PART - A Answer ALL the Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Define Stress and Strain. Define modulus of rigidity.

What are the assumptions made in theory of simple bending? What is meant by point of contraflexture? Explain the term Torsional rigidity. What is the advantage of providing a hollow shaft? What is hoop stress in a spherical shell? Define: Principal Planes.

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Explain the moment area method of calculation of slope and deflection. What are the methods used to find slope and deflection at a section? PART B Answer All the Questions (5 x 12 = 60)

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An axial pull of 45 kN is applied on a steel bar of diameter 15 mm and length 3 m. Calculate the change in length, diameter and volume of the bar if the poissons ratio is 0.25. Also the find the workdone in stretching the bar. Take E=2x105 N/mm2. (or) A tensile load of 40 kN is acting on a rod of diameter 40 mm and of length 4 m. A bore of diameter 20 mm is made centre of the rod. To what the length the rod should be bored so that the total extension will increase 30% under the same tensile load. Take E=2x105 N/mm2. A beam of length 6 m is simply supported at the ends and carries a uniformly distributed load of 1.5 kNm run and two concentrated load of 2.5 kN and 3.25 kN acting at a distance 3m and 4.5 m respectively from left end. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams and determine the maximum bending moment. (or) A timber beam is freely supported on supports 6 m apart. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 12 kN/m run and a point load of 9 kN at 3.5 m from the right support. Design a suitable section of the beam making depth twice the width, if the stress in timber is not to exceed 8 N/mm2. A hollow shaft of external diameter 120 mm transmits 300 kW power at 200 rpm. Determine the maximum internal diameter if the maximum stress in the shaft is not to exceed 60 N/mm2. (or) A close coiled helical spring made of 14 mm round steel has 14 coils and mean diameter of the coils is 160 mm. The spring is subjected to an axial load of 160 N. Determine the elongation, intensity of torsional stress and strain energy per unit volume under the loaded condition. Take G=0.85x105 MPa.

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The principal stress at a point in a bar are 160 N/mm2 (tensile) and 80 N/mm2 (Compressive). Determine the resultant stress in magnitude and direction on a plane inclined at 60 to the axis of the major principal stress. Also determine the maximum intensity of shear stress in the material at the point. (or) A thin cylinder of internal diameter 1.25 m contains a fluid at an internal pressure of 2 N/mm2. Determine the maximum thickness of the cylinder if: (a) The Longitudinal stress is not to exceed 30 N/mm2 (ii) The circumferential stress is not to exceed 45 N/mm2. A beam 4 m long simply supported at its ends carries a point load 4 kN at its centre. If the slope at the ends of the beam is not to exceed 1, find the deflection at the centre of the beam. (or) A beam of length 6 m is simply supported at its end and carries two point loads of 48 kN and 40 kN at a distance of 1m and 3 respectively from the left support. Find: (i) deflection under each load (ii) maximum deflection. PART - A (10 X 2 = 20) Answer ALL the Questions Define the term modulus of rigidity. Also write the relationship between Youn gs modulus and modulus of rigidity. What do you mean by the term thermal stress? Write the sign convention for shear force and bending moment. What is called section modulus? Write its expression for a hollow circular shaft. The shearing stress in a solid shaft is not to exceed 40N/mm when the torque transmitted is 20,000Nm. Determine the minimum diameter of the shaft. What is a spring? Define stiffness of a spring. Define the term obliquity. State the condition for maximum shear stress when a member is subjected to two direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular directions accompanied by a single shear stress. Write the expression for the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam carrying UDL for the entire span. State Mohrs theorem I that forms the basis for area moment method. PART B Answer All the Questions

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(a) Draw and explain the stress-strain diagram for mild steel. (4) (b) The following data refer to a mild steel specimen tested in a laboratory. Diameter of the specimen = 25mm, length = 300mm, extension under a load of 15N = 0.045mm, load at yield point = 127.65kN, maximum load = 208.6 kN, length of the specimen after failure = 375mm, Neck diameter = 17.75mm. Determine (i) Youngs modulus, (ii) Yield point, (iii)

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ultimate stress, (iv) percentage of elongation, (v) percentage reduction in area, (vi) safe stress in a factor of safety of 2. (or) (a) A rod tapers uniformly form 30mm to 15mm diameter in a length of 300mm. If the rod be subjected to an axial load of 600N, find the extension of the rod. Take E = 2X105 N/mm2. (4) (b) Two vertical rods one of steel and the other of copper are rigidly fastened at their upper end at a horizontal distance of 200mm as shown in fig.01. The lower end supports a rigid horizontal bar which carries a load of 10 kN. Both the rods are 2.5m long and have cross sectional area of 12.5 mm2. Where should the load of 10 kN be placed on the bar so that it remains horizontal after loading? Also find the stress in each rod. Take Es = 200 GPa, Ec = 110 Gpa. Neglect bending of the cross bar.

