Assessing the Sukhoi PAK-FA

Sukhoi/KnAAPO T-50/I-21/Article 701 PAK-FA !"#$%&'() *&%+,%-''() .-/"0#! 1 -'$-&-) *&%+,%% Air Po2er Austr3li3 An3l4sis 2010-01 15th Fe5ru3r4 2010 54 6r 73rlo Ko889 S:AIAA9 :I;;;9 P;ng9 Peter <oon9 =; >:ech?9 FT; >@SATPS? B 20109 73rlo Ko889 Peter <oon

First prototype of the PAK-FA during an early test flight, January 2010 (Sukhoi image !

Abstract
The public exposure of the Sukhoi/KnAAPO T-50/I-21/Article 701 PAK-FA or

 !"#$%&' ($#)*#+%%&' ,+- .! /+%"+$+' ($#)*## 0ollo1in2 the 23th 45nu5r67 20107 te8t 0li2ht h58 9ro:i;e; 8u00icient hi2h re8olution i<52er67 :i;eo c5<er5 0oot52e7 5n; inci;ent5l ;i8clo8ure8 to 9er0or< 5n initi5l technic5l7 techno-8tr5te2ic7 5n; 8tr5te2ic 588e88<ent o0 thi8 ne1 hi2h 9er0or<5nce lo1 o=8er:5=le <ultirole 0i2hter ;e8i2n> The o=8er:e; 9rotot69e ;e8i2n e<9lo68 5n interi< 8u9ercrui8in2 5n; thru8t :ectorin2 en2ine7 co<<on to the 9ro;uction Su-?5S Fl5nker> The con0i2ur5tion i8 inten;e; to :5li;5te 5ero;6n5<ic 5n; 868te<8 9er0or<5nce7 5n; i8 cle5rl6 not inten;e; 0or 0ull :5li;5tion o0 lo1 o=8er:5=le8 9er0or<5nce> A ne1 ?5 - @0 kl=0 cl588 ?A TBC 8u9ercrui8in2 en2ine 0or the PAK-FA i8 currentl6 =ein2 ;e:elo9e; =6 DPO S5turn> An5l68i8 o0 PAK-FA 9rotot69e 5ir0r5<e 8h59in2 8ho18 5 ;e8i2n 1hich h58 0or15r; 0u8el52e7 inlet7 u99er 0u8el52e7 1in2 5n; t5il 8ur05ce 5ir0r5<e Ber6 Eo1 O=8er:5=le FBEO/8te5lthG 8h59in2 1hich i8 hi2hl6 co<9etiti:e 525in8t the HS F-22A I59tor 5n; JF-2? ATF ;e8i2n8> A0t 5n; centre lo1er 0u8el52e7 5n; 50t 0u8el52e 5n; noKKle 8h59in2 i8 in0erior to the F-22A Raptor and YF-23 ATF designs, sharing the same deficiencies as the F-35 Joint tri!e Fighter" This ma# be an artefact of the u8e o0 the interi< en2ine87 5n; uncert5int6 5=out 50t 5n; =e5< 8ector o=8er:5=le8 9er0or<5nce 1ill re<5in until l5ter 9rotot69e8 1ith the 9ro;uction en2ine 5n; 50t/lo1er 0u8el52e 8h59in2 5re 5:5il5=le> Anal#sis of $A%-FA protot#pe airframe aerod#namic features sho&s a design &hich is superior to all 'estern e(ui)alents, pro)iding *extreme agilit#+, superior to that of the u-35 , through much of the flight en)elope" This is accomplished b# the combined use of 3, thrust )ector control of the engine no--les, all mo)ing tail surfaces, and refined aerod#namic design &ith relaxed directional static stabilit# and careful mass distribution to control inertial effects" The $A%-FA is fitted &ith unusuall# robust high sin! rate undercarriage, intended for T./ operations" ,isclosures indicate that the a)ionic suite and s#stems fit &ill be deri)ed from the u-35 design, &ith the important difference in the use of an )er# high po&er-aperture product 0-band multimode primar# A1 A radar" Fi)e A1 A apertures are intended for production $A%-FA aircraft" The highl# integrated a)ionic suite is intended to pro)ide similar data fusion and net&or!ing capabilities to the F-22A Raptor" The a)ailable e)idence demonstrates at this time that a mature production $A%-FA design has the potential to compete &ith the F-22A Raptor in 2/. performance from !e# aspects, and &ill outperform the F-22A Raptor aerod#namicall# and !inematicall#" Therefore, from a technological strateg# perspecti)e, the $A%-FA renders all legac# 3 fighter aircraft, and the F-35 /ightning 44 Joint tri!e Fighter, strategicall# irrele)ant and non)iable after the $A%-FA achie)es 4.5 in 2675"

Aet5ile; 8tr5te2ic 5n5l68i8 in;ic5te8 th5t the onl6 :i5=le 8tr5te2ic 8ur:i:5l 8tr5te26 no1 re<5inin2 0or the Hnite; St5te8 i8 to ter<in5te the 4oint Strike Fi2hter 9ro2r5< i<<e;i5tel67 re;irect 0ree; 0un;in2 to 0urther ;e:elo9 the F-22 I59tor7 5n; e<9lo6 :5ri5nt8 o0 the F-22 5ircr50t 58 the 9ri<5r6 0i2hter 5ircr50t 0or 5ll Hnite; St5te8 5n; Allie; TACAII nee;8> I0 the Hnite; St5te8 ;oe8 not 0un;5<ent5ll6 ch5n2e it8 9l5nnin2 0or the 0uture o0 t5ctic5l 5ir 9o1er7 the 5;:5nt52e hel; 0or ;ec5;e8 1ill =e 8oon lo8t 5n; A<eric5n 5ir 9o1er 1ill =eco<e 5n 5rte05ct o0 hi8tor6>

IntroCuction PAK-FA 6eDelo8Eent Fistor4 T3ctic3l9 O8er3tion3l 3nC Str3tegic IE83ct oG the PAK-FA PAK-FA 6esign Philoso8h4
o o o o o

PAK-FA Ho2 O5serD35le 6esign PAK-FA AeroC4n3Eic 6esign PAK-FA Structur3l9 S4steEs 3nC Pro8ulsion 6esign PAK-FA 7ock8it9 ADionics 3nC I3C3r 6esign PAK-FA Je38ons 73835ilities

Aotes/IeGerences/=i5liogr38h4 Iel3teC Ie3Cing Ackno2leCgeEents AnneK A PAK-FA Protot48es AnneK = PAK-FA :ultiEeCi3

IntroCuction
The e<er2ence o0 the Iu88i5n Sukhoi PAK-FA <5rk8 the en; o0 the Hnite; St5te8L Mu5rter centur6 lon2 <ono9ol6 on the ;e8i2n o0 Ber6 Eo1 O=8er:5=le FBEOG or 8te5lth 5ircr50t 1> The c595=ilitie8 o0 the PAK-FA <5ke 5 cle5r 8t5te<ent ;e0inin2 the Iu88i5n :ie1 o0 Nithin-Bi8u5l-I5n2e FNBIG 5n; Oe6on;-Bi8u5l-I5n2e FOBIG 5ir co<=5t7 1hich ;i:er2e8 0un;5<ent5ll6 0ro< conte<9or5r6 Ne8tern thinkin2> The Iu88i5n 95r5;i2< i8 cle5rl6 centre; on the i;e5 th5t OBI 5n; NBI co<=5t 5re <uch 5like7 in8o05r 58 ;urin2 the en252e<ent en;25<e the 0i2hter un;er 5tt5ck i8 1ithin tr5ckin2 r5n2e o0 the 1e59on 0ire control 868te< 5n; 1here 9o88i=le the 1e59on or 0ire control ele<ent 8houl; =e ;e0e5te; kine<5tic5ll6> The 9rinci95l o=8er:e; ;i00erence =et1een NBI 5n; OBI co<=5t in the Iu88i5n <o;el7 i8 th5t the l5tter relie8 <ore he5:il6 on lon2 r5n2e 8en8or8 5n;

their

5=ilit6

to

;e0e5t

lo1

o=8er:5=ilit6

<e58ure87

or

5cti:e

counter<e58ure8>

Ae8i2ne; to co<9ete 525in8t the F-22 in tr5;ition5l Oe6on; Bi8u5l I5n2e FOBIG 5n; Nithin Bi8u5l I5n2e FNBIG 5ir co<=5t7 the PAK-FA 8h5re8 5ll o0 the ke6 0i0th 2ener5tion 5ttri=ute8 until no1 uniMue to the F-22 - 8te5lth7 8u9er8onic crui8e7 thru8t :ectorin27 hi2hl6 inte2r5te; 5:ionic8 5n; 5 9o1er0ul 8uite o0 5cti:e 5n; 9588i:e 8en8or8> Nhile the PAKFA 0ir<l6 Mu5li0ie8 58 5 0i0th 2ener5tion ;e8i2n7 it h58 t1o 0urther 5ttri=ute8 5=8ent in the ePt5nt F-22 ;e8i2n> The 0ir8t i8 ePtre<e 52ilit67 re8ultin2 0ro< 5;:5nce; 5ero;6n5<ic ;e8i2n7 ePce9tion5l thru8t/1ei2ht r5tio 9er0or<5nce 5n; three ;i<en8ion5l thru8t :ectorin2 inte2r5te; 1ith 5n 5;:5nce; ;i2it5l 0li2ht control 868te<> The 8econ; 5ttri=ute i8 ePce9tion5l co<=5t 9er8i8tence7 the re8ult o0 5 257000 l= intern5l 0uel lo5;> The intern5l 5n; ePtern5l 1e59on 956lo5; 5re likel6 to =e 8o<e1h5t l5r2er7 thou2h co<95r5=le to tho8e o0 the F-22A> Iu88i5 inten;8 to o9er5te 5t le58t t1o hun;re; PAK-FA87 In;i5 t1o hun;re; 5n; 0i0t6 o0 the In;i5n Fifth "eneration Fighter Air#raft (F"FA :5ri5nt7 1ith 2lo=5l PAK-FA eP9ort8 likel6 to 5;; 5t le58t 500 <ore t5il8 to the 9ro;uction t5ll6> The 8t5te; intent i8 to 8u99l6 the PAK-FA 58 5 re9l5ce<ent 0or ePi8tin2 T-10 Fl5nker 8erie8 0i2hter 5ircr50t> Initi5l 5n5l68i8 o0 PAK-FA i<52er6 5n; 9u=lic ;i8clo8ure8 =6 the Iu88i5n 2o:ern<ent 5n; Sukhoi =ure5u in;ic5te th5t 5 9ro;uction PAK-FA 1ill 6iel; 2re5ter 5ero;6n5<ic 5n; kine<5tic 9er0or<5nce to the current F-22A ;e8i2n7 5n; 8i<il5r lo1 o=8er:5=le8 9er0or<5nce to the F-?5A 4SF 2> Nhile the =58ic 8h59in2 o=8er:e; on thi8 0ir8t 9rotot69e o0 the PAK-FA 1ill ;en6 it the critic5l 5ll-589ect 8te5lth 9er0or<5nce o0 the F-22 in OBI 5ir co<=5t 5n; ;ee9 9enetr5tion7 it8 ePtre<e <5noeu:r5=ilit6/controll5=ilit6 ;e8i2n 0e5ture87 1hich re8ult in ePtre<e 52ilit67 2i:e it the 9otenti5l to =eco<e the <o8t leth5l 5n; 8ur:i:5=le 0i2hter e:er =uilt 0or 5ir co<=5t en252e<ent8?> It i8 i<9ort5nt to con8i;er th5t the 9u=licl6 ;i89l56e; PAK-FA 9rotot69e ;oe8 not re9re8ent 5 9ro;uction con0i2ur5tion o0 the 5ircr50t7 1hich i8 to e<9lo6 5 ne1 en2ine ;e8i2n7 5n; ePten8i:e BEO tre5t<ent8 1hich 5re not reMuire; on 5 9rotot69e> A nu<=er o0 o=8er:er8 h5:e 5tte<9te; to ;r51 conclu8ion8 5=out 9ro;uction PAK-FA BEO 9er0or<5nce =58e; on the 5=8ence o0 8uch tre5t<ent87 the re8ult o0 1hich h5:e =een 5 8erie8 o0 unre5li8tic5ll6 o9ti<i8tic co<<ent5rie8> PAK-FA Eo1 I5te Initi5l Pro;uction i8 9l5nne; 0or 201?7 5n; Full I5te Pro;uction 0or 20157 1ith initi5l ;eli:erie8 o0 the In;i5n ;u5l 8e5t :5ri5nt 9l5nne; 0or 2017>

PAK-FA 6eDelo8Eent Fistor4

$arly rendering of the PAK-FA design (%P& Saturn ! The e:olution 5n; ;e:elo9<ent hi8tor6 o0 the PAK-FA7 hi8toric5ll67 h58 not =een 1ell ;ocu<ente; in o9en 8ource87 l5r2el6 ;ue to the hi2h le:el8 o0 8ecrec6 8urroun;in2 thi8 9ro2r5< 8ince it8 ince9tion> Nh5t i8 kno1n 0ro< o9en 8ource8 l5r2el6 5<ount8 to 5 coll5tion o0 :5riou8 intention5l 5n; inci;ent5l Iu88i5n ;i8clo8ure87 5n; incre58in2l67 ;i8clo8ure8 =6 In;i57 1ho h5:e 5 25Q 8h5re in the ;e:elo9<ent o0 the ;e8i2n> Stu;6 o0 the 5ircr50tL8 ;e8i2n 0e5ture87 5n; e5rlier Sukhoi ;e<on8tr5tor87 in;ic5te th5t <uch c5re0ul thou2ht h58 =een in:e8te; into thi8 ;e8i2n 5n; it8 9ro2re88i:e ;e:elo9<ent o:er 5 9erio; o0 t1o ;ec5;e8> Nhen the So:iet8 ;e9lo6e; the Su-27S Fl5nker O ;urin2 the e5rl6 13R087 in:e8t<ent into 5 re9l5ce<ent 158 initi5te;>

