Viscosity Classifications

Dynamic viscosity Kinematic viscosity Viscosity Index (VI) ISO 3448 Viscosity classification AGMA 9005-D94 Viscosity classification for gear oils SAE J300 Automotive Viscosity classification, engine oils SAE J306 Automotive Viscosity classification, gear oils Comparative Viscosity Classifications Calculators: (Absolute) Dynamic viscosity / temperature Kinematic viscosity / temperature ASTM D341 Viscosity Index (VI) Kinematic viscosity using T @ 40C and the Viscosity Index (VI) Kinematic viscosity of a mixture of two base oils Coaxial Cylinder viscometer Cone on plate viscometer Dynamic viscosity / pressure sensitivity Dynamic viscosity [mPas = cP] The dynamic viscosity is the viscosity that relates shear stress and shear rate du/dz in a fluid, i.e. = du/dz. The viscous shear stress is proportional to the shear rate, the dynamic viscosity being the proportionality factor. So, thicker oils have a higher viscosity value causing relatively higher shear stresses at the same shear rate. Dynamic viscosities are usually measured under high shear conditions, for example, the cone on plate or cylinder viscometer in which the viscous shear torque is measured between two cylinders. With the viscosity known at two reference temperatures the viscosity can be calculated for intermediate temperatures with specific interpolation functions those from Reynolds or Vogel & Cameron. Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s = cSt] The kinematic viscosity is the quotient of the dynamic viscosity and the fluid density , =/. The physical principle of measurement is based on the rate at which a fluid flows under gravity through a capillary tube. With the viscosity known at two reference temperatures the viscosity can be calculated for intermediate temperatures using the interpolation function of Ubbelohde-Walther, which is adopted by ASTM D341.

Viscosity Index ISO 2909 / ASTM D2270-226 In many cases the temperature dependency is expressed in the Viscosity Index standardized by ISO 2909 / ASTM D2270-226. ISO 3348 Viscosity classification The ISO viscosity classification is recommended for industrial applications. The reference temperature of 40 C represents the operating temperature in machinery. Each subsequent Viscosity grade (VG) within the classification has approximately a 50% higher viscosity, whereas the minimum en maximum values of each grade ranges 10% from the mid point. For example, ISO VG 22 refers to a viscosity grade of 22 cSt 10% at 40C. The viscosity at different temperatures can be calculated using the viscosity at 40C and the viscosity index (VI), which represents the temperature dependency of the lubricant. Kinematic viscosity at 40C [mm2/s = cSt] Mid-point Minimum Maximum ISO VG 2 2.2 1.98 2.42 ISO VG 3 3.2 2.88 3.52 ISO VG 5 4.6 4.14 5.06 ISO VG 7 6.8 6.12 7.48 ISO VG 10 10 9.0 11.0 ISO VG 15 15 13.5 16.5 ISO VG 22 22 19.8 24.2 ISO VG 32 32 28.8 35.2 ISO VG 46 46 41.4 50.6 ISO VG 68 68 61.2 74.8 ISO VG 100 100* 90 110 ISO VG 150 150 135 165 ISO VG 220 220 198 242 ISO VG 320 320 288 352 ISO VG 460 460 414 506 ISO VG 680 680 612 748 ISO VG 1000 1000 900 1100 ISO VG 1500 1500 1350 1650 Any viscosity can be obtained with a mixture of two ISO VG base oils ISO 3348 Viscosity class AGMA 9005-D94 Viscosity classification for gear oils AGMA lubricant no. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7C 1) viscosity mPa.s at 40C min max 28.8 35.2 41.4 50.6 61.2 74.8 90 110 135 165 198 242 288 352 414 506 Equivalent ISO viscosity class (ISO 2448) 32 46 68 100 150 220 320 460 EP gear oils AGMA lub. no.

2 EP 3 EP 4 EP 5 EP 6 EP 7 EP

8C 1) 8AC 1)

612 900

748 1100

680 1000

8 EP 8 A EP

SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils1 SAE J300 Dec 99 The actual viscosity grade of a lubricant is determined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, for example SAE-15W40 for a multigrade oil and SAE-40 for a monograde oil. The first number (15W) refers to the viscosity grade at low temperatures (W from winter), whereas the second number (40) refers to the viscosity grade at high temperature. Automotive Lubricant Viscosity Grades1 Engine Oils SAE J 300, Dec. 1999 SAE Low Temperature Viscosities High-Temperature Viscosities Cranking2 Pumping3 Kinematic4 High Shear5 Viscosity 2 (mPa.s) (mPa.s) (mm /s) Rate (mPa.s) Grade max at temp C max at temp C at 100C at 150C, 10/s min max min 0W 6200 at -35 60 000 at -40 3.8 5W 6600 at -30 60 000 at -35 3.8 10W 7000 at -25 60 000 at -30 4.1 15W 7000 at -20 60 000 at -25 5.6 20W 9500 at -15 60 000 at -20 5.6 25W 13 000 at -10 60 000 at -15 9.3 20 5.6 <9.3 2.6 30 9.3 <12.5 2.9 40 12.5 <16.3 2.96 40 12.5 <16.3 3.77 50 16.3 <21.9 3.7 60 21.9 <26.1 3.7 1 All values are critical specifications as 4 ASTM D445 5 ASTM D4683, CEC L-36-A-90 defined by ASTM D3244 2 ASTM D5293 (ASTM D 4741) or ASTM DS481 3 ASTM D4684. Note that the presence of 6 0W-40, 5W-40 & 10W-40 grades 7 15W-40, 20W-40, 25W-40 & 40 any yield stress detectable by this method constitutes a failure regardless of viscosity. grades SAE Viscosity of Automotive Gear Oilsa SAE J306 Jan 2005 Automotive Lubricant Viscosity Grades Gear Oils Except SAE J 306, 1998 SAE Viscosity Grade 70W 75W 80W 85W 80 Maximum Temperature Minimum Viscosity for a viscosity of at (cSt) a 100C 150,000 cP (C) ASTM D 2983 -55 -40 -26 -12 -ASTM D 445 4.1 4.1 7.0 11.0 7.0 Maximum Viscosity at (cSt) a 100C ASTM D 445 ----<11.0

85 90 110 140 190 250

------3

11.0 13.5 18.5 24.0 32.5

<13.5 <18.5 <24.0 <32.5 <41.0

41.0 -The precision of ASTM D 2983 has 1 Using ASTM D 2983, additional low not been established for temperature viscosity requirements may be determinations made at appropriate for fluids intended for use in lighttemperatures below 40 C. This duty synchronized manual transmission. 2 Limit must also be met after testing in CEC fact should be taken into consideration in any producerl-45-T-93, Method C (20 hours) consumer relationship. Comparative Viscosity Classifications ISO 3348 Industrial oils 1500 1000 680 460 320 220 150 100 68 46 32 22 AGMA 9005-D94 Gear oils SAE J300 Engine oils SAE J306 Gear oils 250

8A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 20 60 50 40 30

140

90

85 W 80W

75W 15W 10W

15 5W, 10W 10 7 3 2 ISO and AGMA are specified at 40C. SAE 75w, 80w, 85, 5w, & 10w are specified at low temperature. SAE 90 to 250 and 20 to 50 are specified at 100 deg

C. Viscosities can be related horizontally assuming 96 VI single grade oils. Rule of Thumb: SUS @ 100F / 5 = cSt @ 40C.