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Act No. 3815

The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines

December 8, 1930

AN ACT REVISING THE PENAL CODE AND OTHER PENAL LAWS

Revise !enal Co e of the !hilippines "oo# $ne Articles 1% 113 "oo# Two Articles 11&%3'(

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ACT NO. 3815

AN ACT REVISING THE PENAL CODE AND OTHER PENAL LAWS (December 8, 1930)

BOOK TWO
CRIMES AND PENALTIES Ti le One CRIMES A!AINST NATIONAL SEC"RIT# AND T$E LAW O% NATIONS Cha& er One CRIMES A!AINST NATIONAL SEC"RIT# Sec ion One. ' Treason an( es&iona)e Ar . **+. Treason. ' An, &erson who- owin) alle)iance o . he "ni e( S a es or/ he !o0ernmen o1 he Phili&&ine Islan(s- no bein) a 1orei)ner- le0ies war a)ains hem or a(heres o heir enemies- )i0in) hem ai( or com1or wi hin he Phili&&ine Islan(s or elsewhere- shall be &2nishe( b, recl2sion em&oral o (ea h an( shall &a, a 1ine no o e3cee( P45-555 &esos. No &erson shall be con0ic e( o1 reason 2nless on he es imon, o1 wo wi nesses a leas o he same o0er ac or on con1ession o1 he acc2se( in o&en co2r .

Li6ewise- an alien- resi(in) in he Phili&&ine Islan(s- who commi s ac s o1 reason as (e1ine( in &ara)ra&h * o1 his Ar icle shall be &2nishe( b, &rision ma,or o (ea h an( shall &a, a 1ine no o e3cee( P45-555 &esos. .As amen(e( b, E.O. No.
++- Ma, 7*- *8+9/.

Ar . **9. Conspiracy and proposal to commit treason; Penalty. ' The cons&irac, or &ro&osal o commi he crime o1 reason shall be &2nishe( res&ec i0el,- b, &rision ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) P*5-555 &esos- an( &rision correccional an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) P9-555 &esos. Ar . **:. Misprision of treason. ' E0er, &erson owin) alle)iance o . he "ni e( S a es/ he !o0ernmen o1 he Phili&&ine Islan(s- wi ho2 bein) a 1orei)ner- an( ha0in) 6nowle()e o1 an, cons&irac, a)ains hem- conceals or (oes no (isclose an( ma6e 6nown he same- as soon as &ossible o he )o0ernor or 1iscal o1 he &ro0ince- or he ma,or or 1iscal o1 he ci , in which he resi(es- as he case ma, beshall be &2nishe( as an accessor, o he crime o1 reason. Ar . **;. Espionage. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional shall be in1lic e( 2&on an, &erson who< *. Wi ho2 a2 hori , here1or- en ers a warshi&- 1or - or na0al or mili ar, es ablishmen or reser0a ion o ob ain an, in1orma ion- &lans- &ho o)ra&hs- or o her (a a o1 a con1i(en ial na 2re rela i0e o he (e1ense o1 he Phili&&ine Archi&ela)o= or 4. Bein) in &ossession- b, reason o1 he &2blic o11ice he hol(s- o1 he ar icles- (a a- or in1orma ion re1erre( o in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&h- (iscloses heir con en s o a re&resen a i0e o1 a 1orei)n na ion. The &enal , ne3 o11en(er be hi)her in (e)ree shall be im&ose( i1 he a &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee.

Sec ion Two. ' Pro0o6in) war an( (islo,al , in case o1 war Ar . **>. Inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals . ' The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee- an( ha o1 &rision ma,or 2&on an, &ri0a e in(i0i(2al- who- b, 2nlaw12l or 2na2 hori?e( ac s &ro0o6es or )i0es occasion 1or a war in0ol0in) or liable o in0ol0e he Phili&&ine Islan(s or e3&oses %ili&ino ci i?ens o re&risals on heir &ersons or &ro&er ,.

Ar . **8. Violation of neutrality. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional shall be in1lic e( 2&on an,one who- on he occasion o1 a war in which he !o0ernmen is no in0ol0e(0iola es an, re)2la ion iss2e( b, com&e en a2 hori , 1or he &2r&ose o1 en1orcin) ne2 rali ,. Ar . *45. Correspondence with hostile country. ' An, &erson who in ime o1 war- shall ha0e corres&on(ence wi h an enem, co2n r, or erri or, occ2&ie( b, enem, roo&s shall be &2nishe(< *. B, &rision correccional- i1 he corres&on(ence has been &rohibi e( b, he !o0ernmen = 4. B, &rision ma,or- i1 s2ch corres&on(ence be carrie( on in ci&hers or con0en ional si)ns= an( 7. B, recl2sion em&oral- i1 no ice or in1orma ion be )i0en hereb, which mi)h be 2se12l o he enem,. I1 he o11en(er in en(e( o ai( he enem, b, )i0in) s2ch no ice or in1orma ion- he shall s211er he &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral o (ea h. Ar . *4*. Flight to enemy country. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or shall be in1lic e( 2&on an, &erson who- owin) alle)iance o he !o0ernmen - a em& s o 1lee or )o o an enem, co2n r, when &rohibi e( b, com&e en a2 hori ,. Sec ion Three. ' Pirac, an( m2 in, on he hi)h seas Ar . *44. Piracy in general and mutiny on the high seas. ' The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral shall be in1lic e( 2&on an, &erson who- on he hi)h seas- shall a ac6 or sei?e a 0essel or- no bein) a member o1 i s com&lemen nor a &assen)ershall sei?e he whole or &ar o1 he car)o o1 sai( 0essel- i s e@2i&men - or &ersonal belon)in)s o1 i s com&lemen or &assen)ers. The same &enal , shall be in1lic e( in case o1 m2 in, on he hi)h seas. Ar . *47. ualified piracy. ' The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral o (ea h shall be im&ose( 2&on hose who commi an, o1 he crimes re1erre( o in he &rece(in) ar icle- 2n(er an, o1 he 1ollowin) circ2ms ances<

*. Whene0er he, ha0e sei?e( a 0essel b, boar(in) or 1irin) 2&on he same= 4. Whene0er he &ira es ha0e aban(one( heir 0ic ims wi ho2 means o1 sa0in) hemsel0es= or 7. Whene0er he crime is accom&anie( b, m2r(erhomici(e- &h,sical inA2ries or ra&e. Ti le Two CRIMES A!AINST T$E %"NDAMENTAL LAWS O% T$E STATE Cha& er One ARBITRAR# DETENTION OR EBP"LSION- CIOLATION O% DWELLIN!- PRO$IBITION- INTERR"PTION- AND DISSOL"TION O% PEACE%"L MEETIN!S AND CRIMES A!AINST RELI!IO"S WORS$IP Sec ion One. ' Arbi rar, (e en ion an( e3&2lsion Ar . *4+. !r"itrary detention. ' An, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who- wi ho2 le)al )ro2n(s- (e ains a &ersonshall s211er= *. The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- i1 he (e en ion has no e3cee(e( hree (a,s= 4. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- i1 he (e en ion has con in2e( more han hree b2 no more han 1i1 een (a,s= 7. The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or- i1 he (e en ion has con in2e( 1or more han 1i1 een (a,s b2 no more han si3 mon hs= an( +. Tha o1 recl2sion em&oral- i1 ha0e e3cee(e( si3 mon hs. he (e en ion shall

The commission o1 a crime- or 0iolen insani , or an, o her ailmen re@2irin) he com&2lsor, con1inemen o1 he &a ien in a hos&i al- shall be consi(ere( le)al )ro2n(s 1or he (e en ion o1 an, &erson. Ar . *49. #elay in the delivery of detained persons to the proper $udicial authorities. ' The &enal ies &ro0i(e( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle shall be im&ose( 2&on he &2blic

o11icer or em&lo,ee who shall (e ain an, &erson 1or some le)al )ro2n( an( shall 1ail o (eli0er s2ch &erson o he &ro&er A2(icial a2 hori ies wi hin he &erio( o1= wel0e .*4/ ho2rs- 1or crimes or o11enses &2nishable b, li)h &enal iesor heir e@2i0alen = ei)h een .*>/ ho2rs- 1or crimes or o11enses &2nishable b, correc ional &enal ies- or heir e@2i0alen an( hir ,Dsi3 .7:/ ho2rs- 1or crimes- or o11enses &2nishable b, a11lic i0e or ca&i al &enal ies- or heir e@2i0alen .chan robles 0ir 2al law librar, In e0er, case- he &erson (e aine( shall be in1orme( o1 he ca2se o1 his (e en ion an( shall be allowe( 2&on his re@2es - o comm2nica e an( con1er a an, ime wi h his a orne, or co2nsel. .As amen(e( b, E.O. Nos. 98 an( 4;4- No0. ;- *8>:
an( E2l, 49- *8>;- res&ec i0el,/.

Ar . *4:. #elaying release. ' The &enal ies &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar icle *4+ shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who (ela,s 1or he &erio( o1 ime s&eci1ie( herein he &er1ormance o1 an, A2(icial or e3ec2 i0e or(er 1or he release o1 a &risoner or (e en ion &risoner- or 2n(2l, (ela,s he ser0ice o1 he no ice o1 s2ch or(er o sai( &risoner or he &rocee(in)s 2&on an, &e i ion 1or he libera ion o1 s2ch &erson. Ar . *4;. E%pulsion. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee whono bein) here2n o a2 hori?e( b, law- shall e3&el an, &erson 1rom he Phili&&ine Islan(s or shall com&el s2ch &erson o chan)e his resi(ence. Sec ion Two. ' Ciola ion o1 (omicile Ar . *4>. Violation of domicile. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who- no bein) a2 hori?e( b, A2(icial or(er- shall en er an, (wellin) a)ains he will o1 he owner hereo1- search &a&ers or o her e11ec s 1o2n( herein wi ho2 he &re0io2s consen o1 s2ch owner- or ha0in) s2rre& i io2sl, en ere( sai( (wellin)- an( bein) re@2ire( o lea0e he &remises- shall re12se o (o so. I1 he o11ense be commi e( in he ni)h D ime- or i1 an, &a&ers or e11ec s no cons i 2 in) e0i(ence o1 a crime be no re 2rne( imme(ia el, a1 er he search ma(e b, he

o11en(er- he &enal , shall be &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s. Ar . *48. &earch warrants maliciously o"tained and a"use in the service of those legally o"tained. ' In a((i ion o he liabili , a achin) o he o11en(er 1or he commission o1 an, o her o11ense- he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) P*-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who shall &roc2re a search warran wi ho2 A2s ca2se- or- ha0in) le)all, &roc2re( he same- shall e3cee( his a2 hori , or 2se 2nnecessar, se0eri , in e3ec2 in) he same. Ar . *75. &earching domicile without witnesses. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s shall be im&ose( 2&on a &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who- in cases where a search is &ro&er- shall search he (omicile- &a&ers or o her belon)in)s o1 an, &erson- in he absence o1 he la er- an, member o1 his 1amil,- or in heir (e1a2l - wi ho2 he &resence o1 wo wi nesses resi(in) in he same locali ,. Sec ion Three. ' Prohibi ion- in err2& ion an( (issol2 ion o1 &eace12l mee in)s Ar . *7*. Prohi"ition' interruption and dissolution of peaceful meetings. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who- wi ho2 le)al )ro2n(- shall &rohibi or in err2& he hol(in) o1 a &eace12l mee in)- or shall (issol0e he same. The same &enal , shall be im&ose( 2&on a &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who shall hin(er an, &erson 1rom Aoinin) an, law12l associa ion or 1rom a en(in) an, o1 i s mee in)s. The same &enal , shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who shall &rohibi or hin(er an, &erson 1rom a((ressin)- ei her alone or o)e her wi h o hers- an, &e i ion o he a2 hori ies 1or he correc ion o1 ab2ses or re(ress o1 )rie0ances. Sec ion %o2r. ' Crimes a)ains reli)io2s worshi&

Ar . *74. Interruption of religious worship. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who shall &re0en or (is 2rb he ceremonies or mani1es a ions o1 an, reli)ion. I1 he crime shall ha0e been commi e( wi h 0iolence or hrea s- he &enal , shall be &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s. Ar . *77. (ffending the religious feelings. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an,one who- in a &lace (e0o e( o reli)io2s worshi& or (2rin) he celebra ion o1 an, reli)io2s ceremon, shall &er1orm ac s no orio2sl, o11ensi0e o he 1eelin)s o1 he 1ai h12l. Ti le Three CRIMES A!AINST P"BLIC ORDER Cha& er One REBELLION- SEDITION AND DISLO#ALT# Ar . *7+. )e"ellion or insurrection; *ow committed. ' The crime o1 rebellion or ins2rrec ion is commi e( b, risin) &2blicl, an( a6in) arms a)ains he !o0ernmen 1or he &2r&ose o1 remo0in) 1rom he alle)iance o sai( !o0ernmen or i s laws- he erri or, o1 he Phili&&ine Islan(s or an, &ar hereo1- o1 an, bo(, o1 lan(- na0al or o her arme( 1orces(e&ri0in) he Chie1 E3ec2 i0e or he Le)isla 2re- wholl, or &ar iall,- o1 an, o1 heir &owers or &rero)a i0es. .As amen(e( b,
R.A. :8:>/.

Ar icle *7+DA. Coup d+etat; *ow committed. ' The crime o1 co2& (Fe a is a swi1 a ac6 accom&anie( b, 0iolencein imi(a ion- hrea - s ra e), or s eal h- (irec e( a)ains (2l, cons i 2 e( a2 hori ies o1 he Re&2blic o1 he Phili&&inesor an, mili ar, cam& or ins alla ioncomm2nica ions ne wor6- &2blic 2 ili ies or o her 1acili ies nee(e( 1or he e3ercise an( con in2e( &ossession o1 &owersin)l, or sim2l aneo2sl, carrie( o2 an,where in he Phili&&ines b, an, &erson or &ersons- belon)in) o he mili ar, or &olice or hol(in) an, &2blic o11ice o1 em&lo,men wi h or wi ho2 ci0ilian s2&&or or &ar ici&a ion 1or he

&2r&ose o1 sei?in) or (iminishin) s a e &ower.

R.A. :8:>/.

.As amen(e( b,

Ar . *79. Penalty for re"ellion' insurrection or coup d+etat. ' An, &erson who &romo es- main ains- or hea(s rebellion or ins2rrec ion shall s211er he &enal , o1 recl2sion &er&e 2a. An, &erson merel, &ar ici&a in) or e3ec2 in) he comman(s o1 o hers in a rebellion shall s211er he &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral. An, &erson who lea(s or in an, manner (irec s or comman(s o hers o 2n(er a6e a co2& (Fe a shall s211er he &enal , o1 recl2sion &er&e 2a. An, &erson in he )o0ernmen ser0ice who &ar ici&a es- or e3ec2 es (irec ions or comman(s o1 o hers in 2n(er a6in) acoup d+etat shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio(. An, &erson no in he )o0ernmen ser0ice who &ar ici&a esor in an, manner s2&&or s- 1inances- abe s or ai(s in 2n(er a6in) a coup d+etat shall s211er he &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral in i s ma3im2m &erio(. When he rebellion- ins2rrec ion- or coup d+etat shall be 2n(er he comman( o1 2n6nown lea(ers- an, &erson who in 1ac (irec e( he o hers- s&o6e 1or hem- si)ne( recei& s an( o her (oc2men s iss2e( in heir name- as &er1orme( similar ac s- on behal1 or he rebels shall be (eeme( a lea(er o1 s2ch a rebellion- ins2rrec ion- or coup d+etat. .As amen(e( b, R.A.
:8:>- a&&ro0e( on Oc ober 4+- *885/.

Ar . *7:. Conspiracy and proposal to commit coup d+etat' re"ellion or insurrection. ' The cons&irac, an( &ro&osal o commi coup d+etat shall be &2nishe( b, &rision ma,or in minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine which shall no e3cee( ei)h ho2san( &esos .P>-555.55/. The cons&irac, an( &ro&osal o commi rebellion or ins2rrec ion shall be &2nishe( res&ec i0el,- b, &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( an( a 1ine which shall no e3cee( 1i0e ho2san( &esos .P9-555.55/ an( b, &rision correccional in i s me(i2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) wo ho2san( &esos .P4-555.55/. .As amen(e( b, R.A. :8:>- a&&ro0e(
Oc ober 4+- *885/.

Ar . *7;. #isloyalty of pu"lic officers or employees. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on &2blic o11icers or em&lo,ees who ha0e 1aile( o resis a rebellion b, all he means in heir &ower- or shall con in2e o (ischar)e he (2 ies o1 heir o11ices 2n(er he con rol o1 he rebels or shall acce& a&&oin men o o11ice 2n(er hem. .Reins a e( b, E.O. No. *>;/. Ar . *7>. Inciting a re"ellion or insurrection . ' The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- wi ho2 a6in) arms or bein) in o&en hos ili , a)ains he !o0ernmen - shall inci e o hers o he e3ec2 ion o1 an, o1 he ac s s&eci1ie( in ar icle *7+ o1 his Co(e- b, means o1 s&eeches- &roclama ions- wri in)semblems- banners or o her re&resen a ions en(in) o he same en(. .Reins a e( b, E.O. No. *>;/. Ar . *78. &edition; *ow committed. ' The crime o1 se(i ion is commi e( b, &ersons who rise &2blicl, an( 2m2l 2o2sl, in or(er o a ain b, 1orce- in imi(a ion- or b, o her means o2 si(e o1 le)al me ho(s- an, o1 he 1ollowin) obAec s< *. To &re0en he &rom2l)a ion or e3ec2 ion o1 an, law or he hol(in) o1 an, &o&2lar elec ion= 4. To &re0en he Na ional !o0ernmen - or an, &ro0incial or m2nici&al )o0ernmen or an, &2blic o11icer hereo1 1rom 1reel, e3ercisin) i s or his 12nc ions- or &re0en he e3ec2 ion o1 an, a(minis ra i0e or(er= 7. To in1lic an, ac o1 ha e or re0en)e 2&on he &erson or &ro&er , o1 an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee= +. To commi - 1or an, &oli ical or social en(- an, ac o1 ha e or re0en)e a)ains &ri0a e &ersons or an, social class= an( 9. To (es&oil- 1or an, &oli ical or social en(- an, &ersonm2nici&ali , or &ro0ince- or he Na ional !o0ernmen .or he !o0ernmen o1 he "ni e( S a es/- o1 all i s &ro&er , or an, &ar hereo1. Ar . *+5. Penalty for sedition. ' The lea(er o1 a se(i ion shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision ma,or in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *5-555 &esos.

O her &ersons &ar ici&a in) herein shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 9-555 &esos. .Reins a e( b, E.O. No. *>;/. Ar . *+*. Conspiracy to commit sedition. ' Persons cons&irin) o commi he crime o1 se(i ion shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s me(i2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 4-555 &esos. .Reins a e( b, E.O. No. *>;/. Ar . *+4. Inciting to sedition. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 4-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- wi ho2 a6in) an, (irec &ar in he crime o1 se(i ion- sho2l( inci e o hers o he accom&lishmen o1 an, o1 he ac s which cons i 2 e se(i ion- b, means o1 s&eeches- &roclama ionswri in)semblemscar oonsbannersor o her re&resen a ions en(in) o he same en(- or 2&on an, &erson or &ersons who shall 2 er se(i io2s wor(s or s&eeches- wri e- &2blish- or circ2la e sc2rrilo2s libels a)ains he !o0ernmen .o1 he "ni e( S a es or he !o0ernmen o1 he Commonweal h/ o1 he Phili&&ines- or an, o1 he (2l, cons i 2 e( a2 hori ies hereo1- or which en( o (is 2rb or obs r2c an, law12l o11icer in e3ec2 in) he 12nc ions o1 his o11ice- or which en( o ins i)a e o hers o cabal an( mee o)e her 1or 2nlaw12l &2r&oses- or which s2))es or inci e rebellio2s cons&iracies or rio s- or which lea( or en( o s ir 2& he &eo&le a)ains he law12l a2 hori ies or o (is 2rb he &eace o1 he comm2ni ,- he sa1e , an( or(er o1 he !o0ernmen - or who shall 6nowin)l, conceal s2ch e0il &rac ices. .Reins a e( b, E.O. No. *>;/. Cha& er Two CRIMES A!AINST POP"LAR REPRESENTATION Sec ion One. ' Crimes a)ains le)isla i0e bo(ies an( similar bo(ies Ar . *+7. !ct tending to prevent the meeting of the !ssem"ly and similar "odies. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o 4-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- b, 1orce or 1ra2(- &re0en s he mee in) o1 he Na ional Assembl, .Con)ress o1 he Phili&&ines/ or o1 an, o1 i s commi ees or s2bcommi ees- cons i 2 ional commissions or commi ees

or (i0isions hereo1- or o1 an, &ro0incial boar( or ci , or m2nici&al co2ncil or boar(. .Reins a e( b, E.O. No. *>;/. Ar . *++. #istur"ance of proceedings. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine 1rom 455 o *-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who (is 2rbs he mee in)s o1 he Na ional Assembl, .Con)ress o1 he Phili&&ines/ or o1 an, o1 i s commi ees or s2bcommi eescons i 2 ional commissions or commi ees or (i0isions hereo1- or o1 an, &ro0incial boar( or ci , or m2nici&al co2ncil or boar(- or in he &resence o1 an, s2ch bo(ies sho2l( beha0e in s2ch manner as o in err2& i s &rocee(in)s or o im&air he res&ec (2e i . .Reins a e( b, E.O. No. *>;/. Sec ion Two. ' Ciola ion o1 &arliamen ar, imm2ni , Ar . *+9. Violation of parliamentary immunity. ' The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall 2se 1orce- in imi(a ion- hrea s- or 1ra2( o &re0en an, member o1 he Na ional Assembl, .Con)ress o1 he Phili&&ines/ 1rom a en(in) he mee in)s o1 he Assembl, .Con)ress/ or o1 an, o1 i s commi ees or s2bcommi eescons i 2 ional commissions or commi ees or (i0isions hereo1- 1rom e3&ressin) his o&inions or cas in) his 0o e= an( he &enal , o1 &rision correccional shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who shall- while he Assembl, .Con)ress/ is in re)2lar or s&ecial session- arres or search an, member hereo1- e3ce& in case s2ch member has commi e( a crime &2nishable 2n(er his Co(e b, a &enal , hi)her han &rision ma,or. Cha& er Three ILLE!AL ASSEMBLIES AND ASSOCIATIONS Ar . *+:. Illegal assem"lies. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on he or)ani?ers or lea(ers o1 an, mee in) a en(e( b, arme( &ersons 1or he &2r&ose o1 commi in) an, o1 he crimes &2nishable 2n(er his Co(e- or o1 an, mee in) in which he a2(ience is inci e( o he commission o1 he crime o1 reason- rebellion or ins2rrec ion- se(i ion or assa2l 2&on a &erson in a2 hori , or his a)en s. Persons merel, &resen a s2ch mee in) shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or- 2nless he, are arme(in which case he &enal , shall be &rision correccional. chan robles
0ir 2al law librar,

