Professional Documents
Culture Documents
analog - Refers to a signal that varies continuously. The other type of signal is
digital which is composed of discrete units. Digital circuits are easier to design
and operate. Nearly all modern computers and new communication systems use
digital signals. Standalone fax machines usually send and receive analog
signals.
ANSI - American National Standards Institute. The United States group that
approves US many standards, including the standards for computers and for
communications. ANSI is a member of the International Organization for
Standardization, ISO. Also see byte.
BGR - Blue, Green, Red. The colors of light that, when mixed, produce any other
color. Images may be stored as sets of separate red, green and blue overlays.
The three colors are emitted from to the three "guns" in a color cathode ray tube.
BGR is sometimes a synonym for color, for example, a "RGB monitor". There are
other methods of storing and representing colors (see CMYK and HSV).
binary - Relating to systems composed of only two items or choices. See bit.
bit - binary digit. The smallest unit of information for data storage and
transmission. Each bit is considered to be either a "1" or a "0" and is said to be
"set" or true if its value is 1 and "clear" or "reset" if the value is "0". Bits are
sometimes referred to as being O or 1, and sometimes as plus (+) or minus (-),
sometimes as being "on" or "off", and sometimes as "true" or "false". (See byte.
Also see Boolean logic and fuzzy logic.)
bitmap - A file or image structure representing, bit for bit, an image displayed on
a monitor. Bitmaps define the width and height of images and the parts of
images. Bitmaps may represent colored images; in this case, more than on bit is
needed to define each pixel. See BGR.
BMP- An image file format used in Microsoft Windows. A bitmap format. See GIF,
JPEG, PIC, PIX, TIFF, and WPG.
Boolean logic - A system of logic based on Boolean algebra and named after
George Boole (hence, capitalized). It deals with the two truth values of "TRUE
and "FALSE". It also included the modifiers of "AND", "OR" and "NOT". The
Boolean conditions of true and false are often represented by "0" for "false" and
"1" for "true". The "0" and "1" states are sometimes referred to as "no" and "yes"
conditions. See fuzzy logic
bps / BPS - Bits per second, the transmission speed of data between computers
(or fax machines). BOPS is often used to express data transmission speeds.
browser - A program for reading hypertext. Browser permit viewing the contents
of documents and support navigating among documents. The most popular
World Wide Web browsers (1996) are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft's
Internet Explorer.
byte - The unit of data storage and transmission in computers. A byte is usually
considered the code for a single character. The number of bits in a byte varies
among computer systems. We usually think of a byte as being 8 bits long. The
English Latin alphabet has 52 characters (upper and lower case) and computers
commonly also use punctuation marks and a few special characters such as the
period, exclamation mark, slashes, equal sign, tilde, ampersand, dollar symbol,
pound sign, percent mark, asterisk, plus sign, and carriage return. Including
punctuation mark and special characters, we need approximately 100 unique
codes. Each bit can exist in only two states, 0 or 1. Thus, a 6 bit word can define
only 64 characters, a 7 bit word can define 128 characters, and an 8 bit word can
define 256 characters. If one bit is used to check the integrity of the entire byte,
then we need at least an 8 bit byte (or "word") for common computer uses.
C
CAD - Computer Aided Design. CAD systems are sometimes integrated with a
computer aided manufacturing system.
call id / caller id - A telephone service that displays the telephone number and
name of the person calling.
CGI - Common gateway interface. A type of program that will run under nearly all
operating systems and is used primarily to process requests from HTML forms or
act on information obtained from HTML forms.
chat room - A virtual "place" where two or more network users can exchange e-
electronic messages. Most chat or talk systems support real -time or
simultaneous communications.
checksum - A value that is computed and that depends on the contents of a set
of data. Checksums are stored or transmitted with the data. The checksum is
used to detect if the data has been altered during transmission or when being
stored and retrieved. Receiving programs recompute the checksum to compare
with the checksum sent or stored with the data. Checksums may be more than
one digit. They are not always the result of addition but may be the result of one
or more computations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. A
very simple example of a checksum is found in ISBN codes for books and other
documents. The last digit of an ISBN code is a checkdigit. (The ISBN codes use
a single digit check value; thus an "x" is used to denote a value of 10 in ISBN
codes.) ISBN checksums are examples of a one-digit checksum, or a checkdigit.
