OLD MIDTERM TEST PROBLEMS 2. ( 35 points) A sample of raw wastewater was taken at the Robert E.

Pickard Environmental Centre and 100 ml of it were analyzed for the different types of solids. In the analysis the following measurements were taken: a) Mass of the aluminum dish + GFC (glass fibre) filter = 1.5000 g b) Mass of the aluminum dish + GFC filter + retained solids = 3.5500 g c) Mass of the aluminum dish + GFC filter + retained solids after drying = 1.5500 g d) Mass of the aluminum dish + GFC filter + retained solids after firing in muffle furnace = 1.5100 g e) Volume of wastewater filtered = 0.1 litres f) Volume of filtrate (liquid passing through the GFC filter) = 0.098 litres g) Mass of evaporating dish = 30.0000 g h) Mass of evaporating dish + filtered solution = 128 g i) Mass of evaporating dish + filtered solution after drying = 30.0600 g j) Mass of evaporating dish + filtered solution after firing in a muffle furnace = 30.0030 g For the necessary calculation show the steps you are taking by using the letter associated with the pertinent piece of information listed above. Then substitute in the numbers. Answer the following questions and make the necessary calculations: i) Calculate the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in mg/L; ii) Calculate the Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) in mg/L; iii) Calculate the Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) in mg/L; iv) Calculate the Total Solids in mg/L; v) What is the approximate temperature (oC) of the drying oven? vi) What is the approximate temperature (oC) of the muffle furnace for firing samples ? vii) If the liquid filtered through the GFC filter has a turbidity of 0 NTU, what would be the concentration of the colloidal solids and the dissolved solids? viii) What percent of the suspended solids is of organic origin? 1. (25 points) Parameter | ---------Ca+2 | +2 | Mg Fe+2 | +1 Na | CO3-2 | HCO3+1 | -2 SO4 | Cl-1 | A river water has the following characteristics Concentration |----------------6 eq/m3 2 eq/m3 0.01 eq/m3 1.2 eq/m3 6 eq/m3 2 eq/m3 0.01 eq/m3 0.2 eq/m3

FIND a) The b) The c) The d) The

pH total alkalinity acidity hardness

e) Does the analysis make sense ? f) In terms of hardness how would you classify this water?

Problem #1. 1. A Goch crucible and filter pad are dried to a constant mass of 25.439 g. 2. A 200 mL sample of wastewater is passed through the filter. 3. The crucible, filter, pad and removed solids are dried to a constant mass of 25.645 g. 4. 100 mL of the filtrate in step 2 above is placed in an evaporation dish that had been preweighed at 275.419g. 5. The sample in step 4 is evaporated to dryness and the dish and residue are weighed at 276.227 g. 6. Both the crucible from step 3 and the evaporation dish from step 5 are placed in a muffle furnace at 5000 C for an hour. After cooling, the mass of the crucible is 25.501g and the mass of the dish is 275.944 g. Determine the following: a) b) c) d) e) The filterable solids (mg/L) The nonfilterable solids (mg/L) The total solids (mg/L) The organic fraction of the filterable solids (mg/L) The organic fraction of the nonfilterable solids (mg/L)

Problem #2 Given the following water analysis data, determine the unknown values. Ca+2 = 40 g/m3 Mg+2 = ? Na+ = ? K+ = 39.1 g/m3 Cl- = 35.5 g/m3 SO4 -2 = 96g/m3 HCO3 - = ?

NOTE: This water has the Alkalinity = 3.0 eq/m3 and noncarbonated hardness = 1.0 eq/ m3

Problem #4 A primary wastewater treatment plant treats 4000 m3/d, which has an influent suspended solids concentration of 150 g TSS/m3. The sedimentation tank removes the influent TSS and produces a sludge and a relatively clear effluent. To improve this process 2mg/L of polymer (chemical) is added. The polymer acts as a bridge between TSS particles so they grow in size and can be removed readily. Assume that all of the polymer end up in the sludge and it counts as organic solids, i. e. VSS. The chemical addition helps to remove 80% of the influent solids. The resulting sludge stream will have 6% solids and a density of 1,030 kg/m3. Calculate the mass and the of sludge produced by this plant.

