ENGLISH GRAMMAR - OVERVIEW OF 4 TYPES OF CLAUSES

TYPE OF DECLARATIVE INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVE EXCLAMATIVE IMPERATIVE

CLAUSE (CLOSED) (OPEN)
EXAMPLE/
FEATURES
Example You are tactful. Are you tactful? How tactful are How tactful you Be tactful
you? are
Corresponds to making a asking a closed asking an open issuing a
SPEECH ACT statement question question making an directive
exclamatory
(PRAGMATICS) statement
equivalent
SYNTACTIC subject NP + auxiliary initial in wh-phrase initial, what or how subject either
FEATURES predicate VP clause auxiliary second initial; subject missing or
order; no wh- before auxiliary refers to
phrase addressee; V
in plain form