Lecture Note 7

Line Integral and Plane Integral

7.1. Line integral with scalar function integran
o Definition

dx ) x ( f I

o Evaluation
If f(x) is scalar function, the evaluation of above integral will result in an area, if f(x)
is a constant, then we get a length, because dx would be a distance.
o Aplication
Integral with scalar function integran can be used to calculate area that is verticall
bounded b function and x a!e, and certain horisontal interval. If f(x) is a constant,
then the above integral can be used for e!a"ple to calculate the weight of cable
under specific unit weight #per unit length$ of the cable.
7.%. Line integral with vector function integran
7.%.1. &urve or line integral with vector function integran
o Para"etric e'uation of a line ( [ ] ) t ( z ), t ( y ), t ( x ) t ( r
o Line integral ( integral of vector ) t ( F along
) t ( r
o )or e!a"ple [ ]
3 2 1
F , F , F F and [ ] dz , dy , dx r d , with

c c
dt
dt
r d
. ) ) t ( r ( F r d . )) t ( r ( F I
c
2
1
t
t

,
_

dt )) t ( ' z . F ) t ( y . I
3
2
t
1
t
2 1
c
3 2 1
F ) t ( x . F ( ) dz F dy F dx F ( +

+ + +
Lecture Note * Dr.Ir. Lili+ E+o ,idodo, -.
7/1
7.%.%. Dependenc on path and e!a"ple of line integral
0iven ( vector ( [ ] z x , xy , z 5 ) t ( F
2
,
0ive (
#a$ ,or+ fro" A (0,0,0) to B (1,1,1) along line (
[ ] t , t , t ) t ( r
1
between 0 t 1.
#b$ wor+ fro" A (0,0,0) to B (1,1,1) along parabolic (
[ ]
2
2
t , t , t ) t ( r between 0 t 1.
Answer (
#a$
[ ]
12
37
dt 1 , 1 , 1 . ] t , dt
dt
r d
. r d . )) t ( r ( F E
3
1
0
2
1 1
t , t 5 [ )) t ( r ( F
1
0
1
c
1



#b$
[ ] [ ]
12
28
dt t 2 , 1 , 1 . dt
dt
r d
. E
1
0
5 2 2 2
2
1
0 c
2 2
t , t , t 5 ) t ( r ( F dr ). t ( r ( F


7.%.1. Independenc on path
If the integran is a gradient ( f grad )) t ( r ( F or
f
, then
) t ( f ) t ( f I
1 2
dt
dt
dr
. f dt
dt
dr
. )) t ( r ( F r d . )) t ( F ( F
2
t
1
t
2
t
1
t c



E!a"ple (
0iven ( scalar field
2 2 2
z y x ) z , y , x ( f + + with
[ ] z 2 , y 2 , x 2 f
0ive ( wor+ fro" A (0,0,0) to B (1,1,1)
#a$ Along
[ ] t , t , t ) t ( r
1

between 0 t 1
#b$ Along parabolic [ ]
2
2
t , t , t ) t ( r between 0 t 1
Answer (
#a$
[ ] [ ] 3 dt E dt 1 , 1 , 1 . t 2 , t 2 , t 2
dt
r d
. )) t ( r ( F
1
0
1
0
1
1 1


#b$ [ ] [ ] 3 dt t 2 , 1 , 1 . dt E
1
0
t 2 , t 2 , t 2
dt
r d
. )) t ( r ( F
2
1
0
2
2 2

Independec on path of a closed integral will result in 2ero value.

Lecture Note * Dr.Ir. Lili+ E+o ,idodo, -.
7/%
7.1. Plane integral with scalar function integran
7.1.1. Definition

R
dy dx ) y , x ( f I
or

R
dA ) y , x ( f I

)ig. 7.1( Plane integral
7.1.%. Evaluation
Lecture Note * Dr.Ir. Lili+ E+o ,idodo, -.
7/1
A

X
Y
R
A
!
y
!
x f

"#a$

$
I
A y x f I
$ , #
1
$ , #

X
Y
a
b
Boundary condition
a x b, g (x) y h (x)
Integration
Y
d
c
X
Boundary condition
p(y) x q(y), c y d
Integration
)ig. ( 3oundar condition of plane integral
7.1.1. Aplication
#1$ 4olu"e
)ig. 7.1( Integration to calculate volu"e of ob5ect
#%$ &enter of "ass #centroid$

R
R R
dy dx ) y , x ( f y
%
1
y
dy dx ) y , x ( f x
%
1
x dy dx ) y , x ( f %
f (x,y) & densit or unit of "ass
7.1.6. &oordinate transfor"ation
) ' , ( ( ) y , x (
) ' , ( (
) y , x (
. )) ' , ( ( y ), ' , ( ( x ( f dy dx ) y , x ( f I
I
d' d(
d(
d(
dx
)) ( ( x ( f dx ) x ( f
R R
)
a
*

Lecture Note * Dr.Ir. Lili+ E+o ,idodo, -.

