NewArticles76&79

30April2012

Agenda
WhyChange? Article76Revised Article i l 79 9Revised i d

WhyChangethePreviousArticles?
UpdatedArticles ReplacedAppendices Modernized d i d Requiresregularreview IntroducestheKuwaitImplementationPlan IntegratesAmbientAirQualitywithPoint Sourceemissions

Integration
SourceEvaluations

Emission Sources (Art79)

Ambient Air (Art76)

EstablishAirQualityZoneComplianceActions

NewArticle76Overview
IndustrialandResidentialstandardsarecombined Unitsarerectifiedfrommg/m3toug/m3inlinewith internationalstandards WHOguidelineareusedverbatimexceptinareaswheretime weightedaveragesarelessthan1hour hour.Timeperiodslessthan1 hourwerediscardedduetodifficultyinmeasuringusingexisting airmonitoringassets. WHOvaluesforPM10werediscardedinfavorofhigherUS standards. H2S,Cl,andNH3wereremovedfromthelistofcriteriaair pollutants NMHCswasremovedasmostoftheNMHCsofinterestare precursorsinsomewaytoOzoneorcannotbedistinguishedfrom hazardousandnonhazardouschemicals.

KuwaitAmbientAirQualityStandards
Pollutant
CarbonMonoxide CO NitrogenDioxide NO2 SulfurDioxide SO2 Ozone O3 Lead Pb (PM10) (PM2.5)

GuidelineValue
30mg/m3 (26ppm) 10mg/m3(9ppm) 200g/m3 (106ppb) 40g/m3 (21ppb) 20g/m3(8ppb) 75g/m3(29ppb) 100g/m3 (51ppb)

AveragingTime
1hour 8hours 1hour Annual 24hours 1hour 8hours

SourceModeled
WHOAirQualityGuidelinesfor Europe(SecondEdition) 2000 WHO AirQualityGuidelines Global U d t 2005 Update WHO AirQualityGuidelines Global Update2005/USCleanAirAct (40CFRPart50) WHO AirQualityGuidelines Global Update2005 WHOAirQualityGuidelinesfor Europe(SecondEdition) 2000 USCleanAirAct(40CFRPart50) WHO AirQualityGuidelines Global Update2005

0.5g/m3 90g/m3 150g/m3 15g/m3 35g/m3

Annual Annual 24hours Annual 24hours

Basedon25degCat1atm

KuwaitImplementationPlan
DesignateAirQualityControlZones
IdentifyNonAttainmentandAttainmentZones

DetermineactionsforNonAttainmentZone DetermineactionstoPreventSignificant DeteriorationinAttainmentZones Determinemonitoringstandardsand methodologies

NewArticle79Overview
DefinesMajorSourcesandPermitRequirements
PermitstoConstruct(PTC)andPermitstoOperate ( (PTO) ) NewSourceReviews AreaOperatingPermits

PerformanceStandardinAttainmentandNon AttainmentAreas LeakDetectionandRepairProgram RecordkeepingRequirements

Article76(AmbientAir)
Section1 Purpose. Purpose Ambientairqualitymust bemanagedtoprotectthepublichealthand welfarefromtheeffectsofairpollution. pollution This articleappliestoallairoutsideofafacilitys boundary. boundary

Article76(AmbientAir)
Section2 KuwaitAmbientAirQuality Standards(KAAQS). Ambientairquality withinKuwaitshouldnotexceedthelimits showninAppendix171.Theselimitswillbe reviewedeverytwoyearstoensuretheymeet internationalstandardsandconformto conditionsthatsatisfythepublichealthand welfareinKuwait.

Article76(AmbientAir)
Section3 KuwaitImplementationPlan. Plan The KEPADirectorwillcreatetheKuwait ImplementationPlantoensurecompliance withKAAQS.TheKIPwillestablishAirQuality ControlZones Zones,timelinesofexecution execution,and rolesandresponsibilitiesofstakeholders withinthezones. zones TheKIPwillbesubmitted withinsixmonthsofadoptionandreviewed everytwoyearsforrelevancyandupdates updates.

Article76(AmbientAir)
Section4 AirQualityControlZones(AQCZ). (AQCZ) AspartoftheKIP,theStateofKuwaitwillbe dividedintoAirQualityControlZones(AQCZ) basedonlocalairqualityreferencedtoKAAQS listedinAppendix171. 1

Article76(AmbientAir)
Section5 DesignationofAQCZs. AQCZswillbe designatedintheKIPbasedonhistoricalmonitoring andweatherdata.AQCZswillbecategorizedas:
Attainment zonedoesnotexceedKAAQS Q morethan threetimesin12consecutivemonths.ForPM10andPM 2.5,exceedances measuredduringduststormswillnot counted. NonAttainment ZoneexceedsKAAQSstandardsmore thanthreetimeswithin12consecutivemonths. Unclassifiable Zonedoesnothavesufficientdatato establishacategoryrating.Unclassifiablezonesmustbe determinedwithinsixmonthsofbeingcategorizedas Unclassified.

