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IEC 62271-200 HV Switchgear And Controlgear

Edvard

High-voltage switchgear and controlgear

Part 200: AC met al-enclosed swit chgear and cont rolgear f or rat ed volt ages above 1 kV and up t o and including 52 kV
Switchgearsare important nodal points in modern power distribution. Correspondingly important is their reliable f unctioning, a clearly def ined switching behavior according to specif ied parameters as well as the protection of personnel and protection against operational interruptions when an overload occurs. T he International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has taken up the task of developing the required specif ications, their worldwide standardization and f urther development. T he same applies to IEC 62271-200 the new standard f or medium-voltage switchgear.

Retrospective
IEC 62271-200 - HV Switc hg e ar And Co ntro lg e ar

IEC 60298 f or f our decades this abbreviation was the decisive f actor f or the type testing of metal-enclosed switchgear . In the meantime there are tens of thousands of switchgear panels of the primary and secondary distribution level based on this standard in use certif ied according to the mandatory part of the standard and, if required, according to optional tests. The passing of the following tests was obligatory in order to identify switchgear as type-tested: Dielectric test to verif y the insulation level of the switchgear (tests with rated lightning impulse withstand voltage and rated short-duration power f requency withstand voltage with the specif i ed values depending on the respective rated voltage). Temperature rise teststo verif y the current carrying capacity with rated normal currents. Peak and short-time withstand current tests to verif y the dynamic and thermal current carrying capacity of the main and earth circuits; the tests are perf ormed with rated peak short-circuit current or rated shortcircuit making current or rated shorttime current or rated short-circuit breaking current. Switching capacity test to verif y the making/breaking capacity of the installed switchgear. Mechanical function test to verif y the mechanical f unctions and interlocks. Degree of protection teststo verif y the protection against electric shock and f oreign objects. Pressure and strength teststo verif y the gas tightness and pressure resistance f or gas-f i lled switchgear. T here is also the possibility of voluntarily certif ying switchgear f or resistance to internal arc f aults and f or personal protection. Manuf acturers and operators can select the criteria which are relevant to them f rom the f ollowing six criteria and have them tested. Criterion 1: Doors and covers must not open.

Criterion 2: Parts of the switchgear must not f l y of f . Criterion 3: Holes must not develop in the external parts of the enclosure. Criterion 4: Vertical indicators must not ignite. Criterion 5: Horizontal indicators must not ignite. Criterion 6: Earth connections must remain ef f ective. In order to guarantee saf e access to the individual switchgear components, e.g.the incoming cable, without isolating the busbar, the IEC 60298 standard dif f erentiates between three types of compartmentalization that serve exclusively as protection against electric shock.

Met al-clad swit chgear

Division of the switchgear panel into f our compartments (busbar compartment, switching-device compartment, connection compartment and low-voltage compartment); partitions between the compartments made of sheet steel, f ront plate made of sheet steel or insulating material.

Compart ment ed swit chgear

Division of the switchgear panel same as f or metal-clad switchgear, but with the partitions between the individual compartments made of insulating material.

Cubicle-t ype swit chgear

All other types of construction that do not meet the above f eatures of the metal-clad or compartmented designs. In this context, access to the then common minimum-oil-content circuit-breakers f or maintenance work without longer operational interruptions was of prime importance because of the limited number of operating cycles. T heref ore, with switchgear in metalclad or compartmented design, the busbar in the busbar compartment and the incoming cable in the connection compartment could remain in operation. With a cubicletype design, the incoming cable had to be isolated, but the busbar itself could remain in operation. Top

Overview of IEC 62271-200

Although the old IEC 60298 standard was very helpf ul, in time it was superseded by the technological progress. Above all, the appearance of maintenance- f ree vacuum circuit-breakers, with operating cycles f ar exceeding the normal number, made f requent access to this circuitbreaker no longer of prime importance. T he vacuum arc-quenching principle is technologically so superior to other arc-quenching principles that the circuit-breaker can be f ixedmounted again. T his resulted in the f irst-time use of gas insulation with the important f eatures of climatic independence, compactness and maintenance-f ree design. However, both technologies the vacuum arc-quenching principle and gas insulation were not adequately taken into account in the existing standard. T heref ore, at the end of the nineties, the responsible IEC committees decided on the ref ormulation of the switchgear standard, which f inally came into ef f ect as IEC 62271200 in November 2003. At the same time the old IEC 60298 standard was withdrawn without any transition period. Four key features are of special note with the new IEC 62271-200 standard:
Sie me ns HV Switc hg e ar

1. Changed dielect ric requirement s

According to IEC 60298, two disruptive discharges were permitted in a series of 15 voltage impulses f or the test with rated lightning impulse withstand voltage. According to the new standard, the series must be extended by another f i ve voltage impulses if a disruptive discharge has occurred during the f i rst 15 impulses. T his can lead to a maximum of 25 voltage impulses, whereas the maximum number of permissible disruptive discharges is still two.

2. Increased demands on t he circuit breaker and eart hing swit ch

In contrast to the previous standard, the switching capacity test of both switching devices is no longer carried out as a pure device test. Instead, it is now mandatory to carry out the test in the corresponding switchgear panel. T he switching capacity may get a negative inf l uence f rom the dif f erent arrangement of the switchgear with contact arms, moving contacts, conductor bars, etc. For this reason, the test duties T 100s and T 100a f rom the IEC 62271-100 standard are stipulated f or the test of the circuitbreaker inside the switchgear panel.

3. New part it ion classif icat ion

T he new partition classes PM (partitions metallic = partitions and shutters made of metal) or PI (partitions nonmetallic = partitions and shutters made of insulating material) now apply with respect to the protection against electric shock during access to the individual components. T he assignment is no longer according to the constructional description (metalclad, compartmented or cubicle-type design), but according to operator-related criteria.

4. St rict er int ernal arc classif icat ion

Signif icantly stricter changes have also been implemented here. T he energy f low direction of the arc supply, the maximum number of permissible panels with the test in the end panel and the dependency of the ceiling height on the respective panel height have been redef ined. In addition, the f ive f ollowing new criteria must always be completely f ulf illed (no exceptions are permitted):

1. Covers and doors remain closed. Limited def ormations are accepted. 2. No f ragmentation of the enclosure, no projection of small parts above 60 g weight. 3. No holes in the accessible sides up to a height of 2 meters. 4. Horizontal and vertical indicators do not ignite due to the ef f ect of hot gases. 5. T he enclosure remains connected to its earthing parts. For the internal arc classif i cation of substations with and without control aisle, the testing of the substation with installed switchgear is mandatory in the new IEC 62271-202 standard. T he classif ication of the substation is only valid in combination with the switchgear used f or the test. T he classif ication cannot be transf erred to a combination with another switchgear type as each switchgear behaves dif f erently in the case of an internal arc (pressure relief equipment with dif f erent cross-sections and pickup pressures, dif f erent arcing conditions because of dif f erent conductor geometries). SOURCE:Siemens AG We are ready: IEC 62271-200