Thi8 re8ulte; in the re58on5=l6 1ell kno1n 13308 SiT I>@@ SFI FSno2o-Funkt8ionni6 I8tre=itelL or Sulti-Iole Fi2hterG7 1hich 158 5 <ultirole 0i2hter <o;elle; on the 5ero;6n5<ic8 o0 the three UVuroc5n5r;W ;e8i2n87 =ut <uch l5r2er 5n; inten;e; to =e 9o1ere; =6 the Al-@1F 8u9er8onic crui8e en2ine> The SFI 158 =uilt to 8u9ercrui8e7 5n; to 9ro:i;e :er6 hi2h 52ilit67 =ut no in:e8t<ent 158 <5;e into 8i2n5ture re;uction7 <5kin2 it 0un;5<ent5ll6 unco<9etiti:e 525in8t the e5rl6 13308 HS Air Force A;:5nce; T5ctic5l Fi2hter FATFG JF-22 5n; JF-2? ;e<on8tr5tor8> The l5ck o0 5 0uture 0or 5n eP9en8i:e hi2h 8i2n5ture 0i2hter7 5n; the SiT or25ni85tion8 de fa#to =5nkru9tc6 ;ue to the eP9ort <5rket 8ucce88 o0 the l5r2er Sukhoi Fl5nker7 851 the SFI rele25te; to 5 ;e<on8tr5tion 9ro2r5<> The i<9ort5nt 9ro;uct o0 the SFI 9ro2r5< 158 the Al-@1F 8u9ercrui8in2 en2ine7 <o;elle; on the Hnite; St5te8L Pr5tt X Nhitne6 F113 8erie87 1hich 9o1er8 the F-22A> The Al-@1F i8 the =58i8 o0 the hi2h te<9er5ture core co<9onent8 u8e; in the 8u9ercrui8e c595=le 117S 8erie8 en2ine7 1hich no1 9o1er8 the 9ro;uction Su-?5S Fl5nker 5n; PAK-FA 9rotot69e8> Aurin2 thi8 9erio; Sukhoi ;e:elo9e; the unu8u5l S>?2/S>?7 0or15r; 81e9t 1in2 ;e<on8tr5tor7 inten;e; to co<=ine 8u9er8onic 9er0or<5nce 1ith 8u9er-<5noeu:r5=ilit6> Thi8 ;e8i2n ;e<on8tr5te; the u8e o0 l5r2e EVY7 o:er l5r2e Mu5rter circul5r inlet8> Eike the SFI7 thi8 ;e8i2n 158 not 8te5lth6 5n; 158 u8e; to 9ro:e =58ic technolo2ie8 5n; ;e8i2n rule8> A <ore 8ucce880ul ;e<on8tr5tor =uilt ;urin2 thi8 9erio; 158 the Su-?7 USu9er Fl5nkerW7 ;eri:e; 0ro< the e5rlier Su27S/Su-?5 Fl5nker V> The Su-?7 158 inten;e; to ePten; the T-10 Fl5nker ;e8i2n to the li<it7 e89eci5ll6 in 5:ionic 868te<8 5n; <5noeu:re 9er0or<5nce> It intro;uce; the 0ir8t 5Pi-86<<etric ?A Fthree ;i<en8ion5lG Thru8t Bector Control FTBCG noKKle87 <5nu5ll6 controlle;7 5n; l5ter inte2r5te; 1ith the Ai2it5l Fli2ht Control S68te< FAFCSGZ the 0ir8t Mu5;ru9leP AFCS in 5 Iu88i5n 0i2hterZ co<9o8ite 8tructur5l co<9onent8Z 5 <o;ern 2l588 cock9it 5n; 0orce 8en8iti:e 8i;e8tick controllerZ ;i2it5l core 5:ionic8Z the D-011S OAIS h6=ri; Vlectronic5ll6 Steere; Arr56 FVSAG r5;5rZ 5n;7 5 co<95ct VSA t5il 15rnin2 r5;5r> The co<=in5tion o0 5ero;6n5<ic ;e8i2n re0ine; throu2h 9ro2re88i:e e:olution5r6 ;e:elo9<ent7 AFCS7 t1in ?A :ectorin2 thru8t 8u9ercrui8in2 en2ine8 intero9er5tin2 in 5n; on 5n 5;:5nce; kine<5tic ;e8i2n 5ir0r5<e7 ePten;e; the Fl5nker ;e8i2n 8Mu5rel6 into the c5te2or6 o0 UePtre<e 52ilit6W - 1hich c5n =e ;e0ine; 58 the h5r<oni8e; 5n; co<9le<ent5r6 =5l5nce o0 ePtre<e <5noeu:r5=ilit6 5n; ePtre<e controll5=ilit6> The Su-?7 Su9er Fl5nker ;e<on8tr5tion e00ort ePten;e; the :i5=ilit6 o0 the =58ic T-10 Fl5nker ;e8i2n =6 5l<o8t t1o ;ec5;e87 5n; 6iel;e; =58ic technolo26 u8e; in the ;e8i2n o0 the Su-?0SKI/SKS Fl5nker [ 5n;7 58 8een in the l5tter 95rt o0 200R7 the Su-?5S7 o0ten l5=elle; the U@\\ Tener5tion Fl5nkerW> It 5l8o 9ro:i;e; eP9erience 1hich 158 critic5l to the ;e:elo9<ent o0 the re9l5ce<ent 0or the T-10 Fl5nker 8erie8> The PAK-FA 9ro9erl6 Mu5li0ie8 58 5 218t centur6 9ro]ect7 58 0or<5l ten;erin2 0or the 9ro2r5< 158 l5unche; ;urin2 the 2000 - 2001 9erio; =6 the Iu88i5n SoA> Iu88i5n 8ource8 cl5i< th5t Sukhoi7 SiT 5n; J5ko:le: 1ere in:ite; to =i; 9ro9o85l8> Initi5l thinkin2 158 to ;e:elo9 5 0i2hter l5r2er th5n the SiT-23 Fulcru<7 =ut 8<5ller th5n the Su-27 Fl5nker7 1ith 2re5ter r5n2e/9er8i8tence to the Fl5nker7 lo1 o=8er:5=le c595=ilit67 ePtre<e 52ilit67 8u9er8onic crui8e c595=ilit67 5n; ne5r STOE 8hort 0iel; c595=ilitie8> Sukhoi 1on the ten;er in 2002 1ith it8 T-50/I-21 9ro9o85l7 1ith SiT 5n; J5ko:le: en252e; 58 8u=contr5ctor8 in the ;e:elo9<ent> Iu88i5n 8ource8 8t5te th5t SukhoiL8 5=ilit6 to 0un; <uch o0 the ;e:elo9<ent e00ort 0ro< co<95n6 eP9ort re:enue 9ro0it8 158 5 <5]or 05ctor in the ;eci8ion> The initi5l ;e8i2n o0 the PAK-FA 158 0ini8he; in 200@7 5<i; 9u=lic contro:er8ie8 5=out lo1er th5n inten;e; <5Pi<u< 89ee;7 5n; 2re5ter th5n inten;e; e<9t6 1ei2ht> Full Iu88i5n SoA 0un;in2 158 not 9ro:i;e; until 2005 - 200^ @>

The 9rotot69e 0lo1n on the 23th 45nu5r67 20107 i8 inten;e; to 9ro:e 5ircr50t 5ero;6n5<ic87 8tructure7 5n; co<95ti=ilit6 o0 the BEO 8h59in2 1ith 5ero;6n5<ic 5n; 8tructur5l con8tr5int8> It i8 cl5i<e; to =e 0itte; 1ith the 117S Al-?1F en2ine :5ri5nt7 co<<on to the Su-?5S7 58 the inten;e; ne1 en2ine h58 6et to co<9lete ;e:elo9<ent 5n; enter 9ro;uction> The l5tter i8 eP9ecte; to =e 5 :5ri5nt or ;eri:5ti:e o0 the Al-@1F ;e8i2n> The ePi8tin2 9rotot69e 9ro=5=l6 l5ck8 5 co<9lete :er8ion o0 it8 0in5l 5:ionic 8uite7 <o8t likel6 e<9lo6in2 l5r2e 95rt8 o0 the ne1 5n; 0ull6 ;i2it5l Su-?5S 5:ionic 8uite 58 5 =58i8 0or e:ol:in2 the ;e8i2n o0 the 0in5l 5:ionic8 0it7 58 h58 =een the c58e on the ;e:elo9<ent o0 9re:iou8 Fl5nker :5ri5nt8> The 0ir8t U9u=licW 0li2ht l58te; @7 <inute8 5n; 158 inten;e; to te8t h5n;lin27 en2ine =eh5:iour7 l5n;in2 2e5r o9er5tion7 5n; =58ic 868te<8 0unction82> The PAK-FA 158 ;e8i2ne; 1ith 5 8t5te; reMuire<ent o0 =ein2 5=le to o9er5te 0ro< 8hort7 un9re95re; run1568 in 8u99ort o0 eP9e;ition5r6 o9er5tion8> Nith the ePce9tion o0 5n o=8er:5=le ;e9lo6e; 5rre8tor hook7 the PAK-FA ;e8i2n incor9or5te8 5ll o0 the ke6 ;e8i2n ch5r5cteri8tic8 th5t 5re reMuire; in 5ircr50t =uilt to o9er5te 0ro< Iu88i5n D5:6 8ki]u<9 eMui99e; 5ircr50t c5rrier8> It i8 not kno1n 1hether the ePt5nt 8tructur5l ;e8i2n inclu;e8 the nece885r6 9ro:i8ion8 0or 5rre8tor hook lo5;8> VMui99e; 1ith ?A TBC 5n; l5r2e EVY control 8ur05ce87 9o1er 599ro5ch 89ee;8 in the or;er o0 100 knot87 8ink r5te8 8o<e1h5t le88 th5n 20 0t/8ec 5n; Muite 0l5t 5ircr50t 599ro5ch 5ttitu;e8 c5n =e eP9ecte; 0ro< thi8 ;e8i2n7 58 c5n co<<en8ur5tel6 lo1 5rre8tor hook 5n; rel5te; c5rrier l5n;in2 lo5;8> Such 9er0or<5nce7 1hen co<=ine; 1ith the ePten8i:e 0iel; o0 :ie1 9ro:i;e; =6 the 0i2hter/8trike/5tt5ck c5no96 con0i2ur5tion7 5n; 5 0unction5l 5rre8tor hook 868te<7 likel6 inte2r5te; into the re5r :entr5l intern5l 1e59on =567 1oul; <5ke the PAK-FA 5n e<inentl6 8uit5=le 5ircr50t 0or <5riti<e o9er5tion8> In;i5 158 en252e; e5rl6 in the PAK-FA ;e:elo9<ent e00ort7 =ut Iu88i5n 8ource8 8u22e8t th5t ne2oti5tion8 on the 1ork 8h5re =et1een [AE 5n; Sukhoi/KnAAPO 1ere 9rotr5cte;> O9en 8ource8 8u22e8t th5t In;i5 i8 re89on8i=le 0or 25Q o0 the ;e:elo9<ent o0 the PAK-FA7 9ri<5ril6 in 8o0t15re 5n; 868te<8 inte2r5tion7 5re58 1here In;i5 h58 recent eP9erience :i5 the Su-?0SKI 9ro2r5<> In;i5 i8 to 5l8o contri=ute in co<9o8ite <5teri5l87 1ith cl5i<8 the PAK-FA 8tructure i87 =6 tot5l 5ircr50t 1ei2ht7 r5ther th5n ]u8t the 5ir0r5<e 8tructur5l 1ei2ht7 8o<e 25Q tit5niu< 5llo687 5n; 20Q co<9o8ite8> In;i5n 8ource8 8u22e8t th5t =oth 8in2le 5n; ;u5l 8e5t :5ri5nt8 1ill =e =uilt 0or In;i5>

T3ctic3l9 O8er3tion3l 3nC Str3tegic IE83ct oG the PAK-FA

The 8u9er8onic crui8e c595=ilit67 inte2r5te; 8en8or 8uite7 re89ect5=le BEO 9er0or<5nce7 ePtre<e 52ilit6 5n; ePce9tion5l 9er8i8tence o0 5 <5ture 9ro;uction PAK-FA 1ill 9ro;uce 5 8i2ni0ic5nt i<95ct in the 9o8t 2015 9erio;7 5t the t5ctic5l7 o9er5tion5l 5n; 8tr5te2ic le:el8> In turn7 thi8 1ill 5l8o 9ro;uce 5 9olitic5l i<95ct> The PAK-FA re9re8ent8 5n ePcellent eP5<9le o0 the kin; o0 U#apa'ility surpriseW 8tu;ie; in the l5te 2003 Ae0en8e Science Oo5r; re9ort> Nhile the 05ilure to 5ccount 0or the i<<inent 5rri:5l o0 thi8 ;e8i2n in Hnite; St5te8 TACAII 0orce 8tructure 9l5nnin2 Mu5li0ie8 the PAK-FA 58 5 Ukno(n #apa'ility surpriseW7 the i<9ort5nt 5;:5nce8 in PAK-FA 5ero;6n5<ic7 kine<5tic 5n; lo1 o=8er:5=le8 ;e8i2n 5l8o Mu5li06 it 58 5 Usurprising #apa'ility surpriseW> Technic5l 5n5l68i8 o0 the PAK-FA7 in the 0ollo1in2 8ection8 o0 thi8 959er7 8ho18 th5t it8 5ero;6n5<ic 9er0or<5nce 5n; 52ilit6 1ill ePcee; th5t o0 5ll Hnite; St5te8 =uilt co<=5t 5ircr50t currentl6 in 8er:ice or 9l5nne;7 1ith the ePce9tion o0

the 6et to =e ;e0ine; U8iPth 2ener5tion 0i2hterW7 1hich 5t =e8t i8 15 - 20 6e5r8 5156 0ro< Initi5l O9er5tion5l C595=ilit6 FIOCG> Technic5l 5n5l68i8 o0 the PAK-FA 5l8o 8ho18 th5t the 5ircr50tL8 BEO 8h59in2 9er<it8 the ePi8tin2 9rotot69e con0i2ur5tion to 5chie:e 8i<il5r BEO 9er0or<5nce to the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter7 5n; 1ith lo1er 5n; 50t 0u8el52e BEO 8h59in2 ;e8i2n i<9ro:e<ent87 9otenti5ll6 co<9etiti:e BEO 9er0or<5nce 525in8t the F-22A I59tor> At the t5ctic5l le:el thi8 1ill 9ro;uce 5 l5r2e i<95ct in Oe6on; Bi8u5l I5n2e 5n; Nithin Bi8u5l I5n2e 5ir co<=5t> An i<9ort5nt Mu5li0ic5tion i8 th5t <o8t recent 5n5l68e8 o0 rel5ti:e 5ir co<=5t c595=ilitie8 9er0or<e; in the Hnite; St5te8 588u<e th5t OBI co<=5t 1ill 5ri8e <uch <ore 0reMuentl6 th5n NBI co<=5t> The =58i8 o0 thi8 588u<9tion i8 th5t o99o8in2 5ir co<=5t c595=ilitie8 5re e58il6 ;etecte; 5n; tr5cke; =6 ISI 868te<87 9er<ittin2 Hnite; St5te8 0i2hter 5ircr50t to choo8e the ti<e7 9l5ce 5n; t69e o0 en252e<ent8 to 5n 5;:5nt52e> Thi8 588u<9tion coll598e8 i0 the o99o8in2 0i2hter h58 8i2ni0ic5nt BEO c595=ilit67 58 5 <5ture PAK-FA 1ill> The re8ult i8 th5t 5tt5ckin2 PAK-FA8 1ill h5:e to =e en252e; 5t <uch clo8er r5n2e8 th5n ePi8tin2 non-8te5lth6 thre5t87 58 the6 enter 9re;ict5=le 2eo<etrie87 1hen 5tt5ckin2 hi2h :5lue t5r2et8 8uch 58 ANACS/AVNXC 9l5t0or<87 t5nker87 or ;e0en;e; 8ur05ce 588et8> Another i<9ort5nt Mu5li0ic5tion i8 th5t the ePtre<e 52ilit6 o0 the PAK-FA ;e8i2n 1ill 8i2ni0ic5ntl6 ;e2r5;e the kill 9ro=5=ilit6 o0 5ll Hnite; St5te8 Air to Air Si88ile87 FAASG e89eci5ll6 thou2h the AIS-120 ASIAAS7 1hich 1ill =e ch5llen2e; to 8u8t5in the nece885r6 <5noeu:re8 to ;e0e5t the PAK-FA> Eike the F-22A I59tor7 the PAK-FA 1ill 9ro:i;e 5 8i2ni0ic5nt c595=ilit6 0or the kine<5tic ;e0e5t o0 in=oun; <i88ile 8hot8> P5r5<etric 5n; t5ctic5l 5n5l68i8 9er0or<e; =6 Air Po1er Au8tr5li5 in 200R - 2003 on the likel6 i<95ct o0 5 <5ture 9ro;uction PAK-FA ;e9lo6e; 525in8t Hnite; St5te8L 0i2hter t69e8 h58 =een co<9letel6 :5li;5te;7 2i:en the con0i2ur5tion o0 the PAK-FA 9rotot69e> U)o( stealthy does the PAK-FA need to 'e to defeat *S lega#y fighters+ A radar #ross se#tion of only -20 d,S- (ould deny early ,eyond .isual /ange (,./ missile shots using the A0--120123 A-/AA- to all #urrent and planned *S fighters! 3oing any 'etter, like -40 d,S- or -50 d,S-, simply in#reases the le6el of diffi#ulty in prose#uting long range missile atta#ks!W U7he #onse8uen#e of this is that missile #om'at (ill 'e #ompressed into shorter distan#es and shorter timelines, putting a premium on the stealth, supersoni# persisten#e and #lose #om'at agility of *S fighters! A larger portion of engagements (ill 'e at 6isual range, and most ,./ engagements (ill end up taking pla#e inside 40 nauti#al miles!W5 In Oe6on; Bi8u5l I5n2e co<=5t7 the co<=in5tion o0 8u9er8onic crui8e 5n; co<9etiti:e BEO 9er0or<5nce 1ill 5llo1 the PAK-FA to e<ul5te the t5ctic8 ;e:elo9e; 0or the F-22A I59tor> The PAK-FA c5n thu8 =e eP9ecte; to 9ro;uce 2re5ter lo98i;e; 5ir co<=5t ePch5n2e r5te8 to tho8e 5chie:e; =6 the F-22A I59tor 1hen 0lo1n 525in8t le25c6 Uteen 8erie8W 0i2hter8 in ePerci8e8 8ince 200@> V:en i0 the PAK-FA ;e8i2n 1ere onl6 to 5tt5in h5l0 o0 the e00ecti:ene88 o0 the F-22A I59tor7 it 1ill 8till 6iel; OBI ePch5n2e r5te8 o0 the or;er o0 50_1 525in8t le25c6 0i2hter8> The arri)al of the $A%-FA therefore irre)ocabl# enforces the end of the operational usefulness of the teen series 8F-75 9 F-7: 9 F9A-7;< generation of fighter aircraft, mar!ed b# the ad)ent of the u-35 , in the traditional fighter roles of air superiorit#, air defence and tactical stri!e in contested airspace" These aircraft &ill retain operational utilit# onl# in permissi)e en)ironments, &here neither the u-35 nor the $A%-FA is deplo#ed or is able to be deplo#ed" Do le88 intere8tin2 i8 the i<95ct 5t 5 t5ctic5l le:el 1hen the PAK-FA i8 0lo1n 525in8t the F-22A I59tor>