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Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown in fig.02. Indicate the numerical values at all important sections.

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(or) (a) List the assumptions made in the theory of pure bending. (4) (b) A timber beam is freely supported on supports 6m apart. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 12 kN per meter run and a point load of 9 kN at 2.5 m from the left support. If the stress in timber is not to exceed 8 N/mm2, design a suitable section making the depth twice the width. (8) (a) List the assumption made in the theory of pure torsion. (4) (b) Find the diameter of the shaft required to transmit 60 kW at 150 rpm, if the maximum torque is likely to exceed the mean torque by 20% for a maximum permissible shear stress of 60 N/mm 2. Find also the angle of Twist for a length of 2.5m. Take C = 8X10-4N/mm2. (or) A close coiled helical spring has a stiffness of 10 N/mm. Its length when fully compressed with adjacent coils touching each other is 400 mm. The modulus of rigidity of the spring material is 8X104 N/mm2. (a) Determine the wire diameter and the mean coil diameter if their ratio = 1:10, (b) if the gap between any two coils is 2mm, what maximum load can be applied before the spring become solid? (c) What is the corresponding maximum shear stress in the spring?

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Derive an expression for the stress on an oblique section of a rectangular body, when it is subjected to direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular directions. (or) When a certain thin walled tube is subjected to internal pressure and torque, the stress in the tube wall are (a) 60 N/mm2 tensile, (b) 30 N/mm2 tensile in a direction at right angles to a, (c) complementary shear stress of 45 N/mm2 in the directions of a and b. Calculate the normal and tangential stresses on the two planes which are equally inclined to a and b. What are the results if due to an end thrust (b) is compressive and (a) and (c) being unchanged. (a) With the help of moment area method derive the expression for the slope and deflection of a simply beam carrying a uniformly distributed load for the entire span. (8) (b) A simply supported beam of 2.4m span is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 6 kN/m over the entire span. Calculate the maximum slope and deflection of the beam if its flexural rigidity is 8X1012N=mm2. (or) A beam ABC of length 9 m has one support at the left end and the other support at a distance of 6 m from the left end. The beam carries a point load of 1 kN at right end and also carries a uniformly distributed load of 4 kN/m over a length of 3m as shown in fig 03. Determine the slope and deflection at point C.

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PART - A

(10 x 2 = 20) Answer ALL the Questions

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Draw and represent stess and strain diagram for ductile materials. Give few examples for statically indeterminate beams. Define point of contra flexure in beams. What are the assumptions in theory of bending? Define torsional rigidity. Define strain energy. Define principal stresses and planes. Define hoop stresses and longitudinal stresses. What is the relation between slope, deflection and radius of curvature?

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What is the slope and maximum deflection of simply supported beam of span L carrying a point at mid span? PART B Answer All the Questions (5 x 12 = 60)

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The following data relate to a bar subjected to a tensile test Diameter of bard = 30mm Tensill load, P = 54kN Gauge length L = 300mm Extension of the bar 1 = 0.112mm Change in diameter d = 0.00366mm Calculate (a) Poissons ratio (b) The values of three modulii (or) A steel bar is placed between two copper bars, each having the same area and length as steel bar at 20C. At this stage, they are rigidly connected together at both the ends. When the temperature is raised to 320C, the length of the bars increases by 1.5mm. Determine the original length and final stresses in the bars. Take Es = 220GN/m2, Ec = 110GN/m2 s = 0.000012 per C c = 0.0000175 per C Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for a simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load of w per unit run over the whole span. (or) An I-section with rectangular ends has the following dimensions: Flanges = 10cm x 1 cm Web = 12cm x 1 cm If this section is subjected to a bending moment of 5 kNm and a shearing force of 5kN, find the maximum tensile and shear stresses included in it. A solid circular shaft transmits 75kw power at 200 r.p.m. Calculate the shaft diameter, if the twist in the shaft is not to exceed 1 in 2 metres length of shaft and shear stress is limited to 50 MN/m2. Take C = 100GN/m2. (or) For a close-coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load of 300N having 12 coils of wire diameter of 16mm, and made with coil diameter of 250mm, find: (a) Axial deflection: (b) Strain energy stored: (c) Maximum torsional shear stress in the wire: (d) Maximum shear stress using wahls correction factor Take C = 80 GN/m2 The principal tensile stresses at a point across two perpendicular planes are 120MN/m2 and 60MN/m2 find: (a) The normal and tangential stress and the resultant stress and its obliquity on a plane at 20 with the major principal plane. (b) The intensity of stress which acting alone can produce the same maximum strain. Take Poissons ratio = . (or)