CISC - Complex instruction set computer. The opposite of RISC. Pentium and
x86 type chip use CISC chips. See also RISC.
computer-aided interface - The devices and software that enable people to use
computers. These include physical devices such as mouse, keyboard, pointers,
and light wands. They also include software, such as Microsoft Words, with
icons, help dialogues, and wizards.
cps - Characters per second, used in expressing the speed of transferring digital
data.
data - Numbers, codes, words, or phrases without units or other items that define
or give meaning to these original elements. See information, knowledge, and
wisdom.
database - A collection of related types of data in a single file, or set of files, for
sorting, analyzing, and reporting.
data integrity - The entry and preservation of stored data in a manner that
results in its retrieval in a form identical to the original and representing the
original observations or ideas. Uncorrupted data.
desktop publishing (DTP) - The use of computers to prepare text and graphics
for printing. The best desktop publishing programs support the fitting of text into
irregular shapes and the use of a variety of typefaces and font sizes and styles
(bold, italic, underline, outline, superscripts, subscripts).
digital data - Data captured, stored, or transmitted in binary form. See bit and
binary.
directory - A division of a file system into which files are placed. Directories are
often organized into a hierarchical system with a root or main directory and one
or more sub-directories. Each sub-directory may also have many levels of sub-
directories. In practice, most users keep related files with a single directory;
operating system files are usually placed within specially named directories. In
the Macintosh Operating System, directories are called folders. See folder.
DNS - 1. Domain Name System. A data query service used on Internet for
translating host names into Internet addresses. It is also the host name used on
the Internet. The proper term for a host name its "fully qualified domain name".
DNS refers to both a way of naming hosts and the way of naming the servers
and clients that manage that information on the Internet. 2. Distributed Name
Service, used by OSF (Open Software Foundation) as the naming service for
DCE (Distributed Computing Environment).
EBCDIC - Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. See ASCII and
byte
EDI - Electronic Data Interchange. The set of document format standards and
protocols by which business and academic information is exchanged over
networks. EDI documents are used to process purchase orders, pay bills,
invoices, share shipping orders, send transcripts, and to facilitate similar
transactions.
Ethernet - A coaxial cable local area network and an industry standard. Data is
sent packets and the bandwidth (speed) is approximately 10 Mbits per second.
ethics - The critical and systematic reflection on morality. See also morality.
ethical decision making - The process of making moral choices about how to
act in a given situation.
-F-
fiber optics - Glass fibers used to transmit digital data infra-red or visible light a
the carrier (usually a laser). The fiber are very thin, smaller than a human hair.
Light does not escape from the fibers because they are made to give complete
reflection inside the fibers. Fiber optics can carry very large amounts of data over
long distances at great speeds and without distortions. In one test, AT&T
transferred the equivalent of the entire Encyclopedia Britannica a distance of
approximately 160 km (100 miles) in one second.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - A protocol used between clients and servers and
allows one computer to transfer files to and from another computer over a TCP/IP
network Connections require a user identification which may be open to "guest"
or "anonymous" users, or the connections may restricted to specific persons. The
connections may require public passwords, e-mail addresses, or secret
passwords. Users many be permitted only to download files or they maybe given
permission to both upload and download files.
flat-file - An ASCII file containing data and usually serving as a database file.
Flat file records may be single "line" or several records may occur in a line of or
block of data. Flat-files are less useful for high speed searches or for linking tow
or more sources of data. They are easily transferred among various operating
systems and database managers.
freeware - Software, often copyrighted, produced for free distribution and use.
There often are restrictions regarding the sale or modification of the software.
Sometimes referred to as public domain software. See commercial software,
public domain software, and shareware software.
fuzzy logic - A type or set of Boolean logic used to process conditions of partial
truth, that is for values that lie between being completely true and being
completely false. Fuzzy logic was developed in recognition that conditions exits
that cannot be easily described as belonging to a binary classification: 1 or 0, +
or -, true or false. The term was introduced in 1960 by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh. See
Boolean logic. Fuzzy logic attempts to treat degrees of truth or probabilities of
truth as opposed to declaring that a condition is either always true or always
false. Practical applications in computer controlled systems include the control of
fuel and air mixtures in internal combustion engines, the proportional slowing of
the speed of objects as they approach a given state or target, the heating and
cooling of objects or spaces to prevent overheating, the mixing of two or more
ingredients to achieve a defined final condition (especially when the components
and their properties are constantly changing). Fuzzy logic uses weighted
algorithms in computer programs to simulate human thought or "life-like"
responses to external conditions.