9Fights 'et(een the F-22A and the PAK-FA (ill 'e #lose, high, fast and lethal! 7he F-22A may get :first look; (ith the AP"-<<, the Ad6an#ed 0nfra /ed Sear#h and 7ra#k (A0/S7 sensor ha6ing 'een deleted to sa6e money, 'ut the PAKFA may get :first look; using its ad6an#ed infrared sensor! 7hen, the engagement 'e#omes a supersoni# e8ui6alent of the ,attle of ,ritain or air #om'at o6er %orth Korea! 7he out#ome (ill 'e diffi#ult to predi#t as it (ill depend a lot on the #om'at skills of the pilots and the #apa'ilities of the missiles for end-game kills! 7here is no guarantee that the F22 (ill pre6ail e6ery time!=^ The t5ctic5l i<95ct o0 5 <5ture 9ro;uction PAK-FA i8 there0ore 5 lo88 o0 the o:er1hel<in2 5;:5nt52e 9ro:i;e; until no1 =6 the F-22A I59tor> Flo1n 525in8t the PAK-FA7 5 ;eci8i:e outco<e c5n onl6 =e 2u5r5ntee; =6 nu<eric5l 8u9eriorit6 o0 the F-22A 0orce in the5tre> The Hnite; St5te8L O00ice o0 the Secret5r6 0or Ae0ence FOSAG h58 8ince l5te 200R 9ro<ote; the u8e o0 the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter 58 5 8u=8titute 0or the F-22A I59tor7 e<9lo6in2 thi8 r5tion5le 58 5 ]u8ti0ic5tion to Con2re88 0or the 9re<5ture ter<in5tion o0 F-22 9ro;uction> There0ore7 the 8ur:i:5=ilit6 5n; leth5lit6 o0 the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter 1hen 9itte; 525in8t 5 <5ture PAK-FA h58 =eco<e the critic5l <e58ure o0 the o9er5tion5l 5n; 8tr5te2ic :5lue o0 9l5nne; Hnite; St5te8 TACAII c595=ilitie8> P5r5<etric 5n; t5ctic5l 5n5l68i8 9er0or<e; =6 Air Po1er Au8tr5li5 in 200R - 2003 on likel6 en252e<ent outco<e8 =et1een the PAK-FA 5n; F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter 5re 5l8o :5li;5te; =6 technic5l 5n5l68i8 o0 the PAK-FA 9rotot69e ;e8i2n> U7he F-4> Joint Strike Fighter struggles to sur6i6e against the #on6entional Su-4>,- Flanker, (ith only its -40 d,S#lass front se#tor stealth keeping it ali6e in some ,./ #om'at situations! Against e6en a -20 d,S- #lass PAK-FA, the F-4> falls (ithin the sur6i6a'ility 'la#k hole, into (hi#h *S lega#y fighters su#h as the F-1?12$, F-1>12$ and F2A1@A-F ha6e already fallen!W5 U7he fate of the F-4> Aightning 00 (ould 'e far (orse in an air #om'at en6ironment #hallenged 'y the PAK-FA! 0f the -a#h 1!> PAK-FA is using its infrared sensor as the primary sensor and o'ser6es radio fre8uen#y emission #ontrol ($-1&% , then the first dete#tion 'y the F-4>;s AP"-@1 radar #ould 'e at B20 nauti#al miles or less (ith a missile laun#hed 'y the PAK-FA;s infrared sensors already in'ound from ?0 to <0 nauti#al miles a(ay! 7he PAK-FA #ould easily 'reak to a dire#tion outside the F-4>;s A0--120 engagement Cone!=^ U7he sustained turning performan#e of the F-4>A Aightning 00 (as re#ently dis#losed as 5!D> " at -a#h 0!@ and 1>,000 ft! A 1D?D F-5$ Phantom 00 #ould sustain >!> "s at 0!@ -a#h (ith 50 per#ent internal fuel at 20,000 feet! 7he F-4> is also mu#h slo(er than the 1D?0s F-5$ or F-10>3! So the F-4>A;s aerodynami# performan#e is :retrograde; (hen #ompared (ith 1D?0s lega#y fighters! 7he #onse8uen#e of su#h inferior JSF performan#e is that its 3AS might dete#t an in#oming missile, 'ut the air#raft la#ks the turn-rate to out-fly it! As the F-4> also la#ks the performan#e to engage or es#ape, repeated :free'ie; shots from the PAK-FA #ould infli#t high losses! $Epe#t the eE#hange rate to 'e of the order of 5F1 in fa6our of the PAK-FA, possi'ly mu#h higher>=^ The arri)al of the $A%-FA therefore also irre)ocabl# enforces the end of the operational usefulness of the F-35 /ightning 44 Joint tri!e Fighter, defined around a 7==6s technolog# threat spectrum, in the traditional fighter roles of air superiorit#, air defence and tactical stri!e in contested airspace" The F-35 &ill, not unli!e legac# fighters, retain operational utilit# onl# in permissi)e en)ironments, &here neither the u-35 nor the $A%-FA is deplo#ed or is able to

be deplo#ed" The o9er5tion5l i<95ct o0 in;eci8i:e co<=5t lo88 ePch5n2e r5te8 =et1een 5 <5ture 9ro;uction PAK-FA 5n; the F-22A I59tor7 5n; :er6 hi2h F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter lo88 r5te8 525in8t 5 <5ture 9ro;uction PAK-FA h5:e <5]or i<9lic5tion8 5t 5n o9er5tion5l le:el7 5n; con8eMuentl67 5t 5 8tr5te2ic 5n; 9olitic5l le:el> Once the PAK-FA is deployed within a theatre of operations, especially if it is supported robustly by counter-VLO capable ISR syste s, the !nited States will no lon"er ha#e the capability to rapidly i pose air superiority, or possibly e#en achie#e air superiority$ %his will not only deny the !nited States access to an opponent&s defended airspace, it also presents the prospect of !nited States forces bein" unable to reliably defend in-theatre basin" and lines of resupply$ Should this occur, in-theatre basin" and surface assets beco e e'posed to air attac( by aircraft ar ed with a wide ran"e of accurate and hi"hly lethal Precision )uided *unitions, with the potential for #ery hi"h loss of life and e+uip ent deployed in-theatre$ Con:ention5l thinkin2 in the 9l5nnin2 o0 5ir c5<95i2n87 e<9iric5ll6 o=8er:5=le 0ro< the OlitKkrie2 c5<95i2n8 o0 the 13@08 throu2h to the recent Hnite; St5te8 le; 5ir c5<95i2n8 8ince 13317 9l5ce8 5 he5:6 e<9h58i8 on the ;e0e5t o0 o99o8in2 5ir0iel;8 =6 5eri5l 5tt5ck7 to ;en6 5n o99onent the o99ortunit6 to conte8t 5ir895ce> To 5chie:e thi8 e00ect7 5n 5tt5cker nee;8 the c595=ilit6 to re9e5te;l6 9enetr5te ;e0en;e; 5ir895ce to 8hut ;o1n 5ir0iel;87 kee9 the< 8hut ;o1n7 5n; in0lict 5ttrition u9on o99o8in2 5ircr50t on the 2roun;> The ePecution o0 thi8 c5<95i2n 8tr5te26 =6 Hnite; St5te8 0orce87 5n; Allie87 i8 no1 =eco<in2 9ro=le<5tic ;ue to the ;e:elo9<ent 5n; 9roli0er5tion o0 5;:5nce; 5nti-5cce88 c595=ilitie8 8uch 58 counter-BEO c595=le ISI 868te<87 5n; 5;:5nce; hi2h <o=ilit6 Sur05ce Air Si88ile 868te<87 8uch 58 the S-?00PSH2 F5:orit / SA-20O7 S-@00 Triu<0 / SA-21 5n; 9l5nne; S-500 8erie8> Thi8 8tron2l6 li<it8 Hnite; St5te8 o9tion87 58 onl6 the O-2A S9irit 5n; F-22A I59tor c5n 9enetr5te 8uch ;e0ence8 1ith 5cce9t5=l6 lo1 lo88 r5te8> The ;e9lo6<ent o0 5 <5ture PAK-FA into 8uch 5n en:iron<ent :er6 8i2ni0ic5ntl6 incre58e8 ri8k8 to Hnite; St5te8 0orce87 58 the 5ircr50t c5n cre;i=l6 ch5llen2e the F-22A I59tor in 5ir co<=5t> Nhile the inten;e; 8ur:i:5=le 8trike/ISI 5ircr50t ;e0ine; in the <o8t recent `u5;renni5l Ae0en8e Ie:ie1 ;ocu<ent <567 e:entu5ll67 9ro:i;e 5 cre;i=le c595=ilit6 to 9enetr5te 5;:5nce; 5nti-5cce88 c595=ilitie87 5n; thu8 5tt5ck o99o8in2 5ir0iel;87 it 1ill nee; to =e ;e0en;e; 525in8t the PAK-FA7 5n; 5ir0iel;8 ;e9lo6in2 thi8 5ircr50t 1ill 5l8o nee; to =e ;e0en;e; 525in8t PAK-FA 5ircr50t t58ke; 1ith counter-5ir 8trike <i88ion8> In ter s of technolo"ical strate"y, the PAK-FA thus effecti#ely defeats the force structure odel planned for !nited States %A,AIR capabilities, as defined by OS- policy state ents, and as reiterated in the recently released .uadrennial -efense Re#iew docu ent$ Shoul; the Hnite; St5te8 continue 5lon2 the 0orce 8tructure 95th 0or TACAII <599e; out =6 OSA 9olic6 ;e0inition o0 the l58t three 6e5r87 it 1ill =e ;enie; 5cce88 to 5n6 o9er5tion5l the5tre into 1hich cre;i=le nu<=er8 o0 the PAK-FA 5re ;e9lo6e; =6 5n o99onent> In turn7 the Hnite; St5te8 1ill =e ;eterre; 0ro< the u8e o0 con:ention5l 0orce8 in 8uch 5 8cen5rio> The con8eMuence o0 thi87 in turn7 i8 th5t 8i2ni0ic5nt 9re88ure 1ill =e 9l5ce; u9on 5 0uture Pre8i;ent to thre5ten the u8e o07 or o9er5tion5ll6 u8e7 t5ctic5l nucle5r 1e59on87> A not ;i88i<il5r 8itu5tion 1oul; 5ri8e in the 8cen5rio 1here the Su-?5S i8 ;e9lo6e;7 in t5ctic5ll6 8i2ni0ic5nt nu<=er87 or in concert 1ith the PAK-FA> 4ointl6 5n; 8e:er5ll67 the8e 8cen5rio8 h5:e ;ee9er 2eo8tr5te2ic 5n; 9olitic5l i<9lic5tion8 1hich 5re =e6on; the 8co9e o0 thi8 959er>

If the !nited States does not effect so e funda ental chan"es to its force structure plan, it will lose the strate"ic option of e ployin" non-nuclear ilitary capabilities in theatres where the PAK-FA and/or si"nificant nu bers of the Su-01S are deployed$ The onl6 9r5ctic5l lo1 ri8k o9tion 5:5il5=le to the Hnite; St5te8 i8 to ;e9lo6 o:er thi8 ;ec5;e l5r2e nu<=er8 o0 5;:5nce; 0i2hter 5ircr50t 1hich 5re co<9etiti:e 525in8t the PAK-FA in 5ir co<=5t7 =oth OBI 5n; NBI> The 9ro9o8e; U8iPth 2ener5tion 0i2hterW i8 not 5 :i5=le conten;er in thi8 ti<e 0r5<e> The F-?5 Ei2htnin2 II 4oint Strike Fi2hter i8 not co<9etiti:e 5n; c5nnot =e <5;e to =e co<9etiti:e ;ue to =58ic ;e8i2n li<it5tion8 in 5ero;6n5<ic 5n; BEO 8h59in2 9er0or<5nce> The onl6 5ircr50t =uilt =6 the Hnite; St5te8 1hich c5n 8ur:i:e in 5ir895ce conte8te; =6 the PAK-FA i8 the F-22 I59tor7 5n; 2i:en the ti<e 0r5<e o0 intere8t7 it i8 the onl6 ;e8i2n 1hich c5n =e 5;59te; to ;e0e5t the PAK-FA> In =58ic 2r5n; 8tr5te26 ter<87 the 5rri:5l o0 the PAK-FA le5:e8 the Hnite; St5te8 1ith onl6 one :i5=le o9tion i0 it inten;8 to re<5in :i5=le in the 2lo=5l 5ir 9o1er 25<e - =uil; enou2h F-22 I59tor8 to re9l5ce <o8t o0 the HS le25c6 0i2hter 0leet7 5n; ter<in5te the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter 58 8oon 58 9o88i=le7 58 the F-?5 1ill no lon2er =e 5 u85=le co<=5t 5ircr50t 0or role8 other th5n Counter In8ur2enc6 FCOIDG7 thou2h <ore co8t e00ecti:e 5n; <ore 599ro9ri5te 8olution8 5lre5;6 ePi8t 0or thi8 role> In strate"ic and techno-strate"ic ter s, the PAK-FA is the ost pro inent 2"a e chan"er3 in the fi"hter do ain since the %-45/Su-67S Flan(er 8 entered operational ser#ice durin" the id 49:5s$ If the !nited States does not funda entally chan"e its plannin" for the future of tactical air power, the ad#anta"e held for decades will be soon lost$