I1 an, &erson &resen a he mee in) carries an 2nlicense( 1irearm- i shall be &res2me( ha he &2r&ose o1 sai( mee in)- inso1ar as he is concerne(- is o commi ac s &2nishable 2n(er his Co(e- an( he shall be consi(ere( a lea(er or or)ani?er o1 he mee in) wi hin he &2r0iew o1 he &rece(in) &ara)ra&h. As 2se( in his ar iclehe wor( ,meeting, shall be 2n(ers oo( o incl2(e a )a herin) or )ro2&- whe her in a 1i3e( &lace or mo0in). .Reins a e( b, E.O. No. *>;/. Ar . *+;. Illegal associations. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on he 1o2n(ers- (irec ors- an( &resi(en s o1 associa ions o all, or &ar iall, or)ani?e( 1or he &2r&ose o1 commi in) an, o1 he crimes &2nishable 2n(er his Co(e or 1or some &2r&ose con rar, o &2blic morals. Mere members o1 sai( associa ions shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or. .Reins a e( b, E.O. No. *>;/. Cha& er %o2r ASSA"LT "PON- AND RESISTANCE AND DISOBEDIENCE TO- PERSONS IN A"T$ORIT# AND T$EIR A!ENTS Ar . *+>. #irect assaults. ' An, &erson or &ersons whowi ho2 a &2blic 2&risin)- shall em&lo, 1orce or in imi(a ion 1or he a ainmen o1 an, o1 he &2r&ose en2mera e( in (e1inin) he crimes o1 rebellion an( se(i ion- or shall a ac6em&lo, 1orce- or serio2sl, in imi(a e or resis an, &erson in a2 hori , or an, o1 his a)en s- while en)a)e( in he &er1ormance o1 o11icial (2 ies- or on occasion o1 s2ch &er1ormance- shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) P*-555 &esos- when he assa2l is commi e( wi h a wea&on or when he o11en(er is a &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee- or when he o11en(er la,s han(s 2&on a &erson in a2 hori ,. I1 none o1 hese circ2ms ances be &resen - he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) P955 &esos shall be im&ose(. Ar . *+8. Indirect assaults. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) P955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall ma6e 2se o1 1orce or in imi(a ion 2&on an, &erson

comin) o he ai( o1 he a2 hori ies or heir a)en s on occasion o1 he commission o1 an, o1 he crimes (e1ine( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle. Ar . *95. #iso"edience to summons issued "y the -ational !ssem"ly' its committees or su"committees' "y the Constitutional Commissions' its committees' su"committees or divisions. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom wo h2n(re( o one ho2san( &esos- or bo h s2ch 1ine an( im&risonmen shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- ha0in) been (2l, s2mmone( o a en( as a wi ness be1ore he Na ional Assembl,- .Con)ress/- i s s&ecial or s an(in) commi ees an( s2bcommi ees- he Cons i 2 ional Commissions an( i s commi eess2bcommi ees- or (i0isions- or be1ore an, commission or commi ee chairman or member a2 hori?e( o s2mmon wi nesses- re12ses- wi ho2 le)al e3c2se- o obe, s2ch s2mmons- or bein) &resen be1ore an, s2ch le)isla i0e or cons i 2 ional bo(, or o11icial- re12ses o be sworn or &lace( 2n(er a11irma ion or o answer an, le)al in@2ir, or o &ro(2ce an, boo6s- &a&ers- (oc2men s- or recor(s in his &ossession- when re@2ire( b, hem o (o so in he e3ercise o1 heir 12nc ions. The same &enal , shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall res rain ano her 1rom a en(in) as a wi ness- or who shall in(2ce (isobe(ience o a s2mmon or re12sal o be sworn b, an, s2ch bo(, or o11icial. Ar . *9*. )esistance and diso"edience to a person in authority or the agents of such person. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who no bein) incl2(e( in he &ro0isions o1 he &rece(in) ar icles shall resis or serio2sl, (isobe, an, &erson in a2 hori ,- or he a)en s o1 s2ch &erson- while en)a)e( in he &er1ormance o1 o11icial (2 ies. When he (isobe(ience o an a)en o1 a &erson in a2 hori , is no o1 a serio2s na 2re- he &enal , o1 arres o menor or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom *5 o P*55 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on he o11en(er. Ar . *94. Persons in authority and agents of persons in authority; .ho shall "e deemed as such. ' In a&&l,in) he &ro0isions o1 he &rece(in) an( o her ar icles o1 his Co(ean, &erson (irec l, 0es e( wi h A2ris(ic ion- whe her as an in(i0i(2al or as a member o1 some co2r or )o0ernmen al cor&ora ion- boar(- or commission- shall be (eeme( a

&erson in a2 hori ,. A barrio ca& ain an( a baran)a, chairman shall also be (eeme( a &erson in a2 hori ,. A &erson who- b, (irec &ro0ision o1 law or b, elec ion or b, a&&oin men b, com&e en a2 hori ,- is char)e( wi h he main enance o1 &2blic or(er an( he &ro ec ion an( sec2ri , o1 li1e an( &ro&er ,- s2ch as a barrio co2ncilman- barrio &oliceman an( baran)a, lea(er an( an, &erson who comes o he ai( o1 &ersons in a2 hori ,- shall be (eeme( an a)en o1 a &erson in a2 hori ,. In a&&l,in) he &ro0isions o1 Ar icles *+> an( *9* o1 his Co(e- eachers- &ro1essors an( &ersons char)e( wi h he s2&er0ision o1 &2blic or (2l, reco)ni?e( &ri0a e schoolscolle)es an( 2ni0ersi ies- an( law,ers in he ac 2al &er1ormance o1 heir &ro1essional (2 ies or on he occasion o1 s2ch &er1ormance- shall be (eeme( &ersons in a2 hori ,.
.As amen(e( b, PD No. 488- Se& . *8- *8;7 an( Ba as Pambansa Bl). >;7- E2ne *4*8>9/.

Cha& er %i0e P"BLIC DISORDERS Ar . *97. Tumults and other distur"ance of pu"lic orders; Tumultuous distur"ance or interruption lia"le to cause distur"ance. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall ca2se an, serio2s (is 2rbance in a &2blic &lace- o11ice- or es ablishmen - or shall in err2& or (is 2rb &2blic &er1ormances- 12nc ions or )a herin)s- or &eace12l mee in)s- i1 he ac is no incl2(e( in he &ro0isions o1 Ar icles *7* an( *74. The &enal , ne3 hi)her in (e)ree shall be im&ose( 2&on &ersons ca2sin) an, (is 2rbance or in err2& ion o1 a 2m2l 2o2s charac er. The (is 2rbance or in err2& ion shall be (eeme( o be 2m2l 2o2s i1 ca2se( b, more han hree &ersons who are arme( or &ro0i(e( wi h means o1 0iolence. The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who in an, mee in)- associa ion- or &2blic &laceshall ma6e an, o2 cr, en(in) o inci e rebellion or se(i ion

or in s2ch &lace shall (is&la, &lacar(s or emblems which &ro0o6e a (is 2rbance o1 he &2blic or(er. The &enal , o1 arres o menor an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P455 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on hese &ersons who in 0iola ion o1 he &ro0isions con aine( in he las cla2se o1 Ar icle >9shall b2r, wi h &om& he bo(, o1 a &erson who has been le)all, e3ec2 e(. Ar . *9+. /nlawful use of means of pu"lication and unlawful utterances. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine ran)in) 1rom P455 o P*-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson who b, means o1 &rin in)- li ho)ra&h,- or an, o her means o1 &2blica ion shall &2blish or ca2se o be &2blishe( as news an, 1alse news which ma, en(an)er he &2blic or(er- or ca2se (ama)e o he in eres or cre(i o1 he S a e= 4. An, &erson who b, he same means- or b, wor(s2 erances or s&eeches shall enco2ra)e (isobe(ience o he law or o he cons i 2 e( a2 hori ies or &raiseA2s i1,- or e3 ol an, ac &2nishe( b, law= 7. An, &erson who shall malicio2sl, &2blish or ca2se o be &2blishe( an, o11icial resol2 ion or (oc2men wi ho2 &ro&er a2 hori ,- or be1ore he, ha0e been &2blishe( o11iciall,= or +. An, &erson who shall &rin - &2blish- or (is rib2 e or ca2se o be &rin e(- &2blishe(- or (is rib2 e( boo6s&am&hle s- &erio(icals- or lea1le s which (o no bear he real &rin erFs name- or which are classi1ie( as anon,mo2s. Ar . *99. !larms and scandals. ' The &enal , o1 arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) P455 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson who wi hin an, own or &2blic &lace- shall (ischar)e an, 1irearm- roc6e - 1irecrac6er- or o her e3&losi0es calc2la e( o ca2se alarm or (an)er= 4. An, &erson who shall ins i)a e or a6e an ac i0e &ar in an, chari0ari or o her (isor(erl, mee in) o11ensi0e o ano her or &reA2(icial o &2blic ran@2ili ,=

7. An, &erson who- while wan(erin) abo2 a ni)h or while en)a)e( in an, o her noc 2rnal am2semen sshall (is 2rb he &2blic &eace= or +. An, &erson who- while in o3ica e( or o herwise- shall ca2se an, (is 2rbance or scan(al in &2blic &laces&ro0i(e( ha he circ2ms ances o1 he case shall no ma6e he &ro0isions o1 Ar icle *97 a&&licable. Ar . *9:. #elivery of prisoners from $ails. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall remo0e 1rom an, Aail or &enal es ablishmen an, &erson con1ine( herein or shall hel& he esca&e o1 s2ch &erson- b, means o1 0iolence- in imi(a ion- or briber,. I1 o her means are 2se(- he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or shall be im&ose(. I1 he esca&e o1 he &risoner shall a6e &lace o2 si(e o1 sai( es ablishmen s b, a6in) he )2ar(s b, s2r&rise- he same &enal ies shall be im&ose( in heir minim2m &erio(. Cha& er Si3 ECASION O% SERCICE O% SENTENCE Ar . *9;. Evasion of service of sentence. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s shall be im&ose( 2&on an, con0ic who shall e0a(e ser0ice o1 his sen ence b, esca&in) (2rin) he erm o1 his im&risonmen b, reason o1 1inal A2()men . $owe0er- i1 s2ch e0asion or esca&e shall ha0e a6en &lace b, means o1 2nlaw12l en r,- b, brea6in) (oors- win(ows- )a es- wallsroo1s- or 1loors- or b, 2sin) &ic6loc6s- 1alse 6e,s- (ecei 0iolence or in imi(a ion- or hro2)h conni0ance wi h o her con0ic s or em&lo,ees o1 he &enal ins i 2 ion- he &enal , shall be &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio(. Ar . *9>. Evasion of service of sentence on the occasion of disorder' conflagrations' earth0ua1es' or other calamities. ' A con0ic who shall e0a(e he ser0ice o1 his sen ence- b, lea0in) he &enal ins i 2 ion where he shall ha0e been con1ine(- on he occasion o1 (isor(er res2l in) 1rom a con1la)ra ion- ear h@2a6e- e3&losion- or similar ca as ro&heor (2rin) a m2 in, in which he has no &ar ici&a e(- shall s211er an increase o1 oneD1i1 h o1 he ime s ill remainin) o

be ser0e( 2n(er he ori)inal sen ence- which in no case shall e3cee( si3 mon hs- i1 he shall 1ail o )i0e himsel1 2& o he a2 hori ies wi hin 1or ,Dei)h ho2rs 1ollowin) he iss2ance o1 a &roclama ion b, he Chie1 E3ec2 i0e anno2ncin) he &assin) awa, o1 s2ch calami ,. Con0ic s who- 2n(er he circ2ms ances men ione( in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&h- shall )i0e hemsel0es 2& o he a2 hori ies wi hin he abo0e men ione( &erio( o1 +> ho2rsshall be en i le( o he (e(2c ion &ro0i(e( in Ar icle 8>. Ar . *98. (ther cases of evasion of service of sentence . ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on he con0ic who- ha0in) been )ran e( con(i ional &ar(on b, he Chie1 E3ec2 i0e- shall 0iola e an, o1 he con(i ions o1 s2ch &ar(on. $owe0er- i1 he &enal , remi e( b, he )ran in) o1 s2ch &ar(on be hi)her han si3 ,ears- he con0ic shall hen s211er he 2ne3&ire( &or ion o1 his ori)inal sen ence. Cha& er Se0en COMMISSION O% ANOT$ER CRIME D"RIN! SERCICE O% PENALT# IMPOSED %OR ANOT$ER PRECIO"S O%%ENSE Ar . *:5. Commission of another crime during service of penalty imposed for another offense; Penalty. ' Besi(es he &ro0isions o1 R2le 9 o1 Ar icle :4- an, &erson who shall commi a 1elon, a1 er ha0in) been con0ic e( b, 1inal A2()men - be1ore be)innin) o ser0e s2ch sen ence- or while ser0in) he same- shall be &2nishe( b, he ma3im2m &erio( o1 he &enal , &rescribe( b, law 1or he new 1elon,. chan robles
0ir 2al law librar,

An, con0ic o1 he class re1erre( o in his ar icle- who is no a habi 2al criminal- shall be &ar(one( a he a)e o1 se0en , ,ears i1 he shall ha0e alrea(, ser0e( o2 his ori)inal sen ence- or when he shall com&le e i a1 er reachin) he sai( a)e- 2nless b, reason o1 his con(2c or o her circ2ms ances he shall no be wor h, o1 s2ch clemenc,. Ti le %o2r CRIMES A!AINST P"BLIC INTEREST Cha& er One

%OR!ERIES Sec ion One. ' %or)in) he seal o1 he !o0ernmen o1 he Phili&&ine Islan(s- he si)na 2re or s am& o1 he Chie1 E3ec2 i0e. Ar . *:*. Counterfeiting the great seal of the 2overnment of the Philippine Islands' forging the signature or stamp of the Chief E%ecutive. ' The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall 1or)e he !rea Seal o1 he !o0ernmen o1 he Phili&&ine Islan(s or he si)na 2re or s am& o1 he Chie1 E3ec2 i0e. Ar . *:4. /sing forged signature or counterfeit seal or stamp. ' The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall 6nowin)l, ma6e 2se o1 he co2n er1ei seal or 1or)e( si)na 2re or s am& men ione( in he &rece(in) ar icle. Sec ion Two. ' Co2n er1ei in) Coins Ar . *:7. Ma1ing and importing and uttering false coins. ' An, &erson who ma6es- im&or s- or 2 ers- 1alse coins- in conni0ance wi h co2n er1ei ers- or im&or ers- shall s211er< *. Prision ma,or in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P*5-555 &esos- i1 he co2n er1ei e( coin be sil0er coin o1 he Phili&&ines or coin o1 he Cen ral Ban6 o1 he Phili&&ines o1 en cen a0o (enomina ion or abo0e. 4. Prision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( a 1ine o1 no o e3cee( P4-555 &esos- i1 he co2n er1ei e( coins be an, o1 he minor coina)e o1 he Phili&&ines or o1 he Cen ral Ban6 o1 he Phili&&ines below enDcen a0o (enomina ion. 7. Prision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P*-555 &esos- i1 he co2n er1ei e( coin be c2rrenc, o1 a 1orei)n co2n r,. .As amen(e( b, R.A. No. +454a&&ro0e( E2ne *8- *8:9/.

Ar . *:+. Mutilation of coins; Importation and utterance of mutilated coins. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P4-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall m2 ila e coins o1 he le)al c2rrenc, o1 he "ni e( S a es or o1 he Phili&&ine

Islan(s or im&or or 2 er m2 ila e( c2rren conni0ance wi h m2 ila ors or im&or ers.

coins- or in

Ar . *:9. &elling of false or mutilated coin' without connivance. ' The &erson who 6nowin)l,- al ho2)h wi ho2 he conni0ance men ione( in he &rece(in) ar icles- shall &ossess 1alse or m2 ila e( coin wi h in en o 2 er he same- or shall ac 2all, 2 er s2ch coin- shall s211er a &enal , lower b, one (e)ree han ha &rescribe( in sai( ar icles. Sec ion Three. ' %or)in) reas2r, or ban6 no es- obli)a ions an( sec2ri ies= im&or in) an( 2 erin) 1alse or 1or)e( no esobli)a ions an( sec2ri ies. Ar . *::. Forging treasury or "an1 notes on other documents paya"le to "earer; importing' and uttering such false or forged notes and documents. ' The 1or)in) or 1alsi1ica ion o1 reas2r, or ban6 no es or cer i1ica es or o her obli)a ions an( sec2ri ies &a,able o bearer an( he im&or a ion an( 2 erin) in conni0ance wi h 1or)ers or im&or ers o1 s2ch 1alse or 1or)e( obli)a ions or no es- shall be &2nishe( as 1ollows< *. B, recl2sion em&oral in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P*5-555 &esos- i1 he (oc2men which has been 1alsi1ie(- co2n er1ei e(- or al ere(- is an obli)a ions or sec2ri , o1 he "ni e( S a es or o1 he Phili&&ines Islan(s. The wor( ,o"ligation or security of the /nited &tates or of the Philippine Islands, shall be hel( o mean all bon(s- cer i1ica es o1 in(eb e(ness- na ional ban6 no es- 1rac ional no es- cer i1ica es o1 (e&osi - billschec6s- or (ra1 s 1or mone,- (rawn b, or 2&on a2 hori?e( o11icers o1 he "ni e( S a es or o1 he Phili&&ine Islan(s- an( o her re&resen a i0es o1 0al2eo1 wha e0er (enomina ion- which ha0e been or ma, be iss2e( 2n(er an, ac o1 he Con)ress o1 he "ni e( S a es or o1 he Phili&&ine Le)isla 2re. 4. B, &rision ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P9-555 &esos- i1 he 1alsi1ie( or al ere( (oc2men is a circ2la in) no e iss2e( b, an, ban6in) associa ion (2l, a2 hori?e( b, law o iss2e he same.