-H-
hard disk & hard drive - A device for the storage of digital data. These are
standard devices in most personal computers and may also exist outside a
computer and used by cable connections. See tape drive.
hertz - Cycles per second. A unit of frequency. One hertz is equal to one cycle
per second. Abbreviated as Hz.
HotJava - A World Wide Web browser from Sun Microsystems that can execute
programs "applets" written in the Java programming language.
HSV - A method of describing colors using Hue, Saturation, and Value when
used to describe colors. Hue is the tint or basic color; saturation is degree of
lightness or darkness; value is the intensity or the "amount" of color. Saturation is
sometimes called the "shade" of color. Value is sometimes referred to as "tone".
See BGR and CMYK
HTML - A set of tags or commands used by World Wide Web browsers to format
and display text and images, to play sound or video, or to run programs.
Hypermedia - Like hypertext but includes graphics, sound, video and other kinds
of data.
-I-
icon - Images, often very small, that represent an idea or object. Selecting an
icon usually causes a program or document to open or a program to run and
perform a set of operations.
information retrieval system (IRS) - A computer system used to store data and
from which data may be selected and retrieved for use in reports and for
analysis. Abbreviated IRS. See information system.
information superhighway - The Internet and its subset, the World Wide Web.
(Also called "Infobahn" and "Info Strada".) The term "information superhighway"
was first used in 1990 by Al Gore, US Vice-president. Mr. Gore was referring to
the high-speed global communications network that carries voice, data, video
data around the world. The information superhighway is mediated by copper
cables, satellites, fiber optics, and cellular telecommunications.
information system (IS) - A system (usually computer based) into which data is
placed , in which data may be processed, from which data is selected and may
analyzed, and from which reports may be produced. Abbreviated IS. See
information retrieval system.
INpg - Internet Protocol next generation.(also called IPv6) The most likely
protocol or addressing method to replace the current Internet Protocol. Its main
purpose is to provide a solution to the shortage of IP addresses.
IP - Internet Protocol. The network part of the TCP/IP protocol that is widely used
on Ethernet networks. This protocol facilitates the routing of packets of data by
routing, fragmenting and re-assembling of data files.
institution - For the ITGS course, any community or collection of persons with
common interests, objectives, or goals, or that provide related services.
Examples include businesses, schools, universities, governments, governmental
agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGO), churches non-profit agencies.
Internet Protocol (IP) - The network part of the TCP/IP protocol set. It supports
routing, file fragmentation and re-assembly.
Intranet - A network that uses the tools of the World Wide Web but often with
access restricted to within an organization or office. The Web tools that support
an intranet are a Web server and client browsers. HTML forms and CGI
programs also are often used in intranets.
-J-
JIC - Just In Case. A situation where a company keeps on hand a small stock of
rare components or those that require long production times, just in cae of a rush
order. JIC is implemented to more fully serve customers. Do not confuse JIC with
JIT
JIT - Just In Time. A manufacturing method in which the raw materials are
delivered to the factory just before they are needed in the production. JIT is
facilitated by information technology in which inventories are monitored and
purchases are made using EDI, electronic data interchange. See JIC.
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group file compression method that modifies
the original data and stores information on the shapes and colors that will
represent the image upon decompression. JPEG is well suited for photographic
images, those with shading and gradual merging of colors, and those with many
colors. JPEG compression methods do not decompress to the exact original
image, but for most practical uses, humans cannot distinguish the expanded
JEPG images from the original images. JPEG compression can store thousands
or even millions of colors. See GIF, PIC, PIX, TIFF, and WPG. A more complete
discussion of JPEG compression is given in another document.
