -rban popn 1 haka 1189:28444 2 Chtg 58/148444 59 N<gon= ;928444 0; 7a=shahi 9/82444 :4 Khulna 181148444
Source: Demographia World Urban Areas(2011) Table-4 !demographia!com"db- orldua!pd#

ensity 028444 528;44 1:8/44 1>8:44 108/44

Settle#ent as they (lo)

Settle#ent o( the ri!h

'( Waste

Muni!ipal Solid Waste %MSW&: e(inition

3 )rong substan!e 3t )rong pla!e 3t a )rong ti#e In a )rong ?uality

MSW
Generation Colle!tion @ransportation isposal

3. Generation

Generation: Non.ha6ardous
Household Street Shops + establish#ent Institutional Garden + tree rain 7i"er "essel

Generation: Ha6ardous
Industry: tannery8 dying8 Che#i!al et! Hospital + !lini! iagnosti! !enter Hu#an body )aste ry battery 7adio.a!ti"e substan!es Polythene + plasti!s 7oles o( !o##unity

@otal Waste Generation in -rban 3reas o( Bangladesh in 5442

City/Town *WGR (kg/cap/day) 0.56 0.48 0.3 0.27 0.25 0.3 0.25 0.15 No. of City/Town 1 1 1 1 1 1 298 218 522 Total Population (2005) 6,116,731 2,383,725 425,798 879,422 397,281 351,724 13,831,187 8,379,647 32,765,516 TWG*** (Ton/day) Population** (2005) 6,728,404 2,622,098 468,378 967,365 437,009 386,896 15,214,306 9,217,612 36,042,067 Dry season 3,767.91 1,258.61 140.51 261.19 109.25 116.07 3,803.58 1,382.64 10,839.75 Wet season 5,501.14 1,837.57 205.15 381.34 159.51 169.46 5,553.22 2,018.66 15,826.04 Average TWG (Ton/day) 4,634.52 1,548.09 172.83 321.26 134.38 142.76 4,678.40 1,700.65 13,332.89

Dhaka Chittagong Rajshahi Khulna Barisal Sylhet Pourashavas Other Urban Centers Total

AWG7B Waste Generation 7ate8 AA In!luding 14C in!rease (or (loating population8 AAA@WGB @otal Waste Generation8 )hi!h in!reases 9>C in )et season (ro# dry season Sour!e: 1 DIC3 %5449&8 5 Chittagong City Corporation8 0 $ield Sur"ey8 9 Sinha %5444&8 2 $ield Sur"ey8 > Sylhet City Corporation8 ;8 : $ield Sur"ey

'erage per !apita ur(an waste generation rate is esti)ated as &*41 +g,!apita,day*

Generation by in!o#e group %Kg.EpersonEday&

Sour!es In!o#e le"el Kg.EdayEperson High in!o#e F B548444 .210 Middle in!o#e 548444F8F B148444 .944 Middle.lo) In!o#e 148444F8FB28444 .010 *o) in!o#e 28444F8F B08444 .00> *o)est in!o#e 08444G .5>4 Weighted 3". personEperEday .094

Fig 1: Average Physical Composition of Urban Solid Waste

0.64% 2.50% 4.20% 1.13% 0.26% 5.10% 8.79%

Food & Vegetable Paper Products Plastic, Leather, Rubber Metals Glass and ceramic

9.73%

Wood/ Grass/ Leaves Rags, Textile, Jute

67.65%

Medicine/ Chemical Rocks, Dirt & Misc

High organic matter >>(more than 70%) High moisture content >>(more than 50%) Low calorific value >>(less than 1000 Kcal/Kg) Lack of space for disposal of solid waste

MSW: -n!olle!ted

MSW: Heaped on drains

Generation: @annery )aste

Heaps around hu#an habitation

B. Colle!tion

Colle!tion
Pri#ary !olle!tion Waste bin oor to door !olle!tion Se!ondary !olle!tion point e#ountable !ontainer Co#pa!tor tru!k

$ailure o( the purpose

e#ountable !ontainer

oor.to.door !olle!tion

Medi!al -aste
Growth of Hazardous Waste Generation from Hospital and Clinical Waste

25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0

Ton/year 2007 12045 2013 16972 2017 21681

H '"er the last ten years nu#ber o( beds has in!reased (ro# .#/1&# to 0$/.1. ha"ing an in!rease o( 018542 beds re!ording annual gro)th o( :.1:C. Considering this gro)th rate as base8 the ha6ardous )aste generation )ould be 1>8/;5 tonsE year by 5410 and 518>:1 tonsEyear by 541;. H 3e!ently separate !olle!tion o4 (io")edi!al waste has (een started in Dha+a/ 5hulna/ 6essore/ 3a7shahi and other !ities*
1o'ern)ent hospitals: 2/4 nos. hospitals and !lini!s: 1:4/ nos.8 and la(oratories: 1;1/ nos. 2ri'ate Diagnosti!

Baseline Situation

S)eeping in haka

Street s)eeper

C. @rans(or#ation

@ransportation
'pen tru!k Closed tru!k Co#pa!tor tru!k Night ti#e transportation Capa!ity

@ransportation.Bangladesh
'pen tru!k

. isposal

isposal
*and(ill Co#posting Sanitary land(ill In!ineration Plas#a te!hnology

7euse
7e!la#ation House hold !ulture Bottles o( so(t drinks et!. is!arding one.ti#e useable ite#s 7esponsibility o( )orld !o##unity

*and(ill
Manual + #e!hani!al pro!ess Crude #ethod *ea!hate 7aising lo) land Geologi!al !onsideration 7e?uire#ent o( proper design *and(ill in the de"eloped !ountries

*and(ill: Sour!e o( gas e#ission

In(or#al se!tor

In(or#al se!tor: @okai in haka

Buying useable )astes

7e!o"ering

8eparate Colle!tion o4 Bio"Medi!al -aste Using 8pe!ial 9ehi!le

*egal instru#ent
@he City Corporation 3!t8 544/ @he Muni!ipality 3!t8 544/ @he -rban Waste Manage#ent Handling 7ules @he National 0.7 strategies8 5414 7egulations on #edi!al )astes

7e!y!le
@ool o( )aste #ini#isation In(or#al se!tor Pra!ti!e at household I#portan!e IJa#ples in other !ountries

e"elop#ent partners + NG's

e"elop#ent partners + NG's

DIC3 World Bank 3 B GIK Waste Con!ern B73C P7ISM

-hat are the Barriers:

3)areness Poli!y @e!hnology $inan!e

Con!lusion
Strengthening (un!tional and institutional !apa!ity o( #uni!ipality Su((i!ient legal support I#ple#entation o( la)s in respe!t o( MSW Cons!iousness +Cooperation o( !ity d)ellers 3!ti"e role o( !i"il so!iety Publi! pri"ate !o##unity partnership

@hank Lou