7. B, &rision ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P9-555 &esos- i1 he 1alsi1ie( or co2n er1ei e( (oc2men was iss2e( b, a 1orei)n )o0ernmen . +. B, &rision ma,or in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P4-555 &esos- when he 1or)e( or al ere( (oc2men is a circ2la in) no e or bill iss2e( b, a 1orei)n ban6 (2l, a2 hori?e( here1or. Ar . *:;. Counterfeiting' importing and uttering instruments not paya"le to "earer. ' An, &erson who shall 1or)e- im&or or 2 er- in conni0ance wi h he 1or)ers or im&or ers- an, ins r2men &a,able o or(er or o her (oc2men o1 cre(i no &a,able o bearer- shall s211er he &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) P:-555 &esos. Ar . *:>. Illegal possession and use of false treasury or "an1 notes and other instruments of credit. ' "nless he ac be one o1 hose comin) 2n(er he &ro0isions o1 an, o1 he &rece(in) ar icles- an, &erson who shall 6nowin)l, 2se or ha0e in his &ossession- wi h in en o 2se an, o1 he 1alse or 1alsi1ie( ins r2men s re1erre( o in his sec ion- shall s211er he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree han ha &rescribe( in sai( ar icles. Ar . *:8. *ow forgery is committed. ' The 1or)er, re1erre( o in his sec ion ma, be commi e( b, an, o1 he 1ollowin) means< *. B, )i0in) o a reas2r, or ban6 no e or an, ins r2men - &a,able o bearer or or(er men ione( herein- he a&&earance o1 a r2e )en2ine (oc2men . 4. B, erasin)- s2bs i 2 in)- co2n er1ei in) or al erin) b, an, means he 1i)2res- le ers- wor(s or si)ns con aine( herein. Sec ion %o2r. ' %alsi1ica ion o1 le)isla i0e- &2bliccommercial- an( &ri0a e(oc2men s- an( wireless- ele)ra&han( ele&hone messa)e. Ar . *;5. Falsification of legislative documents. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) P:-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- wi ho2 &ro&er a2 hori , here1or al ers an, bill- resol2 ion- or or(inance enac e( or a&&ro0e( or &en(in)

a&&ro0al b, ei her $o2se o1 he Le)isla 2re or an, &ro0incial boar( or m2nici&al co2ncil. Ar . *;*. Falsification "y pu"lic officer' employee or notary or ecclesiastic minister. ' The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P9-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer- em&lo,ee- or no ar, who- a6in) a(0an a)e o1 his o11icial &osi ion- shall 1alsi1, a (oc2men b, commi in) an, o1 he 1ollowin) ac s< *. Co2n er1ei in) si)na 2re or r2bric= or imi a in) an, han(wri in)-

4. Ca2sin) i o a&&ear ha &ersons ha0e &ar ici&a e( in an, ac or &rocee(in) when he, (i( no in 1ac so &ar ici&a e= 7. A rib2 in) o &ersons who ha0e &ar ici&a e( in an ac or &rocee(in) s a emen s o her han hose in 1ac ma(e b, hem= +. Ma6in) 2n r2 h12l s a emen s in a narra ion o1 1ac s= 9. Al erin) r2e (a es= :. Ma6in) an, al era ion or in ercala ion in a )en2ine (oc2men which chan)es i s meanin)= ;. Iss2in) in an a2 hen ica e( 1orm a (oc2men &2r&or in) o be a co&, o1 an ori)inal (oc2men when no s2ch ori)inal e3is s- or incl2(in) in s2ch a co&, a s a emen con rar, o- or (i11eren 1rom- ha o1 he )en2ine ori)inal= or >. In ercala in) an, ins r2men or no e rela i0e o he iss2ance hereo1 in a &ro ocol- re)is r,- or o11icial boo6. The same &enal , shall be im&ose( 2&on an, ecclesias ical minis er who shall commi an, o1 he o11enses en2mera e( in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&hs o1 his ar icle- wi h res&ec o an, recor( or (oc2men o1 s2ch charac er ha i s 1alsi1ica ion ma, a11ec he ci0il s a 2s o1 &ersons. Ar . *;4. Falsification "y private individual and use of falsified documents. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( a 1ine o1 no more han P9-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on<

*. An, &ri0a e in(i0i(2al who shall commi an, o1 he 1alsi1ica ions en2mera e( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle in an, &2blic or o11icial (oc2men or le er o1 e3chan)e or an, o her 6in( o1 commercial (oc2men = an( 4. An, &erson who- o he (ama)e o1 a hir( &ar ,- or wi h he in en o ca2se s2ch (ama)e- shall in an, &ri0a e (oc2men commi an, o1 he ac s o1 1alsi1ica ion en2mera e( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle. An, &erson who shall 6nowin)l, in ro(2ce in e0i(ence in an, A2(icial &rocee(in) or o he (ama)e o1 ano her or who- wi h he in en o ca2se s2ch (ama)e- shall 2se an, o1 he 1alse (oc2men s embrace( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle- or in an, o1 he 1ore)oin) s2b(i0isions o1 his ar icle- shall be &2nishe( b, he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree. Ar . *;7. Falsification of wireless' ca"le' telegraph and telephone messages' and use of said falsified messages. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s shall be im&ose( 2&on o11icer or em&lo,ee o1 he !o0ernmen or o1 an, &ri0a e cor&ora ion or concern en)a)e( in he ser0ice o1 sen(in) or recei0in) wirelesscable or ele&hone messa)e who 2 ers a 1ic i io2s wirelessele)ra&h or ele&hone messa)e o1 an, s,s em or 1alsi1ies he same. An, &erson who shall 2se s2ch 1alsi1ie( (is&a ch o he &reA2(ice o1 a hir( &ar , or wi h he in en o1 ca2se s2ch &reA2(ice- shall s211er he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree. Sec ion %i0e. ' %alsi1ica ion o1 me(ical cer i1ica escer i1ica es o1 meri or ser0ices an( he li6e. Ar . *;+. False medical certificates' false certificates of merits or service' etc. ' The &enal ies o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P*-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &h,sician or s2r)eon who- in connec ion- wi h he &rac ice o1 his &ro1ession- shall iss2e a 1alse cer i1ica e= an( 4. An, &2blic o11icer who shall iss2e a 1alse cer i1ica e o1 meri o1 ser0ice- )oo( con(2c or similar circ2ms ances.

The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &ri0a e &erson who shall 1alsi1, a cer i1ica e 1allin) wi hin he classes men ione( in he wo &rece(in) s2b(i0isions. Ar . *;9. /sing false certificates. ' The &enal , o1 arres o menor shall be im&ose( 2&on an, one who shall 6nowin)l, 2se an, o1 he 1alse cer i1ica es men ione( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle. Sec ion Si3. ' Man21ac 2rin)- im&or in) an( &ossession o1 ins r2men s or im&lemen s in en(e( 1or he commission o1 1alsi1ica ion. Ar . *;:. Manufacturing and possession of instruments or implements for falsification. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no o e3cee( P*5-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall ma6e or in ro(2ce in o he Phili&&ine Islan(s an, s am&s- (ies- mar6s- or o her ins r2men s or im&lemen s in en(e( o be 2se( in he commission o1 he o11enses o1 co2n er1ei in) or 1alsi1ica ion men ione( in he &rece(in) sec ions o1 his Cha& er.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar, An, &erson who- wi h he in en ion o1 2sin) hem- shall ha0e in his &ossession an, o1 he ins r2men s or im&lemen s men ione( in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&hs- shall s211er he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree han ha &ro0i(e( herein. Cha& er Two OT$ER %ALSI%ICATIONS Sec. One. ' "s2r&a ion o1 a2 hori ,- ran6- i le- an( im&ro&er 2se o1 names- 2ni1orms an( insi)nia. Ar . *;;. /surpation of authority or official functions. ' An, &erson who shall 6nowin)l, an( 1alsel, re&resen himsel1 o be an o11icer- a)en or re&resen a i0e o1 an, (e&ar men or a)enc, o1 he Phili&&ine !o0ernmen or o1 an, 1orei)n )o0ernmen - or who- 2n(er &re ense o1 o11icial &osi ionshall &er1orm an, ac &er ainin) o an, &erson in a2 hori , or &2blic o11icer o1 he Phili&&ine !o0ernmen or an, 1orei)n )o0ernmen - or an, a)enc, hereo1- wi ho2 bein) law12ll, en i le( o (o so- shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s.

Ar . *;>. /sing fictitious name and concealing true name. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no o e3cee( 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall &2blicl, 2se a 1ic i io2s name 1or he &2r&ose o1 concealin) a crimee0a(in) he e3ec2 ion o1 a A2()men or ca2sin) (ama)e. An, &erson who conceals his r2e name an( o her &ersonal circ2ms ances shall be &2nishe( b, arres o menor or a 1ine no o e3cee( 455 &esos. Ar . *;8. Illegal use of uniforms or insignia. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall &2blicl, an( im&ro&erl, ma6e 2se o1 insi)nia- 2ni1orms or (ress &er ainin) o an o11ice no hel( b, s2ch &erson or o a class o1 &ersons o1 which he is no a member. Sec ion Two. ' %alse es imon, Ar . *>5. False testimony against a defendant. ' An, &erson who shall )i0e 1alse es imon, a)ains he (e1en(an in an, criminal case shall s211er< *. The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral- i1 he (e1en(an in sai( case shall ha0e been sen ence( o (ea h= 4. The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or- i1 he (e1en(an shall ha0e been sen ence( o recl2sion em&oral or recl2sion &er&e 2a= 7. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional- i1 he (e1en(an shall ha0e been sen ence( o an, o her a11lic i0e &enal ,= an( +. The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or- i1 he (e1en(an shall ha0e been sen ence( o a correc ional &enal , or a 1ineor shall ha0e been ac@2i e(. In cases &ro0i(e( in s2b(i0isions 7 an( + o1 his ar icle he o11en(er shall 12r her s211er a 1ine no o e3cee( *-555 &esos. Ar . *>*. False testimony favora"le to the defendants. ' An, &erson who shall )i0e 1alse es imon, in 1a0or o1 he (e1en(an in a criminal case- shall s211er he &enal ies o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( a 1ine no o e3cee( *-555 &esos- i1

he &rosec2 ion is 1or a 1elon, &2nishable b, an a11lic i0e &enal ,- an( he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in an, o her case. Ar . *>4. False testimony in civil cases. ' An, &erson 1o2n( )2il , o1 1alse es imon, in a ci0il case shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no o e3cee( :-555 &esos- i1 he amo2n in con ro0ers, shall e3cee( 9-555 &esos- an( he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no o e3cee( *-555 &esos- i1 he amo2n in con ro0ers, shall no e3cee( sai( amo2n or canno be es ima e(. Ar . *>7. False testimony in other cases and per$ury in solemn affirmation. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson- who 6nowin)l, ma6es 2n r2 h12l s a emen s an( no bein) incl2(e( in he &ro0isions o1 he ne3 &rece(in) ar icles- shall es i1, 2n(er oa h- or ma6e an a11i(a0i - 2&on an, ma erial ma er be1ore a com&e en &erson a2 hori?e( o a(minis er an oa h in cases in which he law so re@2ires. An, &erson who- in case o1 a solemn a11irma ion ma(e in lie2 o1 an oa h- shall commi an, o1 he 1alsehoo(s men ione( in his an( he hree &rece(in) ar icles o1 his sec ion- shall s211er he res&ec i0e &enal ies &ro0i(e( herein. Ar . *>+. (ffering false testimony in evidence. ' An, &erson who shall 6nowin)l, o11er in e0i(ence a 1alse wi ness or es imon, in an, A2(icial or o11icial &rocee(in)- shall be &2nishe( as )2il , o1 1alse es imon, an( shall s211er he res&ec i0e &enal ies &ro0i(e( in his sec ion. Cha& er Three %RA"DS Sec ion One. ' Machina ions- mono&olies an( combina ions Ar . *>9. Machinations in pu"lic auctions. ' An, &erson who shall solici an, )i1 or &romise as a consi(era ion 1or re1rainin) 1rom a6in) &ar in an, &2blic a2c ion- an( an, &erson who shall a em& o ca2se bi((ers o s a, awa, 1rom an a2c ion b, hrea s- )i1 s- &romises- or an, o her ar i1ice- wi h in en o ca2se he re(2c ion o1 he &rice o1 he

hin) a2c ione(- shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine ran)in) 1rom *5 o 95 &er cen 2m o1 he 0al2e o1 he hin) a2c ione(. Ar . *>:. Monopolies and com"inations in restraint of trade. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o :-555 &esos- or bo hshall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson who shall en er in o an, con rac a)reemen or shall a6e &ar in an, cons&irac, combina ion in he 1orm o1 a r2s or o herwiseres rain o1 ra(e or commerce or o &re0en ar i1icial means 1ree com&e i ion in he mar6e = or or in b,

4. An, &erson who shall mono&oli?e an, merchan(ise or obAec o1 ra(e or commerce- or shall combine wi h an, o her &erson or &ersons o mono&oli?e an( merchan(ise or obAec in or(er o al er he &rice hereo1 b, s&rea(in) 1alse r2mors or ma6in) 2se o1 an, o her ar icle o res rain 1ree com&e i ion in he mar6e = 7. An, &erson who- bein) a man21ac 2rer- &ro(2cer- or &rocessor o1 an, merchan(ise or obAec o1 commerce or an im&or er o1 an, merchan(ise or obAec o1 commerce 1rom an, 1orei)n co2n r,- ei her as &rinci&al or a)en wholesaler or re ailer- shall combine- cons&ire or a)ree in an, manner wi h an, &erson li6ewise en)a)e( in he man21ac 2re- &ro(2c ion- &rocessin)- assemblin) or im&or a ion o1 s2ch merchan(ise or obAec o1 commerce or wi h an, o her &ersons no so similarl, en)a)e( 1or he &2r&ose o1 ma6in) ransac ions &reA2(icial o law12l commerce- or o1 increasin) he mar6e &rice in an, &ar o1 he Phili&&ines- o1 an, s2ch merchan(ise or obAec o1 commerce man21ac 2re(&ro(2ce(&rocesse(assemble( in or im&or e( in o he Phili&&ines- or o1 an, ar icle in he man21ac 2re o1 which s2ch man21ac 2re(&ro(2ce(- or im&or e( merchan(ise or obAec o1 commerce is 2se(. I1 he o11ense men ione( in his ar icle a11ec s an, 1oo( s2bs ance- mo or 12el or l2brican s- or o her ar icles o1 &rime necessi ,- he &enal , shall be ha o1 &rision ma,or in i s ma3im2m an( me(i2m &erio(s i bein) s211icien 1or he im&osi ion hereo1 ha he ini ial s e&s ha0e been a6en owar( carr,in) o2 he &2r&oses o1 he combina ion.

An, &ro&er , &ossesse( 2n(er an, con rac or b, an, combina ion men ione( in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&hs- an( bein) he s2bAec hereo1- shall be 1or1ei e( o he !o0ernmen o1 he Phili&&ines. Whene0er an, o1 he o11enses (escribe( abo0e is commi e( b, a cor&ora ion or associa ion- he &resi(en an( each one o1 i s a)en s or re&resen a i0es in he Phili&&ines in case o1 a 1orei)n cor&ora ion or associa ion- who shall ha0e 6nowin)l, &ermi e( or 1aile( o &re0en he commission o1 s2ch o11ense- shall be hel( liable as &rinci&als hereo1. Sec ion Two. ' %ra2(s in commerce an( in(2s r, Ar . *>;. Importation and disposition of falsely mar1ed articles or merchandise made of gold' silver' or other precious metals or their alloys. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o *-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( on an, &erson who shall 6nowin)l, im&or or sell or (is&ose o1 an, ar icle or merchan(ise ma(e o1 )ol(- sil0er- or o her &recio2s me als- or heir allo,s- wi h s am&s- bran(s- or mar6s which 1ail o in(ica e he ac 2al 1ineness or @2ali , o1 sai( me als or allo,s. An, s am&- bran(- label- or mar6 shall be (eeme( o 1ail o in(ica e he ac 2al 1ineness o1 he ar icle on which i is en)ra0e(- &rin e(- s am&e(- labele( or a ache(- when he res o1 he ar icle shows ha he @2ali , or 1ineness hereo1 is less b, more han oneDhal1 6ara - i1 ma(e o1 )ol(- an( less b, more han 1o2r oneD ho2san( h- i1 ma(e o1 sil0er- han wha is shown b, sai( s am&- bran(- label or mar6. B2 in case o1 wa ch cases an( 1la ware ma(e o1 )ol(- he ac 2al 1ineness o1 s2ch )ol( shall no be less b, more han hree oneD ho2san( h han he 1ineness in(ica e( b, sai( s am&bran(- label- or mar6. Ar . *>>. &u"sisting and altering trade3mar1' trade3names' or service mar1s. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 95 o 4-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson who shall s2bs i 2 e he ra(e name or ra(eDmar6 o1 some o her man21ac 2rer or (ealer or a colorable imi a ion hereo1- 1or he ra(emar6 o1 he

real man21ac 2rer or (ealer 2&on commerce an( shall sell he same=

an,

ar icle

o1

4. An, &erson who shall sell s2ch ar icles o1 commerce or o11er he same 1or sale- 6nowin) ha he ra(eDname or ra(eD mar6 has been 1ra2(2len l, 2se( in s2ch )oo(s as (escribe( in he &rece(in) s2b(i0ision= 7. An, &erson who- in he sale or a(0er isin) o1 his ser0ices- shall 2se or s2bs i 2 e he ser0ice mar6 o1 some o her &erson- or a colorable imi a ion o1 s2ch mar6= or +. An, &erson who- 6nowin) he &2r&ose 1or which he ra(eDname- ra(eDmar6- or ser0ice mar6 o1 a &erson is o be 2se(- &rin s- li ho)ra&hs- or in an, wa, re&ro(2ces s2ch ra(eDname- ra(eDmar6- or ser0ice mar6- or a colorable imi a ion hereo1- 1or ano her &erson- o enable ha o her &erson o 1ra2(2len l, 2se s2ch ra(eDname- ra(eDmar6- or ser0ice mar6 on his own )oo(s or in connec ion wi h he sale or a(0er isin) o1 his ser0ices. A ra(eDname or ra(eDmar6 as herein 2se( is a wor( or wor(s- name- i le- s,mbol- emblem- si)n or (e0ice- or an, combina ion hereo1 2se( as an a(0er isemen - si)n- label&os er- or o herwise- 1or he &2r&ose o1 enablin) he &2blic o (is in)2ish he b2siness o1 he &erson who owns an( 2ses sai( ra(eDname or ra(eDmar6. A ser0ice mar6 as herein 2se( is a mar6 2se( in he sale or a(0er isin) o1 ser0ices o i(en i1, he ser0ices o1 one &erson an( (is in)2ish hem 1rom he ser0ices o1 o hers an( incl2(es wi ho2 limi a ion he mar6s- names- s,mbolsi les- (esi)na ions- slo)ans- charac er names- an( (is inc i0e 1ea 2res o1 ra(io or o her a(0er isin). Ar . *>8. /nfair competition' fraudulent registration of trade3mar1' trade3name or service mar1' fraudulent designation of origin' and false description. ' The &enal , &ro0i(e( in he ne3 &rocee(in) ar icle shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson who- in 2n1air com&e i ion an( 1or he &2r&oses o1 (ecei0in) or (e1ra2(in) ano her o1 his le)i ima e ra(e or he &2blic in )eneral- shall sell his )oo(s )i0in) hem he )eneral a&&earance o1 )oo(s o1

ano her man21ac 2rer or (ealer- ei her as o he )oo(s hemsel0es- or in he wra&&in) o1 he &ac6a)es in which he, are con aine( or he (e0ice or wor(s hereon or in an, o her 1ea 2res o1 heir a&&earance which wo2l( be li6el, o in(2ce he &2blic o belie0e ha he )oo(s o11ere( are hose o1 a man21ac 2rer or (ealer o her han he ac 2al man21ac 2rer or (ealer or shall )i0e o her &ersons a chance or o&&or 2ni , o (o he same wi h a li6e &2r&ose. 4. An, &erson who shall a11i3- a&&l,- anne3 or 2se in connec ion wi h an, )oo(s or ser0ices or an, con ainer or con ainers 1or )oo(s a 1alse (esi)na ion o1 ori)in or an, 1alse (escri& ion or re&resen a ion an( shall sell s2ch )oo(s or ser0ices. 7. An, &erson who b, means o1 1alse or 1ra2(2len re&resen a ion or (eclara ions orall, or in wri in) or b, o her 1ra2(2len means shall &roc2re 1rom he &a en o11ice or 1rom an, o her o11ice which ma, herea1 er be es ablishe( b, law 1or he &2r&oses he re)is ra ion o1 a ra(eDname- ra(eDmar6 or ser0ice mar6 or o1 himsel1 as he owner o1 s2ch ra(eDname- ra(eDmar6 or ser0ice mar6 or an en r, res&ec in) a ra(eDname- ra(eDmar6 or ser0ice mar6. Ti le %i0e CRIMES RELATICE TO OPI"M AND OT$ER PRO$IBITED DR"!S GAr . *85. Possession' preparation and use of prohi"ited drugs and maintenance of opium dens. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 755 o *-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An,one who 2nless law12ll, a2 hori?e( shall &ossess&re&are- a(minis er- or o herwise 2se an, &rohibi e( (r2). HProhibi e( (r2)-H as 2se( herein incl2(es o&i2mcocaine- al&ha an( be a e2caine- In(ian hem&- heir (eri0a i0es- an( all &re&ara ions ma(e 1rom hem or an, o1 hem- an( s2ch o her (r2)s- whe her na 2ral or s,n he ic- ha0in) &h,siolo)ical ac ion as a narco ic (r2).

HO&i2mH embraces e0er, 6in(- class- an( charac er o1 o&i2m- whe her cr2(e or &re&are(= he ashes on re12se o1 he same= narco ic &re&ara ions hereo1 or here1rom= mor&hine or an, al6aloi( o1 o&i2m&re&ara ion in which o&i2m- mor&hine or an, 6in( o1 o&i2m- en er as an in)re(ien - an( also o&i2m lea0es or wra&&in)s o1 o&i2m lea0es- whe her &re&are( or no 1or heir 2se.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar, HIn(ian hem&H o herwise 6nown as mariA2ana- cannabisAmericana- hashish- bhan)- )2a?a- ch2rr2?- an( )anAah embraces e0er, 6in(- class an( charac er o1 In(ian hem&- whe her (rie( or 1resh- 1lowerin) or 1r2i in) o&s o1 he &is illa e &lan cannabis sa i0al- 1rom which he resin has no been e3 rac e(- incl2(in) all o her )eo)ra&hic 0arie ies whe her 2se( as ree1ers- resine3 rac - inc 2re or in an, o her 1orm wha soe0er. B, narco ic (r2) is mean a (r2) ha &ro(2ces a con(i ion o1 insensibili , an( melanchol, (2llness o1 min( wi h (el2sions an( ma, be habi D1ormin). 4. An,one who shall main ain a (i0e or resor where an, &rohibi e( (r2) is 2se( in an, 1orm- in 0iola ion o1 he law.I G!rt. 454. 6eeper' watchman and visitor of opium den. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine ran)in) 1rom *55 o 755 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An,one who shall ac as a 6ee&er or wa chman o1 a (i0e or resor where an, &rohibi e( (r2) is 2se( in an, manner con rar, o law= an( 4. An, &erson who- no bein) incl2(e( in he &ro0isions o1 he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle- shall 6nowin)l, 0isi an, (i0e or resor o1 he charac er re1erre( o abo0e.I GAr . *84. Importation and sale of prohi"ited drugs. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 755 o *5-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall im&or or brin) in o he Phili&&ine Islan(s an, &rohibi e( (r2).I GThe same &enal , shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall 2nlaw12ll, sell or (eli0er o ano her &rohibi e( (r2).I

GAr . *87. Illegal possession of opium pipe or other paraphernalia for the use of any prohi"ited drug. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- no bein) a2 hori?e( b, law- shall &ossess an, o&i2m &i&e or o her &ara&hernalia 1or smo6in)- inAec in)- a(minis erin) or 2sin) o&i2m or an, &rohibi e( (r2). GThe ille)al &ossession o1 an o&i2m &i&e or o her &ara&hernalia 1or 2sin) an, o her &rohibi e( (r2) shall be &rima 1acie e0i(ence ha i s &ossessor has 2se( sai( (r2).I GAr . *8+. Prescri"ing opium unnecessary for a patient. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 755 o *5-555 &esos- or bo h shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &h,sician or (en is who shall &rescribe o&i2m 1or an, &erson whose &h,sical con(i ion (oes no re@2ire he 2se o1 he same.I Ti le Si3 CRIMES A!AINST P"BLIC MORALS Cha& er One !AMBLIN! AND BETTIN! Ar . *89. .hat acts are punisha"le in gam"ling. ' .a/ The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine no e3cee(in) wo h2n(re( &esos- an(- in case o1 reci(i0ism- he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom wo h2n(re( or si3 ho2san( &esos- shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson o her han hose re1erre( o in s2bsec ions .b/ an( .c/ who- in an, manner shall (irec l,- or in(irec l, a6e &ar in an, )ame o1 mon eA2e en) or an, o her 1orm o1 lo er,- &olic,- ban6in)- or &ercen a)e )ame- (o) races- or an, o her )ame o1 scheme he res2l o1 which (e&en(s wholl, or chie1l, 2&on chance or ha?ar(= or wherein wa)ers consis in) o1 mone,- ar icles o1 0al2e or re&resen a i0e o1 0al2e are ma(e= or in he e3&loi a ion or 2se o1 an, o her mechanical in0en ion or con ri0ance o (e ermine b, chance he loser or winner o1 mone, or an, obAec or re&resen a i0e o1 0al2e.