JPG - 1. A file compression method. 2. A file name extension for JPEG files. (This
shortened version of JPEG is required by DOS systems that can only accept file
extensions with a maximum of three characters.)
knowledge An understand that humans derive by reasoning based upon data and
its associated information. Examples of data are simple numbers, such as 123
and 456. Examples of information are $1.23 per dozen eggs and $4.56 per
dozen eggs. Knowledge is an understanding that the $1.23 price is a better buy
than is the $4.56 price. Wisdom may include judgements about the nutritional
and health value of eggs or about the relative value of eggs as a source of
protein compared to other sources. See data, information, and wisdom.
L-
-M-
markup language & markup tags A set of codes inserted I documents and used
by print or browser programs to format the output. Markup tags are independent
of the vendors' programs and devices that print or display the document. The
code does not constitute a programming language, but some markup
"languages" include codes that permit the optional printing or displaying or the
merging of data. The original and primary intent of markup tags was to facilitate
the printing of documents, independent of the printer or print formatting programs
used.
menu A list of choices. In IT, users select from the choices presented. Selections
are usually made using a mouse. Selections may also be controlled by keyboard
selections. Menus may be presented within dialogue boxes, on the central
portion of a computer monitor, or as pull-down menu lists that display choices
when one of several choices is selected on a menu bar, usually displayed at the
top of a window or top of a monitor display.
Mosaic A World Wide Web browser developed and distributed free by the
National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) in the United States.
mouse A hand-held device for moving the cursor and for pointing on computer
monitors. The device may have one or two keys that, when pressed, will cause
objects under the cursor to be selected or activated. Later versions of the mouse
include small pads upon which a moving finger will cause the cursor too move.
Other versions of pointing and selecting devices (in place of a mouse) are "track
balls", laser or microwave mediated devices, and "joy sticks".
multimedia Documents that contain information in than one form: text, sound,
images, video.
-N-
network Any set of computer systems connected by cables, phone lines, or radio
communication methods and which share data.
network computerSee NC
news groups Internet and World Wide Web discussion groups to which persons
may subscribe. An message posted to the group is sent to all subscribers. A very
few news groups are moderated; that is, the messages are first reviewed by a
person who may censor or restrict what is posted. The news groups are
processed by news or discussion group server which receive and store the
messages for distribution to subscribers. The messages are usually stored for
only one or two weeks. Subscribers must actively request downloads of unread
messages; the messages are not automatically sent to a subscriber's e-mail mail
box.
- O -
operating system (OS) A program that manages the files in a computer, controls
internal or connected devices (peripherals), and runs other selected programs.
Abbreviated OS.
OS Operating System
-P-
packet A unit of data sent across a network.
parse 1. To scan text. In IT the parsing is with a computer program that searches
for specific character sequences or syntax. Parsers also respond to the parsing
by formatting the text, processing functions, running other programs, or
performing other specific processing based upon the text parsed. 2. To break a
sentence into component parts of speech. 3. To describe words with respect to
form, part of speech, or relationships in a sentence.
password A character string that must be entered into a computer system to open
documents and databases, or to otherwise gain access to a system. Passwords
should (1) be long; (2) contain mixed case characters, numbers, or special
characters; (3) be changed often; (4) never be real words or proper names, and
(5) never given to other persons or left written where others might have access to
them. Alternatives to passwords may include scans of finger or hand prints,
retinal scans, facial scans, voice recognition, mechanical (real) keys, magnetic
strips on cards, or answers to specific questions.
path A series of hierarchical directories (or folders) that define the location of a
file in a storage device.
peripheral Any hardware device, other than the CPU and its integrated
components, attached to a computer. The devices may include hard disk, tape
drives, CD-ROM drives, sound systems, still camera, video cameras, or any
equipment that process digital data.
PIC An image file format. Used mostly in Apple Macintosh® systems. See BMP,
GIF, JPEG, PIX, and WPG.
PINPersonal identification numbers. PIN's are often used with telephone and
automatic teller machine (ATM) systems.
PIX An image file format. See BMP, GIF, JPEG, PIC, and WPG.
pixel Picture element. A single dot on a monitor or printed document. The
smallest rectangular area of an image that can be manipulated on a monitor or
printer or stored in memory. The simplest pixel is a black and white unit that is
either white or black. If 8 bits are used to describe a pixel, its brightness can
range from 0 to 255 and shades of gray or colors can be represented. In color
images, the data describing the pixels has both brightness and color information.