Q.1)

Based on the above analysis of a water sample:

Substances Ca +2 Mg +2 Na + K+ ClSO 4 -2 CO3 -2 HCO3 a) b) c) d)

Concentration (mg/L) 23.1 16.7 2.3 3.9 ? 63.5 2.6 80.3

Find the missing concentration of chlorine Determine the pH of the water, knowing that at 25 o C the K1 = 4.47 x 10 -7 and K2 = mol/L. What is the alkalinity of this water as CaCO3 ? Estimate the concentration of dissolved solids

4.68 x 10 -11

Q.2.)A substance is decayed according to a reaction with a rate coefficient of 0.3 d1. The flow rate is 1000 m3/d. What is the steady state effluent concentration from a system that has a CM reactor of volume 900 m3 followed by a PF reactor of 600 m3? The influent concentration to the CM reactor is 520 mg/L.
CM PF

Q.4 Raw primary sludge at a solids concentration of 4% is mixed with waste activated sludge at a concentration of 0.5%. The flows are 20 and 40 gal/min, respectively. What is the resulting solids concentration? This mixture is next thickened to solids concentrations of 8% solids. What are the quantities (in gallons per minute) of the thickened sludge and thickener overflow (water) produced? Assume perfect solid capture (100%) in the thickener and all densities are equals 1000 kg/m3. Q.5). The following measurements and procedures were performed on a wastewater sample. i. A Gooch crucible containing a filter pad was dried to a constant mass of 25.439g ii. A 200 mL sample of wastewater was passed through the filter. iii. The crucible, filter pad, and removed solids were dried to a mass of 25.645 g. iv. 100 mL of the filtrate in step (ii) was placed in an evaporation dish that had been preweighed at 275.419g. v. The sample in step (iv) was evaporated to dryness and the dish and residue were weighed at 276.227 g. vi. Both the crucible from step (iii) and the evaporation dish from step (v) were placed in a muffle furnace at 5000 C for an hour. After cooling, the mass of the crucible was 25.501 g and the mass of the dish was 275.944 g. Determine the following:

a) b) c) d)

The filterable solids (mg/L The nonfilterable solids (mg/L) The organic fraction of the filterable solids (mg/L) Explain why inorganic compounds such as MgCO3 can induce an error in the measurement of volatile solids.

Poids Molculaire C- 12, Ca- 40, Cl- 35.5, H- 1, K- 39.1, Mg- 24.3, Na- 23, O- 16, S- 32.1 1. Based on the following analysis of water sample, determine: a) The alkalinity in g/m3 as CaCO3 b) The Total Carbonate and Non-carbonate hardness in g/m3 as CaCO3 c) The pH of the water if the temperature is 25oC and the water is in equilibrium with CO2 in the atmosphere (@25oC k2 =4.68x10-11 mol/L) d) The concentration of total dissolved solid Substance Ca+2 Mg+2 K+ Na+ HCO-3 ClCO-23 SO4-2 g/m3 2.0 85.0 39.1 92.0 61.0 284.0 3.0 288.0

4. Raw primary sludge at a solids concentration of 4% is mixed with waste activated sludge at a concentration of 0.5%. The flows are 20 and 40 gal/min, respectively. What is the resulting solids concentration? This mixture is next thickened to a solids concentrations of 8% solids. What are the quantities (in gallons per minute) of the thickened sludge and thickener overflow (water) produced? Assume perfect solid capture (100%) in the thickener and all densities are equals 1000 kg/m3 . Q 2 = 20 gal/min

Q 1 = 40 gal/min

Mixing

Q3=? C3=?

Thickener

Q5=? C5=0

Q4=? C 4 = 8%