4. An, &erson who shall 6nowin)l, &ermi an, 1orm o1 )amblin) re1erre( o in he &rece(in) s2b(i0ision o be carrie( on in an, 2nhabi e( or 2ninhabi e( &lace o1 an, b2il(in)- 0essel or o her means o1 rans&or a ion owne( or con rolle( b, him. I1 he &lace where )amblin) is carrie( on has he re&2 a ion o1 a )amblin) &lace or ha &rohibi e( )amblin) is 1re@2en l, carrie( on herein- he c2l&ri shall be &2nishe( b, he &enal , &ro0i(e( 1or in his ar icle in i s ma3im2m &erio(. .b/ The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m (e)ree shall be im&ose( 2&on he main ainer- con(2c or- or ban6er in a )ame o1 A2e en) or an, similar )ame. .c/ The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m (e)ree shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall- 6nowin)l, an( wi ho2 law12l &2r&ose- ha0e in his &ossession an( lo er, lis - &a&er or o her ma er con ainin) le ers- 1i)2res- si)ns or s,mbols which &er ain o or are in an, manner 2se( in he )ame o1 A2e en) or an, similar )ame which has a6en &lace or abo2 o a6e &lace. Ar . *8:. Importation' sale and possession of lottery tic1ets or advertisements. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o 4-555 &esos- or bo h- in he (iscre ion o1 he co2r - shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall im&or in o he Phili&&ine Islan(s 1rom an, 1orei)n &lace or &or an, lo er, ic6e or a(0er isemen orin conni0ance wi h he im&or er- shall sell or (is rib2 e he same. An, &erson who shall 6nowin)l, an( wi h in en o 2se hemha0e in his &ossession lo er, ic6e s or a(0er isemen s- or shall sell or (is rib2 e he same wi ho2 conni0ance wi h he im&or er o1 he same- shall be &2nishe( b, arres o menoror a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos- or bo h- in he (iscre ion o1 he co2r . The &ossession o1 an, lo er, ic6e or a(0er isemen shall be &rima 1acie e0i(ence o1 an in en o sell- (is rib2 e or 2se he same in he Phili&&ine Islan(s. Ar . *8;. 7etting in sports contests. ' The &enal , o1 arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall be mone, or an, obAec

or ar icle o1 0al2e or re&resen a i0e o1 0al2e 2&on he res2l o1 an, bo3in) or o her s&or s con es s. Ar . *8>. Illegal "etting on horse race. ' The &enal , o1 arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos- or bo hshall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who e3ce& (2rin) he &erio( allowe( b, law- shall be on horse races. The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o 4-555 &esosor bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- 2n(er he same circ2ms ances- shall main ain or em&lo, a o ali?er or o her (e0ice or scheme 1or be in) on horse races or reali?in) an, &ro1i here1rom. %or he &2r&oses o1 his ar icle- an, race hel( in he same (a, a he same &lace shall be hel( &2nishable as a se&ara e o11ense- an( i1 he same be commi e( b, an, &ar nershi&cor&ora ion or associa ion- he &resi(en an( he (irec ors or mana)ers hereo1 shall be (eeme( o be &rinci&als in he o11ense i1 he, ha0e consen e( o or 6nowin)l, olera e( i s commission. Ar . *88. Illegal coc1fighting. ' The &enal , o1 arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos- or bo h- in he (iscre ion o1 he co2r - shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson who (irec l, or in(irec l, &ar ici&a es in coc61i)h s- b, be in) mone, or o her 0al2able hin)sor who or)ani?es coc61i)h s a which be s are ma(e- on a (a, o her han hose &ermi e( b, law. 4. An, &erson who (irec l, or in(irec l, &ar ici&a es in coc61i)h s- a a &lace o her han a license( coc6&i .
6Clic# here for the full text of !R*2+7*NT+A. 7*CR** N$. 1'81 2+9!.+:4+NG AN7 !R$3+7+NG 2T+::*R !*NA.T+*2 :$R 3+$.AT+$N2 $: !)+.+!!+N* GA9".+NG .A/2;

Cha& er Two O%%ENSES A!AINST DECENC# AND !OOD C"STOMS Ar . 455. 2rave scandal. ' The &enal ies o1 arres o ma,or an( &2blic cens2re shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall o11en( a)ains (ecenc, or )oo( c2s oms b, an, hi)hl, scan(alo2s con(2c no e3&ressl, 1allin) wi hin an, o her ar icle o1 his Co(e.

Ar . 45*. Immoral doctrines' o"scene pu"lications and e%hi"itions and indecent shows. ' The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom si3 ho2san( o wel0e ho2san( &esos- or bo h s2ch im&risonmen an( 1ine- shall be im&ose( 2&on< .*/ Those who shall &2blicl, e3&o2n( or &roclaim (oc rines o&enl, con rar, o &2blic morals= .4/ .a/ he a2 hors o1 obscene li era 2re- &2blishe( wi h heir 6nowle()e in an, 1orm= he e(i ors &2blishin) s2ch li era 2re= an( he ownersJo&era ors o1 he es ablishmen sellin) he same= .b/ Those who- in hea ers- 1airs- cinema o)ra&hs or an, o her &lace- e3hibi - in(ecen or immoral &la,s- scenesac s or shows- whe her li0e or in 1ilm- which are &rescribe( b, 0ir 2e hereo1- shall incl2(e hose which .*/ )lori1, criminals or con(one crimes= .4/ ser0e no o her &2r&ose b2 o sa is1, he mar6e 1or 0iolencel2s or &orno)ra&h,= .7/ o11en( an, race or reli)ion= .+/ en( o abe ra11ic in an( 2se o1 &rohibi e( (r2)s= an( .9/ are con rar, o law- &2blic or(er- morals- an( )oo( c2s oms- es ablishe( &olicies- law12l or(ers- (ecrees an( e(ic s= .7/ Those who shall sell- )i0e awa, or e3hibi 1ilms&rin s- en)ra0in)s- sc2l& 2re or li era 2re which are o11ensi0e o morals. .As amen(e( b, PD Nos. 8:5 an( 8:8/. Ar . 454. Vagrants and prostitutes; penalty. ' The 1ollowin) are 0a)ran s< *. An, &erson ha0in) no a&&aren means o1 s2bsis ence- who has he &h,sical abili , o wor6 an( who ne)lec s o a&&l, himsel1 or hersel1 o some law12l callin)= 4. An, &erson 1o2n( loi erin) abo2 &2blic or semiD &2blic b2il(in)s or &laces or ram&lin) or wan(erin) abo2 he co2n r, or he s ree s wi ho2 0isible means o1 s2&&or = 7. An, i(le or (issol2 e &erson who le()es in ho2ses o1 ill 1ame= r211ians or &im&s an( hose who habi 2all, associa e wi h &ros i 2 es=

+. An, &erson who- no bein) incl2(e( in he &ro0isions o1 o her ar icles o1 his Co(e- shall be 1o2n( loi erin) in an, inhabi e( or 2ninhabi e( &lace belon)in) o ano her wi ho2 an, law12l or A2s i1iable &2r&ose= 9. Pros i 2 es. %or he &2r&oses o1 his ar icle- women who- 1or mone, or &ro1i - habi 2all, in(2l)e in se32al in erco2rse or lasci0io2s con(2c - are (eeme( o be &ros i 2 es. An, &erson 1o2n( )2il , o1 an, o1 he o11enses co0ere( b, his ar icles shall be &2nishe( b, arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos- an( in case o1 reci(i0ism- b, arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o 4-555 &esosor bo hin he (iscre ion o1 he co2r . Ti le Se0en CRIMES COMMITTED B# P"BLIC O%%ICERS Cha& er One PRELIMINAR# PROCISIONS Ar . 457. .ho are pu"lic officers. ' %or he &2r&ose o1 a&&l,in) he &ro0isions o1 his an( he &rece(in) i les o1 his boo6- an, &erson who- b, (irec &ro0ision o1 he law&o&2lar elec ion or a&&oin men b, com&e en a2 hori ,shall a6e &ar in he &er1ormance o1 &2blic 12nc ions in he !o0ernmen o1 he Phili&&ine Islan(s- o1 shall &er1orm in sai( !o0ernmen or in an, o1 i s branches &2blic (2 ies as an em&lo,ee- a)en or s2bor(ina e o11icial- o1 an, ran6 or classshall be (eeme( o be a &2blic o11icer. Cha& er Two MAL%EASANCE AND MIS%EASANCE IN O%%ICE Sec ion One. ' Derelic ion o1 (2 , Ar . 45+. 6nowingly rendering un$ust $udgment. ' An, A2()e who shall 6nowin)l, ren(er an 2nA2s A2()men in an, case s2bmi e( o him 1or (ecision- shall be &2nishe( b, &rision ma,or an( &er&e 2al absol2 e (is@2ali1ica ion.

Ar . 459. 8udgment rendered through negligence . ' An, A2()e who- b, reason o1 ine3c2sable ne)li)ence or i)norance shall ren(er a mani1es l, 2nA2s A2()men in an, case s2bmi e( o him 1or (ecision shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or an( em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion. Ar . 45:. /n$ust interlocutory order. ' An, A2()e who shall 6nowin)l, ren(er an 2nA2s in erloc2 or, or(er or (ecree shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s minim2m &erio( an( s2s&ension= b2 i1 he shall ha0e ac e( b, reason o1 ine3c2sable ne)li)ence or i)norance an( he in erloc2 or, or(er or (ecree be mani1es l, 2nA2s - he &enal , shall be s2s&ension. Ar . 45;. Malicious delay in the administration of $ustice. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, A2()e )2il , o1 malicio2s (ela, in he a(minis ra ion o1 A2s ice. Ar . 45>. Prosecution of offenses; negligence and tolerance. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( s2s&ension shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer- or o11icer o1 he law- who- in (erelic ion o1 he (2 ies o1 his o11ice- shall malicio2sl, re1rain 1rom ins i 2 in) &rosec2 ion 1or he &2nishmen o1 0iola ors o1 he law- or shall olera e he commission o1 o11enses. Ar . 458. 7etrayal of trust "y an attorney or solicitor. 9 )evelation of secrets. ' In a((i ion o he &ro&er a(minis ra i0e ac ion- he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o *-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, a orne,Da Dlaw or solici or . &roc2ra(or A2(icial/ who- b, an, malicio2s breach o1 &ro1essional (2 , or o1 ine3c2sable ne)li)ence or i)norance- shall &reA2(ice his clien - or re0eal an, o1 he secre s o1 he la er learne( b, him in his &ro1essional ca&aci ,. The same &enal , shall be im&ose( 2&on an a orne,Da Dlaw or solici or .procurador $udicial/ who- ha0in) 2n(er a6en he (e1ense o1 a clien or ha0in) recei0e( con1i(en ial in1orma ion 1rom sai( clien in a case- shall 2n(er a6e he (e1ense o1 he o&&osin) &ar , in he same case- wi ho2 he consen o1 his 1irs clien .

Sec ion Two. ' Briber, Ar . 4*5. #irect "ri"ery. ' An, &2blic o11icer who shall a)ree o &er1orm an ac cons i 2 in) a crime- in connec ion wi h he &er1ormance o1 his o11icial (2 ies- in consi(era ion o1 an, o11er- &romise- )i1 or &resen recei0e( b, s2ch o11icer&ersonall, or hro2)h he me(ia ion o1 ano her- shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision ma,or in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( a 1ine Go1 no less han he 0al2e o1 he )i1 an(I no less han hree imes he 0al2e o1 he )i1 in a((i ion o he &enal , corres&on(in) o he crime a)ree( 2&on- i1 he same shall ha0e been commi e(. I1 he )i1 was acce& e( b, he o11icer in consi(era ion o1 he e3ec2 ion o1 an ac which (oes no cons i 2 e a crime- an( he o11icer e3ec2 e( sai( ac - he shall s211er he same &enal , &ro0i(e( in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&h= an( i1 sai( ac shall no ha0e been accom&lishe(- he o11icer shall s211er he &enal ies o1 &rision correccional- in i s me(i2m &erio( an( a 1ine o1 no less han wice he 0al2e o1 s2ch )i1 . I1 he obAec 1or which he )i1 was recei0e( or &romise( was o ma6e he &2blic o11icer re1rain 1rom (oin) some hin) which i was his o11icial (2 , o (o- he shall s211er he &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( an( a 1ine Go1 no less han he 0al2e o1 he )i1 an(I no less han hree imes he 0al2e o1 s2ch )i1 . In a((i ion o he &enal ies &ro0i(e( in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&hs- he c2l&ri shall s211er he &enal , o1 s&ecial em&orar, (is@2ali1ica ion.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar, The &ro0isions con aine( in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&hs shall be ma(e a&&licable o assessors- arbi ra ors- a&&raisal an( claim commissioners- e3&er s or an, o her &ersons &er1ormin) &2blic (2 ies. .As amen(e( b, Ba as Pambansa Bl). >;4E2ne *5- *8>9/.

Ar . 4**. Indirect "ri"ery. ' The &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- an( &2blic cens2re shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer who shall acce& )i1 s o11ere( o him b, reason o1 his o11ice. .As amen(e(
b, Ba as Pambansa Bl). >;4- E2ne *5- *8>9/.

Ar . 4*4. Corruption of pu"lic officials. ' The same &enal ies im&ose( 2&on he o11icer corr2& e(- e3ce& hose o1 (is@2ali1ica ion an( s2s&ension- shall be im&ose( 2&on an,

&erson who shall ha0e ma(e he o11ers or &romises or )i0en he )i1 s or &resen s as (escribe( in he &rece(in) ar icles. Cha& er Three %RA"DS AND ILLE!AL EBACTIONS AND TRANSACTIONS Ar . 4*7. Frauds against the pu"lic treasury and similar offenses. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision ma,or in i s minim2m &erio(- or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o *5-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer who< *. In his o11icial ca&aci ,- in (ealin) wi h an, &erson wi h re)ar( o 12rnishin) s2&&lies- he ma6in) o1 con rac s- or he a(A2s men or se lemen o1 acco2n s rela in) o &2blic &ro&er , or 12n(s- shall en er in o an a)reemen wi h an, in eres e( &ar , or s&ec2la or or ma6e 2se o1 an, o her schemeo (e1ra2( he !o0ernmen = 4. Bein) en r2s e( wi h he collec ion o1 a3es- licenses1ees an( o her im&os s- shall be )2il , or an, o1 he 1ollowin) ac s or omissions< .a/ Deman(in)- (irec l,- or in(irec l,- he &a,men o1 s2ms (i11eren 1rom or lar)er han hose a2 hori?e( b, law. .b/ %ailin) 0ol2n aril, o iss2e a recei& - as &ro0i(e( b, law- 1or an, s2m o1 mone, collec e( b, him o11iciall,. .c/ Collec in) or recei0in)- (irec l, or in(irec l,- b, wa, o1 &a,men or o herwise hin)s or obAec s o1 a na 2re (i11eren 1rom ha &ro0i(e( b, law. When he c2l&ri is an o11icer or em&lo,ee o1 he B2rea2 o1 In ernal Re0en2e or he B2rea2 o1 C2s oms- he &ro0isions o1 he A(minis ra i0e Co(e shall be a&&lie(. Ar . 4*+. (ther frauds. ' In a((i ion o he &enal ies &rescribe( in he &ro0isions o1 Cha& er Si3- Ti le Ten- Boo6 Two- o1 his Co(ehe &enal , o1 em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &er&e 2al s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer who- a6in) a(0an a)e o1 his o11icial &osi ion- shall commi an, o1 he 1ra2(s or (ecei s en2mera e( in sai( &ro0isions.

Ar . 4*9. Prohi"ited transactions. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o *-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, a&&oin i0e &2blic o11icer who- (2rin) his inc2mbenc,- shall (irec l, or in(irec l, become in eres e( in an, ransac ion o1 e3chan)e or s&ec2la ion wi hin he erri or, s2bAec o his A2ris(ic ion. Ar . 4*:. Possession of prohi"ited interest "y a pu"lic officer. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o *-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on a &2blic o11icer who (irec l, or in(irec l,- shall become in eres e( in an, con rac or b2siness in which i is his o11icial (2 , o in er0ene. This &ro0isions is a&&licable o e3&er s- arbi ra ors an( &ri0a e acco2n an s who- in li6e manner- shall a6e &ar in an, con rac or ransac ion connec e( wi h he es a e or &ro&er , in a&&raisal- (is rib2 ion or a(A2(ica ion o1 which he, shall ha0e ac e(- an( o he )2ar(ians an( e3ec2 ors wi h res&ec o he &ro&er , belon)in) o heir war(s or es a e. Cha& er %o2r MALCERSATION O% P"BLIC %"NDS OR PROPERT# Ar . 4*;. Malversation of pu"lic funds or property; Presumption of malversation. ' An, &2blic o11icer who- b, reason o1 he (2 ies o1 his o11ice- is acco2n able 1or &2blic 12n(s or &ro&er ,- shall a&&ro&ria e he same or shall a6e or misa&&ro&ria e or shall consen - hro2)h aban(onmen or ne)li)ence- shall &ermi an, o her &erson o a6e s2ch &2blic 12n(s- or &ro&er ,- wholl, or &ar iall,- or shall o herwise be )2il , o1 he misa&&ro&ria ion or mal0ersa ion o1 s2ch 12n(s or &ro&er ,- shall s211er< *. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- i1 he amo2n in0ol0e( in he misa&&ro&ria ion or mal0ersa ion (oes no e3cee( wo h2n(re( &esos. 4. The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 he amo2n in0ol0e( is more han wo h2n(re( &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( si3 ho2san( &esos.

7. The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o recl2sion em&oral in i s minim2m &erio(- i1 he amo2n in0ol0e( is more han si3 ho2san( &esos b2 is less han wel0e ho2san( &esos. +. The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral- in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- i1 he amo2n in0ol0e( is more han wel0e ho2san( &esos b2 is less han wen ,D wo ho2san( &esos. I1 he amo2n e3cee(s he la er- he &enal , shall be recl2sion em&oral in i s ma3im2m &erio( o recl2sion &er&e 2a. In all cases- &ersons )2il , o1 mal0ersa ion shall also s211er he &enal , o1 &er&e 2al s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion an( a 1ine e@2al o he amo2n o1 he 12n(s mal0erse( or e@2al o he o al 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , embe??le(. The 1ail2re o1 a &2blic o11icer o ha0e (2l, 1or hcomin) an, &2blic 12n(s or &ro&er , wi h which he is char)eable- 2&on (eman( b, an, (2l, a2 hori?e( o11icer- shall be &rima 1acie e0i(ence ha he has &2 s2ch missin) 12n(s or &ro&er , o &ersonal 2se. .As amen(e( b, RA *5:5/. Ar . 4*>. Failure of accounta"le officer to render accounts. ' An, &2blic o11icer- whe her in he ser0ice or se&ara e( here1rom b, resi)na ion or an, o her ca2se- who is re@2ire( b, law or re)2la ion o ren(er acco2n o he Ins2lar A2(i or- or o a &ro0incial a2(i or an( who 1ails o (o so 1or a &erio( o1 wo mon hs a1 er s2ch acco2n s sho2l( be ren(ere(- shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- or b, a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o :-555 &esos- or bo h. Ar . 4*8. Failure of a responsi"le pu"lic officer to render accounts "efore leaving the country. ' An, &2blic o11icer who 2nlaw12ll, lea0es or a em& s o lea0e he Phili&&ine Islan(s wi ho2 sec2rin) a cer i1ica e 1rom he Ins2lar A2(i or showin) ha his acco2n s ha0e been 1inall, se le(shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or- or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o *-555 &esos or bo h. Ar . 445. Illegal use of pu"lic funds or property. ' An, &2blic o11icer who shall a&&l, an, &2blic 12n( or &ro&er , 2n(er his a(minis ra ion o an, &2blic 2se o her han 1or which s2ch 12n( or &ro&er , were a&&ro&ria e( b, law or or(inance shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom oneDhal1 o he o al

o1 he s2m misa&&lie(- i1 b, reason o1 s2ch misa&&lica ionan, (ama)es or embarrassmen shall ha0e res2l e( o he &2blic ser0ice. In ei her case- he o11en(er shall also s211er he &enal , o1 em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion. I1 no (ama)e or embarrassmen o he &2blic ser0ice has res2l e(- he &enal , shall be a 1ine 1rom 9 o 95 &er cen o1 he s2m misa&&lie(. Ar . 44*. Failure to ma1e delivery of pu"lic funds or property. ' An, &2blic o11icer 2n(er obli)a ion o ma6e &a,men 1rom !o0ernmen 12n(s in his &ossession- who shall 1ail o ma6e s2ch &a,men - shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or an( a 1ine 1rom 9 o 49 &er cen o1 he s2m which he 1aile( o &a,. This &ro0ision shall a&&l, o an, &2blic o11icer who- bein) or(ere( b, com&e en a2 hori , o (eli0er an, &ro&er , in his c2s o(, or 2n(er his a(minis ra ion- shall re12se o ma6e s2ch (eli0er,. The 1ine shall be )ra(2a e( in s2ch case b, he 0al2e o1 he hin)- &ro0i(e( ha i shall no less han 95 &esos. Ar . 444. (fficers included in the preceding provisions . ' The &ro0isions o1 his cha& er shall a&&l, o &ri0a e in(i0i(2als who in an, ca&aci , wha e0er- ha0e char)e o1 an, ins2lar- &ro0incial or m2nici&al 12n(s- re0en2es- or &ro&er , an( o an, a(minis ra or or (e&osi or, o1 12n(s or &ro&er , a ache(- sei?e( or (e&osi e( b, &2blic a2 hori ,e0en i1 s2ch &ro&er , belon)s o a &ri0a e in(i0i(2al. Cha& er %i0e IN%IDELIT# O% P"BLIC O%%ICERS Sec ion One. ' In1i(eli , in he c2s o(, o1 &risoners Ar . 447. Conniving with or consenting to evasion. ' An, &2blic o11icer who shall consen o he esca&e o1 a &risoner in his c2s o(, or char)e- shall be &2nishe(< *. B, &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &er&e 2al s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion- i1 he 12)i i0e shall ha0e been sen ence( b, 1inal A2()men o an, &enal ,.

