Primary Sources: Conway, Jim. Telephone interview. 13 Nov. 2013. We interviewed former Warden of Attica State Penitentiary.

His father and uncle were guards and hostages during the riot and then he took the role of warden that spring. This interview was very helpful as it gave us an insight to how the families of the hostages were affected; however, it also helped us get the view behind the mindset of the prison system and those who dedicate their lives to it. Dix, Dorothea Lynde. Prisons and Prison Discipline in the US. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Joseph Kite, 1845. Print. Although this book wasn't on the Attica Riot, it was written by a women who worked with prisoners after the riot in the 1980's. This was helpful when righting our long term affects page. Jackson, George. Blood in My Eye. New York: Random House, 1972. Print. This is a primary source from George Jackson. He wrote this book a few weeks before he died and reading his book helped us understand his viewpoint and opinions. Furthermore, it helped us understand why inmates at Attica agreed with his views and how influential his book was among inmates. Kaba, Mariame. "ATTICA PRISON UPRISING 101: A SHORT PRIMER." N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. This source contains the opinions of the guards and the prisoners as they went through the riot. This was very helpful in getting different viewpoints on the events that occurred to completely understand what happened during the riot.

The McKay Commission, 519 (1972) (testimony of Herman Schwartz). Print. This source was a testimony by Herman Schwartz who represented the prisoners in Attica. We used this source to identify the demands and proposals of the prisoners that they gave to Oswald. Nixon, and Rockefeller. Nixon-Rockefeller Phone Call. Sept. 1971. The recorded phone call between Rockefeller and President Nixon. This phone call was very helpful in obtaining information about the riot from Rockefeller's point of view. Also, through this phone call we were able to see Nixon's view of the situation and how it ended. In this way, our website was more balanced with other opinions other than just the prisoners. United States. Supreme Court. ESTELLE, CORRECTIONS DIRECTOR, ET AL. v. GAMBLE. (1976). Print. This source was a court case about the eighth amendment and helped us understand where the Supreme Court stands on the subject and if there were any certain circumstances that would change their opinions. Wicker, Tom. A Time to Die. New York: Quadrangle/New York Times Book, 1975. Print. This book was very helpful as it was written by a journalist that was part of the negotiations with the inmates. It gave us a better understanding of what the inmates wanted changed in the prison system. Also, we were able to obtain a valuable interview through his book that Governor Rockefeller had with a legal strategist. A piece of this interview is on our website, showing the amount of involvement Rockefeller had during the riot. YouTube. Perf. Pat Mahoney, Phillip Bergen, George De Vincenzi, Leon Whitey Thompson, John Banner, James Quillen, Darwin Coon. YouTube. YouTube, 23 Nov. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. This primary source gave a lot of background on Alcatraz and how they treated

their inmates. It was very useful when trying to find a basis of how prisoners were generally treated during the 1960s-1980s. Secondary Sources: Alleman, Ted, and Rosemary L. Gido. Turnstile Justice: Issues in American Corrections. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998. Print.This is a secondary source that focusses on the issues within the prison system in America. This will be helpful when dealing with the treatment of inmates. "American Experience: TV's Most-watched History Series." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.This is a secondary source based on the Attica Riot and Rockefeller's role in what happened. It is very helpful when working on historical context page. Association of Schools of Public Health. "Public Health Reports." Public Health Reports 86 (1974): 488-89. Jstor. Web. 19 Sept. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4595776>.This source was helpful in identifying how the medical care was in Attica and in prisons in general in the 1970's. Attica. Dir. Deep Dish TV. Perf. Lateef Islam, Eddie Ellis, and Bubba Hayes. Deep Dish TV, 2007. Youtube.This video contained interviews of former Attica prisoners and their experiences through the riot. We used this video in our Riot page to explain what happened and also in the long term effects page. "Attica Prison Riot." Democrat and Chronicle. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.This source was very useful as it gave some background information on the riot. "Attica Prison Riot: The Aftermath." Attica Prison Riot: The Aftermath. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.This source was very useful as it gave some background information on the riot.

