Lecture Note 6

Equation of Motion and

Basics of Transport Phanomen
6.1. Trasnport phanomen with single gradient
o Fourier law ! q = -K .

T
" T # temperature
o Fic$ law ! q = -D .

C
" C # concentration %6&1'
o (arc) law ! q = -k .

H
" H # head
Transport or deformation of fluid %flow' due to energ) gradient %head' is generall)
e*pressed as !
E . K q
%6&+'
For a medium under ,&( anisotrop) with - tensor orde +" the equation of flu* of fluid
flow can .e e*pressed as !

'

1
1
1
]
1

'

z / E
y / E
x / E
zz
K K K
K K K
K K K
qz
qy
qx
yz zx
yz yy yx
xz xy xx
%6&
,a'
For a medium under ,&( anisotrop) with - tensor orde 1" the equation of flu* of fluid
flow can .e e*pressed as !
11
22
33
q1 K 0 0 E / x
q2 0 K 0 E / y
q3 0 0 K E / z



1

1
' ; ' ;
1

1
]
%6&,.'
For a medium under ,&( isotrop) with - tensor orde /" the equation of flu* of fluid flow
can .e e*pressed as !
Lecture Note 0 (r.r. Lili$ E$o 1idodo" M2
6&1
q K 0 0 E / x
q 0 K 0 E / y
q 0 0 K E / z



1

1
' ; ' ;
1

]
%6&,c'
The corresponding energ) gradient or potential field as the dri3ing force for the fluid to
flow can .e e*pressed as !
E .
z
,
y
,
x z
E
,
y
E
,
x
E
E
1
]
1

1
]
1

%6&4'
The ,&( spatial 3ariation of fluid flow in 5E6 %representati3e elementar) 3olume' is
ilustrated .elow !
Fig. 6.1! Model of transport phenomena in 5E6 with single gradient
The deri3ation of equation of considered transport phanomena is gi3en as!
qx qy qz
dq dx dy dz
x y z

+ +

%6&7'
dQ dq . dA
Lecture Note 0 (r.r. Lili$ E$o 1idodo" M2
6&+
dy .
y
qy
qy

+
dx .
x
qx
qx

+
dz .
z
qz
qz

+
dx
dz
dy
qx
qz
qy
qx qy qz
dQ dx ( dy dz ) dy( dx dz ) dz( dx dy )
x y z

+ +

qx qy qz
dQ dxdydz
x y z
_
+ +


,
[ ] dQ , , . qx,qy,qz . dv . q . dv div ( q ). dv
x y z
1

1

]
%6&6'
dQ . q . dv div . ( q ) . dv
[ ] { } ( )
[ ] { }
2
dQ . K . E . dv K . E . dv
%6&8'
Anisotropy in an ar.itrar) a*es
2 2
xx xy xz
2 2
xy yy yz
2 2
xz yz
E / x
K K K
d K K K E / y . dv
K K K
zz E / z
Q




1

1
' ;
1

1
]


%6&8a'
Anisotropy in the principle a*es
2 2
11
2 2
22
2 2
33
E / x
K
d K E / y . dv
K
E / z
0 0
Q 0 0
0 0




1


1
' ;
1

1
]


%6&8.'
Isotropy in all direction
2 2
2 2
2 2
E / x
K
d K E / y . dv
K
E / z
0 0
Q 0 0
0 0




1

1
' ;
1

]


%6&8c'
9nistrop) will alwa)s in3ol3e a coordinate %a*e' transformation
Lecture Note 0 (r.r. Lili$ E$o 1idodo" M2
6&,
)
):
*:
*
q;
d) .
)
q)
q)

+
d* .
*
q*
q*

+
q)
q*
d; .
)
q;
q;

+
d*
d;
d)
Fig. 6.+! <oordinate %a*e' transformation

'

1
1
1
]
1

'

z / E
y / E
x / E
K K K
K K K
K K K
qz
qy
qx
zz yz xz
yz yy xy
xz xy xx
%6&
8d'
11
22
33
1
q
K E / x
2
q K E / y
3 K E / z
q
0 0
0 0
0 0




1


1
' ; ' ;
1

1
]


%6&8e'
[ ] [ ] [ ]
{ }
1
2
3
T
t k t E
q
q
q



' ;

'