4. B, &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion- in case he 12)i i0e shall no ha0e been 1inall, con0ic e( b2 onl, hel( as a (e en ion &risoner 1or an, crime or 0iola ion o1 law or m2nici&al or(inance. Ar . 44+. Evasion through negligence. ' I1 he e0asion o1 he &risoner shall ha0e a6en &lace hro2)h he ne)li)ence o1 he o11icer char)e( wi h he con0e,ance or c2s o(, o1 he esca&in) &risoner- sai( o11icer shall s211er he &enal ies o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion. Ar . 449. Escape of prisoner under the custody of a person not a pu"lic officer. ' An, &ri0a e &erson o whom he con0e,ance or c2s o(, or a &risoner or &erson 2n(er arres shall ha0e been con1i(e(- who shall commi an, o1 he o11enses men ione( in he wo &rece(in) ar icles- shall s211er he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree han ha &rescribe( 1or he &2blic o11icer. Sec ion Two. ' In1i(eli , in he c2s o(, o1 (oc2men Ar . 44:. )emoval' concealment or destruction of documents. ' An, &2blic o11icer who shall remo0e- (es ro, or conceal (oc2men s or &a&ers o11iciall, en r2s e( o himshall s211er< *. The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos- whene0er serio2s (ama)e shall ha0e been ca2se( hereb, o a hir( &ar , or o he &2blic in eres . 4. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos- whene0er he (ama)e o a hir( &ar , or o he &2blic in eres shall no ha0e been serio2s. In ei her case- he a((i ional &enal , o1 em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &er&e 2al (is@2ali1ica ion shall be im&ose(. Ar . 44;. (fficer "rea1ing seal. ' An, &2blic o11icer char)e( wi h he c2s o(, o1 &a&ers or &ro&er , seale( b, &ro&er a2 hori ,- who shall brea6 he seals or &ermi hem o be bro6en- shall s211er he &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in

i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(sem&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 4-555 &esos. Ar . 44>. (pening of closed documents. ' An, &2blic o11icer no incl2(e( in he &ro0isions o1 he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle who- wi ho2 &ro&er a2 hori ,- shall o&en or shall &ermi o be o&ene( an, close( &a&ers- (oc2men s or obAec s en r2s e( o his c2s o(,- shall s211er he &enal ies or arres o ma,or- em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion an( a 1ine o1 no e3cee(in) 4-555 &esos. Sec ion Three. ' Re0ela ion o1 secre s Ar . 448. )evelation of secrets "y an officer. ' An, &2blic o11icer who shall re0eal an, secre 6nown o him b, reason o1 his o11icial ca&aci ,- or shall wron)12ll, (eli0er &a&ers or co&ies o1 &a&ers o1 which he ma, ha0e char)e an( which sho2l( no be &2blishe(- shall s211er he &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- &er&e 2al s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 4-555 &esos i1 he re0ela ion o1 s2ch secre s or he (eli0er, o1 s2ch &a&ers shall ha0e ca2se( serio2s (ama)e o he &2blic in eres = o herwise- he &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 95 &esos shall be im&ose(. Ar . 475. Pu"lic officer revealing secrets of private individual. ' An, &2blic o11icer o whom he secre s o1 an, &ri0a e in(i0i(2al shall become 6nown b, reason o1 his o11ice who shall re0eal s2ch secre s- shall s211er he &enal ies o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos. chan robles
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Cha& er Si3 OT$ER O%%ENSES OR IRRE!"LARITIES B# P"BLIC O%%ICERS Ar . 47*. (pen diso"edience. ' An, A2(icial or e3ec2 i0e o11icer who shall o&enl, re12se o e3ec2 e he A2()men (ecision or or(er o1 an, s2&erior a2 hori , ma(e wi hin he sco&e o1 he A2ris(ic ion o1 he la er an( iss2e( wi h all he le)al 1ormali ies- shall s211er he &enal ies o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion in i s ma3im2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos.

Ar . 474. #iso"edience to order of superior officers' when said order was suspended "y inferior officer. ' An, &2blic o11icer who- ha0in) 1or an, reason s2s&en(e( he e3ec2 ion o1 he or(ers o1 his s2&eriors- shall (isobe, s2ch s2&eriors a1 er he la er ha0e (isa&&ro0e( he s2s&ension- shall s211er he &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( &er&e 2al s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion. Ar . 477. )efusal of assistance. ' The &enal ies o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- &er&e 2al s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos- shall be im&ose( 2&on a &2blic o11icer who- 2&on (eman( 1rom com&e en a2 hori ,shall 1ail o len( his coo&era ion owar(s he a(minis ra ion o1 A2s ice or o her &2blic ser0ice- i1 s2ch 1ail2re shall res2l in serio2s (ama)e o he &2blic in eres - or o a hir( &ar ,= o herwise- arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose(. Ar . 47+. )efusal to discharge elective office. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- ha0in) been elec e( b, &o&2lar elec ion o a &2blic o11ice- shall re12se wi ho2 le)al mo i0e o be sworn in or o (ischar)e he (2 ies o1 sai( o11ice. Ar . 479. Maltreatment of prisoners. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- in a((i ion o his liabili , 1or he &h,sical inA2ries or (ama)e ca2se(- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,ee who shall o0er(o himsel1 in he correc ion or han(lin) o1 a &risoner or (e en ion &risoner 2n(er his char)e- b, he im&osi ion o1 &2nishmen no a2 hori?e( b, he re)2la ions- or b, in1lic in) s2ch &2nishmen in a cr2el an( h2milia in) manner. I1 he &2r&ose o1 he mal rea men is o e3 or a con1essionor o ob ain some in1orma ion 1rom he &risoner- he o11en(er shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos- in a((i ion o his liabili , 1or he &h,sical inA2ries or (ama)e ca2se(. Sec ion Two. ' An ici&a ion- &rolon)a ion

an( aban(onmen o1 he (2 ies an( &owers o1 &2blic o11ice. Ar . 47:. !nticipation of duties of a pu"lic office. ' An, &erson who shall ass2me he &er1ormance o1 he (2 ies an( &owers o1 an, &2blic o11icer or em&lo,men wi ho2 1irs bein) sworn in or ha0in) )i0en he bon( re@2ire( b, lawshall be s2s&en(e( 1rom s2ch o11ice or em&lo,men 2n il he shall ha0e com&lie( wi h he res&ec i0e 1ormali ies an( shall be 1ine( 1rom 455 o 955 &esos. Ar . 47;. Prolonging performance of duties and powers. ' An, &2blic o11icer shall con in2e o e3ercise he (2 ies an( &owers o1 his o11ice- em&lo,men or commission- be,on( he &erio( &ro0i(e( b, law- re)2la ion or s&ecial &ro0isions a&&licable o he case- shall s211er he &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- s&ecial em&orar, (is@2ali1ica ion in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos. Ar . 47>. !"andonment of office or position. ' An, &2blic o11icer who- be1ore he acce& ance o1 his resi)na ion- shall aban(on his o11ice o he (e rimen o1 he &2blic ser0ice shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or. I1 s2ch o11ice shall ha0e been aban(one( in or(er o e0a(e he (ischar)e o1 he (2 ies o1 &re0en in)- &rosec2 in) or &2nishin) an, o1 he crime 1allin) wi hin Ti le One- an( Cha& er One o1 Ti le Three o1 Boo6 Two o1 his Co(e- he o11en(er shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- an( b, arres o ma,or i1 he &2r&ose o1 s2ch aban(onmen is o e0a(e he (2 , o1 &re0en in)- &rosec2 in) or &2nishin) an, o her crime. Sec ion Three. ' "s2r&a ion o1 &owers an( 2nlaw12l a&&oin men s Ar . 478. /surpation of legislative powers. ' The &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &2blic o11icer who shall encroach 2&on he &owers o1 he le)isla i0e branch o1 he !o0ernmen - ei her b, ma6in) )eneral r2les or re)2la ions be,on( he sco&e o1 his a2 hori ,- or b, a em& in) o re&eal a law or s2s&en(in) he e3ec2 ion hereo1.

Ar . 4+5. /surpation of e%ecutive functions. ' An, A2()e who shall ass2me an, &ower &er ainin) o he e3ec2 i0e a2 hori ies- or shall obs r2c he la er in he law12l e3ercise o1 heir &owers- shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(. Ar . 4+*. /surpation of $udicial functions. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( an( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, o11icer o1 he e3ec2 i0e branch o1 he !o0ernmen who shall ass2me A2(icial &owers or shall obs r2c he e3ec2 ion o1 an, or(er or (ecision ren(ere( b, an, A2()e wi hin i s A2ris(ic ion. Ar . 4+4. #iso"eying re0uest for dis0ualification. ' An, &2blic o11icer who- be1ore he @2es ion o1 A2ris(ic ion is (eci(e(- shall con in2e an, &rocee(in) a1 er ha0in) been law12ll, re@2ire( o re1rain 1rom so (oin)- shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos. Ar . 4+7. (rders or re0uests "y e%ecutive officers to any $udicial authority. ' An, e3ec2 i0e o11icer who shall a((ress an, or(er or s2))es ion o an, A2(icial a2 hori , wi h res&ec o an, case or b2siness comin) wi hin he e3cl2si0e A2ris(ic ion o1 he co2r s o1 A2s ice shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos. Ar . 4++. /nlawful appointments. ' An, &2blic o11icer who shall 6nowin)l, nomina e or a&&oin o an, &2blic o11ice an, &erson lac6in) he le)al @2ali1ica ions here1or- shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos. Sec ion %o2r. ' Ab2ses a)ains chas i , Ar . 4+9. !"uses against chastity; Penalties. ' The &enal ies o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion shall be im&ose(< *. "&on an, &2blic o11icer who shall solici or ma6e immoral or in(ecen a(0ances o a woman in eres e( in ma ers &en(in) be1ore s2ch o11icer 1or (ecision- or wi h res&ec o which he is re@2ire( o s2bmi a re&or o or cons2l wi h a s2&erior o11icer= 4. An, war(en or o her &2blic o11icer (irec l, char)e( wi h he care an( c2s o(, o1 &risoners or &ersons 2n(er

arres who shall solici or ma6e immoral or in(ecen a(0ances o a woman 2n(er his c2s o(,. I1 he &erson solici e( be he wi1e- (a2)h er- sis er o1 rela i0e wi hin he same (e)ree b, a11ini , o1 an, &erson in he c2s o(, o1 s2ch war(en or o11icer- he &enal ies shall be &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion. Ti le Ei)h CRIMES A!AINST PERSONS Cha& er One DESTR"CTION O% LI%E Sec ion One. ' Parrici(e- m2r(er- homici(e Ar . 4+:. Parricide. ' An, &erson who shall 6ill his 1a hermo her- or chil(- whe her le)i ima e or ille)i ima e- or an, o1 his ascen(an s- or (escen(an s- or his s&o2se- shall be )2il , o1 &arrici(e an( shall be &2nishe( b, he &enal , o1 recl2sion &er&e 2a o (ea h. Ar . 4+;. #eath or physical in$uries inflicted under e%ceptional circumstances. ' An, le)all, marrie( &erson who ha0in) s2r&rise( his s&o2se in he ac o1 commi in) se32al in erco2rse wi h ano her &erson- shall 6ill an, o1 hem or bo h o1 hem in he ac or imme(ia el, herea1 eror shall in1lic 2&on hem an, serio2s &h,sical inA2r,- shall s211er he &enal , o1 (es ierro. I1 he shall in1lic 2&on hem &h,sical inA2ries o1 an, o her 6in(- he shall be e3em& 1rom &2nishmen . These r2les shall be a&&licable- 2n(er he same circ2ms ances- o &aren s wi h res&ec o heir (a2)h ers 2n(er ei)h een ,ears o1 a)e- an( heir se(2cer- while he (a2)h ers are li0in) wi h heir &aren s. An, &erson who shall &romo e or 1acili a e he &ros i 2 ion o1 his wi1e or (a2)h er- or shall o herwise ha0e consen e( o he in1i(eli , o1 he o her s&o2se shall no be en i le( o he bene1i s o1 his ar icle. Ar . 4+>. Murder. ' An, &erson who- no 1allin) wi hin he &ro0isions o1 Ar icle 4+: shall 6ill ano her- shall be )2il , o1

m2r(er an( shall be &2nishe( b, recl2sion em&oral in i s ma3im2m &erio( o (ea h- i1 commi e( wi h an, o1 he 1ollowin) a en(an circ2ms ances< *. Wi h reacher,a6in) a(0an a)e o1 s2&erior s ren) h- wi h he ai( o1 arme( men- or em&lo,in) means o wea6en he (e1ense or o1 means or &ersons o ins2re or a11or( im&2ni ,. 4. In consi(era ion o1 a &rice- rewar(- or &romise. 7. B, means o1 in2n(a ion- 1ire- &oison- e3&losionshi&wrec6- s ran(in) o1 a 0essel- (erailmen or assa2l 2&on a s ree car or locomo i0e- 1all o1 an airshi&- b, means o1 mo or 0ehicles- or wi h he 2se o1 an, o her means in0ol0in) )rea was e an( r2in. +. On occasion o1 an, o1 he calami ies en2mera e( in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&h- or o1 an ear h@2a6e- er2& ion o1 a 0olcano- (es r2c i0e c,clone- e&i(emic or o her &2blic calami ,. 9. Wi h e0i(en &reme(i a ion. :. Wi h cr2el ,- b, (elibera el, an( inh2manl, a2)men in) he s211erin) o1 he 0ic im- or o2 ra)in) or sco11in) a his &erson or cor&se. Ar . 4+8. *omicide. ' An, &erson who- no 1allin) wi hin he &ro0isions o1 Ar icle 4+:- shall 6ill ano her wi ho2 he a en(ance o1 an, o1 he circ2ms ances en2mera e( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle- shall be (eeme( )2il , o1 homici(e an( be &2nishe( b, recl2sion em&oral. Ar . 495. Penalty for frustrated parricide' murder or homicide. ' The co2r s- in 0iew o1 he 1ac s o1 he case- ma, im&ose 2&on he &erson )2il , o1 he 1r2s ra e( crime o1 &arrici(e- m2r(er or homici(e- (e1ine( an( &enali?e( in he &rece(in) ar icles- a &enal , lower b, one (e)ree han ha which sho2l( be im&ose( 2n(er he &ro0ision o1 Ar icle 95. The co2r s- consi(erin) he 1ac s o1 he case- ma, li6ewise re(2ce b, one (e)ree he &enal , which 2n(er Ar icle 9* sho2l( be im&ose( 1or an a em& o commi an, o1 s2ch crimes.

Ar . 49*. #eath caused in a tumultuous affray. ' Whenwhile se0eral &ersons- no com&osin) )ro2&s or)ani?e( 1or he common &2r&ose o1 assa2l in) an( a ac6in) each o her reci&rocall,- @2arrel an( assa2l each o her in a con12se( an( 2m2l 2o2s manner- an( in he co2rse o1 he a11ra, someone is 6ille(- an( i canno be ascer aine( who ac 2all, 6ille( he (ecease(- b2 he &erson or &ersons who in1lic e( serio2s &h,sical inA2ries can be i(en i1ie(- s2ch &erson or &ersons shall be &2nishe( b, &rision ma,or. I1 i canno be (e ermine( who in1lic e( he serio2s &h,sical inA2ries on he (ecease(- he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s shall be im&ose( 2&on all hose who shall ha0e 2se( 0iolence 2&on he &erson o1 he 0ic im. Ar . 494. Physical in$uries inflicted in a tumultuous affray . ' When in a 2m2l 2o2s a11ra, as re1erre( o in he &rece(in) ar icle- onl, serio2s &h,sical inA2ries are in1lic e( 2&on he &ar ici&an s hereo1 an( he &erson res&onsible hereo1 canno be i(en i1ie(- all hose who a&&ear o ha0e 2se( 0iolence 2&on he &erson o1 he o11en(e( &ar , shall s211er he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree han ha &ro0i(e( 1or he &h,sical inA2ries so in1lic e(. When he &h,sical inA2ries in1lic e( are o1 a less serio2s na 2re an( he &erson res&onsible here1or canno be i(en i1ie(- all hose who a&&ear o ha0e 2se( an, 0iolence 2&on he &erson o1 he o11en(e( &ar , shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or 1rom 1i0e o 1i1 een (a,s. Ar . 497. 2iving assistance to suicide. ' An, &erson who shall assis ano her o commi s2ici(e shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision ma,or= i1 s2ch &erson lea(s his assis ance o ano her o he e3 en o1 (oin) he 6illin) himsel1- he shall s211er he &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral. $owe0er- i1 he s2ici(e is no cons2mma e(- he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- shall be im&ose(. Ar . 49+. #ischarge of firearms. ' An, &erson who shall shoo a ano her wi h an, 1irearm shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s2nless he 1ac s o1 he case are s2ch ha he ac can be hel( o cons i 2 e 1r2s ra e( or a em& e( &arrici(e- m2r(erhomici(e or an, o her crime 1or which a hi)her &enal , is &rescribe( b, an, o1 he ar icles o1 his Co(e. chan robles 0ir 2al law

librar,

Sec ion Two. ' In1an ici(e an( abor ion. Ar . 499. Infanticide. ' The &enal , &ro0i(e( 1or &arrici(e in Ar icle 4+: an( 1or m2r(er in Ar icle 4+> shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall 6ill an, chil( less han hree (a,s o1 a)e. I1 he crime &enali?e( in his ar icle be commi e( b, he mo her o1 he chil( 1or he &2r&ose o1 concealin) her (ishonor- she shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- an( i1 sai( crime be commi e( 1or he same &2r&ose b, he ma ernal )ran(&aren s or ei her o1 hem- he &enal , shall be &rision ma,or. Ar . 49:. Intentional a"ortion. ' An, &erson who shall in en ionall, ca2se an abor ion shall s211er< *. The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral- i1 he shall 2se an, 0iolence 2&on he &erson o1 he &re)nan woman. 4. The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or i1- wi ho2 2sin) 0iolence- he shall ac wi ho2 he consen o1 he woman. 7. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- i1 he woman shall ha0e consen e(. Ar . 49;. /nintentional a"ortion. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall ca2se an abor ion b, 0iolence- b2 2nin en ionall,. Ar . 49>. !"ortion practiced "y the woman herself of "y her parents. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s shall be im&ose( 2&on a woman who shall &rac ice abor ion 2&on hersel1 or shall consen ha an, o her &erson sho2l( (o so. An, woman who shall commi his o11ense o conceal her (ishonor- shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s.

