Unit 2: Places of Attraction

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Unit Two

Places of Attraction
Preparation
As for Reading Text 1, students are asked to read through the text, paying special attention to phrases that help to create an impression of luxury, elegance, wonder and excitement. This will provide them with relevant vocabulary for translating tasks with Reading Text 2 latter in this unit.

I. Text 1: Read this text and do the tasks that follow.

Departure into Legend

The Orient-Express was originally conceived by two men, Georges Nagelmackers and George Mortimer Pullman, and built to standards of outrageous luxury late last century and early this. Many carriages were lost during the war. The remainder gradually fell into disuse and finally, in 1977, the service was discontinued. The present owners began buying one carriage here, another there and restoring them in a way that has not so much become a legend as recreated one. Todays passengers first sight of the train is of the magnificent English Pullman cars waiting grandly at Londons Victoria Station for their prompt departure. Days of Days Just as you may take any sector of the LondonVenice route, so you may, of course, fly in to Venice and take the train in a northerly direction home. The route is exactly the same and in both directions we coincide lunch in all its splendour with the Alpine panoramas in all theirs. But let us suppose that you are journeying from London south to Venice. Your lunch, as you diddly-dum (and you really do) through the everpleasing countryside of Kent, will be a taste of things to come. Exquisite food flawlessly served in surroundings of magnificent opulence. At Folkestone you will slip aboard the ferry, special accommodation reserved and refreshments available, to bid the white cliffs farewell and savour the prospect of the Continental sector. (cont.)

(cont.) At Boulogne the stewards are on the platform to welcome you aboard. Courteous and professional to a fault, they love the train and show it in everything they do. In your cabin, a private day room till its

Continental breakfast, served in your cabin at the time you arranged, sees you stopping at Zurich before the real ascent begins. Up and up you climb, the views ever grander as you head for the dizzying Arlberg Pass and its six-and-a-half miles

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nightly transformation into a bedroom, you will be greeted by your luggage, yet more dazzling marquetry and period brass fitments that will fascinate you. Unpack. Try the gadgets so carefully demonstrated by your steward. Pen a line home on the cards or writing paper provided. Plot your route on the map. Because now you are well and truly on your journey. If you are traveling only to Paris your dinner sitting will be the early one. But early or late, it will be dinner worth calling dinner - and worth dressing for. Course after tantalising course cooked to perfection by superb French chefs, accompanied by famous wines and formally served in restaurant cars each differently appointed but equally devastating in its Twenties opulence. Yet not even with the brandy is your evening over. For as you retrace your footsteps live piano music lures you to the Bar-Salon. A Night to Remember And so, with your cabin miraculously transformed, top sheet turned down and reading lamp left thoughtfully aglow, to bed. As the train pauses at daybreak your steward will tiptoe past your cabin to pick up the morning papers and fresh croissants.

of amazing tunnel, then a brief stop at St. Anton before lunch. Lunch, as we promised is a scenic one. Towering forests, and peaks you have to crane to see, alternate with pretty waterfalls and rushing streams to take your breath away. Innsbruck, Roof Garden of Europe is yet to come, the colossal Brenner Pass where Austria joins Italy, and then the grand descent through the Dolomites to Verona and across the Venetian Plain to the most romantic city in the world. Venice the Unforgettable Few would dispute that the train journey is a difficult act to follow. Even fewer, however, would dispute that if one city can follow it at all, it is certainly Venice. Over 200 palazzi line the Grand canal. 400 picturesque bridges link island to island in a web of secluded squares, narrow streets and tiny gardens. Venice is a splendid prelude or a grand finale to the worlds most romantic adventure. From Venice you can now travel on to Istanbul, the trains original destination, by sea. Board the MV Orient Express for a week-long cruise back to Venice calling at Piraeus for Athens and the Parthenon, Istanbul, Kusadasi for Ephesus, Patmos and finally Katakolon for Olympia. (From Progress to First Certificate)

Task 1: Vocabulary and Expressions

English expressions

Vietnamese equivalents

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fell into disuse standards of outrageous luxury diddly-dum ever-pleasing countryside exquisite food flawlessly served magnificent opulence slip aboard the ferry bid the white cliffs farewell savour the prospect of the Continental sector Courteous and professional to a fault dazzling marquetry period brass fitments tantalizing course equally devastating Twenties opulence miraculously transformed the views ever grander the dizzying Arlbert Pass Towering forests pretty waterfalls and rushing streams to take your breath away the colossal Brenner Pass a web of secluded squares a splendid prelude a grand finale to the MV OrientExpress Lu : cm t Days of days cng c dng ging nh: Man of the Match Saying of the Day Student of the Class Young Person of the Year Player of the Tournament,

II. Structure - collocations

Mt s lu Hin tng mt s t thng hay xut hin bn cnh mt s t nht nh khc, hay cn gi l cp ng v (collocation) c th thy bt k ngn ng no. Ni cch khc, mt s ng t thng ch kt hp vi mt s danh t nht nh ch khng phi bt k danh t no. Tng t nh vy l