Baher, Azmy. "Eighth Amendment." Center for Constitution RSS. Center for Constitutional Rights, 2012. Web. 20 Sept. 2013. <http://ccrjustice.org/staff-board>.This source was helpful in identifying the eighth amendment and what it actual means by cruel and unusual punishment as the definition changes over time. Bissonette, Jamie. When the Prisoners Ran Walpole: A True Story in the Movement for Prison Abolition. Cambridge, MA: South End, 2008. Print.This book is a secondary source however it is a true retelling of what happened and how it affected the families. Although this book focusses on Walpole it did briefly mention how Attica led to this movement. This book was especially helpful when looking at long term affects of the Riot. "BOP: Prison Types & General Information." BOP: Prison Types & General Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013.This source was very useful as a way to gain background information on the topic of prisons as a whole. The website provided by the government gave summaries about each type of prison that is in the United States. Bosworth, Mary. The U.S. Federal Prison System. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2002. Print.This book was helpful for background information on how the prison systems work and the history of jails. COLVIN, MARK. "C:MYDOCU~1ARTICLESprison.htm." C:MYDOCU~1ARTICLESprison.htm. University of Colorado, June 1982. Web. 03 Oct. 2013.This source gave us information on the prison system as a whole, generally in the United States.

Day, Ashley E. Cruel and Unusual Punishment of Female Inmates: The Need for Redress under 42 U.S.C. 1983. Sexual Assault in Women's Prisons. Santa Clara.This source was helpful in identifying additional problems in the prison systems. Dieter, Richard, and Kenneth England. "What's New." Death Penalty Information Center. Death Penalty Information Center, 2 Oct. 2013. Web. 03 Oct. 2013.This source gave us information on the death penalty and the history of it in the United States. Dunbar, Walter. California Prisoners, 1961 1962, and 1963. Rep. California: Department of Corrections, 1963. Print.This report gave us information about California conditions in prisons and their own revolts and protests. "8th Amendment." Revolutionary War and Beyond. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013.This is a secondary source surrounding the eighth amendment. It was very useful when we were trying to figure out when the prison systems crossed the line with the prisoner's rights. Ferro, Jeffrey. Prisons. New York: Facts On File, 2006. Print.This book was helpful when coming up with the role of guards and the responsibility of the state in prisons, specifically Attica. Fischer, Brian. "Lessons Learned from the Attica Tragedy." Times Union. TImes Union, 2 Oct. 2011. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.This article gave us information about the long term effects of the riot and how the prison system has changed since then. Grapes, Bryan J. Prisons. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2000. Print.This was a secondary source and although it was not focussed on the Attica Riot it gave us some background information on the Prison System. This book went through different situations pointing out the positive and negative consequences of each.

Grassian, Stuart. Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement. Rep. Washington University in St. Louis, 1983. Web. 3 Oct. 2013.This book helped us with the idea of solitary confinement and the physiological effects behind it. Gregory, George H. Alcatraz Screw: My Years as a Guard in America's Most Notorious Prison. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri, 2002. Print.This book was very useful when trying to find specific examples about certain jails to use as we progress through this project. Heaney, Frank, and Gay Machado. Inside the Walls of Alcatraz. Palo Alto, CA: Bull, 1987. Print.This book was very useful when trying to find specific examples of violations of the eighth amendment in different prison scenarios. "The Horrible Psychology of Solitary Confinement." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 08 July 0013. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.This gave us some background information on solitary confinement adn how it makes men go mad. Jackson, Jesse L., Sr., Jesse L. Jackson, Jr., and Bruce Shapiro. Legal Lynching: The Death Penalty and America's Future. New York: New, 2001. Print.This book although it does not focus on Attica does reveal some of the poor treatment and harsh (possible) violations of the eighth amendment. Kaplan, Thomas. "Decades Later, State Seeks Release of Report on Attica Uprising." New York Times. New York Times Company, 19 Apr. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.This was a very useful secondary source that we used to complete our long term effects page. It gave us different court cases that involved Attica prisoners and their violated rights. Koehler, Richard J. "HIV Infection, TB, and the Health Crisis in Corrections." HIV Infection, TB, and the Health Crisis in Corrections. Vol. 68. N.p.: American Society for Public