I1 his crime be commi e( b, he &aren s o1 he &re)nan woman or ei her o1 hem- an( he, ac wi h he consen o1 sai( woman 1or he &2r&ose o1 concealin) her (ishonor- he o11en(ers shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s. Ar . 498. !"ortion practiced "y a physician or midwife and dispensing of a"ortives. ' The &enal ies &ro0i(e( in Ar icle 49: shall be im&ose( in i s ma3im2m &erio(- res&ec i0el,2&on an, &h,sician or mi(wi1e who- a6in) a(0an a)e o1 heir scien i1ic 6nowle()e or s6ill- shall ca2se an abor ion or assis in ca2sin) he same. An, &harmacis who- wi ho2 he &ro&er &rescri& ion 1rom a &h,sician- shall (is&ense an, abor i0e shall s211er arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos. Sec ion Three. ' D2el Ar . 4:5. )esponsi"ility of participants in a duel. ' The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall 6ill his a(0ersar, in a (2el. I1 he shall in1lic 2&on he la er &h,sical inA2ries onl,- he shall s211er he &enal , &ro0i(e( here1or- accor(in) o heir na 2re. In an, o her case- he comba an s shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or- al ho2)h no &h,sical inA2ries ha0e been in1lic e(. The secon(s shall in all e0en s be &2nishe( as accom&lices. Ar . 4:*. Challenging to a duel. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall challen)e ano her- or inci e ano her o )i0e or acce& a challen)e o a (2el- or shall sco11 a or (ecr, ano her &2blicl, 1or ha0in) re12se( o acce& a challen)e o 1i)h a (2el. Cha& er Two P$#SICAL INE"RIES Ar . 4:4. Mutilation. ' The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral o recl2sion &er&e 2a shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who

shall in en ionall, m2 ila e ano her b, (e&ri0in) him- ei her o all, or &ar iall,- or some essen ial or)an o1 re&ro(2c ion. An, o her in en ional m2 ila ion shall be &2nishe( b, &rision ma,or in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s. Ar . 4:7. &erious physical in$uries. ' An, &erson who shall wo2n(- bea - or assa2l ano her- shall be )2il , o1 he crime o1 serio2s &h,sical inA2ries an( shall s211er< *. The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or- i1 in conse@2ence o1 he &h,sical inA2ries in1lic e(- he inA2re( &erson shall become insane- imbecile- im&o en - or blin(= 4. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- i1 in conse@2ence o1 he &h,sical inA2ries in1lic e(- he &erson inA2re( shall ha0e los he 2se o1 s&eech or he &ower o hear or o smell- or shall ha0e los an e,e- a han(- a 1oo - an arm- or a le) or shall ha0e los he 2se o1 an, s2ch member- or shall ha0e become inca&aci a e( 1or he wor6 in which he was here1or habi 2all, en)a)e(= 7. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 in conse@2ence o1 he &h,sical inA2ries in1lic e(- he &erson inA2re( shall ha0e become (e1orme(- or shall ha0e los an, o her &ar o1 his bo(,or shall ha0e los he 2se hereo1- or shall ha0e been ill or inca&aci a e( 1or he &er1ormance o1 he wor6 in which he as habi 2all, en)a)e( 1or a &erio( o1 more han nine , (a,s= +. The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- i1 he &h,sical inA2ries in1lic e( shall ha0e ca2se( he illness or inca&aci , 1or labor o1 he inA2re( &erson 1or more han hir , (a,s. I1 he o11ense shall ha0e been commi e( a)ains an, o1 he &ersons en2mera e( in Ar icle 4+:- or wi h a en(ance o1 an, o1 he circ2ms ances men ione( in Ar icle 4+>- he case co0ere( b, s2b(i0ision n2mber * o1 his Ar icle shall be &2nishe( b, recl2sion em&oral in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s= he case co0ere( b, s2b(i0ision n2mber 4 b, &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision ma,or in i s minim2m &erio(= he case co0ere( b, s2b(i0ision n2mber 7 b, &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an(

ma3im2m &erio(s= an( he case co0ere( b, s2b(i0ision n2mber + b, &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s. The &ro0isions o1 he &rece(in) &ara)ra&h shall no be a&&licable o a &aren who shall in1lic &h,sical inA2ries 2&on his chil( b, e3cessi0e chas isemen . Ar . 4:+. !dministering in$urious su"stances or "everages. ' The &enal ies es ablishe( b, he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle shall be a&&licable in he res&ec i0e case o an, &erson who- wi ho2 in en o 6ill- shall in1lic 2&on ano her an, serio2s- &h,sical inA2r,- b, 6nowin)l, a(minis erin) o him an, inA2rio2s s2bs ance or be0era)es or b, a6in) a(0an a)e o1 his wea6ness o1 min( or cre(2li ,. Ar . 4:9. :ess serious physical in$uries. ' An, &erson who shall in1lic 2&on ano her &h,sical inA2ries no (escribe( in he &rece(in) ar icles- b2 which shall inca&aci a e he o11en(e( &ar , 1or labor 1or en (a,s or more- or shall re@2ire me(ical assis ance 1or he same &erio(- shall be )2il , o1 less serio2s &h,sical inA2ries an( shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or. Whene0er less serio2s &h,sical inA2ries shall ha0e been in1lic e( wi h he mani1es in en o 6ill or o11en( he inA2re( &erson- or 2n(er circ2ms ances a((in) i)nomin, o he o11ense in a((i ion o he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or- a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose(. An, less serio2s &h,sical inA2ries in1lic e( 2&on he o11en(erFs &aren sascen(an s)2ar(iansc2ra orseachers- or &ersons o1 ran6- or &ersons in a2 hori ,- shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- &ro0i(e( ha - in he case o1 &ersons in a2 hori ,- he (ee( (oes no cons i 2 e he crime o1 assa2l 2&on s2ch &erson. Ar . 4::. &light physical in$uries and maltreatment. ' The crime o1 sli)h &h,sical inA2ries shall be &2nishe(< *. B, arres o menor when he o11en(er has in1lic e( &h,sical inA2ries which shall inca&aci a e he o11en(e( &ar , 1or labor 1rom one o nine (a,s- or shall re@2ire me(ical a en(ance (2rin) he same &erio(.

4. B, arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 45 &esos an( cens2re when he o11en(er has ca2se( &h,sical inA2ries which (o no &re0en he o11en(e( &ar , 1rom en)a)in) in his habi 2al wor6 nor re@2ire me(ical assis ance. 7. B, arres o menor in i s minim2m &erio( or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 95 &esos when he o11en(er shall illD rea ano her b, (ee( wi ho2 ca2sin) an, inA2r,. Ti le Nine CRIMES A!AINST PERSONAL LIBERT# AND SEC"RIT# Cha& er One CRIMES A!AINST LIBERT# Ar . 4:;. 6idnapping and serious illegal detention. ' An, &ri0a e in(i0i(2al who shall 6i(na& or (e ain ano her- or in an, o her manner (e&ri0e him o1 his liber ,- shall s211er he &enal , o1 recl2sion &er&e 2a o (ea h< *. I1 he 6i(na&&in) or (e en ion shall ha0e las e( more han 1i0e (a,s. 4. I1 i shall ha0e been commi e( sim2la in) &2blic a2 hori ,. 7. I1 an, serio2s &h,sical inA2ries shall ha0e been in1lic e( 2&on he &erson 6i(na&&e( or (e aine(= or i1 hrea s o 6ill him shall ha0e been ma(e. +. I1 he &erson 6i(na&&e( or (e aine( shall be a minor1emale or a &2blic o11icer. The &enal , shall be (ea h where he 6i(na&&in) or (e en ion was commi e( 1or he &2r&ose o1 e3 or in) ransom 1rom he 0ic im or an, o her &erson- e0en i1 none o1 he circ2ms ances abo0eDmen ione( were &resen in he commission o1 he o11ense. Ar . 4:>. &light illegal detention. ' The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &ri0a e in(i0i(2al who shall commi he crimes (escribe( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle wi ho2 he a en(ance o1 an, o1 circ2ms ances en2mera e( herein.

The same &enal , shall be inc2rre( b, an,one who shall 12rnish he &lace 1or he &er&e ra ion o1 he crime. I1 he o11en(er shall 0ol2n aril, release he &erson so 6i(na&&e( or (e aine( wi hin hree (a,s 1rom he commencemen o1 he (e en ion- wi ho2 ha0in) a aine( he &2r&ose in en(e(- an( be1ore he ins i 2 ion o1 criminal &rocee(in)s a)ains him- he &enal , shall be &rision ma,or in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) se0en h2n(re( &esos. Ar . 4:8. /nlawful arrest. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- in an, case o her han hose a2 hori?e( b, law- or wi ho2 reasonable )ro2n( here1or- shall arres or (e ain ano her 1or he &2r&ose o1 (eli0erin) him o he &ro&er a2 hori ies. Sec ion Two. ' Ki(na&&in) o1 minors Ar . 4;5. 6idnapping and failure to return a minor. ' The &enal , o1 recl2sion &er&e 2a shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- bein) en r2s e( wi h he c2s o(, o1 a minor &erson- shall (elibera el, 1ail o res ore he la er o his &aren s or )2ar(ians. Ar . 4;*. Inducing a minor to a"andon his home. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) se0en h2n(re( &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an,one who shall in(2ce a minor o aban(on he home o1 his &aren or )2ar(ians or he &ersons en r2s e( wi h his c2s o(,. I1 he &erson commi in) an, o1 he crimes co0ere( b, he wo &rece(in) ar icles shall be he 1a her or he mo her o1 he minor- he &enal , shall be arres o ma,or or a 1ine no e3cee(in) hree h2n(re( &esos- or bo h. Ar . 4;4. &lavery. ' The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or an( a 1ine o1 no e3cee(in) *5-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an,one who shall &2rchase- sell- 6i(na& or (e ain a h2man bein) 1or he &2r&ose o1 ensla0in) him. I1 he crime be commi e( 1or he &2r&ose o1 assi)nin) he o11en(e( &ar , o some immoral ra11ic- he &enal , shall be im&ose( in i s ma3im2m &erio(.

Ar . 4;7. E%ploitation of child la"or. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an,one who2n(er he &re e3 o1 reimb2rsin) himsel1 o1 a (eb inc2rre( b, an ascen(an - )2ar(ian or &erson en r2s e( wi h he c2s o(, o1 a minor- shall- a)ains he la erFs will- re ain him in his ser0ice. Ar . 4;+. &ervices rendered under compulsion in payment of de"t. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- in or(er o re@2ire or en1orce he &a,men o1 a (eb - shall com&el he (eb or o wor6 1or him- a)ains his will- as ho2sehol( ser0an or 1arm laborer. Cha& er Two CRIMES A!AINST SEC"RIT# Sec ion One. ' Aban(onmen o1 hel&less &ersons an( e3&loi a ion o1 minors. Ar . 4;9. !"andonment of person in danger and a"andonment of one+s own victim. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, one who shall 1ail o ren(er assis ance o an, &erson whom he shall 1in( in an 2ninhabi e( &lace wo2n(e( or in (an)er o1 (,in)- when he can ren(er s2ch assis ance wi ho2 (e rimen o himsel1- 2nless s2ch omission shall cons i 2 e a more serio2s o11ense. 4. An,one who shall 1ail o hel& or ren(er assis ance o ano her whom he has acci(en all, wo2n(e( or inA2re(. 7. An,one who- ha0in) 1o2n( an aban(one( chil( 2n(er se0en ,ears o1 a)e- shall 1ail o (eli0er sai( chil( o he a2 hori ies or o his 1amil,- or shall 1ail o a6e him o a sa1e &lace. Ar . 4;:. !"andoning a minor. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, one who shall aban(on a chil( 2n(er se0en ,ears o1 a)e- he c2s o(, o1 which is inc2mben 2&on him. When he (ea h o1 he minor shall res2l 1rom s2ch aban(onmen - he c2l&ri shall be &2nishe( b, &rision

correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s= b2 i1 he li1e o1 he minor shall ha0e been in (an)er onl,- he &enal , shall be &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s. The &ro0isions con aine( in he wo &rece(in) &ara)ra&hs shall no &re0en he im&osi ion o1 he &enal , &ro0i(e( 1or he ac commi e(- when he same shall cons i 2 e a more serio2s o11ense. Ar . 4;;. !"andonment of minor "y person entrusted with his custody; indifference of parents. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an,one who- ha0in) char)e o1 he rearin) or e(2ca ion o1 a minor- shall (eli0er sai( minor o a &2blic ins i 2 ion or o her &ersons- wi ho2 he consen o1 he one who en r2s e( s2ch chil( o his care or in he absence o1 he la er- wi ho2 he consen o1 he &ro&er a2 hori ies. The same &enal , shall be im&ose( 2&on he &aren s who shall ne)lec heir chil(ren b, no )i0in) hem he e(2ca ion which heir s a ion in li1e re@2ire an( 1inancial con(i ions &ermi . Ar . 4;>. E%ploitation of minors. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson who shall ca2se an, bo, or )irl 2n(er si3 een ,ears o1 a)e o &er1orm an, (an)ero2s 1ea o1 balancin)- &h,sical s ren) h- or con or ion. 4. An, &erson who- bein) an acroba - ),mnas - ro&eD wal6er- (i0er- wil(Danimal amer or circ2s mana)er or en)a)e( in a similar callin)- shall em&lo, in e3hibi ions o1 hese 6in(s chil(ren 2n(er si3 een ,ears o1 a)e who are no his chil(ren or (escen(an s. 7. An, &erson en)a)e( in an, o1 he callin)s en2mera e( in he ne3 &ara)ra&h &rece(in) who shall em&lo, an, (escen(an o1 his 2n(er wel0e ,ears o1 a)e in s2ch (an)ero2s e3hibi ions. +. An, ascen(an - )2ar(ianeacher en r2s e( in an, ca&aci , wi h he care o1 a si3 een ,ears o1 a)e- who shall (eli0er )ra 2i o2sl, o an, &erson 1ollowin) an, o1 or &erson chil( 2n(er s2ch chil( he callin)s

en2mera e( in &ara)ra&h 4 hereo1- or 0a)ran or

o an, habi 2al be))ar.

I1 he (eli0er, shall ha0e been ma(e in consi(era ion o1 an, &rice- com&ensa ion- or &romise- he &enal , shall in e0er, case be im&ose( in i s ma3im2m &erio(. In ei her case- he )2ar(ian or c2ra or con0ic e( shall also be remo0e( 1rom o11ice as )2ar(ian or c2ra or= an( in he case o1 he &aren s o1 he chil(- he, ma, be (e&ri0e(- em&oraril, or &er&e 2all,- in he (iscre ion o1 he co2r - o1 heir &aren al a2 hori ,. 9. An, &erson who shall in(2ce an, chil( 2n(er si3 een ,ears o1 a)e o aban(on he home o1 i s ascen(an s)2ar(ians- c2ra ors- or eachers o 1ollow an, &erson en)a)e( in an, o1 he callin)s men ione( in &ara)ra&h 4 hereo1- or o accom&an, an, habi 2al 0a)ran or be))ar. Ar . 4;8. !dditional penalties for other offenses . ' The im&osi ion o1 he &enal ies &rescribe( in he &rece(in) ar icles- shall no &re0en he im&osi ion 2&on he same &erson o1 he &enal , &ro0i(e( 1or an, o her 1elonies (e1ine( an( &2nishe( b, his Co(e. Sec ion Two. ' Tres&ass o (wellin) Ar . 4>5. ualified trespass to dwelling. ' An, &ri0a e &erson who shall en er he (wellin) o1 ano her a)ains he la erFs will shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos. I1 he o11ense be commi e( b, means o1 0iolence or in imi(a ion- he &enal , shall be &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos. The &ro0isions o1 his ar icle shall no be a&&licable o an, &erson who shall en er ano herFs (wellin) 1or he &2r&ose o1 &re0en in) some serio2s harm o himsel1- he occ2&an s o1 he (wellin) or a hir( &erson- nor shall i be a&&licable o an, &erson who shall en er a (wellin) 1or he &2r&ose o1 ren(erin) some ser0ice o h2mani , or A2s ice- nor o an,one who shall en er ca1es- a0erns- inn an( o her &2blic ho2ses- while he same are o&en.

Ar . 4>*. (ther forms of trespass. ' The &enal , o1 arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall en er he close( &remises or he 1ence( es a e o1 ano her- while ei her or hem are 2ninhabi e(- i1 he &rohibi ion o en er be mani1es an( he res&asser has no sec2re( he &ermission o1 he owner or he care a6er hereo1. Sec ion Three. ' Threa s an( coercion Ar . 4>4. 2rave threats. ' An, &erson who shall hrea en ano her wi h he in1lic ion 2&on he &erson- honor or &ro&er , o1 he la er or o1 his 1amil, o1 an, wron) amo2n in) o a crime- shall s211er< *. The &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree han ha &rescribe( b, law 1or he crime be hrea ene( o commi - i1 he o11en(er shall ha0e ma(e he hrea (eman(in) mone, or im&osin) an, o her con(i ione0en ho2)h no 2nlaw12l- an( sai( o11en(er shall ha0e a aine( his &2r&ose. I1 he o11en(er shall no ha0e a aine( his &2r&ose- he &enal , lower b, wo (e)rees shall be im&ose(. I1 he hrea be ma(e mi((lemanhe &enal , ma3im2m &erio(. in wri in) or hro2)h a shall be im&ose( in i s

4. The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos- i1 he hrea shall no ha0e been ma(e s2bAec o a con(i ion. Ar . 4>7. :ight threats. ' An, hrea o commi a wron) no cons i 2 in) a crime- ma(e in he manner e3&resse( in s2b(i0ision * o1 he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle- shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or. Ar . 4>+. 7ond for good "ehavior. ' In all cases 1allin) wi hin he wo ne3 &rece(in) ar icles- he &erson ma6in) he hrea s ma, also be re@2ire( o )i0e bail no o moles he &erson hrea ene(- or i1 he shall 1ail o )i0e s2ch bail- he shall be sen ence( o (es ierro. Ar . 4>9. (ther light threats. ' The &enal , o1 arres o menor in i s minim2m &erio( or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on<

*. An, &erson who- wi ho2 bein) incl2(e( in he &ro0isions o1 he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle- shall hrea en ano her wi h a wea&on or (raw s2ch wea&on in a @2arrel- 2nless i be in law12l sel1D(e1ense. 4. An, &erson who- in he hea o1 an)er- shall orall, hrea en ano her wi h some harm no cons i 2 in) a crime- an( who b, s2bse@2en ac s show ha he (i( no &ersis in he i(ea in0ol0e( in his hrea - &ro0i(e( ha he circ2ms ances o1 he o11ense shall no brin) i wi hin he &ro0isions o1 Ar icle 4>4 o1 his Co(e. 7. An, &erson who shall orall, hrea en an, harm no cons i 2 in) a 1elon,. o (o ano her

Ar . 4>:. 2rave coercions. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- wi ho2 a2 hori , o1 law- shall- b, means o1 0iolence- &re0en ano her 1rom (oin) some hin) no &rohibi e( b, law- or com&el him o (o some hin) a)ains his will- whe her i be ri)h or wron). I1 he coercion be commi e( 1or he &2r&ose o1 com&ellin) ano her o &er1orm an, reli)io2s ac or o &re0en him 1rom so (oin)- he &enal , ne3 hi)her in (e)ree shall be im&ose(. Ar . 4>;. :ight coercions. ' An, &erson who- b, means o1 0iolence- shall sei?e an, hin) belon)in) o his (eb or 1or he &2r&ose o1 a&&l,in) he same o he &a,men o1 he (eb shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s minim2m &erio( an( a 1ine e@2i0alen o he 0al2e o1 he hin)- b2 in no case less han ;9 &esos. An, o her coercions or 2nA2s 0e3a ions shall be &2nishe( b, arres o menor or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 9 &esos o 455 &esosor bo h. Ar . 4>>. (ther similar coercions; ;Compulsory purchase of merchandise and payment of wages "y means of to1ens.< 9 The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o 955 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson- a)en or o11icer- o1 an, associa ion or cor&ora ion who shall 1orce or com&el- (irec l, or in(irec l,- or shall 6nowin)l, &ermi an, laborer or em&lo,ee em&lo,e( b, him or b, s2ch 1irm or cor&ora ion o be 1orce( or com&elle(o &2rchase merchan(ise or commo(i ies o1 an, 6in(.

The same &enal ies shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall &a, he wa)es (2e a laborer or em&lo,ee em&lo,e( b, him- b, means o1 o6ens or obAec s o her han he le)al en(er c2rrenc, o1 he laborer or em&lo,ee. Ar . 4>8. Formation' maintenance and prohi"ition of com"ination of capital or la"or through violence or threats. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 755 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who1or he &2r&ose o1 or)ani?in)- main ainin) or &re0en in) coali ions or ca&i al or labor- s ri6e o1 laborers or loc6Do2 o1 em&lo,ees- shall em&lo, 0iolence or hrea s in s2ch a (e)ree as o com&el or 1orce he laborers or em&lo,ers in he 1ree an( le)al e3ercise o1 heir in(2s r, or wor6- i1 he ac shall no cons i 2 e a more serio2s o11ense in accor(ance wi h he &ro0isions o1 his Co(e. Cha& er Three DISCOCER# AND RECELATION O% SECRETS Ar . 485. #iscovering secrets through sei=ure of correspondence. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &ri0a e in(i0i(2al who in or(er o (isco0er he secre s o1 ano her- shall sei?e his &a&ers or le ers an( re0eal he con en s hereo1. I1 he o11en(er shall no re0eal s2ch secre s- he &enal , shall be arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos. The &ro0ision shall no be a&&licable o &aren s- )2ar(iansor &ersons en r2s e( wi h he c2s o(, o1 minors wi h res&ec o he &a&ers or le ers o1 he chil(ren or minors &lace( 2n(er heir care or s 2(,- nor o s&o2ses wi h res&ec o he &a&ers or le ers o1 ei her o1 hem. Ar . 48*. )evealing secrets with a"use of office . ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, mana)er- em&lo,ee- or ser0an who- in s2ch ca&aci ,- shall learn he secre s o1 his &rinci&al or mas er an( shall re0eal s2ch secre s. Ar . 484. )evelation of industrial secrets. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on he &erson in char)e- em&lo,ee or wor6man o1 an,

man21ac 2rin) or in(2s rial es ablishmen &reA2(ice o1 he owner hereo1- shall re0eal he in(2s r, o1 he Ti le Ten CRIMES A!AINST PROPERT# Cha& er One ROBBER# IN !ENERAL

who- o he he secre s o1 la er.

