Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Gasoline
Gi xng VN 28/11/2013
Sn phm Vng 1 Vng 2
RON 95 RON 92
24.130 23.630
24.610 24100
NM Ch Bin Condensate Ct Li
4 triu tn (2013)
Nhp khu
Cng ty
2540 255
PV Oil
Cng ty Thanh L Petimex
230
220 90
Ngun: VnEconomy
Contents
1
Gasoline Composition
Refining
Oxygenated Gasoline
Gasoline Specifications
LOGO
Composition
Gasoline : complex mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons
Paraffins
Olefins
Aromatics
Naphthenes
7
Composition
Most Pravelent Size
C8 C5, C6
Average Size
C7.1 C6,9
8
Composition
End Point
210oC
IBP 40oC
Composition- Properties
10
Refining
Refining
Physical process Chemical Process
LPG
Gasoline Jet Diesel
Lubricant
Bitum, FO
11
12
Refining
13
Refining
Enviroment Required (gasoline):
Unleaded gasoline Higher ON Comp. CCR, FCC, alkylation Oxygenate
Hydrotreating HDS
14
Blending
FCC gasoline
Alkylate
Gasoline Product
Reformate
Isomate
15
Blending
Tnh cht; FCC naphta; API Aromatic%V 52.1 35.2 L.alkylate; H.alkylate; Reformate; Isomerate 72.3 0.5 55.8 1.0 44.2 61.2 83.8 1.6
Olefins
Saturates Benzene
32.6
32.2 1.06
0.2
99.3 0.00
0.9
95.1 0.01
1.0
37.9 1.17
0.1
98.3 0.00
RVP pal
RON MON Sulfur, ppm
4.3
93.2 81 321
4.6
93.2 91.2 1.5
0.3
65.9 74.5 1.5
3.2
98 86.7 0.9
8.0
80.6 78.0 1.0
16
Blending
Gasoline Specs: ASTM D4814 Different Maketing localtion: # performance, specs.
17
Gasoline Additives
ppm
Additives
Additives
gasoline
gasoline
Gasoline
Gasoline
18
Gasoline Additives
Demulsifier
Anti-icing
Metal Deactivator
Gasoline Additive
Corrosion Inhibitors
Antiknock
Antioxidants
19
Gasoline Additives
AntiOxidants
Aromatic amines Phenol
Peroxide
Degrade Antiknock Pump wear Attack plastic fuel system
-C-C-C=CGasoline components
+ O2
Air
-C-O-O-C-
Gums
Peroxide
18
Gasoline Additives
AntiOxidants
Phenol Aromatic amines
Gasoline Additives
Corrosion Inhibitor
Carboxylates Phosphates Sufonates
CalcinateC-300R
20
Gasoline Additives
Corrosion Inhibitor
Silver corrosion Inhibitor
Thiadiazole
1,3,4-thiadiazole
Corrosive
Trace of sulfur H2S Mercaptan
Gasoline Additives
Demulsifier
Polyglycol derivatives
Stable Mixture
22
Gasoline Additives
Demulsifier
Demulsifier NR-240
Oxirane
1,2,3-Propanetriol
23
Gasoline Additives
Anti-icing
Alcohols Glycols
26
Gasoline Additives
Antiknock
Refining process
Increase the antiknock quality
Additives
27
Gasoline Additives
Antiknock
Additives
Lead alkyls: TEL, TML Manganese: MethyCyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) Iron (ferrocene) Oxygenated additives
28
Oxygenated Gasoline
History
Gasohol: Widespread use of EtOH in U.S- 10%V
7%V MTBE and 15%V in 1988 Required gasoline in US to be oxygenated to reduce [CO]
1978 1979
1990s
2001
2004
MTBE
29
Oxygenated Gasoline
Chemistry Oxygenated gasoline
Hydrocarbon-based gasoline
Oxygenates
Alcolhols
Ethers
30
Oxygenated Gasoline
Chemistry
31
Oxygenated Gasoline
Methanol and Ethanol
?
