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BIOSCI 107 FC
Instructions Print your name and ID at the top of each answer page. Record your answers in the spaces provided. Only answers in the specified areas will be marked. All questions should be attempted.
Short Answer Format Section B: Section C: Section D: Section E: Cell Processes Blood and Immune Systems Excitable Tissues: Neurons Excitable Tissues: Muscle 15 marks 15 marks 10 marks 10 marks
CP
15
B&I
15
ET:M
10
ET:N
10
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Figure 2
51. Please use Figure 2 to answer the following questions. On the diagram indicate whether the 4 membrane transport proteins shown are either primary active transporters, secondary active transporters or ion channels. (2 marks) (b) Fill in the blanks: (5 marks) The _____________________________ utilises the Na+ gradient to accumulate Cl- ions against its __________________________ gradient. This gradient is maintained by the active removal of _____________________ and enhanced by the recycling of _______________________ to generate a negative membrane potential. Cl- exit across the apical membrane is the ________________________ in Cl- secretion and is mediated by a channel called ________________________. To preserve ___________________ Na+ ions are pulled across the epithelium to negate the ___________________ potential established in the lumen of the gland. The resultant _______________ difference generated across the epithelium produces a nett water flow that results in a(n) ___________________ secretion.
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(a)
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Circles for use of markers only
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BIOSCI 107 FC
51. (c)
In the space provided draw and label a simple diagram that explains how cholera toxin produces secretory diarrhoea. (3 marks)
52.
Ion channels and transporters have fundamentally different properties. Complete the table by inserting yes or no to indicate whether the Na+ channel or the facilitated glucose transporter have the listed properties. The first row of the table has been completed for you. (5 marks) Property Exhibits specificity Contains ion selectivity filter Exhibits saturation Mediates passive diffusion Forms a water filled pore Exhibits gating of open probabilty Na+ Channel No Facilitated glucose transporter Yes
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BIOSCI 107 FC
(a) For each of the circles numbered from 1 to 9 in Figure 3, choose the most appropriate label from the following list. Please note that each letter may be used more than once. (9 marks) A. B. C. D. E. F. Stimulates Gives rise to Prevents Free antigens directly activate Engulfed by Secrete
Answers: 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 6. ____________ 7. ____________ Figure 3 8. ____________ 9. ____________ (1 mark) 10
(b)
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Figure 4c
2 1 3
Figure 4 Figure 4 shows diagrams representing the three stages of the life-cycle of HIV, after the infection of a T-helper cell. (a) For Figure 4A, what does label 1 point to?
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
5
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BIOSCI 107 FC
C. D. E.
Answers:
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56.
The list 1 5 shows five definitions. The list A to E shows five terms. Please match the correct terms with the correct definition. (5 marks total)
1.
The minimum level of depolarisation required for an action potential to be generated. A neurotransmitter caused hyperpolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane. Area where the action potentials arise. Time during which a neuron cannot produce an action potential even with a very strong stimulus. Period of time when a second action potential can be initiated with a very strong stimulus.
A.
2.
3. 4.
5.
E.
Axon hillock
_____________
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BIOSCI 107 FC
57.
The following summarises events during contraction of the heart. Please insert the missing word(s) or number(s) to complete the paragraph. (Total 10 marks)
In the heart, the beat is initiated by ________________ cells found in the ____________ node. The rate of discharge of these cells is controlled by the neurotransmitters ______________________ and ______________________. The neurotransmitter _________________ increases the heart rate which also __________________the force of cardiac ________________. From there, the action potential passes through the ______________________ to the __________________ node and then
down the _______________ via the bundle of __________________ to reach the ___________________ fibres that cover and enter the __________________. The ______________________ complex of the ECG reflects the _________________ of the ventricular muscle mass and the contraction phase known as_________________ and the peripheral blood pressure _________________. As the ventricular cells repolarise, the _________________ of the ECG is seen which marks the start of the _________________ period when the ventricle refills with blood. This is normally followed by a _________________ marking the start of the next heart beat.
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