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- Dr. Vineet Kumar Jain & Guillermo Leiva, The Evolution of the Building Codes in the United States with Respect to Hurricane Winds, Air Worldwide, March 16, 2010 and MBI Building News, 2002. 3
1702 Structural observation shall be provided in Seismic Zone 3 or 4 under specified conditions.
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1993 BOCA
Special Inspections
1705.3 Steel Construction
Fabrication, Materials, Erection (bolts, welding, and details.)
1705.7, 8, and 9 Prepared Fill, Piles, Piers 1705.10 Wall Panels and Veneers (SPC E) 1705.11 Mechanical and Electrical (SPC E)
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Testing
The analysis of materials in accordance with approved standards to determine compliance with the contract documents. These services may not modify the requirements of the construction documents application of engineering judgment or approval for deviations is the responsibility of the RDP of Record.
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Continuous
The full-time observation of work requiring special inspection by an approved special inspector who is present in the area where the work is being performed.
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Where fabrication of structural load-bearing members and assemblies is being performed on the premises of a fabricators shop, special inspection of the fabricated items shall be required by this section and as required elsewhere in the code. 15
Special Inspections as required by Section 1704.2 shall not be required where the fabricator is approved in accordance with Section 1704.2.2
Approval shall be based upon review of the fabricators written procedural and QC manuals and periodic auditing by an approved special inspection agency. (AISC, etc.)
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The special inspections for steel elements of buildings and structures shall be as required by Section 1704.3 and Table 1704.3.
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Steel Construction
Table 1704.3
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Steel Construction
Table 1704.3
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The special inspections and verifications for concrete construction shall be as required by this section and Table 1704.4.
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Concrete Construction
Table 1704.4
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Concrete Construction
Table 1704.4
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Masonry construction shall be inspected and verified in accordance with the requirements of Sections 1704.5.1 through 1704.5.3, depending on the occupancy category of the building or structure.
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Masonry Construction
Table 1704.5.1 - Level 1
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Masonry Construction
Table 1704.5.1 - Level 1
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Masonry Construction
Table 1704.5.3 Level 2
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Masonry foundation walls constructed per Table 1807.1.6.3(1), 1807.1.6.3(2), 1807.1.6.3(3), or 1807.1.6.3(4) Masonry fireplaces, heaters, or chimneys per section 2111, 2112, or 2113.
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1704.7 Soils
Special Inspections for existing site soil conditions, fill placement, and loadbearing requirements shall be as required by this section and Table 1704.7. The approved geotechnical report, and the construction documents prepared by the RDP, shall be used to determine compliance. 31
Soils
Table 1704.7
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The approved geotechnical report, and the construction documents prepared by the RDP shall be used to determine compliance.
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but this structure was in a moderate seismic region with 90 mph winds 35
D, E, F
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E, F
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Even if your structure (or portion thereof) falls under an exception, a similar level of testing and inspections may still be required.
(It just wont be special.) Check the applicable material standard these are generally incorporated by the IBC.
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Steel Construction
IBC Section 2204, 2205, and 2210.1
Inspection of welding and bolts shall be in conformance with specifications listed in sections 2205, 2206, 2207, 2209, and 2210. Special inspection of welding and highstrength bolts shall be provided where required by section 1704. The design, fabrication, and erection of structural steel for buildings and structures shall be in accordance with AISC 360. The design and installation of cold-formed steel lightframe construction shall be in accordance with AISI S200 and Sections 2210.2 through 2210.7, as applicable.
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Steel Construction
AISC 360 / AWS D1.1
AISC 360 Chapter M, Section M5 The fabricator shall provide quality control procedures to the extent that the fabricator deems necessary to assure the work in performed in accordance with this specification.
material and workmanship at all times may be subject to inspection by qualified inspectors representing the purchaser. The inspection of welding shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of AWS D1.1 except as modified in Section J2. The inspection of slip-critical high-strength bolted connections shall be in accordance with the provisions of the RCSC Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts.
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Steel Construction
AISC 303
AISC 303 Section 8.1.1 The Fabricator shall maintain a quality assurance program to ensure that the work is performed in accordance with the requirements in this Code, the AISC Specification, and the Contract Documents. AISC 303 Section 8.1.2 The Erector shall maintain a quality assurance program to ensure that the work is performed in accordance with the requirements in this Code, the AISC Specification, and the Contract Documents. AISC 303 Section 8.5 When inspection by personnel other than those of the Fabricator and/or Erector is specified in the Contract Documents, the requirements in Sections 8.5.1 through 8.5.6 shall be met.
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Concrete Construction
IBC Section 1901.2
Structural concrete shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter and ACI 318 as amended in Section 1908 of this code.
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Concrete Construction
ACI 318 - 08
Section 1.3.1 Concrete construction shall be inspected as required by the legally adopted building code. In the absence of such inspection requirements, concrete construction shall be inspected throughout the various Work stages by of under the supervision of a licensed design professional or be a qualified inspector.