Pixels of 24 bits can represent millions of colors. See GIF and JPEG.
Portable Document Format (PDF) The file format for Adobe Systems' Acrobat to
display or print documents independent of the original application, hardware, or
operating system used to create those documents. PDF files are becoming
popular on the World Wide Web and some browsers will automatically display
them. Acrobat readers are distributed free by Adobe. PDF files must be created
with Adobe Systems' Acrobat® document editor. Adobe Systems distributes PDF
reader programs free of charge.
PostScript A Page Description Language (PDL) that describes pages for printing
text, drawings, and pictures independent of the printing device
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)A high security public-key encryption method for most
computer systems. First written by PR Zimmermann, it has been enhanced by
other programmers. PGP was distributed as freeware. See also pubic-key
encryption.
public domain Software or other intellectual material that is free and available to
the public without restrictions. With regard to software, this is usually the same as
freeware; however, freeware may be copyrighted and often carries the identity of
its creator. See freeware software, commercial software, and shareware
software.
pull-down menu A list that displays choices when one of several choices is
selected on a menu bar, usually displayed at the top of a window or top a monitor
display.
-Q-
quicktime video A standard developed by the Apple Computer company and used
in integrating full-motion video (also sound) in computer programs.
-R-
RAM 1. Random Access Memory. 2. Rarely Adequate Memory, from the fact that
programs and data expand to fill the memory available.
relational operators Operators that show the relationship between two entities.
See operators.
RGB A method of defining colors by the amounts of red, green, and blue
contained in each pixel. Red, green, and blue are the primary colors and can be
mixed to produce any non-primary color. See CMYK
RISC Reduced instruction set computer. The opposite of CISC. Processor chip
using a reduced set of instructions but executing them at high speed. These
chips contain most commonly used instructions and pass requests for others to
external chips. Typical RISC chips provide high performance at low power
consumption.
ROM Read Only Memory. A storage device made with contents that do not
change. ROM usually holds programs.
RSA a public-key encryption system invented by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and
Leonard Adleman.
-S-
search engine A program that searches for information on the World Wide Web
using key words. Search engines may look only at document titles, headers, or
URLs; others may conduct searches of the complete text (full text searches). See
Web Crawler
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) Software that allows the Internet Protocol
(IP), to be used over a serial line connected to a modem. SLIP does not support
error detection. SLIP connections need IP address configurations set before the
connection is established. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) can determine the
address automatically after the connection is started.
shareware Software that is distributed freely and for which users voluntarily pay a
fee for its use. All users are ethically obligated to pay for shareware if it is used
beyond the implied or implied evaluation period. See freeware software, public
domain software, and commercial software.
SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol. This communication works over asynchronous
telephone lines. See also PPP
smiley A simple character code used to convey expressions of feeling within text
messages. Examples are :-) (happy) and :-( (sad). Another document with a more
complete set of smiley codes may be available.
social domain Any of the groupings into which social issues may classified:
economic, political, cultural, legal, environmental, historical, ergonomic,
medical/health, or psychological.
-T-
T1A term used by telephone company AT&T for a system that transmits data at
1.544 megabits per second. See also ISDN.
T3A communication system that transmits data at 44.736 megabits per second.
See also ISDN.
tagged image file format (TIFF)A file format for still-image bitmaps. See also
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PIC, PIX, and WPG.
tape driveA device for the storage of digital data on magnetic tapes. Tape drives
may be installed within a computer or they may be connected externally by
cables. The writing and reading of data to and from tapes is slower than with
hard disks. Data tapes are easily removed for transporting to other machines or
to safe storage sites.
tar1 noun - Tape archiver. A type of data compression that often involves
grouping two or more files into a single compressed file.2 verb - the action of
creating a compressed archive file that may include several files grouped
together. The tar compression method is used mostly with UNIX operating
systems.