Article76(AmbientAir)
Section6 ClassificationsofNonAttainment Zone. Severityofnonattainmentzoneswill bedescribedbasedonratingsassignedin Appendix172.

Article76(AmbientAir)
Section7 PrimaryandSecondaryAirQuality Standards. PrimaryAirQualityStandardare standardsthataresettoprotecthuman health.SecondaryAirQualityStandardsare standardsthataresettoprotectthepublic welfare.TheKAAQSestablishedinAppendix 171willapplyasbothprimaryandsecondary standards.

AirQualityZones
Identifyairzonesofsimilarmeteorological patternsandairquality UsingCALPUFFtomodellocalizedair movements
Createavirtualsource Usegeneratedweatherdata

Major j zones
CoastalZone(<12kmfromcoast) InlandZone( (>12kmfromcoasts) )

SourceEvaluation
ExternalSources (Ozone,CO2) Newmonitoring locations Longrangetransport modeling

InternalSources

EmissionsInventories EmissionReporting SourcePermitting

InlandZones
2 1

1 3

CentralCoastalZones
4 4 7 6

SouthernCoastalZones
5

5 8 1 1 9 1 1

SouthernInlandZones

10

10

ProposedZones
NorthernInlandZone SouthernInlandZone BurganInland l dZone NorthernCoastalZone CentralCoastalZone SouthernCoastalZone

NorthernInlandZone NorthernCoastalZone

CentralCoastalZone

SouthernCoastalZone BurganInlandZone SouthernInlandZone

DeploymentoftheKIP
ModelingandMonitoring iscritical!

KIPInfrastructure
AirMonitoringSystem
Existingstations Mobilestations DataQualityChecking Air Ai Modeling M d li tools t l

eGovManagementSystem
Webbased Selfreportingtools

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section1 Purpose. Purpose Stationaryemission sourcesgreatlyimpactairquality.Proper managementandcontroltechnologiesare requiredtoensurethatemissionsdonot significantlydegradeambientairconditions withinthedesignatedairqualitycontrol zones. zones

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section2 2.MajorSources Sources. Amajorsourceis anindividualsourceofairemissionsthat generatesannualemissionsinexcesstothe pollutantthresholdsinAppendix201.

MajorSources(Appendix201)
Metrictonnes/year VOC NonAttainment Zone Attainmentor UnclassifiedZone NO2 SO2 PM10 CO Pb 1HAP 2+HAP

25

25

100

100

100

100

10

25

50

50

100

100

100

100

10

25

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section3 PermittingandRegistrationof StationaryEmissionSources. Newsources willbeissuedaPermittoConstruct(PTC) duringplanning,design,construction,and commissioningphases phases.Onceinstalled, installed the sourcewillrequireaPermittoOperate(PTO). ExistingsourceswillrequireaPTO. PTO Industries andemissionsourcessubjecttoPTCandPTO permitsarelistedinAppendix202. 2

Appendix202Categoriesthat RequirePermittingorRegistration
AutomobilePainting BrickandStructuralClayManufacturing Chlorine hl Production CombustionTurbines PolyurethaneFoamFabrication Industrial/CommercialBoilerstotalingmorethan10MBTU/hr ProcessHeaters IronandSteelManufacturing MetalSurfaceCoating OrganicChemicalProduction PaperSurfaceCoating PlasticSurfaceCoating Printing,CoatingandDyingFabrics CementManufacturing WasteIncinerators PetroleumRefineries ChemicalProcessPlants Petroleum/OilStorageandTransferUnitswithtotalstorageof300,000barrels ElectricPlantsgreaterthan250MBTU/hr M i i lLandfills Municipal L dfill StationaryInternalCombustionEngineslargerthan50brakehorsepower

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section4.NewSourceReview. Newemissionsources willbesubjecttoaNewSourceReview(NSR)basedon airdispersionmodelingandpreventionofsignificant deterioration(PSD)tolocalairqualityconditions conditions.In KAAQSairqualityattainmentzones,emissionsources shouldnotcauseairqualitytoexceedKAAQSlimits.In nonattainmentzones,emissionsourcesshould h ldnot causefurtherdeteriorationofambientairqualityor preventairq p quality yfromimproving. p g TheNSRwilluse internationallyacceptedairdispersionmodelssuitable forthelocationandpollutantmodeled.

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section5.AreaOperating p gPermits.Small emissionsourcesthatarenotclassifiedasmajor sourcesandindustrieswithmultiplesmall emissionsourcesinnonattainmentzoneswillbe permittedunderanareaoperatingpermit(AOP). Thephysicalboundaryoftheareawillbeclearly d fi dby defined b the th KEPAdi director. t B Businesses i and d industriescoveredwithinanareapermitwillbe required q toregister g theiremissionsourcesand utilizeReasonablyAchievableControlTechnology (RACT)basedonemissiontypeandeconomic analysis. analysis

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section6 6.KuwaitEmissionsInventory Inventory. A KuwaitEmissionsInventorywillbeconducted annuallyofallpermittedandregistered emissionsources.Theinventorywillinclude allairpollutantslistedinAppendix203. 3