Administration, n.d. 31-35. JSTOR. American Society for Public Administration, 1994. Web. 26 Sept. 2013.This book gave us information about the diseases that are common in the prison systems and how the system handles them. Linder, Doug. "Cruel and Unusual Punishment under the Eighth Amendment." Cruel and Unusual Punishment under the Eighth Amendment. Exploring Constitutional Law, 2013. Web. 20 Sept. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/cruelunusual.html>.This was another source that helped us with the Rights page on our website. It talked about the eighth amendment and the history behind it. McDonald, Douglas C. Medical Care in Prisons. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1979. Jstor. Web. 3 Oct. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bpl.org/stable/1147690?seq=5&Search=yes&searchText =McDonald&searchText=Prisons&searchText=Medical&searchText=Douglas&searchText =C.&searchText=Care&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D Medical%2BCare%2Bin%2BPrisons%2Bby%2BDouglas%2BC.%2BMcDonald%26Search% 3DSearch%26gw%3Djtx%26prq%3DMedical%2BCare%2Bin%2BPrisons%26hp%3D25%2 6acc%3Don%26aori%3Da%26wc%3Don%26fc%3Doff&prevSearch=&item=1&ttl=540&re turnArticleService=showFullText&resultsServiceName=null>.This book also gave us information on the medical care in prisons in the 1970's. It was helpful to see how it changes after 1971 (the riot). Miller, Nan D. International Protection of the Rights of Prisoners: Is Solitary Confinement in the United States a Violation of International Standards. 1995. Rights of Prisoners.This

article was helpful in understanding the responsibility of the state to uphold the eighth amendment. National Geographic: Solitary Confinement. Dir. Peter Yoste. Perf. Peter Coyote. National Geographic, 2010. Netflix.This documentary was an eyeopening piece. It allowed us to gain further knowledge on Solitary Confinement and how it affects the human brain. Oberman, Michelle, and Cheryl L. Meyer. When Mothers Kill: Interviews from Prison. New York: New York UP, 2008. Print.This book is a set of interview from women who have gone to jail for killing their children. This disturbing book provides us with information on why prisoners commit such atrocious crimes. Parenti, Christian. Lockdown America. London: Verso, 2008. Print.This book helped us understand how prisons work and the differences between different ones. Pillsbury, Samuel H. Creatures, Persons, and Prisoners: Evaluating Prison Conditions under the Eighth Amendment. 1981. Eighth Amendment in Prisons.This source gave us information on the eighth amendment and how the prisons in the 1980's were different than the ones a decade previously. Pillsbury, Samuel H. Creatures, Persons, and Prisoners: Evaluating Prison Conditions under the Eighth Amendment. 1981. Eighth Amendment in Prisons.This source helped us with information about the eighth amendment in prisons contrasted to citizens not incarcerated. Rafter, Nicole Hahn, and Debra Stanley. Prisons in America: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1999. Print.This was a secondary source and although it was not focused on the Attica Riot, it was definitely helpful when trying to gain more knowledge

about prisons. This book provided us with the history of prisons in America, issues and controversies surrounding the purposes of incarceration, prison expansion and overcrowding, prisoners rights, violence in prisons, health care, and different Prison movements. "Robert Stroud - The Birdman of Alcatraz." Robert Stroud - The Birdman of Alcatraz. Ocean View Publishing Company, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013.This source although did not go directly into the project helped us get a better understand of the type of people who frequented different types of jails. Slade, Kathleen E. Attica State Correctional Facility: The Causes and Fallout of the Riot of 1971. Vol. 1. Buffalo State: Digital Commons, 2012. Ser. 3. The Exposition. Digital Commns. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.This source was helpful in creating the timeline of events that happened during the riot as well as the aftermath of the event. Sullivan, Laura. "In U.S. Prisons, Thousands Spend Years in Isolation." NPR. NPR, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013.This was very useful when trying to gain some background information on solitary confinement. Thompson, Heather Ann. "The Attica Uprising." Front Page. Solidarity, Jan.-Feb. 2007. Web. 5 Sept. 2013.This was another source that identified what happened minute by minute during the Attica riot. It helped us create the event by event timeline on our page as well. Towlson, Linda. "1971: The Attica Prison Uprising." Libcom.org. Libcom, 10 Sept. 2006. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.This information gave us information about the responsibility of the state to not abuse the prisoners.

Wagner, Michele. How Should Prisons Treat Inmates? San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2001. Print.This book helped us with background information of how prisons in modern day function. Weiss, Robert P. "The Order of Attica." Social Justice. Vol. 18. N.p.: Social Justice/Global Options, 1991. 35-47. Print.This source gave us information on what occurs inside of prisons and the parole system. "Who We Are." N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.This source was very useful as it gave some background information on the riot itself and the events that sparked the uproar. Winter, Bill. "N. M. Prison Riot: Will Shock Bring Reform?" American Bar Association Journal. Vol. 66. N.p.: American Bar Association, 1980. 432-35. Print. This source was helpful in the role of the law and government in penitentiaries across the country. Zahavi, Gerald. "Attica Revisited." Attica Revisited. Talking History, 2006. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. This source gave us information surrounding the improper procedures that the state did when retaking the prison, specifically the registration of fire arms.