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cc cp danh t-tnh t; ng t-trng t; tnh t-trng t, , v d: cc t qu, c, tri, bp ngha cng gn ging nhau nhng khng phi c th dng thay th cho nhau khi ghp vi cc danh t nh: chui, cam, ng, khoai, c rt, trng, nhn, Tuy nhin, kh nng to cp t ng v ca cc ngn ng li khng ging nhau, ni cch khc, c cp t chp nhn c ting Vit nhng cp t tng chng nh tng ng li khng chp nhn c ting Anh, v ngc li. V d nu ta tra t in Vit-Anh th thc hin c th c cc ngha sau: carry out, perform, v undertake. Trong ting Vit, ng t thc hin c th kt hp vi nhiu danh t khc nhau, v d nh: thc hin chuyn ving thm, thc hin cam kt, thc hin nhim v, hoc thc hin gic m, tuy nhin mi danh t tng ng trong ting Anh li thng i vi mt ng t khc nhau, v d: pay a visit, undertake a commitment, carry out a task, hoc realize a dream, ...vv. Ngha gc trong t in ca mt s t c th thay i khi chng c dng bn cnh cc t khc nhau. V d khi dch t dry sang ting Vit, chng ta s khng gp kh khn g khi t ny c dng vi cc t nh dry clothes, dry river, dry weather, bi v trong ting Vit chng ta cng dng t kh m t qun o, dng sng, thi tit. Tuy nhin trong ting Anh, tnh t ny cn c dng vi nhiu danh t khc nh dry cow, dry wine, dry voice, dry community, dry wall, dry book, v khng th dch l kh trong ting Vit. Hy xt v d t tough trong bng di y:

Ngha trong t in

Cp t ting Anh tough guy tough meat

Cp t tng ng trong ting Vit chng trai mnh m, do dai tht dai ngi lnh bt khut (kin cng) cu hi kh (hc ba, kh nhn) cuc hnh trnh vt v (gian nan) k th ngoan c gii php cng rn

tough = khng nhng b

tough soldier tough question tough journey tough enemy tough measure

Ngi Vit khng bao gi ni ming tht khng chu nhng b m ni l tht dai, khng m t k th l kin cng m l ngoan c. Hay mt v d khc, t n tng ng vi t eat trong ting Anh nhng iu khng c ngha l mi cm t c ng t n u s c dch s dng ng t eat trong ting Anh. i vi cc cm t nh n bnh, n hoa qu th khng c vn g, nhng trong khi cc cm t (collocations) nh n hi l, n ba ti, khng n lng, n Tt c th chp nhn c trong ting Vit, th trong ting Anh ng t eat li khng i vi cc danh t tng ng, v do phi s dng cc ng t khc, chng hn take bribes, have dinner, without pay, enjoy Tet. Trong nhng trng hp ny, c th s dng t nht 2 cch dch sau: gii thch bng mnh (paraphrasing and explanation) hoc s dng nhm t tng ng trong ngn ng ch (target language (TL) equivalent collocation). V d, dry wall c th dch l tng cha trt lp va ngoi - explanation hoc tng th - equivalent, ch khng nn dch l tng kh v nh vy khng ng ngha ca nguyn bn.

Task 1: verb-noun collocations

Use the three symbols to describe the collocational patterning in the tables bellow:
Y = common/acceptable collocations N = unlikely/unacceptable collocations

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? = questionable/may be accepted in some special contexts

Table 1
chuyn thm thc hin tin hnh hon thnh thc thi trin khai Y Y Y N N nhim v Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y d n k hoch Y Y Y Y Y gic m Y N N N N

Table 2
a visit implement realize fulfill complete carry out perform N N N Y N N N N Y Y Y Y a duty a project Y Y N Y Y N Y Y N Y Y N a plan a dream N Y Y N N N

What conclusions can we draw from the tables? What are the implications for translation?

Find as many descriptive adjectives and adverbs from the text as possible (e.g. outrageous, magnificent, grandly, ...). Group them according to similarity in meaning, then add more words to each group. Think of as many Vietnamese adjectives and modifying adverbs that describes luxury, elegance, excitement as you can (e.g. sng sng, nguy nga, tuyt vi, ...). Compare the collocational patterning in the two languages as in Task 1 above.

Task 2: verb-noun collocations

Combine the verbs on the left with the nouns on the right. Can you think of any more nouns to go with these verbs. Find equivalent collocations in Vietnamese

Verbs 1. 2. 3. 4. give have make set advice (eg: 1, 3) a belief a donation an effort an example a target support an idea

Nouns a positive effect a good impression a contribution an announcement a record, notice an influence an opinion

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Task 3 : verb-adverb collocations

Part A Match a verb in column A with an adverb in column B, then compare them with the equivalent collocations in Vietnamese. Sometimes there is more than one possibility.

A
a. rain (eg: 2, 4) heavily b. breathe deeply c. fight courageously d. explain 1. peacefully 2. violently

3. forcefully, convincingly

clearly, 4. heavily
5. longingly, enviously 6. clearly, conscisely longingly, 7. courageously

concisely
e. die peacefully f. look

enviously
g. argue

8. deeply forcefully, 9. thoroughly convincingly 10. gently h. react violently i. behave badly, 11. deeply, soundly correctly, erratically 12. badly, correctly, erratically j. sleep deeply, soundly k. whisper softly l. stroke gently m. investigate 13. softly 14. steadily 15. carefully 16. attentively

thoroughly
n. listen attentively o. consider carefully p. progress steadily

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Part B Dch cc cu sau ra ting Anh, ch ti cc cm t in nghing, c th s dng cc trng t gi sau: badly, sincerely, categorically, strongly, deeply, firmly, totally, thoroughly, seriously, freely
1. ng CS Vit nam lun ht sc tin tng vo thng li ca ch ngha x hi. (believe in)

2.