Appendix203ReportableAirPollutants
CriteriaAirPollutants Compound C d O3 CO SO2 NO2 Pb PM10 PM2.5 Name N Ozone CarbonMonoxide SulfurDioxide NitrogenDioxide Lead PMlessthan10microns PMlessthan2.5microns CAS 10028156 630080 7446095 10102440 7439921

VolatileOrganicCompounds Compound C6H6 CH20 C7H8 C8H10 Name Benzene Formaldehyde Toluene X l Xylenes (all ( llisomers) i ) CAS 71432 50000 108883 1330207

Appendix203ReportableAirPollutants
GreenhouseGases Compound CO2 CH4 N2O CFC11 CFC12 CFC113 HCFC22 HCFC141b HCFC142b CH3CCl3 CCl4 HFC32 HFC125 HFC134a HFC143a HFC152a HFC23 HFC227ea HFC236fa HFC4310mee SF6 CF4 (PFC14) C2F6 (PFC116) C4F10 C6F14 Halon1211 Halon1301 Name CarbonDioxide Methane NitrousOxide Freon11 Freon12 1,1,1Trichlorotrifluoromethane 1Chloro1,1Difluoromethane 1,1Dichloro1Fluoroethane 1Chloro1,1Difluoroethane 1,1,1TrichloroethaneMethylchloroform CarbonTetrachloride Difluoromethane 1,1,1,2,2Pentafluoroethane 1,1,1,2Tetrafluoraethane 1,1,1Trifluoroethane 1,1Difluoraethane Trifluoromethane Heptafluoropropane 1,1,1,3,3,3hexafluoropropane 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5Decafluoropentane SulfurHexaflouride Carbontetrafluoride Hexafluoroethane Perfluorobutane Perfluorohexane Bromochlorodifluoromethane Bromotrifluoromethane CAS 124389 74828 10024972 75694 75718 76131 75456 1717006 75683 71556 56235 75105 354336 811972 420462 75376 75467 431890 690391 138495428 2551624 75730 76164 355259 355420 353593 75638

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section7.NewSourcePerformanceStandardsinNon Att i Attainment tZones. Z New N ormodified difi dstationary t ti emission i i sources willberequiredtoutilizedLowestAchievableEmissionRate Technology(LAER)ifsitedinaNonAttainmentAirQualityControl Zone.Technology gyconsideredmeeting gtheLAERstandardfora specificprocessandindustrywillbebasedonthefollowing procedures:
theaverageemissionlimitationachievedbythebestperforming twelvepercent(12%)ofsimilarexistinginternationalsourcesinthe categoryorsubcategoryforcategoriesandsubcategorieswith30or moresources,or theaverageemissionlimitationachievedbythebestperforming5 i international i lsourcesi inthe h categoryorsubcategory b f forcategories i or subcategorieswithfewerthan30sources.

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section8.Existing gSourcePerformance StandardsinNonAttainmentZones. Existing stationaryemissionsourceswillberequiredto utilizedReasonablyAchievableControl Technology(RACT)ifsitedinaNonAttainment AirQualityControlZone.Technologyconsidered meeting ti the th RACTstandard t d df foraspecific ifi process andindustrywillbebasedoneconomicand technicalfeasibility ystudieswithafinal determinationmadebyKEPA.International acceptedmethodsofanalysiswillbeconsidered.

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section9.NewSourcePerformanceStandards inAttainmentZones. Newormodified stationaryemissionsourceswillberequiredto utilizedBestAchievableControlTechnology (BACT)ifsitedinAirQualityAttainmentControl Zone.TechnologyconsideredmeetingtheBACT standard t d df foraspecific ifi processand dindustry i d t will ill bebasedoneconomicalandenvironment analysis y thatshowsthatcontributory yemissions fromthesourceandcontroltechnologywillnot deteriorateairqualityintheZoneandmoveit intoanonattainmentcategory. category

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section10 10.LeakDetectionandRepair Programs.AllmajorsourceswillhaveaLeak DetectionandRepair(LDAR)programthat detectsfugitiveemissionsusing internationallyaccepteddetection quantificationmethods.Aleakdetection surveywilltakeplaceannuallyandbe reportedwiththeannualemissionsinventory.

Article79(StationaryEmissionSources)
Section11.RecordkeepingandReporting. Majorsources,permit holders andemissionsourcesinnonattainmentareasmustsubmitan holders, annualemissionreporttoKEPAcontainingthefollowinginformation:
Inventoryoftheemissionsofallregulatedpollutantsandallpollutantsfor whichthefacilityisclassifiedasamajorsource. Descriptionof fall llemissionspoints. AnnualEmissionsofallpollutantsinAppendix204withmethodologyof determination. Descriptionofinputmaterials Descriptionofpollutioncontrolequipmentincludingdowntimefor maintenance Descriptionofanyoperatinglimitationsorrestrictionsonworkpracticesthat affecttheemissionsofregulatedpollutants. Descriptionofanytestmethodsthatwillbeusedtodeterminecompliance witheachpollutioncontrolrequirement. Monitoringandreportingspecifiedinthepermit.

ThisYear
KEPA/KIEM
KIP PTCandPTOPrograms

Industry
EmissionsInventories

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