Ar . 487. .ho are guilty of ro""ery. ' An, &erson who- wi h in en o )ain- shall a6e an, &ersonal &ro&er , belon)in) o ano her- b, means o1 0iolence or in imi(a ion o1 an, &ersonor 2sin) 1orce 2&on an, hin) shall be )2il , o1 robber,. Sec ion One. ' Robber, wi h 0iolence or in imi(a ion o1 &ersons. Ar . 489. )o""ery with violence against or intimidation of persons; Penalties. ' An, &erson )2il , o1 robber, wi h he 2se o1 0iolence a)ains or in imi(a ion o1 an, &erson shall s211er< *. The &enal , o1 recl2sion &er&e 2a o (ea h- when b, reason or on occasion o1 he robber,- he crime o1 homici(e shall ha0e been commi e(. 4. The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral in i s me(i2m &erio( o recl2sion &er&e 2a when he robber, shall ha0e been accom&anie( b, ra&e or in en ional m2 ila ion- or i1 b, reason or on occasion o1 s2ch robber,- an, o1 he &h,sical inA2ries &enali?e( in s2b(i0ision * o1 Ar icle 4:7 shall ha0e been in1lic e(= Pro0i(e(- howe0er- ha when he robber, accom&anie( wi h ra&e is commi e( wi h a 2se o1 a (ea(l, wea&on or b, wo or more &ersons- he &enal , shall be recl2sion &er&e 2a o (ea h .As amen(e( b, PD No. ;:;/. 7. The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral- when b, reason or on occasion o1 he robber,- an, o1 he &h,sical inA2ries &enali?e( in s2b(i0ision 4 o1 he ar icle men ione( in he ne3 &rece(in) &ara)ra&h- shall ha0e been in1lic e(. +. The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o recl2sion em&oral in i s me(i2m &erio(- i1 he

0iolence or in imi(a ion em&lo,e( in he commission o1 he robber, shall ha0e been carrie( o a (e)ree clearl, 2nnecessar, 1or he commission o1 he crime- or when he co2rse o1 i s e3ec2 ion- he o11en(er shall ha0e in1lic e( 2&on an, &erson no res&onsible 1or i s commission an, o1 he &h,sical inA2ries co0ere( b, s2bD (i0isions 7 an( + o1 sai( Ar icle 47. 9. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( in o her cases..As amen(e( b, R. A. *>/. Ar . 489. )o""ery with physical in$uries' committed in an uninha"ited place and "y a "and' or with the use of firearm on a street' road or alley. ' I1 he o11enses men ione( in s2b(i0isions hree- 1o2r- an( 1i0e o1 he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle shall ha0e been commi e( in an 2ninhabi e( &lace or b, a ban(- or b, a ac6in) a mo0in) rain- s ree car- mo or 0ehicle or airshi&- or b, en erin) he &assen)erFs com&ar men s in a rain or- in an, manner- a6in) he &assen)ers hereo1 b, s2r&rise in he res&ec i0e con0e,ances- or on a s ree - roa(- hi)hwa,- or alle,- an( he in imi(a ion is ma(e wi h he 2se o1 a 1irearm- he o11en(er shall be &2nishe( b, he ma3im2m &erio( o1 he &ro&er &enal ies. In he same cases- he &enal , ne3 hi)her in (e)ree shall be im&ose( 2&on he lea(er o1 he ban(. Ar . 48:. #efinition of a "and and penalty incurred "y the mem"ers thereof. ' When more han hree arme( male1ac ors a6e &ar in he commission o1 a robber,- i shall be (eeme( o ha0e been commi e( b, a ban(. When an, o1 he arms 2se( in he commission o1 he o11ense be an 2nlicense( 1irearm- he &enal , o be im&ose( 2&on all he male1ac ors shall be he ma3im2m o1 he corres&on(in) &enal , &ro0i(e( b, law- wi ho2 &reA2(ice o1 he criminal liabili , 1or ille)al &ossession o1 s2ch 2nlicense( 1irearms. An, member o1 a ban( who is &resen a he commission o1 a robber, b, he ban(- shall be &2nishe( as &rinci&al o1 an, o1 he assa2l s commi e( b, he ban(- 2nless i be shown ha he a em& e( o &re0en he same. Ar . 48;. !ttempted and frustrated ro""ery committed under certain circumstances. ' When b, reason or on occasion o1 an a em& e( or 1r2s ra e( robber, a homici(e is

commi e(- he &erson )2il , o1 s2ch o11enses shall be &2nishe( b, recl2sion em&oral in i s ma3im2m &erio( o recl2sion &er&e 2a- 2nless he homici(e commi e( shall (eser0e a hi)her &enal , 2n(er he &ro0isions o1 his Co(e. Ar . 48>. E%ecution of deeds "y means of violence or intimidation. ' An, &erson who- wi h in en o (e1ra2( ano her- b, means o1 0iolence or in imi(a ion- shall com&el him o si)n- e3ec2 e or (eli0er an, &2blic ins r2men or (oc2men s- shall be hel( )2il , o1 robber, an( &2nishe( b, he &enal ies res&ec i0el, &rescribe( in his Cha& er. Sec ion Two. ' Robber, b, he 2se o1 1orce 2&on hin)s Ar . 488. )o""ery in an inha"ited house or pu"lic "uilding or edifice devoted to worship. ' An, arme( &erson who shall commi robber, in an inhabi e( ho2se or &2blic b2il(in) or e(i1ice (e0o e( o reli)io2s worshi&- shall be &2nishe( b, recl2sion em&oral- i1 he 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , a6en shall e3cee( 495 &esos- an( i1< .a/ The male1ac ors shall en er he ho2se or b2il(in) in which he robber, was commi e(- b, an, o1 he 1ollowin) means< *. Thro2)h a o&enin) no in en(e( 1or en rance or e)ress. 4. B, brea6in) an, wall- roo1- or 1loor or brea6in) an, (oor or win(ow. 7. B, 2sin) 1alse 6e,s- &ic6loc6s or similar ools. +. B, 2sin) an, 1ic i io2s name or &re en(in) e3ercise o1 &2blic a2 hori ,. Or i1 ' .b/ The robber, 1ollowin) be commi e( he

2n(er an, o1 he circ2ms ances<

*. B, he brea6in) o1 (oors- war(robes- ches s- or an, o her 6in( o1 loc6e( or seale( 12rni 2re or rece& acle= 4. B, a6in) s2ch 12rni 2re or obAec s o be bro6en or 1orce( o&en o2 si(e he &lace o1 he robber,.

When he o11en(ers (o no carr, arms- an( he 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , a6en e3cee(s 495 &esos- he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree shall be im&ose(. The same r2le shall be a&&lie( when he o11en(ers are arme(- b2 he 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , a6en (oes no e3cee( 495 &esos. When sai( o11en(ers (o no carr, arms an( he 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , a6en (oes no e3cee( 495 &esos- he, shall s211er he &enal , &rescribe( in he wo ne3 &rece(in) &ara)ra&hs- in i s minim2m &erio(.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar, I1 he robber, be commi e( in one o1 he (e&en(encies o1 an inhabi e( ho2se- &2blic b2il(in)- or b2il(in) (e(ica e( o reli)io2s worshi&- he &enal ies ne3 lower in (e)ree han hose &rescribe( in his ar icle shall be im&ose(. Ar . 755. )o""ery in an uninha"ited place and "y a "and. ' The robber, men ione( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle- i1 commi e( in an 2ninhabi e( &lace an( b, a ban(- shall be &2nishe( b, he ma3im2m &erio( o1 he &enal , &ro0i(e( here1or. Ar . 75*. .hat is an inha"ited house' pu"lic "uilding or "uilding dedicated to religious worship and their dependencies. ' Inhabi e( ho2se means an, shel er- shi& or 0essel cons i 2 in) he (wellin) o1 one or more &ersonse0en ho2)h he inhabi an s hereo1 shall em&oraril, be absen here1rom when he robber, is commi e(. All in erior co2r s- corrals- wa erho2ses- )ranaries- barnscoachDho2ses- s ables or o her (e&ar men s or inclose( &laces con i)2o2s o he b2il(in) or e(i1ice- ha0in) an in erior en rance connec e( herewi h- an( which 1orm &ar o1 he whole- shall be (eeme( (e&en(encies o1 an inhabi e( ho2se- &2blic b2il(in) or b2il(in) (e(ica e( o reli)io2s worshi&. Orchar(s an( o her lan(s 2se( 1or c2l i0a ion or &ro(2c ion are no incl2(e( in he erms o1 he ne3 &rece(in) &ara)ra&h- e0en i1 close(- con i)2o2s o he b2il(in) an( ha0in) (irec connec ion herewi h. The erm ,pu"lic "uilding, incl2(es e0er, b2il(in) owne( b, he !o0ernmen or belon)in) o a &ri0a e &erson no

incl2(e( 2se( or ren e( b, he !o0ernmen - al ho2)h em&oraril, 2nocc2&ie( b, he same. Ar . 754. )o""ery is an uninha"ited place or in a private "uilding. ' An, robber, commi e( in an 2ninhabi e( &lace or in a b2il(in) o her han hose men ione( in he 1irs &ara)ra&h o1 Ar icle 488- i1 he 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , a6en e3cee(s 495 &esos- shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional i1 an, o1 he 1ollowin) circ2ms ances is &resen < *. I1 he en rance has been e11ec e( hro2)h an, o&enin) no in en(e( 1or en rance or e)ress. 4. I1 an, wall- roo1- 1lo2r or o2 si(e (oor or win(ow has been bro6en. 7. I1 he en rance has been e11ec e( hro2)h he 2se o1 1alse 6e,s- &ic6loc6s or o her similar ools. +. I1 an, (orm- war(robe- ches or b, seale( or close( 12rni 2re or rece& acle has been bro6en. 9. I1 an, close( or seale( rece& acle- as men ione( in he &rece(in) &ara)ra&h- has been remo0e( e0en i1 he same o bro6en o&en elsewhere. When he 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , a6es (oes no e3cee( 495 &esos- he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree shall be im&ose(. In he cases s&eci1ie( in Ar icles 48+- 489- 48;- 488- 755an( 754 o1 his Co(e- when he &ro&er , a6en is mail ma er or lar)e ca le- he o11en(er shall s211er he &enal ies ne3 hi)her in (e)ree han hose &ro0i(e( in sai( ar icles. Ar . 757. )o""ery of cereals' fruits' or firewood in an uninha"ited place or private "uilding. ' In he cases en2mera e( in Ar icles 488 an( 754- when he robber, consis s in he a6in) o1 cereals- 1r2i s- or 1irewoo(- he c2l&ri shall s211er he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree han ha &rescribe( in sai( ar icles. Ar . 75+. Possession of pic1loc1s or similar tools . ' An, &erson who shall wi ho2 law12l ca2se ha0e in his &ossession &ic6loc6s or similar ools es&eciall, a(o& e( o he commission o1 he crime o1 robber,- shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(.

The same &enal , shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall ma6e s2ch ools. I1 he o11en(er be a loc6smi h- he shall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s. Ar . 759. False 1eys. ' (eeme( o incl2(e< The erm ,false 1eys, shall be

*. The ools men ione( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icles. 4. !en2ine 6e,s s olen 1rom he owner. 7. An, 6e,s o her han hose in en(e( b, he owner 1or 2se in he loc6 1orcibl, o&ene( b, he o11en(er. Cha& er Two BRI!ANDA!E Ar . 75:. .ho are "rigands; Penalty. ' When more han hree arme( &ersons 1orm a ban( o1 robbers 1or he &2r&ose o1 commi in) robber, in he hi)hwa,- or 6i(na&&in) &ersons 1or he &2r&ose o1 e3 or ion or o ob ain ransom or 1or an, o her &2r&ose o be a aine( b, means o1 1orce an( 0iolence- he, shall be (eeme( hi)hwa, robbers or bri)an(s. Persons 1o2n( )2il , o1 his o11ense shall be &2nishe( b, &rision ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o recl2sion em&oral in i s minim2m &erio( i1 he ac or ac s commi e( b, hem are no &2nishable b, hi)her &enal ies- in which case- he, shall s211er s2ch hi)h &enal ies. I1 an, o1 he arms carrie( b, an, o1 sai( &ersons be an 2nlicense( 1irearms- i shall be &res2me( ha sai( &ersons are hi)hwa, robbers or bri)an(s- an( in case o1 con0ic ions he &enal , shall be im&ose( in he ma3im2m &erio(. Ar . 75;. !iding and a"etting a "and of "rigands. ' An, &erson 6nowin)l, an( in an, manner ai(in)- abe in) or &ro ec in) a ban( o1 bri)an(s as (escribe( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle- or )i0in) hem in1orma ion o1 he mo0emen s o1 he &olice or o her &eace o11icers o1 he !o0ernmen .or o1 he 1orces o1 he "ni e( S a es Arm,/when he la er are ac in) in ai( o1 he !o0ernmen - or ac@2irin) or recei0in) he &ro&er , a6en b, s2ch bri)an(s shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision ma,or in i s minim2m &erio(.

I shall be &res2me( ha he &erson &er1ormin) an, o1 he ac s &ro0i(e( in his ar icle has &er1orme( hem 6nowin)l,2nless he con rar, is &ro0en. Cha& er Three T$E%T Ar . 75>. .ho are lia"le for theft. ' The1 is commi e( b, an, &erson who- wi h in en o )ain b2 wi ho2 0iolence a)ains or in imi(a ion o1 &ersons nor 1orce 2&on hin)sshall a6e &ersonal &ro&er , o1 ano her wi ho2 he la erFs consen . The1 is li6ewise commi e( b,< *. An, &erson who- ha0in) 1o2n( los &ro&er ,- shall 1ail o (eli0er he same o he local a2 hori ies or o i s owner= 4. An, &erson who- a1 er ha0in) malicio2sl, (ama)e( he &ro&er , o1 ano her- shall remo0e or ma6e 2se o1 he 1r2i s or obAec o1 he (ama)e ca2se( b, him= an( 7. An, &erson who shall en er an inclose( es a e or a 1iel( where res&ass is 1orbi((en or which belon)s o ano her an( wi ho2 he consen o1 i s owner- shall h2n or 1ish 2&on he same or shall )a her cereals- or o her 1ores or 1arm &ro(2c s. Ar . 758. Penalties. ' An, &erson )2il , o1 he1 shall be &2nishe( b,< *. The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 he 0al2e o1 he hin) s olen is more han *4-555 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( 44-555 &esosb2 i1 he 0al2e o1 he hin) s olen e3cee(s he la er amo2n he &enal , shall be he ma3im2m &erio( o1 he one &rescribe( in his &ara)ra&h- an( one ,ear 1or each a((i ional en ho2san( &esos- b2 he o al o1 he &enal , which ma, be im&ose( shall no e3cee( wen , ,ears. In s2ch cases- an( in connec ion wi h he accessor, &enal ies which ma, be im&ose( an( 1or he &2r&ose o1 he o her &ro0isions o1 his Co(e- he &enal , shall be erme( &rision ma,or or recl2sion em&oral- as he case ma, be.

4. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- i1 he 0al2e o1 he hin) s olen is more han :-555 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( *4-555 &esos. 7. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 he 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , s olen is more han 455 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( :-555 &esos. +. Arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- i1 he 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , s olen is o0er 95 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( 455 &esos. 9. Arres o ma,or o i s 12ll e3 en - i1 s2ch 0al2e is o0er 9 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( 95 &esos. :. Arres o ma,or in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 s2ch 0al2e (oes no e3cee( 9 &esos. ;. Arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos- i1 he he1 is commi e( 2n(er he circ2ms ances en2mera e( in &ara)ra&h 7 o1 he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle an( he 0al2e o1 he hin) s olen (oes no e3cee( 9 &esos. I1 s2ch 0al2e e3cee(s sai( amo2n - he &ro0ision o1 an, o1 he 1i0e &rece(in) s2b(i0isions shall be ma(e a&&licable. >. Arres o menor in i s minim2m &erio( or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 95 &esos- when he 0al2e o1 he hin) s olen is no o0er 9 &esos- an( he o11en(er shall ha0e ac e( 2n(er he im&2lse o1 h2n)er- &o0er ,- or he (i11ic2l , o1 earnin) a li0elihoo( 1or he s2&&or o1 himsel1 or his 1amil,. Ar . 7*5. ualified theft. ' The crime o1 he1 shall be &2nishe( b, he &enal ies ne3 hi)her b, wo (e)rees han hose res&ec i0el, s&eci1ie( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle- i1 commi e( b, a (omes ic ser0an - or wi h )ra0e ab2se o1 con1i(ence- or i1 he &ro&er , s olen is mo or 0ehicle- mail ma er or lar)e ca le or consis s o1 cocon2 s a6en 1rom he &remises o1 he &lan a ion or 1ish a6en 1rom a 1ish&on( or 1isher,- or i1 &ro&er , is a6en on he occasion o1 1ireear h@2a6e,&hoon- 0olcanic err2& ion- or an, o her calami ,- 0ehic2lar acci(en or ci0il (is 2rbance. .As amen(e( b,
R.A. *45 an( B.P. Bl). ;*. Ma, *- *8>5/.

Ar . 7**. Theft of the property of the -ational :i"rary and -ational Museum. ' I1 he &ro&er , s olen be an, &ro&er , o1 he Na ional Librar, or he Na ional M2se2m- he &enal , shall be arres o ma,or or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o 955 &esos- or bo h- 2nless a hi)her &enal , sho2l( be &ro0i(e( 2n(er o her &ro0isions o1 his Co(e- in which case- he o11en(er shall be &2nishe( b, s2ch hi)her &enal ,. Cha& er %o2r "S"RPATION Ar . 7*4. (ccupation of real property or usurpation of real rights in property. ' An, &erson who- b, means o1 0iolence a)ains or in imi(a ion o1 &ersons- shall a6e &ossession o1 an, real &ro&er , or shall 2s2r& an, real ri)h s in &ro&er , belon)in) o ano her- in a((i ion o he &enal , inc2rre( 1or he ac s o1 0iolence e3ec2 e( b, him- shall be &2nishe( b, a 1ine 1rom 95 o *55 &er cen 2m o1 he )ain which he shall ha0e ob aine(- b2 no less han ;9 &esos. I1 he 0al2e o1 he )ain canno be ascer aine(- a 1ine o1 1rom 455 o 955 &esos shall be im&ose(. Ar . 7*7. !ltering "oundaries or landmar1s. ' An, &erson who shall al er he bo2n(ar, mar6s or mon2men s o1 owns&ro0inces- or es a es- or an, o her mar6s in en(e( o (esi)na e he bo2n(aries o1 he same- shall be &2nishe( b, arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) *55 &esos- or bo h. Cha& er %i0e C"LPABLE INSOLCENC# Ar . 7*+. Fraudulent insolvency. ' An, &erson who shall abscon( wi h his &ro&er , o he &reA2(ice o1 his cre(i orsshall s211er he &enal , o1 &rision ma,or- i1 he be a merchan an( he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio(- i1 he be no a merchan . Cha& er Si3 SWINDLIN! AND OT$ER DECEITS Ar . 7*9. &windling ;estafa<. ' An, &erson who shall (e1ra2(

ano her b, an, o1 be &2nishe( b,<

he means men ione( hereinbelow shall

4st. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision ma,or in i s minim2m &erio(- i1 he amo2n o1 he 1ra2( is o0er *4-555 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( 44-555 &esos- an( i1 s2ch amo2n e3cee(s he la er s2mhe &enal , &ro0i(e( in his &ara)ra&h shall be im&ose( in i s ma3im2m &erio(- a((in) one ,ear 1or each a((i ional *5-555 &esos= b2 he o al &enal , which ma, be im&ose( shall no e3cee( wen , ,ears. In s2ch cases- an( in connec ion wi h he accessor, &enal ies which ma, be im&ose( 2n(er he &ro0isions o1 his Co(e- he &enal , shall be erme( &rision ma,or or recl2sion em&oral- as he case ma, be. >nd. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 he amo2n o1 he 1ra2( is o0er :-555 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( *4-555 &esos= ?rd. The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( i1 s2ch amo2n is o0er 455 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( :-555 &esos= an( @th. B, arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio(- i1 s2ch amo2n (oes no e3cee( 455 &esos- &ro0i(e( ha in he 1o2r cases men ione(- he 1ra2( be commi e( b, an, o1 he 1ollowin) means< *. Wi h 2n1ai h12lness or ab2se o1 con1i(ence- namel,< .a/ B, al erin) he s2bs ance- @2an i ,- or @2ali , or an, hin) o1 0al2e which he o11en(er shall (eli0er b, 0ir 2e o1 an obli)a ion o (o so- e0en ho2)h s2ch obli)a ion be base( on an immoral or ille)al consi(era ion. .b/ B, misa&&ro&ria in) or con0er in)- o he &reA2(ice o1 ano her- mone,- )oo(s- or an, o her &ersonal &ro&er , recei0e( b, he o11en(er in r2s or on commission- or 1or a(minis ra ion- or 2n(er an, o her obli)a ion in0ol0in) he (2 , o ma6e (eli0er, o1 or o re 2rn he same- e0en ho2)h s2ch obli)a ion be o all, or &ar iall, )2aran ee( b, a bon(= or b, (en,in) ha0in) recei0e( s2ch mone,)oo(s- or o her &ro&er ,.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar,

.c/ B, a6in) 2n(2e a(0an a)e o1 he si)na 2re o1 he o11en(e( &ar , in blan6- an( b, wri in) an, (oc2men abo0e s2ch si)na 2re in blan6- o he &reA2(ice o1 he o11en(e( &ar , or o1 an, hir( &erson. 4. B, means o1 an, o1 he 1ollowin) 1alse &re enses or 1ra2(2len ac s e3ec2 e( &rior o or sim2l aneo2sl, wi h he commission o1 he 1ra2(< .a/ B, 2sin) 1ic i io2s name- or 1alsel, &re en(in) o &ossess &owerin1l2ence@2ali1ica ions&ro&er ,- cre(i - a)enc,- b2siness or ima)inar, ransac ions- or b, means o1 o her similar (ecei s. .b/ B, al erin) he @2ali ,- 1ineness or wei)h an, hin) &er ainin) o his ar or b2siness. o1

.c/ B, &re en(in) o ha0e bribe( an, !o0ernmen em&lo,ee- wi ho2 &reA2(ice o he ac ion 1or cal2mn, which he o11en(e( &ar , ma, (eem &ro&er o brin) a)ains he o11en(er. In his casehe o11en(er shall be &2nishe( b, he ma3im2m &erio( o1 he &enal ,. .(/ GB, &os D(a in) a chec6- or iss2in) a chec6 in &a,men o1 an obli)a ion when he o11en(er herein were no s211icien o co0er he amo2n o1 he chec6. The 1ail2re o1 he (rawer o1 he chec6 o (e&osi he amo2n necessar, o co0er his chec6 wi hin hree .7/ (a,s 1rom recei& o1 no ice 1rom he ban6 an(Jor he &a,ee or hol(er ha sai( chec6 has been (ishonore( 1or lac6 o1 ins211icienc, o1 12n(s shall be &rima 1acie e0i(ence o1 (ecei cons i 2 in) 1alse &re ense or 1ra2(2len ac . .As amen(e( b, R.A. +>>9- a&&ro0e( E2ne *;- *8:;./I .e/ B, ob ainin) an, 1oo(- re1reshmen or accommo(a ion a a ho el- inn- res a2ran boar(in) ho2se- lo()in) ho2se- or a&ar men ho2se an( he li6e wi ho2 &a,in) here1or- wi h in en o (e1ra2( he &ro&rie or or mana)er hereo1- or b, ob ainin) cre(i a ho el- innres a2ran - boar(in) ho2se- lo()in) ho2se- or a&ar men ho2se b, he 2se o1 an, 1alse &re enseor b, aban(onin) or s2rre& i io2sl, remo0in) an,