Anh ta ra sc ph nhn nhng li buc ti chng li mnh. (deny)

---------------------------------------------------------------------3. ng ta cng khai tha nhn mc mt s sai lm trong nhim k ca mnh. (admit)

4.

Ti ht sc ly lm tic v nhng g xy ra. (regret)

---------------------------------------------------------------------5. Tai nn x y ra l do anh ta hon ton b qua nhng qui tc an ton ti thiu. (ignore)

6.

Ti ht sc ngng m lng dng cm v sc chu ng ca dn tc Vit Nam. (admire)

7.

Ti chn thnh khuyn anh nn n d cuc hp . (advise)

---------------------------------------------------------------------8. ng bo vng l lt ang ht sc cn s gip ca chng ta. (need)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

9.

Ti thc s khng cho rng mnh c th lm c tt hn nu vo a v ca anh ta. (doubt)

10. Chng ti ht sc tn thnh vi k hoch ny. (approve)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

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Task 4: adjective-noun collocations

Which of the emphasizing adjectives in column A would normally go with which nouns listed in column B, how are they translated into Vietnamese?
A a. Great b. deep c. big d. large e. heavy f. high g. strong h. absolute/complete B amount, anger, detail, difference, drinker, amazement, achievement, love, proportion, wealth, failure, happiness, cost, rain, level, feeling, understanding, taste, opinion, price, quantity, quality, help, friend, traffic, trouble, smell, pressure, power, snow, speed, fun, loss disappointment, decision, catastrophe,

Task 5: adverb-adjective collocations

Part A Match the adverbs in the middle with the set of adjectives on the outside. The adverbs must collocate with all the adjectives in any set (in most cases, they can be translated as ht sc, v cng, rt.

disappointed resentful cold changed different mistaken ill injured wounded simple fair reasonable

DEEPLY BITTERLY GREATLY HIGHLY SERIOUSLY FULLY PERFECTLY MOST

hurt (emotionally) offended moved amused trained qualified kind generous helpful aware insured conscious

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Part B Complete these sentences using each of the adverbs and a suitable adjective in the box above. Translate the completed sentences into Vietnamese.
1. The sergeant was . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . in the battle and had to be flown home to hospital. 2. I can't understand why you're having such trouble with the video - it's really . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . to operate. 3. I am just warning you that you would be . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . to think Im going to give in without a fight. 4. It is . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . in North Canada in the winter the temperature is never above zero. 5. It was . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . of you to lend me the car, and Im just writing to say how much I appreciated it. 6. She only needed a local anaesthetic, so she remained . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . throughout the operation. 7. Many people in the audience were . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . by his tragic story and began to cry. 8. People who leave university are often . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . but lack any practical work experience.

Task 6: Translation
Translate Text 1: Departure into Legend into Vietnamese, try to make the journey sound as attractive as possible.

Task 7: More paragraphs for translation.

Translate the following paragraphs into Vietnamese, paying attention to the italicised collocations:
Paragraphs Vietnamese collocations

Once, the name Vietnam signified not so much a country as a brutal jungle war or a spectacular failure of American power. In recent years, however, the lifting of Vietnamese government restrictions and the boom in budget travelling, have enabled more contemporary and relevant portraits of the country to gain currency in the West. An understanding of history still goes a long way in Vietnam, since the country has a unique civilisation and a highly cultured people, but nobody needs to swot to be entranced by the sublime scenery, the delicious cuisine and the opportunity to witness the invigorating, early days of Vietnams renewed contact with the West. Ho Chi Minh City is a bustling, dynamic and industrious centre, the economic capital and the cultural trendsetter of Vietnam. The streets, where much of the city's life takes place, is a myriad of shops, stalls, stands-on-wheels and vendors selling wares spread out on sidewalks. The city churns, ferments, bubbles and fumes. Yet within the teeming metropolis are the timeless traditions and beauty of an ancient culture. Central Ho Chi Minh City is the place to be on Sunday and holiday

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nights. The streets are jam-packed with young locals cruising the town on bicycles and motorbikes, out to see and be seen. Pham Ngu Lao and De Tham Sts form the axis of Saigon's haven of budget eateries. Magnificent Halong Bay, with its 3000 limestone islets rising from the clear, emerald waters of the Gulf of Tonkin, is one of Vietnam's natural marvels. The tiny islands are dotted with innumerable beaches and captivating grottoes created by the wind and waves. The name Ha Long means landing dragon. According to legend, the islands were formed by the swish of a dragons tail. A short journey through the misty sea quickly spurs romantic imaginations redolent of this tale. The excursion to Halong from Hanoi is hardly as alluring. As in most of Vietnam, cars must share the road with innumerable trucks, motorcycles, bikes, pedestrians, oxcarts, and large patches of rice or orange peels drying in the hot sun. But the trip is enlightening as it passes through Vietnams rice bowl, where the brilliant green rice fields are dotted with colorful cemetery vaults. Once there, a boat tour of this incredible bay can be arranged at dockside. Cold beverages can be arranged before leaving to complement one of the most enjoyable excursions of a lifetime. After more than 900 years of existence, repairs and renovations, Quoc Tu Giam is still an example of well-preserved traditional Vietnamese architecture. Also preserved within these confines are valued relics representing the Millenary civilization, such as stelae with inscriptions of the names of distinguished scholars, the Well of Heavenly Clarity (Thien Quang Tinh), the pavilion in dedication of the Constellation of Literature (Khue Van Cac). Particularly impressive is the collection of 82 stone stelae which rest upon large stone tortoises. They were created between 1484 and 1780 and are engraved with the names, places of birth and achievements of the 1,306 doctor laureates that received their degrees during this time span. These stelae were erected to encourage learning and bestow honor on the talented men who assisted the Kings in defending the country. An important historical and cultural vestige of Vietnam, Van Mieu and Quoc Tu Giam are currently under repair to restore their original appearance.