PAK-FA 6esign Philoso8h4

7he first high 8uality in flight image of the prototype to 'e released 'y Sukhoi2KnAAP&! 1loser inspe#tion of the details in this image, parti#ularly the a'sen#e of surfa#e mounted 0%S7- on the fully arti#ulated fin #ontrol surfa#es suggests this image is from a different flight and might e6en 'e an in-flight image of another prototype airframe (Sukhoi ! The PAK-FA 158 Muickl6 ;u==e; =6 Ne8tern o=8er:er8 58 the UI59tor-8kiW or UF-22-8kiW> Thi8 l5=el i8 re58on5=le in ter<8 o0 the niche the 5ircr50t i8 inten;e; to occu967 58 it i8 inten;e; to ;irectl6 ch5llen2e the F-22A I59tor7 =ut thi8 l5=el i8 Muite in5ccur5te in ter<8 o0 the con0i2ur5tion o0 the 5ircr50t 5n; it8 ;et5ile; ;e8i2n> In the =ro5;e8t o0 ter<87 the PAK-FA i8 5 0u8ion o0 i;e58 5n; ;e8i2n 0e5ture8 8een in l5te <o;el Fl5nker :5ri5nt8 5n; ;e<on8tr5tor87 =ut incor9or5tin2 89eci0ic 8te5lth 8h59in2 0e5ture8 e<9lo6e; 9re:iou8l6 in the Dorthro9/SAC JF-2? ATF ;e<on8tr5tor7 5n; the 9ro;uction ES F-22 I59tor> The PAK-FA i8 cle5rl6 5 uniMue Iu88i5n ;e8i2n 5n; i8 neither 5 co96 o0 the F-22 or the JF-2?> Do le88 i<9ort5ntl67 the PAK-FA i8 =6 Ne8tern 8t5n;5r;8 5 lo1 ri8k ;e8i2n7 0ollo1in2 the Iu88i5n 9hilo8o9h6 o0 Ue:olution5r6W ;e8i2n7 r5ther th5n the UOi2 O5n2W 599ro5ch currentl6 05:oure; in the Ne8t7 o0 tr6in2 to 8t5rt 0ro< 8cr5tch 1ith <o8t or e:er6 ke6 9ortion o0 the ;e8i2n> It i8 i<9ort5nt to note th5t the Iu88i5n 599ro5ch to ;e:elo9<ent <ore th5n o0ten ;i00er8 0ro< the Ne8tern 599ro5ch7 95rticul5rl6 th5t o0 the Hnite; St5te8 in;u8tr67 1ith 5 <uch 8tron2er Iu88i5n 0ocu8 on ri8k <5n52e<ent 5n; ri8k <ini<i85tion> A 9o1er0ul 599ro5ch e:i;ent in the ;e:elo9<ent o0 the Fl5nker 05<il6 o0 5ircr50t h58 =een7 0ir8tl67 to 9l5n lon2 ter<7 then to 89re5; ;e:elo9<ent5l ri8k8 5cro88 the 8erie8 o0 9l5nne; ne1 5ircr50t t69e8 5n; :5ri5nt8 58 1ell

58

95r5llel

;e8i2n/;e:elo9<ent

5cti:itie8>

The =ene0it8

o0 8uch 5n 599ro5ch

5re

cle5rl6

o=:iou8>

The =e8t illu8tr5tion o0 ho1 <uch <ore e00ecti:e Iu88i5n 868te<8 ;e:elo9<ent 9hilo8o9h6 i87 i8 th5t the ;e:elo9<ent o0 the PAK-FA7 1ith 5 9ro]ecte; =u;2et in the or;er o0 HSa10 Oillion7 158 l5unche; o00ici5ll6 in 20027 concurrentl6 1ith the l5unch o0 the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter 9ro2r5<7 6et the l5tter h58 eP9erience; re9e5te; ;el568 in 8che;ule7 re9e5te; 9ro=le<8 1ith =58ic technolo267 5n; re<5in8 he5:il6 l5;en 1ith 5ccu<ul5te; ;e8i2n ri8k8 58 1ell 58 inor;in5tel6 hi2h 5n; 2ro1in2 co8t8> I0 the o=]ecti:e i8 to 9ro;uce 5 ;e8i2n on-ti<e 5n; on-co8t 1ithout un9le585nt 8ur9ri8e87 there i8 <uch to =e 85i; 0or the Iu88i5n 599ro5ch to 868te<8 ;e:elo9<ent> Iu88i5n 8ource8 in;ic5te th5t the 9rotot69e8 1ill =e 0itte; 1ith 5 ;eri:5ti:e o0 the ePi8tin2 Su-?5S 5:ionic 8uite to re;uce ri8k 5n; co8t> It i8 likel6 th5t thi8 8tr5te26 o0 ri8k re;uction =6 the u8e o0 ePi8tin2 9ro;uction h5r;15re 1ill 599l6 to other ke6 intern5l co<9onent8> The u8e o0 the 117S 8erie8 en2ine co<<on to the Su-?5S in PAK-FA 9rotot69e8 i8 5 9ri<e eP5<9le> Another eP5<9le i8 the =58ic l56out or con0i2ur5tion o0 the PAK-FA 5ir0r5<e ;e8i2n7 1hich i8 ;e<on8tr5=l6 =58e; on the T-10 Fl5nker 8erie87 1ith 5 l5r2e centre 0u8el52e c5r595ce7 5 95ir o0 lon2 8er9entine en2ine inlet ;uct87 1ith inlet8 =ene5th 5 l5r2e EVY7 the en2ine8 <ounte; in =l58t re8i8t5nt tu=e87 1hich 5l8o 9ro:i;e the <e5n8 0or re5ctin2 e<9enn52e control 8ur05ce 5n; TBC lo5;87 5n; 5 =len;e; 0or15r; 0u8el52e r5i8e; 5=o:e the en2ine centreline87 not unlike the Fl5nker 5n; F-1@ 8erie8> The 0or15r; 5n; centre 0u8el52e ;e8i2n i8 there0ore clo8er to the Fl5nker 5n; JF-2? th5n the F-22A> The 1in2 9l5n0or< i8 clo8e8t to F-227 re0lectin2 ;e8i2n 5i<8 in BEO 8h59in2 5n; 8u9er8onic crui8e 9er0or<5nce> Nhere the PAK-FA ;e95rt8 <o8t 8tron2l6 0ro< the e5rlier Fl5nker7 the F-22 5n; the JF-2? i8 in the 50t 0u8el52e ;e8i2n7 5n; the <o:in2 EVY or Po6orotnaya 1hastG %aply6a FPChDG ;e8i2n7 inten;e; to 9ro:i;e ePtre<e <5noeu:r5=ilit6 5n; controll5=ilit6 5n;7 thu87 ePtre<e 52ilit6 - 5n 5ttri=ute 5=8ent in the F-22 5n; JF-2?7 =ut ePt5nt in 8o<e l5ter Fl5nker :5ri5nt87 ;e<on8tr5tor8 5n; 9rotot69e 9ro2r5<8> To 9ro:i;e ePtre<e 52ilit67 SukhoiL8 ;e8i2n te5< e<9lo6e; 5ll-<o:in2 8t5=il5tor8 5n; c5nte; t5il 0in87 5 no;;in2 <o:5=le EVY ;e8i2n7 5n; ?A 5Pi-86<<etric en2ine noKKle8> The 1i;e 895cin2 o0 the 0ull6 5rticul5te; 0in8 5n; en2ine noKKle8 9ro:i;e8 5 <uch l5r2er <o<ent 5r< 0or =oth 5ero;6n5<ic 5n; TBC roll 5n; 651 in9ut87 th5n o=8er:e; 1ith 9re:iou8 ;e8i2n8> Nhile the t5il 8ur05ce8 ;o not i<95ir o=8er:5=le87 the u8e o0 5Pi-86<<etric ?A noKKle8 ;oe87 no ;i00erentl6 th5n the 0iPe; 5Pi86<<etric noKKle o0 the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter> The l5tter r5i8e8 8o<e :er6 intere8tin2 Mue8tion8 5=out ke6 ;e8i2n tr5;e-o0087 58 6et not eP9l5ine; =6 Sukhoi> The ePi8tin2 ;e8i2n con0i2ur5tion 8u22e8t8 th5t ePtre<e <5noeu:r5=ilit6 158 r5te; to =e <ore i<9ort5nt th5n 5ll-589ect 8te5lth 1587 8u22e8tin2 in turn th5t the 5ircr50t 158 not inten;e; 0or u8e 58 5 ;ee9 9enetr5tor in the <5nner o0 the F-22 5n; JF-2?> Ti:en the lo1 9riorit6 2i:en in Ne8tern n5tion8 to the <5inten5nce o0 ;ee9 o:erl599in2 SAS =elt 5ir ;e0ence87 the 8u8ce9ti=ilit6 to 50t Mu5rter SAS 8hot8 inherent in li<ite; 5ll 589ect 8te5lth 9er0or<5nce <56 not h5:e =een 588e88e; 58 5 ri8k 1orth 8eriou8 in:e8t<ent in ;e0e5tin2> Con:er8el67 the current ;e8i2n <56 =e 5n eP9e;ient ;e:elo9<ent 8hortcut7 1ith 5 <ore re0ine; 50t Mu5rter BEO ;e8i2n to 599e5r 1ith the 0in5l 9ro;uction en2ine> The Mu5lit6 o0 the 0ront Mu5rter BEO ;e8i2n ;e<on8tr5te8 th5t Sukhoi 5re c595=le o0 9ro;ucin2 5n 50t Mu5rter BEO 8h59in2 ;e8i2n no 1or8e th5n the F-22A or JF-2? ;e8i2n8>

Nith the current PAK-FA con0i2ur5tion7 1hich <56 1ell ;i00er 0ro< 5 9ro;uction con0i2ur5tion7 8te5lth 599e5r8 to =e u8e; 9ri<5ril6 to ;en6 5n 5eri5l o99onent 5n e5rl6 OBI 0irin2 o99ortunit67 9er<ittin2 the PAK-FA to clo8e to 5 ;i8t5nce 1here it8 8u9erior ener26 9er0or<5nce7 ePtre<e 52ilit6 5n; l5r2e intern5l <i88ile 956lo5; 9er<it it to ;o<in5te the clo8e co<=5t en252e<ent> The co<=in5tion o0 5ero;6n5<ic ;e8i2n 0e5ture8 0or ePtre<e 52ilit67 hi2h thru8t/1ei2ht 9er0or<5nce 8u9er8onic crui8e en2ine8 to 9ro:i;e 8u9er8onic 9er8i8tence7 5n; the l5r2e co<=5t 9er8i8tence 9ro:i;e; =6 5 l5r2e intern5l 0uel lo5; 5n; l5r2e 1e59on8 lo5;87 <5ke the PAK-FA the =e8t 0it to the Oo6; Uener26 <5noeu:r5=ilit6W <o;el 6et to =e ;e:elo9e;> The ePtre<e 52ilit6 o0 the PAK-FA ;e8i2n7 1hen e<9lo6e; h5r<oniou8l6 1ith the other 5 th 2ener5tion ;e8i2n 0e5ture87 o9en8 u9 5 r5n2e o0 ne1 t5ctic5l o9tion87 not 0e58i=le 1ith e8t5=li8he; or currentl6 9l5nne; Ne8tern 0i2hter ;e8i2n8> Con8i;er 5 con:ention5l OBI t5il ch58e en252e<ent 2eo<etr6 525in8t 5n o9er5tion5l PAK-FA ;eri:5ti:e 5ir ;o<in5nce 0i2hter> A con:ention5l 0i2hter 1ith le25c6 teen 8erie8 cl588 5ero;6n5<ic ;e8i2n 5n; 9er0or<5nce7 5n eP5<9le =ein2 the F-?5A 4oint Strike Fi2hter7 i8 9o8itione; =ehin; the PAK-FA7 5t 5 r5n2e o0 b50 n<7 1ith it8 Y-=5n; <ulti<o;e r5;5r locke; 5n; tr5ckin27 588u<in2 th5t the PAK-FA 5ircr50t ret5in8 the hi2h 8i2n5ture 50t 0u8el52e 5n; noKKle ;e8i2n> The u8e o0 ePtre<e 52ilit6 ;e8i2n 0e5ture8 1oul; 9er<it the PAK-FA ;eri:5ti:e to 9er0or< re:er85l <5noeu:re8 058ter th5n con:ention5l 0i2hter ;e8i2n87 c5u8in2 the 9ur8uin2 0i2hter to lo8e r5;5r lock 58 the PAK-FA 9re8ent8 it8 BEO cl588 no8e 589ect to the 9ur8uin2 0i2hter> Nithin 8econ;8 the PAK-FA c5n e8t5=li8h 5 1e59on8 lock7 58 the 1e59on 868te< 1ill h5:e e8t5=li8he; the 9o8ition 5n; i;entit6 o0 the 9ur8uin2 0i2hter ;urin2 the i<<e;i5tel6 9rece;in2 t5ilch58e> The 9ilot o0 the initi5ll6 9ur8uin2 0i2hter 1ill then =e 9re8ente; 1ith 5 85l:o o0 <iPe; 8eeker eMui99e; OBI <i88ile8 clo8in2 5t hi2h 89ee; on 5 reci9roc5l he5;in2> The 0ull t5ctic5l 9otenti5l o0 ePtre<e 52ilit67 e89eci5ll6 in OBI en252e<ent87 re<5in8 to =e eP9lore; 5t thi8 ti<e7 58 <o8t 8tu;ie8 to ;5te h5:e =een 8tron2l6 0ocu88e; on the clo8e co<=5t 5;:5nt52e8 5ri8in2 0ro< thi8 0li2ht re2i<e> Sulti9le Iu88i5n 8ource8 8t5te th5t the PAK-FA 1ill c5rr6 ei2ht Air-to-Air Si88ile8 in intern5l =5687 1ith the o9tion o0 5nother ei2ht ePtern5ll6 c5rrie; 1e59on8 in U9er<i88i:eW thre5t en:iron<ent8> Thi8 e<ul5te8 the 8tr5te26 9ur8ue; =6 A<eric5n ;e8i2ner8 in the F-227 5n; cl5i<e; =ut not 9ro9erl6 i<9le<ente; 1ith the F-?5 ;e8i2n8> The PAK-FA h58 5n unu8u5ll6 ro=u8t un;erc5rri52e ;e8i2n7 <ore t69ic5l 0or c5rrier =58e; n5:5l 0i2hter8 th5n l5n; =58e; 0i2hter8> Thi8 i8 con8i8tent 1ith the inten;e; STOE c595=ilit6 to o9er5te 0ro< 8hort 0iel; FOO87 or SOO8 1ith ;5<52e; run15687 =ut 5l8o 0ul0il8 the intent to ;e9lo6 5 n5:5li8e; c5rrier :5ri5nt in the 0uture> The l5tter 158 the 8u=]ect o0 8o<e ;i8cu88ion ;urin2 the 9u=lic ;e=5te in Iu88i57 5t the ti<e the PAK-FA 9ro2r5< 158 l5unche;7 =ut not 5 0e5ture o0 the <ore recent ;e=5te> The con0i2ur5tion o0 the ePi8tin2 ;e8i2n 1oul; reMuire th5t the t5ilhook =e c5rrie; in the 50t centreline 1e59on8 =56> O58e; on 5n5l68i8 o0 the 0e5ture8 5n; hi8tor6 o0 the PAK-FA ;e8i2n o=8er:e; to ;5te7 5n 59t 8u<<5r6 o0 thi8 5ircr50t 1oul; =e 5 [i2h S9ee;/[i2h A2ilit6 Interce9tor/Air Ao<in5nce Fi2hter/Per8i8tent Strike/ISI Pl5t0or<7 =uilt 0or o9er5tion 0ro< 8hort un9re95re; FOO87 5n; re5;il6 5;59te; 0or 5ircr50t c5rrier o9er5tion8> Nh5t i8 5=un;5ntl6 cle5r 0ro< the =58ic ;e8i2n o0 the PAK-FA7 i8 th5t thi8 5ircr50t i8 the onl6 ;e8i2n 2lo=5ll67 1hich 1ill =e cre;i=l6 c595=le o0 co<9etin2 1ith the F-22 I59tor in 5ir co<=5t> It i8 5l8o 5 <uch =etter 0it to the 8t5te;7 =ut :er6 9oorl6 i<9le<ente; in the F-?57 intent 0or 5 <ulti-8er:ice <ultirole 0i2hter>

PreliEin3r4 PAK-FA PerGorE3nce S8eciGic3tions :TOJ :3K S8eeC Su8ercruise ;nDelo8e :3KiEuE Initi3l 7liE5 I3te 7liE5 7eiling
Sources_ Sukhoi :i5 Iu88i5n <e;i57 9reli<in5r6 APA 5n5l68i8 1 - 8u9er8onic 0li2ht ;ur5tion not 89eci0ie; 2 - ceilin2 con8tr5int8 not 89eci0ie;

R17^00 l= 17@00 KTAS FS5ch 2>@@ b?^k0t7 ISAG1 700 KTAS to 320 KTAS F1>22S to 1>^S c?^k0t7 ISAG7 thou2h 5n5l68i8 8u22e8t8 5 likel6 hi2her to9 en; 9oint o0 b1>3S> ^37000 09< ^57000 0t2

A'o6e PAK-FA prototype, 'elo( produ#tion F-22A /aptor! and 3em2.al HF-24A! 7hese images eEpose 'oth similarities and fundamental differen#es in the three designs (Sukhoi, *S Air For#e !