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A cylindrical shell 3m long which is closed at the ends has an internal diameter of 1m and a wall thickness of 15mm. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses induced and also change in the dimensions of the shell if it is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.5MN/m2. Take E = 200GN/m2, and 1/m = 0.3 A beam AB of span 8 metres is simply supported at the ends. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 30 kN/m over its entire length and a concertrated load of 60kN at metres form the support A. Determine the maximum deflection in the beam and the location where the deflection occurs by Macaulays method. (or) What is the slope and deflection of cantilever of length L carrying uniformly distributed load w per unit run over whole length by Double integration method.

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PART - A Answer ALL the Questions 1. 2.

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Define Poissons ratio and what is the maximum value of it? A circular rod 50mm in diameter elongates, 0.1mm over a length of 500mm under a load of 45KN. What is the Youngs modulus for the material of the rod? What is point of inflection? State the assumption made in theory of simple bending. When a circular shaft is subjected to torsion, how does the shear stress vary? A close coiled helical spring having 100mm mean diameter is made of 20 turns of 10mm diameter steel rod. The spring carries an axial load of 100N. Find the shearing stress developed in the spring. Take shear modulus G=84KN/m2. What are Principal planes and Principal stresses? Calculate the thickness of the metal required for a cast iron main 800mm in diameter for water at a pressure head of 100m if the maximum permissible tensile stress is 20MN/m2 and weight of water is 10KN/m3. State Mohrs theorems. Write the expression for the deflection of a cantilever beam of length l subjected to a moment M at its free end. PART B Answer All the Questions (5 x 12 = 60)

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A 25x25 cm2 concrete column is reinforced with 4 steel rods of 12mm diameter. Determine the stress in steel and concrete, when the column is carrying a load of 40KN. Take Youngs Modulus for the steel and concrete as 210GPa and 14GPa respectively. (or)

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For a given material, Youngs modulus is 110GN/m2 and Shear modulus is 42GN/m2. Find the Bulk modulus and lateral contraction of a circular bar of 37.5 mm diameter and 2.4m long when stretched by 2.5mm under the action of external force. A simply supported beam 6m long caries a uniformly distributed load of 1.5KN/m, 2KN/m and 1 KN/m over a length of 2m, 2m and 2m from left end. Draw shear force and bending moment diagram. (or) An I section having flanges 200m x 20mm and web 400mm x 15mm is used as a beam. It at a section, it is subjected to a shear force of 150KN, find the greatest intensity of shear stress in the beam and show also the variation of shear stress across the section. Calculate the dimensions of the strongest rectangular section that can be cut out from a log of wood 25cm in diameter. Also specify the safe maximum span for the beam of rectangular section when it is to carry a uniformly distributed load of 2.5KN/m and bending stresses are limited to 10MN/m2. (or) A helical spring in which the mean diameter of the coil is 12 times the wire diameter and is to be designed to absorb 300Nm of energy with extension of 150mm. The maximum shear stress is not to exceed 140MN/m2. Determine the mean diameter of the wire and the number of turns. Also find the load with which an extension of 50mm could be produced in the spring. Take shear modulus G=80KN/m2. A rectangular block of material is subjected to a tensile stress of 100MN/m2 on one plane and a tensile stress of 50MN/m2 on a plane at right angles, together with a shear stress of 60MN/m2 on the same planes. Find the magnitude and direction of principal stresses and magnitude of greatest shear stress using Mohrs circle. (or) A cylindrical shell 90cm long 20cm internal diameter having thickness of metal as 8mm is filled with fluid at atmospheric pressure. If an additional 20cm3 of fluid is pumped into the cylinder, find pressure exerted by the fluid on the cylinder and the hoop stress induced. Take the Youngs modulus as 200GPa and Poissons ratio as 0.3. An overhanging beam ABC 8m long is supported at A and B such that AB=6m and the overhanging BC=2m. It has a point load of 3KN at the end C and a uniformly distributed load of 2KN/m run for a length of 3m at a distance of 1m from the end A. If Youngs modulus is 200 GPa and moment of inertia is 4.5x10-6m4, determine the deflection at the free end C and maximum deflection between A and B. (or) A hollow steel tube of outside diameter 240mm and thickness 25mm is used as a cantilever beam of length 2.5m. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 15KN/m run for 1.75m length from fixed end. Calculate the maximum slope and deflection of the beam using moment area method. Take Youngs modulus for the steel as 200GPa.