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III. Text 2

Vn tri Li Thiu
Phm Vn Lam
T TP H Ch Minh i v pha ng chng 20 km, chng ta gp mt vng sinh thi tuyt diu, l mit vn Li Thiu. X s ca loi hoa tri ny tr nn ni ting v thu ht khch du lch khong mi nm tr li y. Thnh ph n o, nng nc, lun lun ngt ngt, con ngi mun tr v vi thin nhin. V vi mit vn Li Thiu, ta s c ht cng lng ngc hi th ca ng qu. Chn ta s c bc trong nhng mit vn m li i ch va bc chn ngi. Ci th v c bit ca mit vn Li Thiu l hng thm ho quyn ca hng chc loi cy tri, quyn r, mi gi bc chn du khch. Mit vn Li Thiu c hnh thnh t xa cng vi lng qu m ca Nam B. Ngi n khai khn dng bc ti y bi t ai mu m, phong cnh hu tnh. Mun n vi Li Thiu, bn c th ngi trn chic xe du lch hoc ta-xi, bnh dn hn th i xe , cha y mt gi xe ch y bn c th t chn ln vng t ha ny. vo mit vn du lch, bn i qua mt cy cu kh p. T y, bn ro b vo cc li nh dn vo vn. Bn s gp nhng va tri cy thm lng v nhng chng trai, c gi Li Thiu vn cn mang dng dp chn qu, mi bn mua hng. Bn c th mua mt vi loi tri cy g v tr chuyn vui v. H s thnh hng dn vin du lch t nguyn cho bn. i trong vn y bng cy, bn c cm gic nh ang sng trong mi trng ca mt chic my iu ho nhit khng l. Mi tn cy l mt l phi ca thin nhin. i dc theo cc vn cy, thnh thong ta bt gp cc rnh dn nc t sng vo. Cc nh dn xen ln trong vn. Cy ci xanh tt vn vo thm v ph bng trn mi nh. Nu bn mun li thng thc mt gic ng tra v hng v c bit ca tri cy vng ny, th xin c vic ng lng trn nhng chic gh sn di gc cy. Hng nm, mit vn Li Thiu c hng nghn du khch n thm. Nhng ngi yu thin nhin v thch du lch tm hiu mit vn Nam B chc khng th khng mt ln gh v vng qu ng yu ny. L hi Cha B vo Rm thng Ging v nhng ma hoa tri quanh nm ang ch n bn. (Bo Nhn Dn)

Task 8: Collocations and translation

Find the English equivalents for the following words/phrases, then translate Text 2 into English.
vng sinh thi tuyt diu loi hoa tri hi th ca ng qu th v c bit t ai mu m phong cnh hu tnh hng thm ho quyn lng qu m vng t ha ny va tri cy thm lng mang dng dp chn qu hng dn vin du lch t nguyn

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chic my iu ho nhit khng l Cy ci xanh tt vng qu ng yu

Task 9. More passages for translation

Translate the following passages into English, pay attention to the italicised words/phrases
Paragraphs
Thnh ph Lt nm ngay trung tm vng cao nguyn pha Nam. Lt ni ting l mt thnh ph mt m , xanh ti vi mi trng nh m t cng vin. Bn c th tn b qua khu Php c vi nhng ngi bit th lng ly, ti thm Dinh Bo i - ni ngh h ca v Hong cui cng - nm uy nghim trn mt qu i hay i khm ph Thung lng Tnh yu y th mng nm cch trung tm thnh ph 5 km v pha Bc. Lt ni ting vi nhng qun c ph c o v l a im c bit a thch i vi vi du khch trong nc v nhng cp v chng i hng tun trng mt. Vnh H Long l mt thng cnh ni ting vng bin ng Bc Vit Nam, thuc tnh Qung Ninh, cch H Ni 151km v pha ng. y l mt trong nhng im du lch ca Vit Nam c UNESCO cng nhn l di sn thin nhin th gii. H Long l mt vnh kn trong mt vng bin rng, c din tch khong 1.500km2, c ng b bin khc khuu vi bi tm p - Bi Chy - ngay trung tm, v c mt th gii vi hng nghn o nh, ch yu l cc o vi qun t rt t nhin. Th gii trong vnh H Long tht mun hnh mun v, nhiu o c gi tn theo hnh dng t nhin ca n v nhiu hang ng p c tn gi gn lin vi cc truyn thuyt. Mt nc H Long t khi c sang ln. Nc bin H Long trong xanh mu ngc bch. Kh hu m p, mt m, trong lnh. H Long c sc hp dn c bit cc du khch bng v p va hng v, va duyn dng th m ng. Cnh sc H Long khng bao gi n iu, lun mi cc gc quan st khc nhau v thay i theo thi gian. Khch du lch n H Long vo bt k ma no trong nm cng tm th y v p ring y quyn r n m hoc ca n.