PAK-FA Ho2 O5serD35le 6esign

3etail of inlet and lo(er fuselage area (Sukhoi ! The lo1 o=8er:5=le ;e8i2n 8h59in2 e<9lo6e; in the PAK-FA 9rotot69e 8ho18 5n ePcellent 2r589 o0 the ;e8i2n rule8 e<9lo6e; =6 A<eric5n ;e8i2ner8 in the ;e:elo9<ent o0 the F-22A 5n; JF-2? A;:5nce; T5ctic5l Fi2hter> Thi8 re0lect8 5n o=8er:5tion <5;e to one the 5uthor8 =6 5 8enior A<eric5n ;e8i2n en2ineer 8o<e 6e5r8 52o U1e 5l1568 en; u9 ;oin2 the re5ll6 h5r; 1ork le5rnin2 ho1 to =uil; the8e thin287 <5kin2 it e586 0or the Iu88i5n8 to 0ollo1 1ith their ;e8i2n8W> The likel6 eP9loit5tion o0 F-22A 5n; JF-2? A;:5nce; T5ctic5l Fi2hter lo1 o=8er:5=le 8h59in2 ;e8i2n rule8 158 9re;icte; throu2h 5n5l68i8 58 <o8t likel6 ;urin2 the 958t ;ec5;e7 5n; 8u=8eMuentl6 9u=li8he; in S5rch 2003> SukhoiL8 9rotot69e 8h59in2 :5li;5te; th5t 5n5l6tic5l 9re;iction 5> A8 o=8er:e; 9re:iou8l67 the Iu88i5n 599ro5ch to ;e:elo9<ent 0ollo18 5n Ue:olution5r6W ;e8i2n 9hilo8o9h67 in 1hich ri8k8 5re retire; e5rl6 in the ;e:elo9<ent 9h58e o0 5 ne1 5ircr50t t69e or :5ri5nt> Nhere 9o88i=le7 the retire<ent o0 ri8k8 i8 5chie:e; in e5rlier 9ro2r5<87 58 ;e<on8tr5te; re9e5te;l6 in the ;e:elo9<ent o0 the T-10 Fl5nker 8erie8 o0 5ircr50t> The PAK-FA 9rotot69e8 ;i89l56e; in 45nu5r67 20107 5re cle5rl6 inten;e; to :5li;5te the co<95ti=ilit6 o0 the o:er5ll o=8er:5=le8 8h59in2 1ith the 5ero;6n5<ic 5n; 8tructur5l ;e8i2n nee;8 5n; cle5rl6 8o7 58 the eP9en8i:e ;et5il ICS 0l5re 89ot tre5t<ent8 1e 5re 5ccu8to<e; to 8eein2 on HS 9rotot69e8 5re 5=8ent> The r5tion5le 0or thi8 i8 8i<9le - 1h6 eP9en; :5lu5=le =ut 8c5rce ;e:elo9<ent re8ource8 i0 5ero;6n5<ic / 8tructur5l lo5; te8tin2 8ho18 th5t <5]or ch5n2e8 5re reMuire; to 8h59in2 o0 i<9ort5nt ;e8i2n ele<ent8d For Ne8tern contr5ctor87 1here the i<9er5ti:e i8 to ePtr5ct the

<5Pi<u< o0 ;e:elo9<ent 0un;in2 0ro< the cu8to<er7 5n; <5ke e5rl6 c5ncell5tion o0 5 9ro2r5< ;i00icult7 the hi2he8t ri8k 599ro5ch 1ill ne5rl6 5l1568 =e 8ou2ht =6 8enior <5n52e<ent> An ePcellent c58e 8tu;6 o0 the l5tter i8 the ePtre<el6 hi2h le:el o0 Uconcurrenc6 ri8kW7 re9orte; =6 the Tener5l Accountin2 O00ice7 in the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter 9ro2r5<> The ri8k <ini<i85tion oriente; ;e:elo9<ent 8tr5te26 eP9l5in8 the 5=8ence o0 8err5tion8 on the :entr5l inlet =lo1-in ;oor87 5n; the 5=8ence o0 5 8err5te; noKKle on the interi< en2ine ;e8i2n> Ae8i2n 0e5ture8 1hich 5re inten;e; to =e 9er<5nent7 8uch 58 the :entr5l 1e59on =56 ;oor87 5eri5l re0uellin2 9ro=e ;oor87 5n; l5r2e 5cce88 95nel87 5ll e<9lo6 e;2e 5li2n<ent or 8err5tion8 no ;i00erentl6 th5n the O-2A7 F-22A 5n; JF-2? ;e<on8tr5tor> 0t is important to note that .A& shaping design is the single most #riti#al aspe#t of .A& design (ith #ontemporary 'asi# te#hnology! 7his is 'e#ause on#e the shaping is fiEed in the design, the #ost of implementing #hanges is prohi'iti6e do(nstream, impa#ting stru#tural design, aerodynami# 'eha6iour and internal pa#kaging of systems! 0f .A& shaping is done poorly, early in the de6elopment #y#le, (ith the F-4> lo(er and aft fuselages 'eing the representati6e #ase study, no reasona'le do(nstream in6estment in additional a'sor'ent materials and stru#tures #an o6er#ome the resulting signature pro'lems, and may introdu#e additional pro'lems (ith (eight, #ost and strength2stiffness of skin panels! O6 5i<in2 0or the =e8t 9o88i=le BEO 8h59in2 in the PAK-FA ;e8i2n 0ro< the :er6 out8et7 SukhoiL8 ;e8i2ner8 h5:e ;e<on8tr5te; th5t the6 un;er8t5n; thi8 589ect o0 BEO ;e8i2n :er6 1ell> Thi8 8tr5te26 5l8o o9en8 u9 the 9ro89ect o0 9ro2re88i:e i<9ro:e<ent8 in BEO 9er0or<5nce 58 the ;e8i2n <5ture87 5n; =etter BEO <5teri5l8 technolo26 =eco<e8 5:5il5=le> The 9rotot69e8 8ho1 the ePten8i:e u8e o0 1h5t 599e5r8 to =e con:ention5l ri:etin27 5n; con:ention5l con8truction> I0 2enuine BEO c595=ilit6 i8 inten;e;7 ePten8i:e ro=otic 8ur05ce co5tin2 tre5t<ent or 599liMue l5<in5te technolo26 1ill =e reMuire;7 1ith =oth techniMue8 reMuirin2 5 hi2hl6 con;ucti:e 8u=8tr5te l56er to 8u99re88 the 8ur05ce i<9e;5nce ;i8continuitie8 re8ultin2 0ro< the con8truction techniMue u8e;> A8 o=8er:e; in other 5re58 o0 the Iu88i5n in;u8tri5l =58e7 co5tin2 5n; 8ur05ce tre5t<ent technolo2ie8 5re 1ell un;er8too;7 5n; 1orl; cl588 c595=ilitie8 5re 5:5il5=le> The 0or15r; 0u8el52e i8 clo8e8t in 2ener5l con0i2ur5tion to the JF-2?7 e89eci5ll6 in the chinin27 cock9it 9l5ce<ent7 5n; hu<9 50t o0 the cock9it c5no967 5lthou2h the =len;in2 o0 the u99er 0or15r; 0u8el52e into the u99er c5r595ce i8 <ore 2r5;u5l> There 5re i<9ort5nt ;i00erence8 0ro< the JF-2?> The chine cur:5ture ;e8i2n rule i8 9urel6 con:eP7 like the chine ;e8i2n on the F-22A> The no8e hei2ht i8 2re5ter7 to 5cco<<o;5te 5n AVSA 1ith 5 <uch l5r2er 59erture th5n th5t inten;e; 0or the JF-2? or F-22A> I0 0l5re 89ot8 5re 9ro9erl6 controlle; =6 the 599lic5tion o0 <5teri5l8 5n; 8err5te; e;2e tre5t<ent8 5roun; the c5no967 5n; 5 2oo; =5n;9588 r5;o<e ;e8i2n u8in2 5 0reMuenc6 8electi:e <ultil56er l5<in5te i8 e<9lo6e;7 the 8h59in2 rel5te; ICS contri=ution o0 the 0or15r; 0u8el52e in the S/Y/Ku-=5n;8 1ill =e 8i<il5r to th5t o=8er:e; 1ith the F-22A7 JF-2? or F-?5> The Vlectro-O9tic5l S68te< FOESG turret e<9lo6e; on the 9rotot69e i8 likel6 the Su-?5S OES7 5n; i8 inco<95ti=le 1ith 5 BEO ;e8i2n7 58 it i8 5 =ro5;=5n; 89heric5l re0lector> Ne c5n eP9ect to 8ee 5 05cete; BEO 05irin2 8i<il5r to th5t ;e8i2ne; 0or the c5ncelle; F-22A AIIST FA;:5nce; IIST fI<52egG in 5 9ro;uction PAK-FA con0i2ur5tion> The con:ention5l 9itot-8t5tic 9ro=e8 currentl6 <ounte; 5roun; 5n; 0or15r; o0 the cock9it 5re like the OES turret7 inco<95ti=le 1ith 5 BEO ;e8i2n7 5n; 1e c5n 5l8o eP9ect to 8ee the8e re9l5ce; 1ith BEO ;e8i2n 9ort8 in 5 9ro;uction PAK-FA con0i2ur5tion>

The e;2e 5li2ne; <o:5=le EVY 5re re5;il6 tre5te; 1ith le5;in2 e;2e 5=8or=er8 5n; 1ill not 9re8ent 5 <5]or ICS 0l5re 89ot> The tre5t<ent o0 the <o:5=le ]oin 1ill 9re8ent the 9rinci95l ch5llen2e in thi8 9ortion o0 the ;e8i2n> The o=tu8e 5n2le in the ]oin =et1een the EVY 5n; 0or15r; 0u8el52e i8 ch5r5cteri8tic o0 2oo; ;e8i2n 5n; i8 :er6 8i<il5r to the 5n2le8 u8e; in the F-22>

7he lo(er fuselage of the prototype displays interesting in#ongruities! 7here is an a'rupt transition 'et(een the #arefully s#ulpted fa#eting of the inlet na#elles, and the smoothly #ur6ed aft engine na#elles and #on6entional aft fuselage! 7he fa#eting strategy is similar to the F-22 design rules, (ith singly or dou'ly #ur6ed transitions 'et(een planes (1! Kopp2Sukhoi image ! The e;2e 5li2ne; tr59eKoi;5l <5in en2ine inlet8 5re 8i<il5r in con0i2ur5tion to the F-227 =ut 1ith i<9ort5nt ;i00erence8> The inlet 589ect r5tio i8 ;i00erent7 5n; the corner8 5re trunc5te; in 5 <5nner 8i<il5r to the JF-2?> I0 9ro9erl6 tre5te; 1ith le5;in2 e;2e in8ert8 5n; inlet tunnel 5=8or=ent <5teri5l87 the inlet ;e8i2n 8houl; 6iel; 8i<il5r ICS to it8 HS counter95rt8> The 9l5ce<ent o0 the en2ine centreline8 1ell 5=o:e the inlet centroi;87 in the <5nner o0 the JF-2?7 re8ult8 in 5n inlet tunnel S-=en; in the :ertic5l 9l5ne> Sukhoi h5:e not ;i8clo8e; 1hether 5n inlet =locker 1ill =e e<9lo6e;> Pu=lic ;i8clo8ure8 on Su-?5S inlet tre5t<ent8 cl5i<e; 5 b15 ;O re;uction in Y-=5n; ICS co<95re; to the untre5te; inlet tunnel8 on the Su-27SK> The u8e o0 5n S-=en; in the PAK-FA 1oul; 9er<it 5n incre58e in the nu<=er o0 8ur05ce =ounce8 0urther incre58in2 5ttenu5tion 5n; re;ucin2 ICS> In the S/Y/Ku-=5n;8 the =58ic 8h59in2 o0 the 0or15r; 0u8el52e 1ill 9er<it the 5tt5in<ent o0 2enuine BEO 9er0or<5nce

1ith the 599lic5tion o0 <5ture IAS 5n; IAS7 1here the centre 5n; 50t 0u8el52e ;o not intro;uce l5r2er ICS contri=ution8 0ro< the 0or15r; 589ect>

A'o6eF PAK-FA upper for(ard fuselage sho(ing shaping detailsI 'elo(F HF-24A (Sukhoi, *S Air For#e !

.entral 6ie( of prototype (ith under#arriage lo(ered (AleEander ,arano62Kommersant !

The 1in2 ;e8i2n 0ro< 5 9l5n0or< 9er89ecti:e i8 clo8e8t to the F-22A7 5n; the u99er 0u8el52e 8i<il5r to the JF-2?7 9er<ittin2 the 5chie:e<ent o0 8i<il5r ICS 9er0or<5nce to the8e HS t69e87 0ro< re89ecti:e 589ect8> Nhere the PAK-FA 05ll8 1ell 8hort o0 the F-22A 5n; JF-2? i8 the 8h59in2 ;e8i2n o0 the lo1er 0u8el52e 5n; 8i;e 0u8el52e7 1here the 2ener5l con0i2ur5tion7 1in2/0u8el52e ]oin 5n2le87 5n; inlet/en2ine n5celle ]oin 5n2le8 intro;uce 8i<il5r intr5ct5=le 89ecul5r return 9ro=le<8 58 o=8er:e; 1ith the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter ;e8i2n> The8e 5re inherent in the current 8h59in2 ;e8i2n 5n; c5nnot =e 8i2ni0ic5ntl6 i<9ro:e; =6 <5teri5l8 599lic5tion> Eike the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter7 the PAK-FA 9rotot69e ;e8i2n 1ill 9ro;uce 5 l5r2e 89ecul5r return in 5n6 <5noeu:re 1here the lo1er 0u8el52e i8 eP9o8e; to 5 thre5t e<itter7 5n; thi8 9ro=le< 1ill =e 9ro<inent 0ro< the Ku-=5n; ;o1n to the E-=5n;> Thi8 9ro=le< i8 eP5cer=5te; =6 the in=o5r; :entr5l 1in2 root 05irin287 cl5i<e; =6 8o<e Iu88i5n 8ource8 to =e 9o;8 0or the conce5le; c5rri52e o0 0ol;in2 0in clo8e co<=5t AAS87 8uch 58 the IBB-SA/I-7@ 8erie8> Nhile the8e 05irin28 ;o not intro;uce l5r2e ICS contri=ution8 0ro< 0ore or 50t 589ect87 the6 1ill 5;:er8el6 contri=ute to =e5< 589ect ICS7 e89eci5ll6 0or thre5t8 1ell =elo1 the 9l5ne o0 0li2ht o0 the 5ircr50t> The 8h59in2 re<e;6 0or the =e5< 589ect 8i2n5ture 9ro=le< lie8 in <ore o=tu8e ]oin 5n2le87 1hich 1oul; reMuire con8i;er5=le e00ort in re8cul9tin2 the 0u8el52e/1in2 ]oin 0ro< the <5in un;erc5rri52e =568 to the t5il7 5n; n5rro1in2 the u85=le 1i;th o0 the lo1er 0u8el52e tunnel =et1een the n5celle8> The l5tter i8 9ro=le<5tic> An 5ltern5ti:e <56 =e the u8e o0 thick IAS tre5t<ent87 in e00ect re9l5cin2 the 8kin8 o0 the 8i;e8 o0 the inner 0or15r; lo1er 0u8el52e tunnel 1ith IAS 95nel87 1ith 8o<e 1ei2ht 9en5lt6 58 5 re8ult7 1hich 1oul; not =e 8i2ni0ic5nt rel5ti:e to o:er5ll 5ircr50t 1ei2ht7 2i:en the 8<5ll 5re5 to =e tre5te;> The t5il=oo< 8h59in2 i8 re<ini8cent o0 the F-22 5n; F-?5 ;e8i2n87 5n; 1ill not 6iel; 8i2ni0ic5nt ICS contri=ution8 0ro< the 0ront or 50t 589ect8> In the lo1er he<i89here7 it 1ill 8u00er 9en5ltie8 ;ue to the in8u00icientl6 o=tu8e ]oin 5n2le8 =et1een the 1in28 5n; 8t5=il5tor87 5n; outer en2ine n5celle8> The u99er 0u8el52e 05irin28 1hich hou8e the 5ll <o:in2 :ertic5l t5il 5ctu5tor8 5re 1ell 8h59e;7 5n; the ]oin 5n2le8 5re 1ell cho8en> The out15r; c5nt o0 the e<9enn52e 0in8 i8 8i<il5r to Hnite; St5te8 ;e8i2n87 5n; like the JF-2? t5il 8ur05ce87 the8e 5re 0ull6 5rticul5te; 1ith the BEO =ene0it o0 re<o:in2 8ur05ce i<9e;5nce ;i8continuitie8 5t the ]oin o0 5 con:ention5l ru;;er control 8ur05ce> The 5Pi-86<<etric ?A TBC noKKle8 9re8ent the 85<e ICS 9ro=le<8 o=8er:e; 1ith the 0iPe; 5Pi-86<<etric noKKle8 u8e; in the F-?5 4SF f5n5l68i8/i<52er6g7 5n; the 599lic5tion o0 8err5te; 8hrou; tre5t<ent8 5n; t5il9i9e =locker8 58 u8e; 1ith the F-?5 4SF 1ill not o:erco<e the inherent li<it5tion8 o0 thi8 c5nonic5l 8h59in2 ;e8i2n> O=8er:e; 0ro< the 50t he<i89here in the E-=5n; throu2h Ku-=5n;87 the PAK-FA 9rotot69e con0i2ur5tion 1ill 9ro;uce to 5n or;er o0 <52nitu;e 5n eMu5ll6 9oor ICS 58 the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter 10> The centre 0u8el52e =e5:ert5il 0ollo18 5 8i<il5r chine ;e8i2n rule 58 the 0or15r; 0u8el52e ;oe87 5n; 1ill not 9re8ent 5 8i2ni0ic5nt ICS contri=ution 0ro< =ehin;> I0 9ro;uction PAK-FA 5ircr50t e<9lo6 the 85<e lo1er 5n; 50t 0u8el52e ;e8i2n 58 the 9rotot69e ;oe87 the6 1ill =e 8u8ce9ti=le to 50t he<i89here 5n; =e5< 589ect thre5t8 5t ;e9re88e; 5n2le87 o9er5tin2 0ro< the E-=5n; throu2h to the Ku-=5n;7 in 5 <5nner no ;i00erent to the F-?5 4oint Strike Fi2hter> It i8 1orth o=8er:in2 th5t the uncon:ention5l 0li2ht control c595=ilitie8 o0 the PAK-FA ;o o9en u9 8o<e 9o88i=ilitie87 in th5t the6 9er<it <5noeu:re8 8uch 58 0l5t turn87 or e:en turn8 1here the =5nk 5n2le i8 o99o8ite to 5 con:ention5l =5nkin2 turn> Such <5noeu:re8 9er<it the PAK-FA to ePecute7 1ithout ;i00icult6 or hi2h ener26 =lee;7 turn8 5156 0ro< =e5< 589ect thre5t8 1ithout 8i2ni0ic5nt eP9o8ure o0 the 9ro=le<5tic lo1er 0u8el52e7 unlike the con:ention5l F-?5 4SF 1hich