Section 5.6 Evaluation and acceptance of concrete Concrete shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of 5.6.2 through 5.6.5.
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Concrete Construction
ACI 318 - 08
Section 1.3.2 inspection records shall include:
Delivery, placement, and testing reports documenting quantity, location of placement, fresh concrete tests, strength, and other test of all classes of concrete mixtures. Construction and removal of forms and reshoring, Placing of reinforcement and anchors, Mixing, placing, and curing of concrete, Sequence of erection and connection of precast members, Tensioning of tendons, Any significant construction loadings on completed floors, members, or walls, General progress of work.
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Masonry Construction
IBC Section 2104 and 2105
Masonry construction shall comply with the requirements of Sections 2104.1.1 through 2104.4 and with TMS 602 / ACI 530.1 / ASCE 6. A quality assurance program shall be used to ensure that the constructed masonry is in compliance with the construction documents. The quality assurance program shall comply with the inspection and testing requirements of Chapter 17.
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Masonry Construction
ACI 530 - 08
Section 1.18 The quality assurance program shall comply with the requirements of this section, depending on the facility function, as defined in the legally adopted building code or ASCE7.
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Masonry Construction
ACI 530 08 Level B
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Masonry Construction
ACI 530 08 Level C
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Inspector Qualifications
Certification of inspectors
Check local amendments to or adoptions of the IBC
New York Building Code
Check codes department web-site and/or consult local building code official Consult local or regional Structural Engineer Association (SEA) chapter or website
TNSEA (www.tn-sea.org) SEAOG (www.seaog.org) SEAOK (www.seaok.org) Etc
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2010 BCONYS
Minimum Qualifications for Special Inspectors Table 1704.1
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2010 BCONYS
Minimum Qualifications for Special Inspectors Table 1704.1
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Receiving and reviewing of intermediate inspection reports Receiving and reviewing of Final Report of Special Inspections
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Structural Observer (SI) is required as indicated by the provisions for Seismic or Wind resistance (1710.2 or 1710.3) and / or when designated by the Structural Engineer of Record (design).
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Paperwork
Required Submittals and Timing
Statement of Special Inspections Statement of Structural Observations Contractor Statement of Responsibility Records of Inspections Final Report of Special Inspections Final Report of Structural Observations
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Records of Inspections
Increments for Report Submittal Not Explicitly Defined Section 1704.1.2:
Special Inspectors shall keep records of inspections. Special Inspectors shall furnish reports to the Building Official and RDP in Responsible Charge (SI) Reports shall indicate: Work Inspected Work not completed in compliance with construction documents.
Non compliant work shall immediately be brought to the attention of the Contractor. If not addressed, non-compliant work shall be brought to attention of Building Official and RDP in Responsible Charge (SI) prior to completion of that phase of work.
During construction at increments as defined in RFP and at points of significant discrepancies if not corrected during the phase of work being conducted. 69
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RDP in responsible charge of SI is designated and compensated. Special Inspector and testing agency are contracted through the owner, and communicate freely with the RDP (design) and SEOR (design). Contractor provides timely and safe access for SIs. Field reports are compete and submitted regularly and discrepancies are immediately resolved. Special Inspector submits complete Final Report.
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Certification letter is required by codes, from the SEOR (design), prior to issuance of Certificate of Occupancy.
SEOR has not received field test or inspection reports, and/or SEOR is aware of some construction discrepancy.
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Special Inspections
F.A.Q.
How do I manage the cost of SI if the contractor isnt responsible for it?
Because SI and testing is typically provided on a time and materials basis where the response to RFP only indicates an estimated maximum cost, this is problematic. Be Active in the Process: Require preliminary construction schedule to be submitted with the construction bids (write or review the RFP):
Provide this information in the SI RFP, or better yet Write the RFP including base service quantities from this schedule.
Special Inspections
F.A.Q.
Buildings have not been falling down, so why is all of this new testing and inspection required?
Construction testing has been required by the model codes and material standards before the IBC. Good construction practice has long implemented these, through the owner, fabricator, erector, or contractor.
If all of this has been required before, why should your fee increase now?
While scope of testing is similar, coordination and management of process has increased. include this in your proposal and describe this additional service.
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Special Inspections
F.A.Q.
Are there any instances when SI may be ignored?
Construction falls under code exceptions Excluded by local adopted amendments
Special Inspections
F.A.Q.
What should be done if the SI does not respond to RDP (design) or SEOR (design) questions because they are contracted through the Owner?
Communication is the key and team environment essential. SI is required to provide information to the RDP in Responsible Charge (SI) by code. Final solution through Owner.
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Structural Observations.
SEOR cannot force compliance, but must perform due diligence and meet standard of care.
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