English collocations

a park-like environment

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Some suggested words/phrases seducing, alluring, inviting, beguiling tranquil, peaceful, quiet breath of life, vitality, air dreamland rustic, countrified, unsophisticated young locals stroll, saunter, ramble, wander tread, step, set foot on graceful, charming scent, fragrance, aroma, subtle smell wonderful, marvelous, spectacular, magnificent, grand, imposing, impressive heritage, relic, vestige track, walk, path, trail, passage captivating, attractive air, look, apprearance green, verdant, leafy, flourishing solemn, grand, majestic veranda, porch monotonous/dull/tedious channel, canal, inlet peculiar, distinctive, exeptional natural cluster crooked, winding, twisting varied, multifarious, divergent, manifold

End of Unit Two

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Unit Three

Environment
I. Text 1: Read this text and do the tasks that follow.

The dilemma that confronts the world

By Paul Brown
In an assessment on the future for the human race in the early part of the next century Klaus Tpfer, the executive director of the UN environment programme, said yesterday that the main threats to human survival were posed by water shortages, global warming, and a new danger - worldwide nitrogen pollution. Only by a massive increase in political will can a series of looming crises and ultimate catastrophe be averted. We have the technology but we are not applying it, he said. Launching a report called Global Environment Outlook 2000 in London yesterday Dr Tpfer said it was possible to reverse the process but conspicuous overconsumption by the worlds rich countries had to be cut by 90% to do so. He said what this meant was not a lowering of living standards but an application of existing science, through recycling, for instance. The developed world has the technology to bring about the fundamental changes needed to save millions of people from hunger, thirst and ill health. But there is no incentive to apply it until politicians are forcing manufacturers to do so, he said. There were signs that targets to cut greenhouse gases from industrialised countries by 5% by 2010 under the Kyoto protocol would not be reached, Dr Tpfer claimed. He described efforts to curb global warming as inadequate in comparison to the 60% cuts required and added that the world was already suffering as a result of climate change which was now unstoppable. Extreme weather events had left as many as 3m people dead in the last five years, Dr Tpfer said - the current US hurricane was an example of the destruction which was becoming more common because of climate change. Dr Tpfer, the former German environment minister, said: It is possible to get very angry and dismayed about what we are doing to the world but it does not help. What matters is being constructive and realising that where there is political will, much can be achieved. For example in Europe we have defeated the menace of acid rain by reducing by 75% the amount of sulphur dioxide released from factories since 1980.

(cont.) (cont.)
The worldwide reduction in the manufacture and use of CFCs has put us well on the way to curing the hole in the ozone layer. There are now salmon again in the Thames and the Rhine. We can do it if we try. We are improving things further with the urban waste water directive which will give us It is the lack of government control that has weakened the ability to solve problems, the report claims. Dr Tpfer said it was essential to force multinational companies to be accountable for their actions and what they produce. Under a new European directive car manufacturers are to be made responsible for dealing with their products at the end of their

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cleaner rivers and beaches but in other parts of the world 15m children under five die each year from diseases caused by drinking unclean water. Population continues to be a problem. In as recent as 1950 the population of Africa was half that of Europe, now it is about equal. In 2050 it will be three times that of Europe. We have to change these trends. A new problem identified by the report is nitrogen pollution. This is partly caused by untreated sewage from new cities, which pollutes water courses, but mainly by large increases in the use of artificial fertiliser to boost crop growth. Full scale emergencies already exist, says the report: water shortages are hampering developing countries; land degradation has reduced fertility and agricultural potential and destruction of the tropical rainforest has gone too far to be reversed. Dr Tpfer added: Many of the planets species have already been lost or condemned to extinction. One quarter of the worlds mammal species are now at significant risk of total extinction. At sea, fisheries have been grossly overexploited and half the worlds coral reefs are threatened with destruction, says the report. Air pollution has reached crisis proportions in many cities and it is too late to prevent global warming.

lives. Suddenly recycling cars has become easy, said Dr Tpfer. We could do this across a whole range of goods. At a stroke we could re-use materials again and again, making resources go 10 times as far as they do now. New wars have always threatened the environment of those directly involved but the effects are being felt ever wider. For example, in the Kosovo crisis, the Danube was closed and those downstream suffered pollution. The present course is unsustainable and postponing action is no longer an option. Inspired political leadership and intense cooperation across all regions and sectors will be needed to put both existing and new policy instruments to work, the report concludes. Ecological problems across the globe Africa Africa is the only continent where poverty is expected to rise in the next century. Twentyfive countries will lack sufficient fresh water by 2025. Some 200m Africans are undernourished. Deforestation, growing deserts, soil degradation and loss of species are occurring across the continent. Cities are growing faster than governments can develop services for them. Slums are causing serious health problems.

(cont.)