=eco<e8 un5:oi;5=l6 8u8ce9ti=le to ;etection7 tr5ckin2 5n; <i88ile 8hot8 in 8uch 2eo<etrie8> A8 the PAK-FA 1ill 9ro:i;e 5 8i<il5r 8u9er8onic crui8e c595=ilit6 to the F-227 it8 1in;o1 o0 :ulner5=ilit6 i8 :er6 <uch 8horter 1hen 5tte<9tin2 to e:5;e 5 t5il 589ect thre5t7 5n; it h58 5 cre;i=le c595=ilit6 to ;e0e5t <i88ile 8hot8 kine<5tic5ll6> Nhether the current 50t 0u8el52e ;e8i2n o0 the PAK-FA i8 5n 5rte05ct o0 the u8e o0 o00-the-8hel0 Su-?5S en2ine87 or 5 9er<5nent lon2 ter< 0e5ture o0 the ;e8i2n7 i8 uncle5r> The 2ener5l con0i2ur5tion o0 the PAK-FA 50t 0u8el52e i8 58 co<95ti=le 1ith the 8t6le o0 2A BEO 8h59e; TBC noKKle8 u8e; in the F-22A7 5n; inte2r5te; 1ith the F113-PN-100 en2ine87 58 it i8 co<95ti=le in 9rinci9le 1ith the 8u9er= nonthru8t :ector 50t 0u8el52e ;e8i2n u8e; in the JF-2?> The l5tter re<5in8 the =ench<5rk 0or 1i;e=5n; 50t 8ector BEO 0u8el52e ;e8i2n> Pro;ucin2 5 ?A TBC noKKle ;e8i2n 1hich h58 8i<il5r BEO 8h59in2 9er0or<5nce 58 the F-22A 2A TBC noKKle ;e8i2n i8 not 5 tri:i5l t58k - there i8 no o=:iou8 8i<9le 8olution to thi8 9ro=le<> I0 the Iu88i5n8 h5:e 8ol:e; it7 it 1oul; =e 5 <5]or 5;:5nce in BEO noKKle ;e8i2n> Hntil Sukhoi ;i8clo8e their intention8 in thi8 5re57 8uch 58 ;e9lo65=le EO 8hrou;8 0or crui8in2 0li2ht7 or 9ro:i;e i<52er6 o0 the 9ro;uction PAK-FA 50t 0u8el52e ;e8i2n7 thi8 1ill re<5in 5n unre8ol:e; i88ue> Fro< 5n ICS en2ineerin2 9er89ecti:e7 the 8h59in2 ;e8i2n o0 the PAK-FA i8 5n ePcellent 0ir8t 5tte<9t =6 the Iu88i5n8 to 9ro;uce 5 hi2h Mu5lit6 BEO ;e8i2n> The 0or15r; 0u8el52e 5n; en2ine inlet 5re5 8h59in2 ;e8i2n i8 hi2hl6 co<9etiti:e 525in8t <ore recent HS ;e8i2n87 5n; 1ith <5ture hi2h Mu5lit6 IAS 5n; IAS 599lic5tion7 h5:e 2enuine BEO 9otenti5l> The u99er 0u8el52e7 1in2 5n; t5il 8ur05ce 8h59in2 5n; 9l5n0or< 5li2n<ent 5re 5l8o co<9etiti:e 525in8t HS ;e8i2n8> The 9ro=le<5tic lo1er 5n; 50t 0u8el52e ;e8i2n87 i0 ret5ine; in 9ro;uction 5ircr50t7 1ill ;en6 the PAK-FA the kin; o0 ;ee9 9enetr5tion c595=ilit6 8ou2ht in the ;e8i2n o0 the F-22A 5n; JF-2?> The onl6 cite; ICS 9er0or<5nce ;5t5 158 5 recent cl5i< =6 Sukhoi th5t the PAK-AF 1ill h5:e 1/@0 o0 the ICS o0 the Su-?5S> Hn0ortun5tel6 thi8 158 not Mu5li0ie; =6 thre5t o9er5tin2 =5n;7 589ect7 or 1hether the Su-?5S 158 cle5n or l5;en 1ith ePtern5l 8tore8> The ICS o0 the Su-?5S7 he5;-on in the Y-=5n;7 h58 not =een ;i8clo8e;7 =ut 2i:en the ePten8i:e IAS tre5t<ent8 599lie; coul; =e 58 lo1 58 0>5 - 2 < 2 0or 5 cle5n 5ircr50t 1ith no 8tore8> I0 the l5tter 1ere true7 then the PAK-FA Y-=5n; he5;-on ICS 1oul; =e o0 the or;er o0 -1? to -13 ;OSS> Such 9er0or<5nce 1oul; =e con8i8tent 1ith the 8h59in2 ;e8i2n7 =ut not 1ith the 599lic5tion o0 <5ture IAS 5n; IAS to 85<e> An5l68i8 o0 t5ctic5l o9tion87 58 9u=li8he; in S5rch 20037 588u<e; 5 PAK-FA 0or15r; 8ector Y-=5n; ICS o0 5=out -20 ;OSS7 1hich 0it8 the outer en:elo9e o0 the Sukhoi ;i8clo8ure 5l<o8t eP5ctl6 57^> The Iu88i5n8 h5:e cl5i<e; th5t the ;e8i2n h58 en2ine in0r5re; 8i2n5ture re;uction <e58ure87 =ut the8e h5:e not =een ;et5ile;> The con:ention5l 5Pi-86<<etric noKKle ;e8i2n i8 2ener5ll6 ine00ecti:e7 0ro< 5n in0r5re; 8i2n5ture 9er89ecti:e7 58 the noKKle 8hrou;8 5re eP9o8e; r5;i5tor87 5n; the c6lin;ric5l ePh5u8t 59erture r5;i5te8 into 5 conic5l :olu<e =ehin; the 5ircr50t> The u8e o0 ?A TBC noKKle8 1ith hi2h 5n2le r5te87 1hich 5re 0ull6 inte2r5te; in the AFCS7 1oul; 9re8ent o99ortunitie8 to <ini<i8e ICS contri=ution8 re8ultin2 0ro< 5ero;6n5<ic control 8ur05ce <o:e<ent87 =6 e<9lo6in2 1here 9o88i=le TBC control8 0or 9ri<5r6 9itch7 roll 5n; 651 control 1hen 9er0or<in2 8te5lth6 9enetr5tion> Ti:en th5t thi8 0li2ht re2i<e ent5il8 0li2ht in crui8e con0i2ur5tion7 5n; 2entle turnin2 <5noeu:re8 to <ini<i8e =5nk 5n2le87 o=8er:5=l6 l5r2e

;e0lection control in9ut8 1oul; =e unu8u5l 5n; thu8 :er6 in0reMuent> A8 5 re8ult the 9itch7 roll 5n; 651 r5te8 9ro;uce; =6 the TBC 868te< 5lone 1oul; =e 8u00icient 0or <o8t control in9ut8 in the 8te5lth6 9enetr5tion re2i<e o0 0li2ht>

A'o6eF PAK-FA upper aft fuselage 2 tail sho(ing shaping detailsI 'elo(F HF-24A, F-22A /aptor (Sukhoi, *S Air For#e !

PAK-FA AeroC4n3Eic 6esign

1xamination of the publicl# displa#ed $A%-FA protot#pes sho& that this design is a continuation of the highl# e)ol)ed pedigree of Flan!er aerod#namic design" >o&e)er, as obser)ed in and predicted from the most recent Flan!er )ariant, the u-35 , and the &or! done during the deep modernisation program that resulted in this design, u!hoi ha)e e)identl# ta!en the next step b# pro)iding the $A%-FA &ith relaxed static stabilit# in the directional axis" .pen source materials such as high resolution imager# and )ideo camera footage sho& there are a number of features about the aerod#namic design of the $A%-FA that are different to, but clearl# enhancements on the tried and pro)en aerod#namics of the Flan!er famil# of aircraft, including?

Full# articulated, reduced aspect ratio dorsal fins that are canted out&ards" These pro)ide large control po&er and control authorit# &hile minimising drag and side area &ith the additional /. benefit of the latter" Articulated /10 sections9control surfaces abo)e and immediatel# for&ard of the (uite

large inta!es of the propulsion s#stem"

@ain &ing leading edge s&eep angle of AB:"5C to &hich the leading edges of the /10 sections and the hori-ontal stabilisers are edge aligned, &ith the latter closel# nested &ith the &ing trailing edge flaperons" /arge &ing area, estimated to be A;B6 s(uare feet" /arge leading edge flaps, around =6D span of each of the outboard sections of the main &ing" /arge trailing edge flaperons spanning about :6D of each of the outboard sections of the main &ing, truncated and blended &ith the leading edges of the hori-ontal stabilators" /arge aileron control surfaces of A36D span of the outboard sections of the main &ing" $rodigious &ing9fuselage blending &ith primar# area ruling achie)ed through shaping of the upper and lo&er portions of the engine nacelles" 5lassic later generation Flan!er Eoundar# /a#er 5ontrol 8E/5< s#stems in and around the inta!es, extending aft along the engine lo&er nacelles" The propulsion s#stem inta!es are (uite large and clearl# intended to accommodate thrust gro&th, possibl# the use of *eFector no--le technolog#+ for increased thrust augmentation 8a!in to the J5; engine of the R-G7 and more recent ,AR$A 2ulcan program<, and o)erall thermal management, as &ell as pro)iding additional air for exhaust plume shrouding, the latter for infrared signature control" Alternate inta!es for the propulsion s#stem, as seen on earlier Flan!ers" Hominal engine thrust lines are canted out&ards about 2C to 3C off the longitudinal centreline, &ith the engines spaced s#mmetricall# around E/ 66, at around 76 feet centre to centre spacing at the no--le exit planes" This configuration reduces the ris! of the rapid onset of large #a& rates at large thrust settings due to single engine in-flight shutdo&ns, &hile, &hen combined &ith the increased A:6C9sec angular T25 rates obser)ed in the u-35 design, enhancing the abilit# of the T25 s#stem to augment9replace aerod#namic flight control inputs, &hile aiding in the pro)ision of *apparent static directional stabilit#+ through d#namic control to replace the normall# *natural inherent static directional stabilit#+ that has been relaxed" There has clearl# been a concerted effort to establish harmon# and complementarities bet&een the inertial properties in each of the aircraft axes, as &ell as the ph#sical si-ing of the control surfaces for each axes" This &or! has its roots in earlier T-76 Flan!er series designs, most recentl#, the u-35 " As seen on the u-35 , there is no separate, dedicated speed bra!e control surface, this function being subsumed b# differential deplo#ment of control surfaces"

'ith the undercarriage full# deplo#ed, the primar# Hose /anding Iear 8H/I< doors are closed &ith small ancillar# doors pro)iding the opening through &hich the H/I oleo and related dual &heel and steering assembl# protrude, thus remo)ing the directionall# destabilising effect of the primar# doors in the po&ered approach 8$A< configuration" 'hen deplo#ed, the si-eable @ain /anding Iear 8@/I< doors are aligned to the longitudinal plane of the aircraft and li!el# contribute to the static directional stabilit# of the aircraft in the $A configuration"

.bser)ations from the )ideo footage of the first JpublicK flight include?

