Vargas, Chariza Joyce G.

AB Mass Communication EV

Brief History of Volleyball On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called Mintonette as a pastime to be played (preferably) indoors and by any number of players. The game took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball. Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort. The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called for a net 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) high, a 2550 ft (7.615.2 m) court, and any number of players. A match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents court. In case of a serving error, a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the point or a sideout)except in the case of the first-try serve. After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the International YMCA Training School (now called Springfield College), the game quickly became known as volleyball (it was originally spelled as two words: "volley ball"). Volleyball rules were slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the game spread around the country to various YMCAs. Volleyball Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.[1] It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964. The complete rules are extensive. But simply, play proceeds as follows: a player on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court. The rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until either (1): a team makes a kill, grounding the ball on the opponent's court and winning the rally; or (2): a team commits a fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point, and serves the ball to start the next rally. A few of the most common faults include:

causing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the opponents' court or without first passing over the net; catching and throwing the ball; double hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player; four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team;

Vargas, Chariza Joyce G. AB Mass Communication EV

net foul: touching the net during play; foot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving.

The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push (short contact) the ball with any part of the body. A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking (because these plays are made above the top of the net, the vertical jump is an athletic skill emphasized in the sport) as well as passing, setting, and specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures. Volleyball Equipment

The sport of volleyball requires the type of sporting equipment below. Products may be available to aid in the instruction of volleyball skills.

Volleyball The size of the ball should be no larger than 81 centimeters (32 inches) in circumference and weigh no more than 226 grams (8 ounces). It should be as close as possible to the regulationsize volleyball. The ball shall be spherical in shape and made of flexible leather or synthetic leather with a bladder inside made of rubber or a similar material. Its color may be a uniform light color, or a combination of colors. The inside pressure shall be 0.30- 0.32 kg/cm2 (4.26 to 4.61 psi). In Modified Team Competition a lighter weight, leather or synthetic leather, modified volleyball may be used. Court While it is recommended that a regulation 9 meter x 18 meter ( 29 feet 6 inches x 59 feet) court be used, the Special Olympics modification allows for the service line to be moved closer to the net, but no closer than 4.5 meters (14 feet 9 inches). If a regulation size court is unavailable, then modifications may be made to allow for play in a safe manner. Nets Used to separate the teams during play, men's net height of 2.43 meters (7 feet 11 5/8 inches) is used for regular and Unified Sports. Women's net height of 2.24 meters (7 feet 4 1/8 inches) is used for Women's and Modified Team Competition. The official net is 1 meter (39 inches) wide and 9.5 to 10 meters (31 feet 6 inches to 33 feet) long (with 25 to 50 cm [10 inches to 19 inches] on each side of the side bands), made of 10 cm (4 inch) square black mesh. At its top a horizontal band, 7 cm (2 inches) wide and made of two-fold white canvas, is sewn along its full length. Antennae These are vertical flexible rods attached to the opposite sides of the net at the points the net crosses the sidelines. An antenna is 1.80 meters (5 feet 11 inches) in length, and the top 80 cm (32 inches) extends above the net and is marked with 10 cm (4 inch) stripes of contrasting color, preferably red and white

Vargas, Chariza Joyce G. AB Mass Communication EV

Net Standards The posts supporting the net which are placed at a distance of .50 to 1.0 meters (20 inches to 39 inches) outside the sidelines, they are 2.55 meters (8 feet 4 inches) high and preferably adjustable. When available, pads for the posts should be used. Ball Cart/Ball Bag A device used to carry or hold volleyballs during practice or competition. Skills Volleyball play is comprised of the following basic components: passing, setting, spiking, blocking, serving, and receiving serve. Passing is the act of sending the volleyball to a setter so that he or she can, in turn, present 1) the ball to the spiker for an attack. The two primary passing methods are the bump and the dig. Setting the ball is a critical area of the overall offensive attack. If the set is poorly placed, it can dramatically lower the effectiveness of even versatile spikers, because it limits their 2) hitting options and their likelihood of hitting a kill shot for a point or sideout. Conversely, a well-delivered set gives a hitter a much better chance to avoid blocks and direct the ball strategically. Spiking is the act of driving the volleyball hard into an area of your opponent's court. The two basic power shots are the cross-court shot and the baseline shot. Once an opponent has 3) developed a healthy respect for a team's spiking power, alternative offensive shots such as tips and dinks can be employed with greater effectiveness. Blocking is the primary defensive skill used to neutralize strong spiking attacks. It involves using players' arms to form a wall in front of the spiker, thus making it more difficult for him 4) or her to hit the ball into the opposite court. When properly executed, a good block can be an effective weapon in scoring points or securing sideouts. In high-level competition, teams commonly employ more than one blocker against good spikers. Serving is a very important element of volleyball. A server who can serve the ball reliably and skillfully will help his or her team far more than will a player who, for instance, is 5) inconsistent with their serving. There are a variety of serves that are employed in competitive volleyball, from "floaters" that seem to shimmy and shake on their way over the net to harddriven jump serves. Receiving the serve is vital to success for any team. Poor reception of service puts teams hoping to get a sideout at a huge disadvantage right from the beginning. If the person 6) receiving the serve is unable to make a good pass to the setter, then the setter's task of setting a good ball to the spiker is made that much more difficult. Receiving the serve sets the tone, then, for the whole offensive sequence that follows.