(cont.)
Asia and the Pacific This area sees 60% of the worlds population depending on 30% of the worlds land. Rapid economic growth and energy demand is likely to go on causing environmental damage. At least one in three Asians has no safe water to drink. Asias tendency to develop megacities such as Tokyo, Delhi and Jakarta generates environmental stress. Forest fires are a serious problem - 1m hectares (2.5m acres) of Indonesias forests were lost in 1997. Marine life has been degraded by overfishing and pollution.

North America Conspicuous over-consumption causes acute problems. Air pollution has been cut but the US alone generates as much as 25% of the worlds greenhouse gases. The average American uses 1,600 litres of fuel a year compared with 330 litres in Europe. Marine life has been overexploited: fish catches off the east coast have collapsed from 2.5m tonnes in 1971 to less than 500,000 tonnes. Exposure to pesticides and toxic compounds is a long-term threat to health. West Asia (Arabia) and Middle East Large areas are desert, or classed as dry lands and getting drier. Groundwater sources are

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Europe and Central Asia Road transport is the major source of air pollution and congestion is a serious problem. Europe produces a third of all global warming gases. Each person in western Europe produces 35% more waste than in 1980. Overfishing has left North Sea stocks seriously depleted. More than half of the large cities in Europe are using too much of their groundwater supply. Latin America and the Caribbean Nearly three-quarters of the population is already urban, many in megacities. In Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro air pollution causes an estimated 4,000 premature deaths a year. Waste disposal is a big urban problem. Forests are being depleted, particularly in the Amazon. Latin America has 40% of the worlds plant and animal types but habitat loss has left many extinct.

critically low as volumes used far exceed natural replenishment. Populations are growing far faster than water resources can be developed. Salt, alkaline deposits and excess nutrients are destroying soil fertility. Pollution is a serious problem. More than 1.2m gallons of oil a year are spilled into the Gulf. Polar regions This area is mainly affected by events elsewhere, but its climate drives the worlds weather and ocean currents. Ozone depletion in the atmosphere - which lets in more ultra-violet light - has produced global warming, which sees ice caps and glaciers melting. Pollutants and radioactivity are building up and threatening the food chain. Polar bears are disappearing as ice melts and fish stocks are being overexploited. Guardian Newspapers Limited 1999

Task 1: Vocabulary
Find the Vietnamese equivalents for the following words and expressions Expressions
executive director global warming global warming gas/green house gas (GHG) conspicuous overconsumption Kyoto protocol efforts to curb global warming menace of acid rain well on the way urban waste water directive untreated sewage artificial fertiliser full scale emergencies land/soil degradation significant risk of total extinction grossly overexploited seriously depleted crisis proportions

Vietnamese equivalents

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At a stroke inspired political leadership intense cooperation across all regions and sectors megacities premature deaths habitat loss fish catches exposure to compounds critically low alkaline deposits soil fertility pesticides and toxic

Task 2: Translation
Translate the text The dilemma that confronts the world into Vietnamese.

II. REFERENCE AND MEANING

Referential words are those that stand for something already said, or implied, in the text. Some of the commonest of these are it, that, this, which, these, those. (Note: distinguish impersonal constructions with it or dummy subject and referential it.) The following examples are taken from the text for translation: We have the technology but we are not applying it, he said. ... and added that the world was already suffering as a result of climate change which was now unstoppable. It is possible to get very angry and dismayed about what we are doing to the world but it does not help. ... the current US hurricane was an example of the destruction which was becoming more common because of climate change. In 2050 it will be three times that of Europe. We have to change these trends. Under a new European directive car manufacturers are to be made responsible for dealing with their products at the end of their lives.

Task 3: Translation
Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese, paying attention to the italicized referential words In this exercise, students are advised to ask themselves two questions: What precisely is meant by the words in italics (it, that, this, etc.)? Do we need to use the same words in the translation, or are there other possibilities?

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A referential word can stand for a whole spoken or unspoken thought. It is therefore necessary for the students not to look at words such as this or that in isolation and to try to translate them both literally and idiomatically.
1. Thanks to its experience, modern equipped plants and expert staff this electronics firm satisfies the needs of both home and foreign buyers. Its appearance on the world market and ever more firm business arrangements it concludes thanks to capital investment make it ever more prominent.

2.

It has long been noticed that people differ very much in their capacity to handle words and this is not necessarily related to their intelligence.

3.

The Venice-London Orient-Express is one of the worlds great railways - not only does it get there, but it does it in style.

4.

Despite his gratitude for his friendly reception there, Freud did not go away with a very favorable impression of America. Such prejudices were very apt to last with him, and this one never entirely disappeared; it was years before close contact with Americans visiting Vienna even softened it.

5. In todays China a change is taking place which, in environmental terms, is as remarkable as the move to a
market economy. It has reached a stage where the dark side of Chinas economic growth is too significant to be ignored.

III. SHORT CUTS, CONTRACTIONS AND SUBSTITUES

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For the sake of brevity, or to avoid repetition, writers and speakers often leave out what is understood. They may also use substitute expression to refer to something already mentioned. For instance: The developed world has the technology to bring about the fundamental changes needed to save millions of people from hunger, thirst and ill health. But there is no incentive to apply it until politicians are forcing manufacturers to do so, he said. Here to do so is a substitute for to apply the technology and should be translated as such in order to avoid any ambiguity in the translation. There are often several ways of translating these elliptical constructions (or short cuts). Students can use equivalent short cuts in the target language, or they can complete the unspoken phrases before translating. Hence, expressions like for so doing, and in doing so may be translated in quite different ways, depending on the context.