The relati)el# high speed taxi to the hold short line sho&ed )er# little )ertical motion or for&ard9aft interaction of the undercarriage oleos9tires spring9damper s#stem &hich suggested the aircraft &as li!el# at a relati)el# light, mid-fuel9mid centre of gra)it# 85oI< configuration" The aircraft fle& a&a# from the run&a# during the ta!e off &ith no perceptible pitch control input, e)idenced b# no leading edge displacement of the hori-ontal stabilisers and no deflection of the T25 no--les in pitch being obser)ed" This is a!in to the F-22A Raptor &herein ta!e off trim and lift off speed are all that are re(uired for the aircraft to unstic! off the run&a#" This contrasts strongl# &ith the F-35 series of designs, &here a con)entional ta!e off re(uires an ele)ator input in the order of 36C /1 do&n to initiate the unstic! 9rotation process" 2er# little leading edge flap deplo#ment, most li!el# emplo#ing the minimal ta!e off trim setting, appeared to be re(uired and no significant deplo#ment of the trailing edge flaps &as e)ident" ,uring the ground roll, engine no--les &ere in the trail position and no )ectored input in either the longitudinal or lateral axes &as e)ident" Ta!e off roll to un-stic! &as estimated at some&hat less than 7,566 feet, ta!ing some 72 seconds from bra!e release to rotation speed 82r<" Rotation and initial climb out appeared smooth, stable and &ell controlled &ith increasing rate of climb, &ith the causall# increasing climb angle and climb attitude e)ident and monotonicall# climbing &ithin 2 seconds after lift off" /ittle co)erage of the up and a&a# part of this flight &as released into the public domain, though there are multiple reports that the undercarriage &as c#cled &hen airborne and some time &as allocated for mild side slip and flat turn manoeu)res, along &ith lateral control excursions to around B5C from &ings le)el flight" The landing &as une)entful &ith &hat appeared to be minimum leading and trailing edge flap settings and little, if an#, emplo#ment of T25 and9or the /10 control surfaces" The pilot held the nose &heel off the run&a# for approximatel# B seconds after the @/I

contacted the run&a#, &ith the nose &heel run on to the tarmac coinciding &ith deplo#ment of the t&o arrestor drag parachutes" These chutes &ere released some 76 seconds later, signalling the end of the 7B second ground roll portion of the landing iteration" .)erall, the distance of this portion of the landing &as estimated at some&hat less than 7,366 feet" The results of detailed obser)ations and anal#ses of the material no& in the public domain combined &ith !no&ledge of the progressi)e *e)olutionar# and e)ol)ing+ de)elopment of aerod#namic techni(ues b# u!hoi o)er more than t&o decades, demonstrates that u!hoi and its supporting team of engineers and scientists ha)e achie)ed master# of extreme agilit# throughout the &hole air combat continuum" ince the u-35 design is alread# accredited &ith the title of Uextreme agilit#W, the aerod#namic and !inematic capabilities of the $A%-FA &ill li!el# re(uire coining of the term Uextreme plus agilit#W to do them Fustice" The introduction of relaxed static directional stabilit# in the $A%-FA design, alone, &ill ensure that the $A%-FA has the manoeu)rabilit# and controllabilit# capabilities and, thus, the agilit# that no 'estern fighter design can pro)ide" There is onl# one 'estern fighter design configuration that, &ith some upgrades and modification, &ill be able to approach the $A%-FA in manoeu)rabilit# and controllabilit# capabilitiesL specificall#, the F-22A Raptor" The aerod#namic design of all other 3 air )ehicles precludes such modifications, this including the F-35 Joint tri!e Fighter"

PAK-FA Structur3l9 S4steEs 3nC Pro8ulsion 6esign

7he 11<S po(erplant used in the PAK-FA Prototype (J 200D .italiy .! KuCmin ! VP5<in5tion8 o0 the PAK-FA 9rotot69e8 8ho1 cle5rl6 th5t the 8tructur5l7 5ir0r5<e 868te<8 5n; 9ro9ul8ion 589ect8 o0 the PAK-FA 0ollo1 the no1 Muite 9re;ict5=le7 1ell <5n52e; 5n; lo1 ri8k ;e:elo9<ent5l 95th8 e8t5=li8he; =6 Sukhoi in the T-10 Fl5nker 05<il6 o0 5ircr50t ;e8i2n8> O:er the l58t three ;ec5;e87 thi8 599ro5ch h58 8een technolo2ic5l 5;:5nce<ent87 ePten8ion8 5n; enh5nce<ent8 2roun;e; 8oli;l6 in tho8e e<9lo6e; in 9re:iou8 ;e8i2n87 9rotot69e 9ro2r5<8 5n; the re8ultin2 0i2hter/8trike/5tt5ck/interce9tor 5ircr50t 868te<8 th5t 1ere 9l5ce; into o9er5tion5l 8er:ice 1ith Iu88i5n <ilit5r6 0orce8 58 1ell 58 eP9orte; 5roun; the 1orl;> The 8tructur5l enh5nce<ent8 5n; 5;:5nce<ent8 to =e 8een in the PAK-FA ;e8i2n inclu;e 0urther u8e o0 li2ht 1ei2ht7 hi2h 8tren2th <et5l 5llo687 8uch 58 Ti7 Al7 5n; AlOe 5llo687 5n; the 2re5ter u8e o0 co<9o8ite technolo2ie8 5n; the 588oci5te; <5teri5l87 =oth o0 1hich 9ro:i;e 5 8ti00er7 8tron2er 5ir0r5<e 1ith 5n e:en 0urther re;uction in the 5ir :ehicleL8 rel5ti:e 8tructur5l 1ei2ht th5n th5t 5chie:e; in the Su-?5S ;e8i2n re:e5le; in the l5tter 95rt o0 200R> There c5n =e no ;ou=t 0ro< the =58ic 5ir0r5<e 8h59in2 th5t the intern5l 5ir0r5<e 8tructur5l ;et5il8 5re ;eri:e; 0ro< 5n; 1ere 9ro:en in the Su-?5S 5n; it8 9rece;in2 Su-?5OS ;ee9 <o;erni85tion Pro2r5<> The 85<e 599lie8 0or the 5ir0r5<e 868te<87 inclu;in2 the h6;r5ulic7 electric5l7 9neu;r5ulic 5n; 0uel;r5ulic 9o1er 868te<8Z 0uel ;i8tri=ution 5n; en2ine 0ee; 868te<8Z en:iron<ent5l control 868te<8 FVCSG7 OOOTS7 5uPili5r6 9o1erZ

5n;7

5ll

i<9ort5nt

ther<5l

<5n52e<ent

868te<8>

The l5r2e intern5l 0uel c595cit6 o0 b257000 l=8 5n; the 8i2ni0ic5nt 5<ount o0 hi2h 9re88ure 5ir 5:5il5=le 0ro< the o:er8iKe <5in en2ine inlet8 1ill en8ure the PAK-FA 1ill h5:e none o0 the 9ro=le<8 5n; ch5llen2e8 con0rontin2 e5rlier HS 0i2hter ;e8i2n87 5n; kno1n to h5:e =eco<e 5 critic5l 5n; 8e:erel6 li<itin2 ;e8i2n i88ue in the 4SF Pro2r5<> The ePi8tin2 PAK-FA 9rotot69e e00ort i8 cle5rl6 0ocu88e; on <ini<i8in2 ri8k ;urin2 the initi5l 9roce88 o0 9ro:in2 the 5ero;6n5<ic7 5ir0r5<e 5n; 868te<8 ;e8i2n> Iu88i5n o9en 8ource8 h5:e 8t5te; th5t the 9rotot69e8 5re 9o1ere; =6 the ePi8tin2 9ro;uction Al-?1F 117S7 o0ten l5=elle; 0or <5rketin2 re58on8 58 the Al-@1F1A7 :5ri5nt 137@00/?27000 l=0 FR7R00/1@7500 k9G en2ine7 e<9lo6e; in the Su-?5S> Nhile thi8 en2ine l5ck8 the 9er0or<5nce r5tin2 o0 the e5rlier ;e:elo9<ent5l Al-@1F 8erie8 5n; it8 likel6 ;eri:5ti:e87 it i8 c595=le o0 8u9ercrui8e 5n; thu8 9er<it8 8i2ni0ic5nt 0li2ht te8t 5n; 0li2ht control 868te< ;e:elo9<ent to =e 9er0or<e; 1ithout the hi2h ri8k8 ch5r5cteri8tic o0 the concurrent u8e o0 5 ;e:elo9<ent5l en2ine 5n; ;e:elo9<ent5l 5ir0r5<e> The cite; TBC c595=ilit6 o0 the 117S en2ine i8 h15i in the :ertic5l 9l5ne7 5n; hRi in the horiKont5l 9l5ne7 1ith ;e0lection 5n2le r5te8 o0 no1 u9 to ^0 i/8ec7 9uttin2 the< in the 85<e on8et r5te c5te2or6 58 0i2hter-t69e 5ero;6n5<ic 0li2ht control 8ur05ce8> The en2ine e<9lo68 5 l5r2er ;i5<eter 05n7 5t 3?2 << :8> the 305 << 05n in the e5rlier Al-?1FP TBC en2ine> Ke6 hot en; co<9onent8 in the core 1ere re;e8i2ne; to e<9lo6 the coolin2 868te< technolo26 ;e:elo9e; in the 13308 Al-@1F7 9er<ittin2 <uch hi2her TIT r5tin28 5n; 5 co<<en8ur5tel6 re;uce; thru8t l598e r5te 1ith 5ltitu;e7 in turn 9er<ittin2 8u9ercrui8e o9er5tion> [5r<oni85tion o0 the ;i2it5l 0li2ht control l518 1ith the 9reci8ion ?A TBC noKKle 868te< reMuire8 5 ro=u8t 5n; reli5=le ?A TBC noKKle eMui99e; 9o1er9l5nt> Hncert5intie8 re<5in in ter<8 o0 the c595=ilitie8 5n; ;e8i2n o0 the inten;e; 9o1er9l5nt 0or Full I5te Pro;uction 5ircr50t> S5turn h5:e =een ;e:elo9in2 5 ne1 en2ine 0or the PAK-FA 8ince 200^7 l5=elle; 58 the UFi0th Tener5tion Fi2hter Vn2ineW> Cle5rl6 thi8 1ill e<9lo6 technolo26 0ro< the ePi8tin2 ?37^00 l=0 cl588 Al-@1F7 ;e:elo9e; initi5ll6 0or the SFIR>

A'o6eF (orkshare 'reakdo(n for the de6elopmental fifth generation engineI 'elo(F intended appli#ations for same! 7he /ussian language legend sho(s a #ommon #ore K,asi# "as "eneratorL eEploited for a range of other appli#ations, in#luding maritime surfa#e #om'atant po(erplants, and fiEed po(er station or gasline pumping appli#ations (%P& Saturn !

Pu=lic co<<ent8 =6 Iu88i5n 95rli5<ent5r6 8cienti0ic 5;:i8or Kon8t5ntin S5kienko7 in 5 recent <e;i5 inter:ie17 in;ic5te th5t the Iu88i5n8 en:i852e the PAK-FA 9ro]ect in ter<8 o0 5 @0 - 50 6e5r o9er5tion5l li0e c6cle7 re0lectin2 hi8toric5l eP9erience 1ith the T-107 1hich entere; ;e:elo9<ent ;urin2 the e5rl6 13708 @> A25in8t 8uch ti<e8c5le87 it i8 5 cert5int6 th5t 9ro;uction PAK-FA 5ircr50t 1ill 8ee t1o or three 2ener5tion8 o0 9o1er9l5nt 0itte; to the ;e8i2n7 1hich 0urther eP9l5in8 the e<9lo6<ent o0 the l5r2e7 8ee<in2l6 o:er8iKe 9ro9ul8ion 868te< int5ke8> Cle5rl67 the Sukhoi 9ench5nt 0or 5ltern5te int5ke8 in Fl5nker ;e8i2n8 continue8 1ith the PAK-FA ;e8i2n> Pro;uction PAK-FA 5ircr50t 1ill there0ore 5t 8o<e 8t52e 5cMuire 5 hi2h :5ri5=le =69588 8u9ercrui8in2 en2ine 1ith 5 :5ri5=le c6cle core 5n; 5u2<enter7 58 the ;i:er8e nee;8 o0 lon2 r5n2e/9er8i8tence 5n; 8u9ercrui8e ;ict5te thi8 ;e8i2n 599ro5ch> Nhen the HS ;ro99e; the :5ri5=le c6cle JF-120 0ro< the ATF 9ro2r5< ;urin2 the e5rl6 133087 it 158 0or 0e5r o0 ;e:elo9<ent ri8k8 i<95ctin2 ;e9lo6<ent ti<eline87 le5:in2 the 9ro;uction F-22A I59tor 1ith 5 <uch <ore =58ic F113-PN-100 en2ine ;e8i2n>

7he 11<S po(erplant (J 200D .italiy .! KuCmin !

PAK-FA 7ock8it9 ADionics 3nC I3C3r 6esign

7ikhomiro6 %00P A$SA on display at -AKS 200D (J 200D, -irosla6 "yMrNsi ! Iu88i5n 8t5te<ent8 on the core 5:ionic 8uite inten;e; 0or the PAK-FA h5:e not =een 95rticul5rl6 re:e5lin2 to ;5te7 =ut in;ic5te the ;e8i2n 1ill =e in <5n6 95rt8 5n e:olution o0 the Su-?5S 5:ionic ;e8i2n> Ti:en th5t the 5:ionic 8uite 0or the Su-?5S i8 5n entirel6 ne1 5n; 0ull6 ;i2it5l ;e8i2n7 in =58ic technolo26 ter<8 it 1ill ;i00er little 0ro< the technolo26 in current Hnite; St5te8 ;e8i2n8> The eP9ect5tion th5t the PAK-FA <i2ht =e co<=5t ine00ecti:e i0 eMui99e; 1ith 5 ;eri:5ti:e o0 the Su-?5S Fl5nker 5:ionic 8uite i8 illo2ic5l 5n; cle5rl6 o9ti<i8tic7 58 the Su-?5S ;i2it5l 5:ionic 868te< ;e8i2n i8 cre;i=le =6 5n6 <e58ure> A <ini<5l 5;59t5tion 1oul; ret5in 5ll core co<9onent8 o0 the Su-?5S 5:ionic ;e8i2n7 =ut re9l5ce 5ll con:ention5l 59erture8 1ith BEO eMui:5lent87 5n; 5lter 15:e0or<8 to 9ro:i;e EPI o9er5tin2 <o;e8> Sukhoi 1ill 05ce 8o<e intere8tin2 ;e8i2n ch5llen2e8 in ;e:elo9in2 the PAK-FA 5:ionic 8uite> The8e 1ill lie in the 85<e 5re58 1hich h5:e =e;e:ille; HS ;e8i2ner8 in 5ll recent BEO 5ircr50t ;e:elo9<ent 9ro]ect87 89eci0ic5ll6 in the 9ro:i8ion o0 hi2h c595cit6 5:ionic coolin27 1hich ;oe8 not 9ro;uce in0r5re; hot89ot87 5n; in the ;e8i2n o0 1i;e=5n;7 6et :er6 lo1 ICS r5;io-0reMuenc6 59erture8 0or =oth 9588i:e 5n; 5cti:e 8en8or87 5n; 5ircr50t ;5t5link/net1ork ter<in5l

