Monabiphot Fundamental Chemistry

5. General Chemistry in Aqueous Solution 6. Chemical Kinetics E ercises !or "rainin#

General chemistry $% Flash questions& a) Class the following entities as acid or base: H2SO4, HSO4, SO42 b) What is the conjugate base of NH ! c) Write the acidit" constant of H2#O4 d) What is the $H at 2%&C of a solution for which 'OH( ) *+, - *,4 ! e) Write the solubilit" $roduct of .l2S $$% 'ea( acid What is the $H of a ,+2% / a0ueous HCN solution at 2%&C ! 1HCN: $2a ) 3+ *) $$$% )iacid What is the concentration of S2 resulting fro4 a0ueous H2S ! 1H2S: $2a* ) 5+66, $2a2 ) *4+*%) $*% Salt solution What is the $H of a ,+,*, / a0ueous NH4Cl solution at 2%&C ! 1NH47: $2a ) 3+2%) *% Solubility o! A#+r 8he solubilit" of .g9r is 4easured b" dro$wise addition of a diluted solution of .gNO in a solution of Na9r 1*,2 4ol+:*) until the for4ation of a $reci$itate 1.g9r) is obser;ed+ 8he .g7 ions re4aining in solution are then titrated b" $otentio4etr"+ What is the solubilit" $roduct 2s of .g9r, if the concentration of .g7 ions re4aining in solution is %+*,** 4ol+:* ! 1We will assu4e that '9r( is not affected b" addition of .gNO )

*$% Solubility o! ma#nesium o alate <n %,, 4: of a solution containing sodiu4 o-alate 1Na 2C2O4) at a concentration of 2+*, 4ol+:* can be added u$ to ,+4= g of 4agnesiu4 o-alate 1/gC2O4)+ What is the solubilit" $roduct of 4agnesiu4 o-alate ! Data: / 1/gC2O4) ) **2 g+4ol*, /gC2O4 dissociates into /g27 and C2O42+ Chemical (inetics *$$% Flash questions& a) Consider the reaction 2 NO9r 1g) 2 NO 1g) 7 9r2 1g), with a rate of NO for4ation of *+5-*, 4 4ol+:*+s*+ What is the rate of consu4$tion of NO9r and the rate of for4ation of 9r2 ! b) 8he reaction of a4ino acid 8"rosine with iodine obe"s the following rate law > ) ? '8"r('< 2(+ What is the order with res$ect to each reagent and the global order of the reaction ! c) <n acidic solution, saccharose 1a disaccharide) is con;erted into a 4i-ture of glucose and fructose+ <f the half@life of saccharose is 26+4 4in, how 4uch ti4e is necessar" to decrease the saccharose concentration fro4 6+, 4/ to *+, 4/ ! *$$$% ,ydrolysis o! an Al(yl Chloride .n al?"lchloride of for4ula C4H3Cl is h"drol"Aed according to this e0uation+

8he e-$eri4ent is $erfor4ed in ;er" large ;olu4e in a water@ethanol sol;ent 4i-ture+ .t different ti4es t, a sa4$le of % 4: is ta?en fro4 the reactor, and is titrated b" a sodiu4 h"dro-ide 1NaOH) solution of *+2%+*,@2 4ol+:@*+ 8he ;olu4e ;9 necessar" to neutraliAe the H7 ions for4ed during the reaction is gi;en in the following table, for each ti4e t+ 8he H 7 ions co4ing fro4 the auto$rotol"sis of water are su$$osed to be negligible+ <nitiall", onl" C 4H3Cl is $resent as a solute, and its concentration is CO+ Water is considered as a sol;ent+
Temperature = 25C t (in h) 4.0 12.0 29.5 48.5

C, ) =+5+*,@2 4ol+:@*
Temperature = 8C

;9 1in 4:)
t (in h)

+=%
35.5

*,+,
126.5

*6+3
276.5

24+

C, ) 3+4+*,@2 4ol+:@*

;9 1in 4:)

+3%

*2+2

2*+6

*) Bro4 the table, deduce the concentration of H7 corres$onding to each ti4e t+

2) Write the e-$ressions of the concentrations of C 4H3Cl and H7 as a function of ti4e, assu4ing the reaction is order * with res$ect to C4H3Cl+ ) Ce4onstrate that the reaction has a first@order rate law in res$ect to C4H3Cl at both te4$eratures+ 4) Ceter4ine the rate constants at both te4$eratures+ %) Su$$osing that the reaction obe"s the .rrhenius law, deter4ine the acti;ation energ"Ds ;alue+ $-% Michaelis Kinetics 8he h"drol"sis reaction of 4altose 1/) to glucose 1E) follows the 4odel gi;en b" /ichaelis+ <t is $erfor4ed b" enA"4atic catal"sis+

<n this 4odel, the reaction is su$$osed to occur according to the sche4e described below+ Water is the sol;ent+

8he 4a-i4u4 rate 1>) and the /ichaelis constant 124) are res$ecti;el" defined as:

V = k2 [ E ] , K m =

k * + k2 k*

8he" are e0ual to > ) *,@2 4ol+:@*+4in@*, and 24 ) +%+*,@2 4ol+:@*+ 8he initial concentration of 4altose is * 4ol+:@*+ *) Write the rate of the reaction, defined as the rate of for4ation of E+ 2) Write the rate of each ele4ental reaction 1ste$)+ ) Su$$osing that we can a$$l" the stead"@state a$$ro-i4ation to /F, write the rate law of this reaction as a function of the concentration of / and ?inetic rate constants+