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Task 4: Translate the following into Vietnamese

1. Friend A: But speaking out may get you into trouble. Friend B: Its often done so in the past.

2. The alcoholic may drink for no apparent reason. Whether or not the person is aware of

why he drinks is questionable; reasons for so doing may or may not be conscious.

3. If you want marvelous descriptions by an interesting man of interesting places, then this

is the book for you. If not, not.

4. This translator has written out, in good readable English prose, exactly what he thinks

the original means. His translation deserves to be widely read, and will be.

5. Can you state it in simple language? If so, do.

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6. In the next round, should Chelsea win, then must Manchester United if the latter is to

retain their slim one-point lead in the Premier League.

IV. EMPHASIS: CONVERSIONS, CLEFT SENTENCES

There are various ways to give emphasis in English. The most common are conversions, use of auxiliaries cleft (divided) sentences and some special phrases such as not...until and as...as. the following examples are taken from the main text: Only by a massive increase in political will can a series of looming crises and ultimate catastrophe be averted. But there is no incentive to apply it until politicians are forcing manufacturers to do so, he said.

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He said what this meant was not a lowering of living standards but an application of existing science, through recycling, for instance. Extreme weather events had left as many as 3m people dead in the last five years, Dr Tpfer said What matters is being constructive and realising that where there is political will, much can be achieved. In as recently as 1950 the population of Africa was half that of Europe, now it is about equal. It is the lack of government control that has weakened the ability to solve problems, the report claims.

Task 5: Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese, paying attention to the emphasis structures:
1. What I saw in China was that growing evidence of popular concern, especially about air and water pollution, has meant that environmental issues have become a serious political concern.

2. I negotiated with the Chinese for many years as a secretary of state for the environment. Never before did I feel, at the highest level, this enthusiasm to find an environmental way through.

3. It is the ozone layer that acts as a fragile, protective shield of gas around the planet that absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun.

4. It is the depletion of the ozone in recent years that has been linked to the emissions of chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) used in the manufacture of aerosol cans and refrigerators and has been blamed to skin cancer, reduced crop growth and environmental damage.

5. That the destruction of animal habitats is causing the extinction of many species at an alarming rate has been warned by the environmental think-tank Worldwatch Institute.

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6. It was not until he mentioned his name that I realized we had been at school together.

7. Nobody would question doctor Ks skills as a surgeon, nor does anyone doubt the success of his last operation but what he did was operate on the wrong patient.

8. The power failure was not fixed until well after midnight. Until then, nobody could go to sleep because it was too hot.

9. I have no idea why the little girl is crying. All I did was smile at her.
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10. I wasnt in the office yesterday, so it must have been my assistant that you spoke to.
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11. What I cant understand is why you didnt come and see me earlier.
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12. You should remember that until you get the degree, you are still a student and must observe all the university regulations

Task 6: translate the following sentences into English, using the suggested phrases
1. Cha bao gi min qu nh b ny phi hng chu mt trn bo khng khip n nh vy. Never ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 2. Khng nhng ti lun trn trng nhng kin ca anh ta m cn ht sc ngng m tnh cch ca anh y na. Not only .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...

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3. Trong bt k trng hp no cnh ca ny cng khng c m. Under no circumstances.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 4. Chng no anh ta cha hiu th chng anh ta cn t cu hi vi ging vin. He .................. not.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. until.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 5. Ngay khi trn u va bt u, u din ra trn khn i. No sooner .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 6. Nu anh gp bt c kh khn g th c bo ti gip, ng ngi g c. (Should you...) Should you.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 7. iu m mi nc cn phi lm l nng cao nhn thc cho ngi dn v tm quan trng ca vic bo v mi trng. What .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 8. S khng bao gi chng ti cho php mt s c ng tic nh vy xy ra ti nh my ca chng ti na. Never .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 9. Ch bng con ng m rng hp tc quc t v huy ng s tham gia ca ton dn th Vit nam mi c th bo v mi trng pht trin bn vng v thc hin c cam kt ca mnh trong Cng c khung ca Lin hp quc v Thay i Kh hu (UNFCCC). Only by .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 10. Vic gim thiu pht thi kh nh knh v bo v tng ozone khng cn l trch nhim ca mt quc gia n l no na m tr thnh nhim v chung ca c loi ngi. No longer .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 11. Ch ti khi Brazil xut sng kin v C ch Pht trin Sch (CDM) th cc bn tham gia trong Cng c khung ca Lin hp quc v Thay i Kh hu mi ng c vi nhau v k vo mt hip nh quc t mi v mi trng c tn l Ngh nh th Kyoto. (Only when...) Only when .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...

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.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 12. Him c khi no nhng hu qu ca nhim mi trng lin quan n nn cht ph rng, pht thi kh nh knh v x l cht thi li c th hin r rt nh vy thng qua hng lot cc thin tai tn khc xy ra gn y khp ni trn th gii. (Rarely...) Rarely .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 13. Theo c tnh th vi mc tiu nu khng c s pht trin cc bit l cc nng lng ti sinh b nhin liu ho thch trn th th nng lng nh hin nay v ngun nng lng thay th, c th ch n nm 2050 thi, ton gii s b cn kit. (...as early as ...)