tr5n8cei:er8> BEO 59erture ;e8i2n h58 =een 5 8ource o0 on2oin2 ;i00icultie8 in ;e8i2n7 58 8tructur5l <o;e ICS 5n; i<9e;5nce <i8<5tche8 525in8t the 59erture c5n re8ult in 9ro<inent ICS 0l5re 89ot87 1hich c5n =e ;i858trou8 in 5 BEO ;e8i2n> V:en 5 8<5ll ICS contri=ution c5n =e 9ro=le<5tic7 2i:en the nu<=er o0 59erture8 reMuire; to 8u99ort e89eci5ll6 1i;e=5n; 5ll 589ect VSS/IFS 8en8or8> An unkno1n 5t thi8 9oint in ti<e i8 the ePtent to 1hich Iu88i5n ;e8i2ner8 1ill h5:e eP9loite; 1reck52e 0ro< the F117A Di2hth51k7 lo8t in the 1333 OAF c5<95i2n o:er Ser=i5> The re<5in8 o0 thi8 5ircr50t 1oul; =e 5 :5lu5=le 8ource o0 ;et5il co<9onent87 e89eci5ll6 BEO r5te; 5ntenn587 BEO r5te; in8tru<ent5tion 9ort8 5n; 9ro=e87 5n; 9ro:en 5l=eit ol;er BEO <5teri5l8 technolo26> Iu88i5n 95rli5<ent5r6 8cienti0ic 5;:i8or Kon8t5ntin S5kienko7 in 5 recent <e;i5 inter:ie17 note; th5t the PAK-FA 5:ionic 8uite 1oul; =e u8e; 58 the =58i8 0or technolo26 in8ertion u92r5;e8 on the Su-?5S> [e 5l8o o=8er:e; th5t UDot ]u8t 5n 5cti:e r5;5r =ut 5n entire <ulti0unction5l inte2r5te; r5;io electronic 868te< th5t cont5in8 0i:e inte2r5te; 5rr568 i8 =ein2 ;e:elo9e; 0or PAK FAW@> The l5tter i8 intere8tin27 58 the =e5:ert5il h58 5 r5;o<e co<95ti=le 1ith 5n 50t lookin2 Y-=5n; AVSA7 5n o9tion 5:5il5=le 0or 5 nu<=er o0 l5ter Fl5nker :5ri5nt8> St5te<ent8 h5:e 5l8o e<er2e; th5t cheek Y-=5n; AVSA 59erture87 to 8u99le<ent the 0or15r; AVSA7 1ere 9l5nne;7 5n5lo2ou8 to the cheek AVSA8 9l5nne; 0or the F-22A> Thi8 ho1e:er ;oe8 not 5ccount 0or 0i:e AVSA 59erture8> I0 8o<e ICS ;e2r5;5tion in the E-=5n; i8 toler5te;7 then E-=5n; AVSA8 f5n5l68i8/i<52er6g coul; =e in8t5lle; in the le5;in2 e;2e8 o0 the EVY or 1in287 u8in2 5 0reMuenc6 8electi:e =5n;9588 r5;o<e> Thi8 ho1e:er ;oe8 not 5;; u9 to 0i:e 59erture87 unle88 the 95ire; E-=5n; AVSA8 5re counte; 58 5 8in2le 59erture7 5 9o88i=ilit6 8ince =oth 5re o9er5te; 58 5 8in2le 9h58e 8teere; 5rr561@> A8 note; in the ;i8cu88ion o0 o=8er:5=le87 the 9rotot69e8 5re likel6 to =e eMui99e; 1ith 5 ;eri:5ti:e o0 the Su-?5S OES> Su-?0SKS 5ircr50t 8u99lie; to S5l568i5 h5:e =een 0itte; 1ith 5 <ulti9le 59erture o9tic5l SANS> A 8i<il5r SANS ;e8i2n 0or 5 BEO 5ir0r5<e 1ill con0ront 5n5lo2ou8 9ro=le<8 to r5;io-0reMuenc6 59erture87 likel6 re8ultin2 in 8i<il5r 0lu8h 1in;o1 ;e8i2n8 58 u8e; 1ith the F-?5 Ai8tri=ute; A9erture S68te< FAASG> Hntil re9re8ent5ti:e l5te PAK-FA 9rotot69e8 5re 8een7 1ith the 0ull 5:ionic 8uite 0itte;7 uncert5intie8 1ill re<5in in 9ro9erl6 588e88in2 the c595=ilitie8 o0 the 5cti:e 5n; 9588i:e 8en8or 8uite87 thre5t 15rnin2 868te<87 5cti:e counter<e58ure8 0it7 5n; eP9en;5=le8 o9tion8> The len2th6 inten;e; 8er:ice li0e o0 the PAK-FA 5n; r59i; e:olution o0 5:ionic8 technolo26 o:er co<in2 ;ec5;e8 in;ic5te8 th5t thi8 ;e8i2n i8 likel6 to 8ee t1o or three 2ener5tion8 o0 5:ionic 8uite in8t5lle; o:er the 5ircr50tL8 li0e c6cle> There h5:e =een no 9ro<inent ;i8clo8ure8 on the PAK-FA cock9it ;e8i2n> It i8 likel6 th5t 5 ;eri:5ti:e o0 the er2ono<ic5ll6 1ell 058hione; Su-?5S 2l588 cock9it 1oul; =e u8e; - thi8 ;e8i2n e<9lo68 5 95ir o0 l5r2e ASECA 95nel8 to e<ul5te the 9ro]ector =58e; 5rr5n2e<ent in the F-?57 =ut 1ith <ore ro=u8t 05ult toler5nce7 2re5ter 8i<9licit6 in ;e8i2n7 6et 8i<il5r e58e in o9er5tion>

Iu88i5n 8ource8 cl5i< th5t the ne1 OKO A:i55:to<5tik5 [OTAS control 8et i8 likel6 to =e u8e; in the PAK-FA7 =ut no 0or<5l ;i8clo8ure8 =6 <5nu05cturer8 h5:e =een <5;e to ;5te> Eike the Su?5S7 the PAKFA 1ill e<9lo6 5 ;u5l <o;e Tlon588/TPS recei:er 5n; K5l<5n 0ilter =58e; inerti5l n5:i25tion 8uite7 1ith 5n IET> A8 1ith the Su?5S7 the PAKFA 1ill c5rr6 ;5t5link8 0or =i;irection5l ;5t5 tr5n80er8> There h5:e =een no ;i8clo8ure8 5t thi8 ti<e on the ;5t5link ter<in5l8 or 15:e0or<8 inten;e;> In the inte2r5tion o0 net1ork ter<in5l87 Iu88i5n in;u8tr6 1ill con0ront <uch the 85<e i88ue8 the HS Air Force h58 h5; to re8ol:e in ;e0inin2 5n; ;e:elo9in2 Eo1 Pro=5=ilit6 o0 Interce9t FEPIG ;5t5link <o;ul5tion8 co<95ti=le 1ith 8te5lth6 o9er5tion8> The Iu88i5n8 1ill =e 5cutel6 515re o0 the ;e8i2n i88ue87 2i:en their 9re:iou8 e00ort in eP9loitin2 ;5t5link ter<in5l e<i88ion8 0or 9588i:e t5r2etin2 o0 SAS8> A nu<=er o0 Iu88i5n 8ource8 h5:e co<<ente; on the u8e o0 U;5t5 0u8ionW in the PAK-FA 5:ionic ;e8i2n7 5 techniMue

&K, A6iaa6tomatika )&7AS #ontrols (hi#h /ussian sour#es #laim to 'e the most likely design employed in the PAK-FA #o#kpit (A6iaa6tomatika !

1hich i8 u8e; currentl6 in the F-22A 5n; inten;e; 0or the F-?5>

$nhan#ed stills from a /ussian tele6ision 'road#ast reporting the 7ikhomiro6 %00P PAK-FA A$SA design! Stati# display images of the antenna ha6e a diele#tri# impedan#e mat#hing s#reen installed, (hi#h o's#ures the a#tual 7/ module apertures (.esti - -osk6a 6ia Houtu'e ! The Tikho<iro: DIIP Y-=5n; AVSA ;e8i2n 0or the PAK-FA i8 =etter un;er8too; th5n the core 5:ionic 8uite7 ;ue to ePten8i:e ;i8clo8ure =6 Tikho<iro: DIIP 5t SAKS 2003> The 5ntenn5 59erture i8 :er6 8i<il5r in 8iKe7 i0 not i;entic5l7 to the 59erture o0 the D-011S Ir=i8 V u8e; in the Su-?5S> The ;e8i2n i8 inten;e; 0or 0iPe; lo1 8i2n5ture tilte; in8t5ll5tion7 r5ther th5n 2i<=5lle; in8t5ll5tion7 5n; 5uPili5r6 cheek 5rr568 5re 9l5nne; 0or> The ;e8i2n i8 5l8o cl5i<e; to h5:e =een inte2r5te; 1ith 5n ePi8tin2 OAIS/Ir=i8 r5;5r 0or te8tin2 5n; ;e8i2n :5li;5tion 9ur9o8e8> Pu=lic 8t5te<ent8 <5;e in Iu88i5 throu2h 2003 cl5i< 17500 TI <o;ule ele<ent8> Countin2 eP9o8e; r5;i5tin2 ele<ent8 on :i;eo 8till8 o0 the 5ntenn5 in;ic5te8 5n e8ti<5te; 1752@ TI ch5nnel87 1ith 5 toler5nce o0 8e:er5l 9ercent> Thi8 i8 1ithin 5Q o0 the 200R 5n5l6tic5l <o;el 0or 5 Fl5nker AVSA15> DIIP h5:e 9u=licl6 cite; ;etection r5n2e 9er0or<5nce o0 ?50 to @00 k< F130 to 215 DSIG7 1hich 588u<in2 5 Iu88i5n in;u8tr6 8t5n;5r; 2>5<2 t5r2et7 i8 5l8o con8i8tent 1ith the 200R <o;el 0or 5n AVSA r5;5r u8in2 b10N r5te; TI <o;ule87 1hich in turn i8 the 9o1er r5tin2 0or the <o;ule8 u8e; in the jhuk AV 9rotot69e8> Thi8 9ut8 the nett 9e5k 9o1er 5t b15 kiloN5tt87 8li2htl6 =elo1 the Ir=i8 V7 =ut e:en 5 :er6 <o;e8t 25Q incre58e in TI <o;ule out9ut r5tin2 1oul; o:erco<e thi8> There 5re ;i8tinct ;i00erence8 =et1een the AVSA ;i89l56e; =6 DIIP 0or Be8ti7 1hich h58 le88 ;e9th 5n; u8e8 circul5r r5;i5tor87 5n; the eP5<9le8 ;i89l56e; 5t SAKS 2003 5n; ;e9icte; on =rochure87 1hich 5re con8tructe; u8in2 TI <o;ule 8tick8 5n; 5re 8e:er5l inche8 ;ee9er> To ;ri:e ;o1n the co8t o0 thi8 AVSA7 the =e8t 8tr5te26 5:5il5=le to the Iu88i5n8 i8 the eP9ort o0 AVSA u92r5;e8 to the 2lo=5l co<<unit6 o0 Fl5nker u8er8 o:er the co<in2 ;ec5;e7 e<ul5tin2 the HS 599ro5ch 1ith thi8 technolo267 5n; ;ri:in2 u9 the :olu<e o0 TI <o;ule8 =uilt> Tikho<iro: DIIP =rochure8 8t5te th5t the ePi8tin2 AVSA 1oul; =e the =58i8

o0

AVSA

u92r5;e

;e8i2n8

0or

the

Su-27/?0/?5

Fl5nker8>

A ;e8i2n 9ro=le< th5t Tikho<iro: DIIP 1ill h5:e to 2r599le 1ith i8 th5t o0 EPI 15:e0or<8 0or the AVSA7 58 the8e 5re critic5l to co:ert 8te5lth6 co<=5t o9er5tion8> Thi8 1ill reMuire th5t the AVSA e<9lo6 1i;e=5n; 0ee; net1ork87 5 1i;e=5n; ;i2it5l 15:e0or< 2ener5tor7 5n; 2enerou8 9ro:i8ion o0 co<9utin2 9o1er 0or 8i2n5l 5n; ;5t5 9roce88in2> EPI techniMue8 h5:e not =een ;i8cu88e; to 5n6 ePtent in uncl588i0ie; Iu88i5n liter5ture7 =ut 5re 1ell co:ere; in Hnite; St5te8 5c5;e<ic 9u=lic5tion87 5n; the technolo26 i8 5:5il5=le to the Iu88i5n in;u8tr6 to ;e:elo9 5n; i<9le<ent EPI eMui9<ent> In conclu8ion7 Sukhoi 5n; it8 te5< o0 8u=contr5ctor8 1ill h5:e to ;e5l 1ith 5 r5n2e o0 ;e8i2n ch5llen2e87 <o8tl6 rel5te; to o=8er:5=le87 no ;i00erent to tho8e 1hich the Hnite; St5te8 in;u8tr6 h58 h5; to <58ter ;urin2 the O-2 5n; F-22 9ro2r5<8> Thi8 i8 1ell un;er8too; =6 the Sukhoi ;e8i2ner87 58 i8 e:i;ent 0ro< the c5re0ul thou2ht in:e8te; into ri8k <5n52e<ent 5cro88 the 1hole PAK-FA ;e8i2n> The 5=8ence o0 9u=lic ;i8clo8ure8 on the 5:ionic 8uite ;oe8 not in;ic5te the 5=8ence o0 5;:5nce; 5:ionic 8u=868te<87 0or 1hich Iu88i5n in;u8tr6 h58 5ll o0 the =58ic technolo267 =ut r5ther 5n intention5l 5n; ;e<on8tr5te; 9olic6 o0 non-;i8clo8ure until the 2re5te8t co<9etiti:e 5;:5nt52e c5n =e ePtr5cte; in the <5rket>

Su-4>S $le#tro-&pti#al System turret fitted to PAK-FA prototype (J 200D .italiy .! KuCmin !

Su-4>S #o#kpit (Sukhoi 'ro#hure !

PAK-FA Je38ons 73835ilities

7he primary ,./ (eapon to 'e #arried 'y early produ#tion 6ariants of the PAK-FA is the K7/. /..-S3, an eEtended range e6olution of the /-<< 2 AA-12 Adder similar to the A0--1203! %ote the laser proEimity fuse supplanting the radiofre8uen#y fuse (J 200D .italiy .! KuCmin ! Ber6 little h58 =een ;i8clo8e; to ;5te on the inten;e; 1e59on8 8uite 0or the PAK-FA> The intern5l =568 5re cl5i<e; to 0it ei2ht AAS8> The li<ite; 1i;th o0 the centre 0u8el52e =568 in;ic5te8 th5t <o8t likel6 the8e 1oul; e5ch 0it three 8t522ere; IBB-SA roun;87 thi8 =ein2 the l5te8t :5ri5nt o0 the I-77 / AA-12 A;;er 5n; 5 ;irect eMui:5lent to the HS AIS-120 ASIAAS 8erie8> To ;5te onl6 the 5cti:e r5;5r 8eeker eMui99e; IBB-SA :5ri5nt h58 =een ;i89l56e;7 the inten;e; he5t8eekin2 5n; 5nti-r5;i5tion :5ri5nt8 h5:e 6et to =e 8een in <ocku9 0or< or <5rketin2 liter5ture> Nhile 5 ne1 NBI AAS h58 =een 9l5nne;7 it i8 likel6 th5t 5 ;eri:5ti:e o0 the IBB-SA / I-7@ Archer 8erie8 1ill =e u8e; 1ith e5rl6 PAK-FA :5ri5nt8> For :er6 clo8e 5ir co<=5t7 5 ?0 << 2un <ounte; in the 8t5r=o5r; 0or15r; 0u8el52e 1ill =e e<9lo6e; - the t69e h58 not =een ;i8clo8e; to ;5te =ut it i8 likel6 to =e 5 :5ri5nt o0 the TSh-?0 8erie8 c5rrie; =6 the Su-?5S Fl5nker> Nith ei2ht 8t5tion8 cite; 0or ePtern5l 8tore87 5n; the ;i:er8it6 o0 2ui;e; =o<=87 ASS8 5n; crui8e <i88ile8 5:5il5=le 0or the Su-?0SK/Su-?5S Fl5nker 8erie87 there i8 no 8hort52e o0 5ltern5ti:e8 0or ePtern5l c5rri52e =6 the PAK-FA 7> Intern5l 1e59on8 0or 8trike role8 5re 5 <uch <ore intere8tin2 con8i;er5tion7 ;ue to the li<ite; :olu<e o0 the intern5l =568> Iecent ;e8i2n8 kno1n to h5:e 0ol;in2 8ur05ce8 0or intern5l c5rri52e inclu;e the ne1 KTIB Kh-?R 5n; Kh-

5RHShKV

Kilter>

It i8 likel67 =ut 6et to =e con0ir<e;7 th5t KTIB 5re ;e:elo9in2 5n 5n5lo2ue to the TOH-?3/O S<5ll Ai5<eter Oo<=> Ti:en the 1ell e8t5=li8he; 5n; <5n52e; 5ero;6n5<ic8 o0 thi8 5re5 o0 the Fl5nker ;e8i2n87 1e59on cle5r5nce8 0ro< the intern5l =568 5cro88 the 1hole o0 the PAK-FAL8 o9er5tion5l en:elo9e 8houl; =e 5chie:e; 1ith little7 i0 5n67 ;i00icultie87 5n; 1ithout the nee; 0or e<9lo6<ent o0 ePotic 5n; he5:6 techniMue8 8uch 58 5ero-5cou8tic loc5l 0lo1 control 5n; 8h59in2 or 8i<il5r>

7he primary #lose #om'at (eapon to 'e #arried 'y early produ#tion 6ariants of the PAK-FA is the K7/. /..--3, an eEtended range e6olution of the /-<42<5 2 AA-11 Ar#her (ith a Oam resistant t(o #olour s#anning seeker and a laser proEimity fuse! %ote the (ide'and PnS or PnSe 0/ (indo( repla#ing the narro('and -gF 2 design used in earlier 6ariants (J 200D .italiy .! KuCmin !

Kh-4@ mo#kup on display! %ote the folding fins for internal #arriage ( J 200D .italiy .! KuCmin !