7/6
+ & f (x,y) ( surface e'uation
+ & f (x,y)
,
-
dy dx ) y , x ( f I .
R

'
y
(
y
'
x
(
x
) ' , ( (
) y , x (
/

( 7acobian
E!a"ple ( coordinate transfor"ation fro" cartesian to polar
c!0
r
x
(
x
01$ r y , c!0 r x

01$ r
x
'
x
) , r ( y y ), , r ( x x

01$
r
y
(
y

c!0 r
r
y
(
y

r 01$ r c!0 r
c!0 r 01$
01$ r c!0
y
r
y
x
r
x
) , r (
) y , x (
/
2 2
+

) , r ( ) y , x (
*
d dr r ) 01$ r , c!0 r ( f dy dx ) y , x ( f
R
R
I

E!a"ple( calculate volu"e of an ob5ect in 1
st
'uadrangle (x 0, y 0, z 0)
bounded b paraboloid z & x
2
2 y
2
and clinder x
2
2 y
2
& 3
Answer ( R is solution do"ain in x, y bounded b
x
2
2 y
2
& 3 x &
2
y 3 , x & 0 and y & 0
or
{ }
( ) dy y 3 y y 3
3
1
dy dx ) y
y 3
x ( dy dx ) y x (
2
0
2 2
2
3
2
2
2
0
2
0
2
R
2 2
2
I .
2 y 0 , y 3 x 0 4 ) y , x ( R

1
1
1
]
1

+
+
+

If y & 2 01$ , then the coordinate transfor"ation of integran will be as follows (
Lecture Note * Dr.Ir. Lili+ E+o ,idodo, -.
7/8
( )
( )

+
+
+

+
+
+
+

,
_

,
_

1
]
1

1
]
1

+
2
0
2
0
2
2
0
2 2 2
2
0
2 2 2
2 2
2
0
2 3
2 d
3
3 c!0 1
2
2 c!0 1
3
15
d 2
2
01$
2
1
c!0
3
15
d c!0 01$ 2 c!0
3
15
d 01$ 3 01$ 1 . c!0
3
15
d
2
0
c!0 01$ 15
3
c!0
3
15
d c!0 2 c!0 01$ 8 c!0
3
8
.

7.6. Plane integral with vector function integran
7.6.1. 0reen9s theore" in a plane
#transfor"ation of plane integral to line integral$
[ ] [ ] ( )


c
r d . F dy dx .
) y , x ( R
2 1
F 6(r7 I , dy , dx r d , F , F F

,
_

,
_

y
F
x
F
.
y
F
x
F
.
0 F F
0
y x
8 1
. ) F x ( . F 6(r7
1 2
1 2
2 1
[ ] [ ]
( )

,
_

c
r d . F dy dx dy dx
) y , x ( R
1 2
) y , x ( R
2 1
y
F
x
F
F 6(r7 I
dy , dx r d , F , F F
.
E!a"ple ( theoretical bac+ground of plani"eter
[ ]
[ ]
( )

c
c
c
dx y dy x
2
1
A
dx y dy dx ) 1 ( 0 , y F
dy x dy dx ) 1 ( x , 0 F
R
R
Lecture Note * Dr.Ir. Lili+ E+o ,idodo, -.
7/:


)ig. 7.6( Application of 0reen9s theor" on plani"eter
Nu"erical e!a"ple of transfor"ation fro" plane integral to line integral (


)ig. 7.8( ;ransfor"asi of plane integral to line integral
&alculate a total flu! ] y 2 , y x 3 [ 9
2
in a solution do"ain on triangle line that is
bounded b ( (0,0), (1,2) and (0,2) using direct integration and 0reen9s theor".
Answer (
Direct integration( on 6
1
y & 2x dy & 2 dx
Lecture Note * Dr.Ir. Lili+ E+o ,idodo, -.
7/7
y
x
(1,2)
C
2
C
1
(0,2)
C
3
X
y
(0,0)

+ +

+
+
+ +
1
6 6 6
2 3
3
6
0
2
2
0
1
2
6
1
6
3
2
3
2
3
3
8
5 I
3 dy y 2 dy y 2 dx y x 3
3
8
dx
2
x 8 dy y 2 dx y
2
x 3
1
0
5 dx x 8 dx x 8 dy y 2 dx y x 3
0reen9s theor" (
3
2
dx ) x 8 x 8 ( dx dy x 3
dy dx x 3 dy dx . ) F . c(r7 ( I
x 3 0
y
F
x
F
. F c(r7
y 2
3
1
0
2 y
x 2 y
1
0
2 2
R
2
R
2 1 2
2
2
1
2
6
F , y x 3 F dy y 2 dx y x 3

,
_

+
Lecture Note * Dr.Ir. Lili+ E+o ,idodo, -.
7/<