Public administration basic concepts with political science flavour

moral law natural & scientific law other

it may rule which tells us what we ought to do its more normative view

certain regularities in nature & society its more positivistic view

state law , code .....etc all law derived through tradition ,constitution , authority , court ..........its true for moral & natural as well

Note acceptability of all law depends on acceptability by society or we can say that law are more applicable which has validity & value(moral) -------- but Rowllot act also there so think Law and liberty both interrelated --- liberty only arise or sustain there where is law applicable with moral value Equality and justice other factor which has great consequences From above things so many que can make so u improve your ability to think about such thing .. Concept of state and society - The State is a difficult concept to define. It has had a chequered evolution. State which, as pointed out by many scholars, is enmeshed into the political and cultural institutions of society, caste, class and institutions, formal as well as informal. RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE STATE, SOCIETY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Basic concepts of State, society, and public administration, and their inter-relationships. The interconnections between society and public administration, particularly between societal culture and have been discussed. The three most important conceptualizations of society-administration relationships by Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Fred Riggs have also been clearly brought out. Administration, particularly the emergence of the two paradigms of New Public Management and Governancethe two broad-gauge ideas that have exerted considerable influence on the scope and contents of Public Administration in recent times. The other point covered in this Unit has been the growing trend in recent times to forge a much closer relationship between State and society in larger public interest and for the enrichment of democracy. LIBERAL AND MARXIST PERSPECTIVE Liberal and Marxist perspectives differ in their view on the nature, composition and functions of the State. The key difference concerns the composition of the State. They understand the State to

be penetrated by classes or groups and, therefore, fundamentally reducible to forces that emanate from society. In the classical Liberal view or tradition, the power of a State is very closely related to its wealth, and State strategies often seek to maximise the latter to gain the former. The classic doctrine expressing this position was Mercantilism, which enjoyed great success in the late 17th and 18th centuries, but it could not fulfil Liberal hopes that the Hidden hand of economic growth would bring in social well-being and political harmony. Nor could the Marxian view about class-based capitalist State leading to withering away of State via Dictatorship of Proletariat and resultant genuine freedom and democracy be realised anywhere in the world. Yet, these perspectives (along with relative autonomy approach, Anti-dependency Marxism and the Neo-liberal) help us in understanding the role of State in contemporary times. Therefore, the debate and the search for a comprehensive perspective on the State continue, which may be able to associate the need for a capable State and the desire for perfect freedom for individuals and communities. NEO-LIBERAL PERSPECTIVE The Neo-liberal perspective or New Liberalism, as it is generally called is currently the reigning deity of social science discourse. Other perspectives including the fairly popular one of State welfarism have retreated in the face of consistent and persistent assault of the Neo-liberals. Public Choice Theory -- It stresses on methodological individualism,decentralisation, democratic administration and organizational competitiveness. CHANGING NATURE OF THE INDIAN STATE The achievement of the Indian State operating democratically in a very poor society is almost unprecedented The strength of Indian State lies in its overall democratic framework, civil liberties, the federal structure, the independent judiciary, some form of economic planning, graduated liberalisation, the mixed economy, and the luxuriant organisational diversity of public, private, cooperative, voluntary, associational, institutional, and other non-governmental actors, which have not only stood the test of time, but also Provide continuity with the past and a sound platform for future revitalisation. The impact of globalisation on the Indian State assumes significance in the contemporary context. Public Interest Litigation-- It means litigation filed in a Court of Law, for the protection of public interest IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION a) Redefining the respective spheres of State and non-state actors, building mechanisms for better interaction, and cooperation b) Framing suitable laws and regulations that provide necessary stability, confidence, enforcement; and

c) Building a professionalized civil service possessing necessary competence, skills, public service, participatory, and a pro-citizen ethic EMERGING CONCEPTS: NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, REINVENTING GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESSPROCESS REENGINEERING The public administrative organizations have always taken recourse to administrative reforms to meet their goals of efficiency and productivity with the advent of market as a major player in governance; the administration has gone in for NPM and BPR type of managerial reforms to put its house in order. Problem with this type of reform model is that it is not new and indigenous. In developing countries where more than half the population is poor, where institutions are not equipped to handle change and where social and legal network is wanting, these NPM and BPR initiatives are not sustainable. Despite the embeddedness of these principles in the New Right agenda and their leanings towards the business-like State, they supposedly have the potential to work better with changes in other legal parameters protecting the poor in developing and transitional countries. However, most governments with unstable political regimes have failed to undertake the desired changes. Thus, NPM and BPR have turned out to be more forced and coerced administrative reforms rather than a home-made and situation-specific sustainable change model for attending to the authentic and need based requirements of the developing countries including their capacity to compete with the developed world.

Concepts=scope...nature & importance why increase ww2 rapid development require -positivistic role , welfare state ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ORGANISATION

organisation element

LD white

Barnard

person

combined effort

common goal

common goal

willingnes to serve

MOONEY : form of every human arson

SIMON : planned sys. of co-operat. effort GULICK : formal struct. Of auth: GLADDEN : pattern of relationship in an enterprise PFIFFNER : relationship for orderly divn. Of labour LD WHITE : arrangement of personnel ---> allcn. of fun. & respns. C. BARNARD : sys. Of consciously co-ordered activities J.M. GAUS : relating of efforts & capacities ---> least friction, most satisfaction URWICK : what activities are necessary, arrange, assign ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PA aspect of admin, imbibe all work which affects masses delhi power distribution also -focus on E^6, R&D, C&A by the means of M^4 -evolution 1during spoil & unsuitable situation in america-but pre-practice in some part Europe-wilson ,pheldelphia ,minnowbrook notable -evolution2-npa,npm,nps,GOVERNANCE-gg, mng by objective, participative inclusive,conducive -evolution2 development not only arise in democracy but also other form of govt after ww2-plz note it -golmbewsky-locus what =subject matter Focus-where=impact/value Sn. paradigm time focus Start End why? Special Main theme why? 1 P1 1887-26 locus wilson LD Principal execution p-pa dichotomy 2 P2 1927-37 focus willougby G& U efficiency Pri. Of admin 3 P3 1950-70 locus GAUS MB1 Execution with some PA as P effi 4 P4 1956-70 focus MB Effi+mng idea PA as Mng 5 P5 1970-present locus MB Effi+mng idea+value PA as PA 6 P6 1970-present focus MB Hahaha-participation PA as devolution governance ,democratize with all above Pls-note here locus if focused then there will be focus also but narrow & between these paradigms there are sub paradigm also present -basically they are response and challenge THEORIES CT of PA-structural or procedural a)-SMT (tylor);

b)-general admin theory fayol ,G & U c)-Webers By theory Non-classical=behavioral a)-HR-mayo b)-behavoural-simon etc Modern=value specific a)-system- riggs and other b)-contingency basically all theory contain either some or all subject matter of org.---SPEB= structure, process, environment & behaviour classical more based on structure and process THEME a) TPA-structure process principle based--b) NPAPrinciple with mng--c) NPM-mng with HR &value----d) NPS-value with positivism----cliental S delivery oriented

References Ncert polity old and new IGNOU (MA) LAXMIKANT http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=cec.ugc+pub+ad&oq=cec.ugc+pub+ad&gs_l=y outube.3...1140.4836.0.5749.7.7.0.0.0.0.153.1010.0j7.7.0...0.0...1ac.1.11.youtube.GK-9zf5wthA http://www.jeywin.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Optional-Public-Administration-2-BasicConcepts-and-Principles.pdf

Nilesh kumar Garasiya