Vocabulary Journal Chapter 17 The Rise of Big Business

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. What technological innovations of the late 19c transformed communications and business operations? What new methods were developed for the large-scale production of durable steel? Where were the principal American centers of steel production and ore extraction? What was the relationship between the steel industry and the railroads? What technological development profoundly changed the oil industry? Although the age of the automobile would not fully arrive until the 1920s what developments of the 1!90s and early 1900s laid the basis for the later boom? "escribe the emergence of organi#ed corporate research and its impact on American economic development$ What role did universities play in this process? %xplain the concepts of &scientific management& and &mass production$& Who were the leading pioneers of these new approaches to industry? 'ow did the railroad transform America economically and ecologically? What was the main legal principle that made buying stoc( in the modern corporation attractive to investors? %xplain the new approach to management and business organi#ation that accompanied the rise of large corporations$ What industries led in these developments? )ompare and contrast the vertical and hori#ontal integration strategies of business combinations$ Which approaches did Andrew )arnegie and *ohn "$ +oc(efeller use initially? Why did they evolve toward using both strategies? 'ow did financiers and industrialists use pools trusts and holding companies to expand their control$ What was the result of this trend toward corporate combination? "escribe how the railroad created a truly national mar(et$ %xplain the ecological changes that accompanied this transformation$ Were the advantages worth the costs? 'ow did popular culture (eep alive the &rags-to-riches& and &self-made man& hopes of the American masses? 'ow realistic were such dreams? What parts of 'oratio Alger,s message often got lost in the public,s mind at the time he wrote and later? Why was this the case? %xplain how the theories of -ocial "arwinism and classical economics complemented each other$ Who formulated those theories? 'ow did the great industrialists embody such concepts? "escribe the &alternative visions& to the business-dominated view of society$ 'ow influential were such radical voices? What were the visible symptoms that many Americans blamed on the trend toward &monopoly?& What were the two sources of the massive migration into the industrial cities of the late 19 c and early 20c? )ontrast the earlier immigrants to the .nited -tates with those who dominated after the 1!!0s$ What attracted these migrants? What tensions ensued? What happened to the standard of living of the average wor(er in the late 19 c? What physical hardships and psychological ad/ustments did many wor(ers face? Why did industry increasingly employ women and children? 'ow ere they treated? What attitudes toward wor(ing women were exhibited by many adult male wor(ers and their unions? What was the significance of the 0reat +ailroad -tri(e of 1!11? )ompare and contrast the organi#ation leadership membership 2especially the role of women3 and programs of the 4nights of 5abor and the American 6ederation of 5abor$ Why did the A65 succeed while the 4nights of 5abor disappeared by the end of the 19 c? What methods were used by business to thwart labor reforms? )ompare and contrast the 'aymar(et +iot the 'omestead -tri(e and the 7ullman -tri(e$ 8n balance what was their effect on the organi#ed labor movement? Why did labor union membership begin to decline in the late 1!90s? What factors combined to help explain why organi#ed labor remained relatively wea( before World War :?

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
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