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PART - A (10 x 2 = 20) Answer ALL the Questions State the relationship between Youngs Modulus and Modulus of Rigidity. What you mean by thermal stresses? Define point of contra flexure. In which beam does it occur. Write the assumption in the theory of simple bending.

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Why are hollow circular shafts preferred when compared to solid circular shafts? What are the differences between closed coil and open coil helical springs? What is the radius of Mohrs circle? When will you call a cylinder as thin cylinder? What are the important methods used for finding out slope and deflection at a section in a loaded beam? Explain Macaulays method. PART B (5 x 12 = 60) Answer ALL the Questions A brass bar, having cross-sectional area of 1000 mm2, is subjected to axial forces as shown in figure. Find the total elongation of the bar. Take E = 1.05 x 105 N/mm2.

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(or) A bar of 30mm diameter is subjected to a pull of 60 kN. The measured extension on gauge length of 200mm is 0.1mm and change in diameter is 0.004 mm Calculate: (a) Youngs modulus (b) Poissons ratio and (c) Bulk modulus A simple supported beam of length 10m, carries the uniformly distributed load and two point loads as shown in Figure. Draw the S.F. and B.M. diagram for the beam. Also calculate the maximum bending moment.

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(or) A rectangular beam 300 mm deep is simply supported over a span of 4 metres. Determine the uniformly distributed load per metre which the beam may carry, if the bending stress should not exceed 120 N/mm2. Take I = 8 x 106 mm4. A hollow shaft of diameter ratio 3/8 (internal dia. To outer dia.) is to a transmit 375 kW power at 100 r.p.m. The maximum torque being 20% greater than the mean. The shear stress is not to exceed 60 N/mm2 and twist in a length of 4 m not to exceed 2. Calculate its external and internal diameters which would satisfy both the above conditions. Assume modulus of rigidity, C = 0.85 x 105 N/mm2. (or) A closely coiled helical spring made of 10mm diameter steel wire has 15 coils of 100mm mean diameter. The spring is subjected to an axial load of 100 N. Calculate: (a) the maximum shear stress induced, (b) the deflection, and (c) Stiffness of the spring. Take modulus of rigidity, C = 8.16 x 104 N/mm2.

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At a point within a body subjected to two mutually perpendicular directions, the stresses are 80N/mm2 tensile and 40 N/mm2 tensile. Each of the above stresses is accompanied by a shear stress of 60 N/mm2. Determine the normal stress, shear stress and resultant stress on an oblique plane inclined at an angle of 45 with the axis of minor tensile stress. (or) A cylindrical shell 90cm long 20 cm internal diameter having thickness of metal as 8mm is filled with fluid at atmospheric pressure. If an additional 20 cm3 of fluid is pumped into the cylinder, find (a) the pressure exerted by the fluid on the cylinder and (b) the hoop stress induced. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and = 0.3 A beam of length 6m is simply supported at its ends and carries two point loads of 48 kN and 40 kN at a distance of 1m and 3m respectively from the left support. Find: (a) deflection under each load, (b) maximum deflection, and (c) the point at which maximum deflection occurs. Given E = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and I = 85 x 106 mm4. (or) A beam of span 6m and of uniform flexural rigidity EI = 40000 kNm2 is subjected to a clockwise couple of 300 kNm at a distance of 4m from the left end. Find the deflection at the point of application of the couple. Find also maximum deflection.

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