32
Specification
Gasoline
ASTM D4814
ASTM D4806:
Oxygenated Gasoline
Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
ASTM D5983:
Standard Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for Downstream Blending for Use in Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel 34
Oxygenated Specification
Properties
Ethanol + Higher alcolhols %V (Min) Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, %V Vapor Pressure, kPa Lead content, mg/l (Max) Sulfur, mg/kg (Max)
Class 1A
79
17-21 38-59 2.6 210
Class 2
74
17-26 48-65 2.6 260
Class 3
70
17-30 66-83 3.9 300
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36
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LOGO
Gasoline Specification
38
Gasoline Specification
ASTM D4814
BS EN 228 UK
CEN
DIN EN 228 Germany
NF EN 228 France
39
Gasoline Specification
ASTM D4814
10 gasoline properties
30 ASTM
40
Gasoline Specification
ASTM D4814
Gasoline Specification
Property Standard test method
Vapor Pressure
Octane Number Distillation Profile API Gravity Oxidation Stability Sulfur Content
ASTM D323, ASTM D5190, ASTM D5191, ASTM D4953, ASTM D5482, ASTM D6378
ASTM D2699, ASTM D2700 ASTM D86 ASTM D1298, ASTM D4052 ASTM D525 ASTM D2166, ASTM D2622, ASTM D3120, ASTM D4045, ASTM D4294, ASTM D5453.
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Gasoline Specification
Property Standard test method
ASTM D3237, ASTM D5059, ASTM D ASTM D4815, ASTM D5599, ASTM D5845 ASTM D130 ASTM D4814
ASTM D4176- free water content.
43
Volatility
1. Vapor Pressure: The pressure exerted by the vapor when the vapor is in equilibrium with the liquid or solid. 2. Distillation Profile
44
3. Vapor Liquid ratio Temperature at which a gasoline forms a vapor-liquid ratio of 20 (V/L = 20): 35 600C 4. Vapor Lock Index VLI = 10(VP) + 7(E70) 5. Driveability Index DIC = 1.5(T10) + 3.0(T50) + (T90) + 1.33 (ethanol volume percent)
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46
Gasoline Specification
47
Gasoline Specification
48
STT
92
0,013
TCVN 2703 (ASTM D 2699) TCVN 7143 (ASTM D 3237) TCVN 6704 (ASTM D 5059)
4 5 6
500
TCVN 2694 (ASTM D 130) TCVN 6593 (ASTM D 381) TCVN 6778 : 2000 (ASTM D 525) TCVN 6701 (ASTM D 2622 - 05) TCVN 7760 (ASTM D 5453) TCVN 3172 49 (ASTM D 4294)
43 - 75
2,5
10
40
TCVN 7023 (ASTM D 4953/ ASTM D 5191) TCVN 6703 (ASTM D 3606/ ASTM D 4420) TCVN 7330 (ASTM D1319) TCVN 3166 (ASTM D 5580) TCVN 7330 (ASTM D 1319/ASTM D 6296) TCVN 7332 (ASTM D 4815) TCVN 7332 (ASTM D 4815) TCVN 6594 (ASTM D 1298) /ASTM D 4052 TCVN 7331 (ASTM D 3831) TCVN 7759 (ASTM D 4176) TCVN 7332 (ASTM D 4185) TCVN 7332 (ASTM D 4185) TCVN 7759 (ASTM D 50 4176)
11
38
2,7 4-5 Bo co
14 Khi lng ring ( 15oC), kg/m3 Hm lng kim loi (Fe, Mn), mg/L, max
15
5 Trong, khng c tp cht l lng Khng pht hin (<0,2) Khng pht hin (<0,2) t (khng c)
16
Ngoi quan
51
53
54
ANTIKNOCK PERFORMANCE
Octane number Research octane number (RON) Motor octane number (MON)
55
56
LOGO
57
Q&A
58
ASTM ? Gii thch nt hi? Ma ng ? Why? Icing Cung cu 17 triu? Ph gia MTBE? Ti sao cm . Nhng thay i tnh cht. Ngoi MTBE? 2 dng xe? Yamaha- Honda? Kh khi ng. Gii php. Specs gasoline: cm quan EtOH- max VN 10%, pha thm? Ti sao xng VN-Nc ngoi chnh lch? Ko xut khu? (Cnh) : Nhn mnh chng kch n ? So snh vs khu vc. Gi c, cht lng nh gi xng pha: ph gia g axeton? EtOH? => Nhn dng ph gia.
59
Answers
1. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Material 2. Nt hi: 3. S ng bng ma ng: + Khng kh: + Trong xng: + Bn thn xng: 4. Cm ph gia MTBE 5. nh gi xng pha: ph gia g axeton? => Nhn dng ph gia.
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