Phase

Predesign
Align on Project Goals: Owner requirements, timeline, and budget Building function & program Codes and laws Study best-practices & reference designs Set qualitative and quantitative targets. Study Weather and Site: Study regional and local climate Site Map (surroundings, topo, features) Location Specific weather conditions Comfort requirements Climate (Psychometrics, Prevailing winds, Solar radiation) Ground source heat pump potential Heating hours

Conceptual Design
Explore design variations and options Study form, orientation, layout, and shading design Studies of conceptual rooms properties in relation to windows size (window to wall ratio), placement, occupancy, operation. General material assumptions Define major building & energy systems Comparison with reference buildings Initial design proposals to review by owner, community, and officials Orientation and form Heating and cooling needs (loads, program) Natural vs. active ventilation Solar heat gain vs. shading Thermal Mass vs. lightweight Shading concepts & window size Glazing properties Visibility, important views Daylight Factor

Design Development
Continue to develop best concepts Transforming concepts to proposal Conceptual materials and constructions selection Studies of the proposal as a whole building with rooms and windows placement Passive design details Optimized building proposal

Detailed Design & Documentation

From generic proposal to specific product based building design Owner approval Actual materials and construction solutions Specific products and manufacturers Active systems will be designed and specified in detail Final validation of earlier simulations Focus on constructability Final detailed drawings

Construction
Focus on detailing Site supervision/staging Prefabricate some systems

Operations & Maintenance

Comissioning

Design Activities

Insulation & thermal bridging Wind conditions near building (infiltration/air loss) Glazing properties

Detailed HVAC design Number of overheating hours Thermal comfort verification Infiltration Ventilation rates

Thermal comfort controls Thermal comfort operations

Human Comfort

Sunpath Sunlight hours Calculate daylight factor Light levels and distribution

Shading design Glare and reflections Footcandle Studies

Light fixtures and layout Daylight Autonomy (Number of hours per day)

Lighting and shading controls Lighting / shading operations

Indoor air quality requirements Prevailing winds

Natural vs. active ventilation How conceptual forms affect external airflow conditions

Preventing condensation in bldg envelope Structural IAQ measures (floor gratings, vestibules, smoking areas, etc.)

Filter ratings & sizes Ventilation rates Low VOC materials & finishes

IAQ controls IAQ operations

Design Goals & Strategies

Noise requirements Sources of noise

Conceptual form studies

Material acoustics Acoustics forms

Specify materials, surfaces Reverberation time

Wind power potential Solar PV potential Geothermal energy potential District heat potential

Semi-passive systems (solar heat collector, heat pumps)

Simulate energy needs/profile Rough design of energy systems

Energy demand documentation

Installation and integration of systems

Energy Use Monitoring Clean power/ offsets

Resource Use

Sources of water Water quantity & quality requirements

Estimate water needs (indoor and outdoor) Investigate on-site water capture and re-use Construction type (link to glazing properties)

Design water systems

Specify water systems

Water systems operation

Re-use of materials in renovations / building replacement

Embodied energy / LCA Thermal properties

Specify building product manufacturers Local available materials Low VOC materials & finishes "Red-list" materials (link to material acoustics)

Efficient construction and staging

Maintenance of materials & finishes

Uses of BIM

Sunlight and shadow studies Topographical maps Weather data

Model conceptual forms Early energy analysis Daylight simulation (form/floors) Cost models based on square meters

Simulate thermal comfort More detailed energy simulations Detailed lighting design & simulation (by room/zone) Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of heat and air flow.

Clash detection and model consistency Quantity takeoff and detailed costing Final simulations for validation and documentation

Detailed construction drawings

Update model to reflect as-built conditions Maintenance records Performance monitoring

Autodesk Software

Vasari Revit WeatherTool Ecotect Green Building Studio Simulation CFD