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

'

z / E
y / E
x / E
t t t
t t t
t t t
K K K
K K K
K K K
t t t
t t t
t t t
q
q
q
33 23 13
32 22 12
31 21 11
zz yz xz
yz yy xy
xz xy xx
33 32 31
23 22 21
13 12 11
3
2
1

%6&8f'
q K E / x
q K E / y
q K E / z
0 0
0 0
0 0



1

1
' ; ' ;
1

]
%6&8g'
dv . E . K dv . E . . K dv . ) E . K ( .
2

dv
z
E
y
E
x
E
K dv . E . K
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

,
_

%6&='
9ccording to the law of mass conser3ation" following equation is o.tained!
dv .
t
E
C dv . E . K
2

%6&>'
f flow media is isotropic" then !
t
E
C
z
E
y
E
x
E
K
2
2
2
2
2
2
i

,
_

Lecture Note 0 (r.r. Lili$ E$o 1idodo" M2

6&4
t
E
K
C
z
E
y
E
x
E
i
2
2
2
2
2
2

t
E
C E
2

%6&
1/'
f flow media is anisotropic (in principle axes)" then !
( ) ( ) ( )
t
E
C K . E
z
K . E
y
K . E
x
33 2
2
22 2
2
11 2
2

%6&11'
For thermal conduction !
2 2 2
11 22 33 2 2 2
T T T T
K K K C
x y z t

+ +

%6&1+'
For diffusion !
2 2 2
11 22 33 2 2 2
C C C C
D D D C
x y z t

+ +

%6&1,'
For groundwater flow !
2 2 2
11 22 33 2 2 2
H H H H
k k k Ss
x y z t

+ +

%6&14'
6.+. Transport Phanomen with multi&gradient
o ?radient of concentration ! Law of Fic$ ! q

= -D.

C
o ?radient of h)draulic ! Law of (arc) ! q
!
= - k.

H

%6&17'
Lecture Note 0 (r.r. Lili$ E$o 1idodo" M2
6&7
dy .
y
"y
"y

+
dx .
x
"x
"x

+
dx
dz
dy
"x
"z
Fig. 6.,! Model of transport phanomen in 5E6 with multi&gradient
o 9d3ecti3e mass transport !
dA . C . q "
! #

%6&16'
o (iffusi3e mass transport ! dA .
C
D "
d

%6&18'
o Total mass transport per unit square !

C
D C . q "
!
%6&
1='
,&( spatial 3ariation of flu* can .e e*pressed as!
dz .
z
"z
dy .
y
"y
dx .
x
"x
d"
S$

( ) ( ) ( ) dy dx dz .
z
"z
dz dx dy .
y
"y
dz dy dx .
x
"x
d"
$

dv . " . div dv . " . dxdydz

z
"z
y
"y
x
"x
d"
$

,
_

%6&1>'
5ate of change of mass in 5E6 was quantified as !
dv .
t
C
. C%&st '
$

9ccording to mass conser3ation law" it is o.tained !
$ $ $
' " D"
t
C
. C%&st " .

%6&+/'
t
C
C%&st
z
"z
y
"y
x
"x

%6&+1'
Lecture Note 0 (r.r. Lili$ E$o 1idodo" M2
6&6
dz .
z
"z
"z

+
"y
t
C
. C%&st
z
C
D zC q
z
y
C
D yC q
y x
C
D xC q
x
z !
y ! x !

,
_

,
_

+
,
_

%6&
++'
( ) ( ) ( )
t
C
. C%&st
z
C
Dz
y
C
Dy
x
C
Dx
zC q
z
C . y q
y
C . x q
x
2
2
2
2
2
2
! ! !

,
_

%6&+,'
f

'

qz
qy
qx
constant" then
t
C
C%&st
z
C
z q
y
C
y q
x
C
x q
z
C
Dz
y
C
Dy
x
C
Dx
#dv(ksi
! ! !
di)*si
2
2
2
2
2
2

,
_

,
_

%6&
+4'
Tensor of dispersi3it) +D, in equation %6&+,' is
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

33
22
11
z
y
x
D 0 0
0 D 0
0 0 D
D 0 0
0 D 0
0 0 D

Tensor of h)draulic conducti3it) +k,
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

33
22
11
z
y
x
k 0 0
0 k 0
0 0 k
k 0 0
0 k 0
0 0 k
Lecture Note 0 (r.r. Lili$ E$o 1idodo" M2
6&8