Telnet1 Internet standard login protocol; runs on top of TCP / IP.2 CompuServe's
network into which one dials.
training software Computer programs that training, usually job related, e.g., how
to perform tasks, about company procedures or policies. Training programs may
also be used to teach basic knowledge and skills. They permit users to learn at a
pace determined by the user, easy repetition of material, and some give
information in response to answers or choices made by the users. See tutorial
software and computer aided learning.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) The common transport part of the protocol
used on the Internet.
trapdoorSee backdoor
Turing test A test for deciding whether a computer is intelligent and proposed in
1950 by Alan Turing. Turing preferred to consider if machines can be intelligent
as opposed to whether "Can machines think?" In a Turing test, human(s)
converse in writing with an unseen person or machine. If the human(s) cannot
distinguish between an unseen human and an unseen machine (computer) then
the machine is said to have passed the test and is intelligent.
tutorial software Computer programs that give instruction in how to use the
software program or system that they support. These programs simulate the
capabilities of the system. See training software and computer aided learning.
-U-
URL Uniform Resource Locator as used by the World Wide Web. Examples:
ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors/msdos/graphics/gifkit.zip
gopher://www.w3.org/default.htmlhttp://www.w3.org/default.html
http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/?Uniform+Resource+Locator
http://www.w3.org/default.html#Introduction news:alt.hypertext
mailto:dbh@doc.ic.ac.uk telnet://dra.com
Usenet Users' Network. A distributed bulletin board system that has become
international is the largest decentralized information utility in existence.
utility programs & software Programs used to manage files or repair damaged
files or to otherwise enhance the operations of computer system. As examples,
utility programs are used to recover erased files, to organize files, to repair
damaged files, or to detect and remove viruses. Utility software should be
distinguished from applications programs.
-V-
vector graphics A drawing method that uses shapes such as lines, polygons and
text and groups of these objects to create a picture. The other primary method
stores bitmaps of the image. The vector graphics advantages are that changes to
one part of the picture does not change other parts, the parts are stored
independently, and vector graphics are easily scaled without losing resolution.
virtual presence The simulation of the presence of one or more persons in places
or situations. The simulated condition may be from or at a remote location and
may be facilitated over networks by telecommunications and tele-conferencing.
Virtual presence also may be implemented in a single machine, e.g., from CR-
ROM based programs and databases.
VR Virtual reality. A system that simulates real situations and which participants
sense sounds and images similar to real life conditions. Advanced and future
systems can include sensations of touch and even odors.
W3 - 1. World Wide Web. 2. A World Wide Web browser for Emac computers.
web page - A document on the World Wide Web. These documents are used
with browsers to display text and images and to play sound, video, or animation
programs. Web page files contain HTML codes to control the display and playing
of their associated components.
Web Search Engines - systems that search the World Wide Web, index
document contents, and permit keyword or full text searches.
web server - A computer program that receives and processes requests from
client browsers.
white space - Space without images or text in documents. White space may
make printed or displayed documents more attractive or interesting.
Wide Area Network (WAN) - A computer network larger than a local area
network (LAN), serving more than one geographical location, e.g., several
company sites, an entire state or country, several countries. Abbreviated WAN.
See local area network.
World Wide Web - (WWW, W3, The Web) An Internet client-server system of
hypertext documents. The Web was introduced in 1991. By September 1993, the
NSFNET transmitted 75 gigabytes per month of web documents. By July 1994
the traffic was one terabyte (10 raised the power of 36) per month. worm /
WORM - 1. A program that propagates itself over a network. See virus and Trojan
horse. 2. Read Once Write Many. A type of disk drive and compact disk on which
one can write only once but read many times.
WPG - An image file format. See BMP, GIF, JPEG, PIC, and PIX.
WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get. A system that displays on a
computer monitor a nearly exact representation of documents as they will appear
in printed form.
X
Yahoo - 1. A very large and popular hierarchical index of the World-Wide Web. It
was originally located at Stanford University. Yahoo's World Wide Web URL is
http://www.yahoo.com (you must be connected to the World Wide Web for this
link to work). 2. A crude, unrefined, awkward, clumsy, or ungraceful person.
zip - 1. A file compression method as well as the compressed file format. 2. The
file extension for filed compressed using the zip program. 3. The process of
compressing and achieving files using PKWare's PKZIP or a compatible file
compressing and archiving program.
Zip Drive - A disk drive for removable 3.5 inch floppy disks that can store
approximately 100 megabytes of data.