.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. as early as 2050, .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 14. Phi n Hi ngh Thng nh Rio 1992 th Cng c v a dng Sinh hc (CBD) mi c hiu lc php l buc cc nc k kt phi thit lp cc vn quc gia v cc khu bo tn thin nhin cng nh khai thc ti nguyn theo hng hp l hn v mt sinh thi. It was nor until .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 15. Cc cng c quc t v a dng sinh hc to ra cc cng c php l kim sot vic mua bn cc ng vt hoang d trn th gii, tuy nhin chnh do nhu cu i vi ti nguyn thin nhin gia tng lm cho vic suy gim s loi sinh vt c nguy c tuyt chng vn tip din. (it is.. that) .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. , however, it is .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... that .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ..

16. Chng no ngi dn min ni vn cn cha ht l thuc vo ci

v coi l ngun nng lng ch yu cng nh l ngun thu nhp quan trng th chng kh c th gii quyt c nn cht ph rng hin nay. (until...)

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Until .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...

(Some suggested English phrases: GHG emissions; biological diversity; emission mitigation; unfortunate incident; sustainable development; clean development mechanism; run out/deplete; legal tools; wildlife; endangered species; international treaty; Kyoto Protocol; alternative energy; renewable energy; fossil fuels; legally bind sbd to; devastating calamities; natural reserves; in a more ecologically sound manner)

V. TEXT FOR TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH

Text for translation into English Va qua ti H Ni, Tng cc Mi trng t chc Hi tho Ly kin gp cho d tho s 0 ca Bo co mi trng quc gia 2012 vi chuyn Mi trng nc mt lc a. Ph Tng cc trng Hong Dng Tng ti d v ch tr hi tho. Ti d hi tho cn c cc i biu l cc chuyn gia i din cho cc n v trc thuc B Ti Nguyn v Mi trng, B Cng Thng, B K hoch v u t, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn, mt s Chi cc Bo v mi trng, Trung tm Quan trc mi trng thuc cc tnh min Bc. Theo Lut Bo v mi trng 2005, hng nm, B TN&MT c trch nhim xy dng Bo co chuyn v mi trng trnh quc hi. Trong nm 2012, B TN&MT giao Tng cc Mi trng ch tr xy dng Bo co chuyn v Mi trng nc mt lc a. Mc tiu ca hi tho nhm ly kin cc chuyn gia nhm hon thin d tho s 0, qua , s dn hon thin mt bc tranh phn nh chung v hin trng, din bin mi trng nc mt lc a ca Vit Nam, t c th nh gi v phn tch nguyn nhn, nhng tc ng nh hng n mi trng nc mt, cc bt cp trong qun l v s dng ngun nc; d on xu th din bin mi trng nc mt trong thi gian ti v ngh cc gii php gii quyt cc vn mi trng nc mt cch hiu qu. Pht biu khai mc ti hi tho, Ph Tng cc trng Hong Dng Tng cho bit Bo co mi trng Quc gia l bo co quan trng, tp hp cc thng tin, d liu nh gi v mi trng ca Vit Nam trong cc lnh vc, c gi tr thc tin trong tham kho, nghin cu; l c s xy dng phng hng chin lc quc gia v mi trng giai on ti; l c s Chnh ph xy dng chin lc pht trin kinh t x hi. Ph Tng cc trng nhn mnh Bo co mi trng Quc gia hin nay ngy cng c x hi quan tm, c x hi cng nhn c v tr xng ng trong cng tc bo v mi trng. Bo co ngy cng cp cc vn bc xc c th, st vi thc t, ngy cng m hn, khng n trnh, c bit l cc vn cha c trong cng tc qun l nh nc v mi trng. Vn mi trng nc l vn nng hi, c bit trong bi cnh hin nay ang c i mi v mt chnh sch, php lut nh Lut Ti nguyn nc mi ban hnh, Lut Bo v mi trng ang c xem sa i b sung... Qua , Bo co mi trng Quc gia nm 2012 s tp trung nh gi li ton b chnh sch v vn mi trng tt c cc lu vc sng, bo v mi trng h v mi trng nc mt xuyn bin gii trong thi gian 5 nm va qua. Ti hi tho, cc chuyn gia v i biu tham d a ra cc kin ng gp thng thn, xy dng cho bn d tho s 0 ca Bo co mi trng quc gia 2012. Cc kin trao i v ng gp qu bu s c Tng cc Mi trng tng hp, sa i v a vo D tho s 1 Bo co mi trng quc gia 2012. (Source: http://vea.gov.vn/vn/hientrangmoitruong/baocaomtquocgia/) Vietnamese phrases English equivalents

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Tng cc Mi trng Bo co mi trng quc gia nc mt lc a Ph Tng cc trng B Ti Nguyn v Mi trng B Cng Thng B K hoch v u t B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn Chi cc Bo v mi trng Trung tm Quan trc mi trng Lut Bo v mi trng din bin mi trng bt cp chin lc quc gia v mi trng chin lc pht trin kinh t x hi vn bc xc vn cha c qun l nh nc v mi trng sa i b sung lu vc song mi trng nc mt xuyn bin gii

Task 8: Translate the text into English

End of Unit Three

Translation Practice.