&ar o1 his ba))a)e 1rom a ho el- inn- res a2ran boar(in) ho2se- lo()in) ho2se or a&ar men ho2se a1 er ob ainin) cre(i - 1oo(- re1reshmen or accommo(a ion herein wi ho2 &a,in) 1or his 1oo(- re1reshmen or accommo(a ion. 7. Thro2)h an, o1 he 1ollowin) 1ra2(2len means< o o

.a/ B, in(2cin) ano her- b, means o1 (ecei si)n an, (oc2men . .b/ B, resor in) o some 1ra2(2len ins2re s2ccess in a )amblin) )ame. &rac ice

.c/ B, remo0in)- concealin) or (es ro,in)- in whole or in &ar - an, co2r recor(- o11ice 1iles- (oc2men or an, o her &a&ers. Ar . 7*:. (ther forms of swindling. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio( an( a 1ine o1 no less han he 0al2e o1 he (ama)e ca2se( an( no more han hree imes s2ch 0al2e- shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson who- &re en(in) o be owner o1 an, real &ro&er ,- shall con0e,- sell- enc2mber or mor )a)e he same. 4. An, &erson- who- 6nowin) ha real &ro&er , is enc2mbere(- shall (is&ose o1 he same- al ho2)h s2ch enc2mbrance be no recor(e(. 7. The owner o1 an, &ersonal &ro&er , who shall wron)12ll, a6e i 1rom i s law12l &ossessor- o he &reA2(ice o1 he la er or an, hir( &erson. +. An, &erson who- o he &reA2(ice o1 ano her- shall e3ec2 e an, 1ic i io2s con rac . 9. An, &erson who shall acce& an, com&ensa ion )i0en him 2n(er he belie1 ha i was in &a,men o1 ser0ices ren(ere( or labor &er1orme( b, him- when in 1ac he (i( no ac 2all, &er1orm s2ch ser0ices or labor. :. An, &erson who- while bein) a s2re , in a bon( )i0en in a criminal or ci0il ac ion- wi ho2 e3&ress a2 hori , 1rom he co2r or be1ore he cancella ion o1 his bon( or be1ore bein) relie0e( 1rom he obli)a ion con rac e( b, him- shall sell- mor )a)e- or- in an, o her manner-

enc2mber he real &ro&er , or &ro&er ies wi h which he )2aran ee( he 12l1illmen o1 s2ch obli)a ion. Ar . 7*;. &windling a minor. ' An, &erson who a6in) a(0an a)e o1 he ine3&erience or emo ions or 1eelin)s o1 a minor- o his (e rimen - shall in(2ce him o ass2me an, obli)a ion or o )i0e an, release or e3ec2 e a rans1er o1 an, &ro&er , ri)h in consi(era ion o1 some loan o1 mone,cre(i or o her &ersonal &ro&er ,- whe her he loan clearl, a&&ears in he (oc2men or is shown in an, o her 1orm- shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine o1 a s2m ran)in) 1rom *5 o 95 &er cen o1 he 0al2e o1 he obli)a ion con rac e( b, he minor. Ar . 7*>. (ther deceits. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine o1 no less han he amo2n o1 he (ama)e ca2se( an( no more han wice s2ch amo2n shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall (e1ra2( or (ama)e ano her b, an, o her (ecei no men ione( in he &rece(in) ar icles o1 his cha& er. An, &erson who- 1or &ro1i or )ain- shall in er&re (reamsma6e 1orecas s- ell 1or 2nes- or a6e a(0an a)e o1 he cre(2li , o1 he &2blic in an, o her similar manner- shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos. Cha& er Se0en C$ATTEL MORT!A!E Ar . 7*8. )emoval' sale or pledge of mortgaged property. ' The &enal , or arres o ma,or or a 1ine amo2n in) o wice he 0al2e o1 he &ro&er , shall be im&ose( 2&on< *. An, &erson who shall 6nowin)l, remo0e an, &ersonal &ro&er , mor )a)e( 2n(er he Cha el Mor )a)e Law o an, &ro0ince or ci , o her han he one in which i was loca e( a he ime o1 he e3ec2 ion o1 he mor )a)ewi ho2 he wri en consen o1 he mor )a)ee- or his e3ec2 ors- a(minis ra ors or assi)ns. 4. An, mor )a)or who shall sell or &le()e &ersonal &ro&er , alrea(, &le()e(- or an, &ar hereo1- 2n(er he erms o1 he Cha el Mor )a)e Law- wi ho2 he consen o1 he mor )a)ee wri en on he bac6 o1 he mor )a)e an( no e( on he recor( hereo1 in he o11ice

o1 he Re)is er o1 Dee(s o1 &ro&er , is loca e(.

he &ro0ince where s2ch

Cha& er Ei)h ARSON AND OT$ER CRIMES INCOLCIN! DESTR"CTIONS Ar . 745. #estructive arson. ' The &enal , o1 recl2sion em&oral in i s ma3im2m &erio( o recl2sion &er&e 2a shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall b2rn< *. An, arsenal- shi&,ar(- s oreho2se or mili ar, &ow(er or 1irewor6s 1ac or,- or(inance- s oreho2se- archi0es or )eneral m2se2m o1 he !o0ernmen . 4. An, &assen)er 0essel o2 o1 &or . rain or mo or 0ehicle in mo ion or

7. In an inhabi e( &lace- an, s oreho2se or 1ac or, o1 in1lammable or e3&losi0e ma erials. Ar . 74*. (ther forms of arson. ' When he arson consis s in he b2rnin) o1 o her &ro&er , an( 2n(er he circ2ms ances )i0en here2n(er- he o11en(er shall be &2nishable< *. B, recl2sion em&oral or recl2sion &er&e 2a< .a/ i1 he o11en(er shall se 1ire o an, b2il(in)1armho2se- wareho2se- h2 - shel er- or 0essel in &or - 6nowin) i o be occ2&ie( a he ime b, one or more &ersons= .b/ I1 he b2il(in) b2rne( is a &2blic b2il(in) an( 0al2e o1 he (ama)e ca2se( e3cee(s :-555 &esos= .c/ I1 he b2il(in) b2rne( is a &2blic b2il(in) an( he &2r&ose is o (es ro, e0i(ence 6e& herein o be 2se( in ins i 2 in) &rosec2 ion 1or he &2nishmen o1 0iola ors o1 he law- irres&ec i0e o1 he amo2n o1 he (ama)e=chan robles 0ir 2al law librar, .(/ I1 he b2il(in) b2rne( is a &2blic b2il(in) an( he &2r&ose is o (es ro, e0i(ence 6e& herein o be 2se( in le)isla i0e- A2(icial or a(minis ra i0e &rocee(in)s- irres&ec i0e o1 he amo2n o1 he (ama)e= Pro0i(e(- howe0er- Tha i1 he e0i(ence (es ro,e( is o be 2se( a)ains he (e1en(an 1or he &rosec2 ion o1 an, crime &2nishable 2n(er e3is in) lawshe &enal , shall be recl2sion &er&e 2a=

.e/ I1 he arson shall ha0e been commi e( wi h he in en ion o1 collec in) 2n(er an ins2rance &olic, a)ains loss or (ama)e b, 1ire. 4. B, recl2sion em&oral<

.a/ I1 an inhabi e( ho2se or an, o her b2il(in) in which &eo&le are acc2s ome( o mee is se on 1irean( he c2l&ri (i( no 6now ha s2ch ho2se or b2il(in) was occ2&ie( a he ime- or i1 he shall se 1ire o a mo0in) 1rei)h rain or mo or 0ehicle- an( he 0al2e o1 he (ama)e ca2se( e3cee(s :-555 &esos= .b/ I1 he 0al2e o1 he (ama)e ca2se( in &ara)ra&h .b/ o1 he &rece(in) s2b(i0ision (oes no e3cee( :-555 &esos= .c/ I1 a 1arm- s2)ar mill- cane mill- mill cen ralbamboo )ro0es or an, similar &lan a ion is se on 1ire an( he (ama)e ca2se( e3cee(s :-555 &esos= an( .(/ I1 )rain 1iel(s- &as 2re lan(s- or 1ores s- or &lan in)s are se on 1ire- an( he (ama)e ca2se( e3cee(s :-555 &esos. 7. B, &rision ma,or<

.a/ I1 he 0al2e o1 he (ama)e ca2se( in he case men ione( in &ara)ra&hs .a/- .c/- an( .(/ in he ne3 &rece(in) s2b(i0ision (oes no e3cee( :-555 &esos= .b/ I1 a b2il(in) no 2se( as a (wellin) or &lace o1 assembl,- loca e( in a &o&2la e( &lace- is se on 1ire- an( he (ama)e ca2se( e3cee(s :-555 &esos= +. B, &rision correccional in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio(< .a/ I1 a b2il(in) 2se( as (wellin) loca e( in an 2ninhabi e( &lace is se on 1ire an( he (ama)e ca2se( e3cee(s *-555 &esos=

.b/ I1 he 0al2e or he (ama)e ca2se( in he case men ione( in &ara)ra&hs .c/ an( .(/ o1 s2b(i0ision 4 o1 his ar icle (oes no e3cee( 455 &esos. 9. B, &rision correccional in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision ma,or in i s minim2m &erio(- when he (ama)e ca2se( is o0er 455 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( *-555 &esos- an( he &ro&er , re1erre( o in &ara)ra&h .a/ o1 he &rece(in) s2b(i0ision is se on 1ire= b2 when he 0al2e o1 s2ch &ro&er , (oes no e3cee( 455 &esos- he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree han ha &rescribe( in his s2b(i0ision shall be im&ose(. :. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- i1 he (ama)e ca2se( in he case men ione( in &ara)ra&h .b/ o1 s2b(i0ision 7 o1 his ar icle (oes no e3cee( :-555 &esos b2 is o0er 455 &esos. ;. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 he (ama)e ca2se( in he case men ione( &ara)ra&h .b/ s2b(i0ision 7 o1 his ar icle (oes no e3cee( 455 &esos. >. The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or an( a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 1i1 , o one h2n(re( &er cen 2m i1 he (ama)e ca2se( shall be im&ose(- when he &ro&er , b2rne( consis s o1 )rain 1iel(s- &as 2re lan(s- 1ores s- or &lan a ions when he 0al2e o1 s2ch &ro&er , (oes no e3cee( 455 &esos. .As amen(e( b, R.A. 9+:;- a&&ro0e( Ma, *4- *8:8/. Ar . 744. Cases o1 arson no incl2(e( in he ar icles. ' Cases o1 arson no incl2(e( in he ne3 ar icles shall be &2nishe(< *. B, arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m an( &erio(s- when he (ama)e ca2se( (oes no &esos= &rece(in) &rece(in) ma3im2m e3cee( 95

4. B, arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- when he (ama)e ca2se( is o0er 95 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( 455 &esos= 7. B, &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 he (ama)e ca2se( is o0er 455 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( *-555 &esos= an(

+. B, &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- i1 i is o0er *-555 &esos. Ar . 747. !rson of property of small value . ' The arson o1 an, 2ninhabi e( h2 - s oreho2se- barn- she(- or an, o her &ro&er , he 0al2e o1 which (oes no e3cee( 49 &esoscommi e( a a ime or 2n(er circ2ms ances which clearl, e3cl2(e all (an)er o1 he 1ire s&rea(in)- shall no be &2nishe( b, he &enal ies res&ec i0el, &rescribe( in his cha& er- b2 in accor(ance wi h he (ama)e ca2se( an( 2n(er he &ro0isions o1 he 1ollowin) cha& er. Ar . 74+. Crimes involving destruction. ' An, &erson who shall ca2se (es r2c ion b, means o1 e3&losion- (ischar)e o1 elec ric c2rren - in2n(a ion- sin6in) or s ran(in) o1 a 0esselin en ional (ama)in) o1 he en)ine o1 sai( 0essel- a6in) 2& he rails 1rom a railwa, rac6- malicio2sl, chan)in) railwa, si)nals 1or he sa1e , o1 mo0in) rains- (es ro,in) ele)ra&h wires an( ele)ra&h &os s- or hose o1 an, o her s,s eman(- in )eneral- b, 2sin) an, o her a)enc, or means o1 (es r2c ion as e11ec i0e as hose abo0e en2mera e(- shall be &2nishe( b, recl2sion em&oral i1 he commission has en(an)ere( he sa1e , o1 an, &erson- o herwise- he &enal , o1 &rision ma,or shall be im&ose(. Ar . 749. 7urning one+s own property as means to commit arson. ' An, &erson )2il , o1 arson or ca2sin) )rea (es r2c ion o1 he &ro&er , belon)in) o ano her shall s211er he &enal ies &rescribe( in his cha& er- e0en ho2)h he shall ha0e se 1ire o or (es ro,e( his own &ro&er , 1or he &2r&oses o1 commi in) he crime. Ar . 74:. &etting fire to property e%clusively owned "y the offender. ' I1 he &ro&er , b2rne( shall be he e3cl2si0e &ro&er , o1 he o11en(er- he shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(- i1 he arson shall ha0e been commi e( 1or he &2r&ose o1 (e1ra2(in) or ca2sin) (ama)e o ano her- or &reA2(ice shall ac 2all, ha0e been ca2se(- or i1 he hin) b2rne( shall ha0e been a b2il(in) in an inhabi e( &lace. Ar . 74:DA. In cases where death resulted as a conse0uence of arson. ' I1 (ea h res2l e( as a conse@2ence o1 arson commi e( on an, o1 he &ro&er ies an( 2n(er an, o1 he circ2ms ances men ione( in he &rece(in) ar icles- he co2r shall im&ose he (ea h &enal ,.

Ar . 74:DB. Prima facie evidence of arson. ' An, o1 he 1ollowin) circ2ms ances shall cons i 2 e &rima 1acie e0i(ence o1 arson< *. I1 a1 er he 1ire- are 1o2n( ma erials or s2bs ances soa6e( in )asoline- 6erosene- &e role2m- or o her in1lammables- or an, mechanical- elec rical chemical or races or an, o1 he 1ore)oin). 4. Tha s2bs an ial amo2n o1 in1lammable s2bs ance or ma erials were s ore( wi hin he b2il(in) no necessar, in he co2rse o1 he (e1en(an Fs b2siness= an( 7. Tha he 1ire s ar e( sim2l aneo2sl, in more han one &ar o1 he b2il(in) or locale 2n(er circ2ms ances ha canno normall, be (2e o acci(en al or 2nin en ional ca2ses< Pro0i(e(- howe0er- Tha a leas one o1 he 1ollowin) is &resen in an, o1 he hree abo0eD men ione( circ2ms ances< .a/ Tha he o al ins2rance carrie( on he b2il(in) an(Jor )oo(s is more han >5 &er cen o1 he 0al2e o1 s2ch b2il(in) an(Jor )oo(s a he ime o1 he 1ire= .b/ Tha he (e1en(an a1 er he 1ire has &resen e( a 1ra2(2len claim 1or loss. The &enal , o1 &rision correccional shall be im&ose( on one who &lan s he ar icles abo0eDmen ione(- in or(er o sec2re a con0ic ion- or as a means o1 e3 or ion or coercion. .As
amen(e( b, R.A. 9+:;a&&ro0e( Ma, *4*8:8/. <clic# here for the full text of !R*2+7*NT+A. 7*CR** N$. 1'13 A9*N7+NG T)* .A/ $N AR2$N= <Clic# here for the full text of !R*2+7*NT+A. 7*CR** N$. 1(&& A9*N7+NG ART+C.* T)R** ),N7R*7 AN7 T/*NT4 $: T)* R*3+2*7 !*NA. C$7* !R$3+2+$N2 $N AR2$N=

Cha& er Nine MALICIO"S MISC$IE% Ar . 74;. .ho are lia"le for malicious mischief. ' An, &erson

who shall (elibera el, ca2se he &ro&er , o1 ano her an, (ama)e no 1allin) wi hin he erms o1 he ne3 &rece(in) cha& er shall be )2il , o1 malicio2s mischie1. Ar . 74>. &pecial cases of malicious mischief. ' An, &erson who shall ca2se (ama)e o obs r2c he &er1ormance o1 &2blic 12nc ions- or 2sin) an, &oisono2s or corrosi0e s2bs ance= or s&rea(in) an, in1ec ion or con a)ion amon) ca le= or who ca2se (ama)e o he &ro&er , o1 he Na ional M2se2m or Na ional Librar,- or o an, archi0e or re)is r,wa erwor6s- roa(- &romena(e- or an, o her hin) 2se( in common b, he &2blic- shall be &2nishe(< *. B, &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 he 0al2e o1 he (ama)e ca2se( e3cee(s *-555 &esos= 4. B, arres o ma,or- i1 s2ch 0al2e (oes no e3cee( he abo0emen ione( amo2n b2 i is o0er 455 &esos= an( 7. B, arres o menor- in s2ch 0al2e (oes no e3cee( 455 &esos. Ar . 748. (ther mischiefs. ' The mischie1s no incl2(e( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar icle shall be &2nishe(< *. B, arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s- i1 he 0al2e o1 he (ama)e ca2se( e3cee(s *-555 &esos= 4. B, arres o ma,or in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s- i1 s2ch 0al2e is o0er 455 &esos b2 (oes no e3cee( *-555 &esos= an( 7. B, arres o menor or 1ine o1 no less han he 0al2e o1 he (ama)e ca2se( an( no more han 455 &esos- i1 he amo2n in0ol0e( (oes no e3cee( 455 &esos or canno be es ima e(. Ar . 775. #amage and o"struction to means of communication. ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall (ama)e an, railwa,ele)ra&h or ele&hone lines. I1 he (ama)e shall res2l in an, (erailmen o1 cars- collision or o her acci(en - he &enal , o1 &rision ma,or shall be

im&ose(- wi ho2 &reA2(ice o he criminal liabili , o1 o11en(er 1or he o her conse@2ences o1 his criminal ac .

he

%or he &2r&ose o1 he &ro0isions o1 he ar icle- he elec ric wires- rac ion cables- si)nal s,s em an( o her hin)s &er ainin) o railwa,s- shall be (eeme( o cons i 2 e an in e)ral &ar o1 a railwa, s,s em. Ar . 77*. #estroying or damaging statues' pu"lic monuments or paintings. ' An, &erson who shall (es ro, or (ama)e s a 2es or an, o her 2se12l or ornamen al &2blic mon2men shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio(. An, &erson who shall (es ro, or (ama)e an, 2se12l or ornamen al &ain in) o1 a &2blic na 2re shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esosor bo h s2ch 1ine an( im&risonmen - in he (iscre ion o1 he co2r . Cha& er Ten EBEMPTION %ROM CRIMINAL LIABILIT# IN CRIMES A!AINST PROPERT# Ar . 774. Persons e%empt from criminal lia"ility . ' No criminal- b2 onl, ci0il liabili ,- shall res2l 1rom he commission o1 he crime o1 he1 - swin(lin) or malicio2s mischie1 commi e( or ca2se( m2 2all, b, he 1ollowin) &ersons< *. S&o2ses- ascen(an s an( (escen(an s- or rela i0es b, a11ini , in he same line. 4. The wi(owe( s&o2se wi h res&ec o he &ro&er , which belon)e( o he (ecease( s&o2se be1ore he same shall ha0e &asse( in o he &ossession o1 ano her= an( 7. Bro hers an( sis ers an( bro hersDinDlaw an( sis ersD inDlaw- i1 li0in) o)e her. The e3em& ion es ablishe( b, his ar icle shall no be a&&licable o s ran)ers &ar ici&a in) in he commission o1 he crime. Ti le Ele0en

CRIMES A!AINST C$ASTIT# Cha& er One AD"LTER# AND CONC"BINA!E Ar . 777. .ho are guilty of adultery. ' A(2l er, is commi e( b, an, marrie( woman who shall ha0e se32al in erco2rse wi h a man no her h2sban( an( b, he man who has carnal 6nowle()e o1 her 6nowin) her o be marrie(e0en i1 he marria)e be s2bse@2en l, (eclare( 0oi(. A(2l er, shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s. I1 he &erson )2il , o1 a(2l er, commi e( his o11ense while bein) aban(one( wi ho2 A2s i1ica ion b, he o11en(e( s&o2se- he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree han ha &ro0i(e( in he ne3 &rece(in) &ara)ra&h shall be im&ose(. Ar . 77+. Concu"inage. ' An, h2sban( who shall 6ee& a mis ress in he conA2)al (wellin)- or shall ha0e se32al in erco2rse- 2n(er scan(alo2s circ2ms ances- wi h a woman who is no his wi1e- or shall cohabi wi h her in an, o her &lace- shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s. The conc2bine shall s211er he &enal , o1 (es ierro.

Cha& er Two RAPE AND ACTS O% LASCICIO"SNESS Ar . 779. .hen and how rape is committed. ' Ra&e is commi e( b, ha0in) carnal 6nowle()e o1 a woman 2n(er an, o1 he 1ollowin) circ2ms ances< *. B, 2sin) 1orce or in imi(a ion= 4. When he woman is (e&ri0e( o1 reason or o herwise 2nconscio2s= an( 7. When he woman is 2n(er wel0e ,ears o1 a)e- e0en ho2)h nei her o1 he circ2ms ances men ione( in he wo ne3 &rece(in) &ara)ra&hs shall be &resen . The crime o1 ra&e shall be &2nishe( b, recl2sion &er&e 2a.

Whene0er he crime o1 ra&e is commi e( wi h he 2se o1 a (ea(l, wea&on or b, wo or more &ersons- he &enal , shall be recl2sion &er&e 2a o (ea h. When b, reason or on he occasion o1 he ra&e- he 0ic im has become insane- he &enal , shall be (ea h. When ra&e is a em& e( or 1r2s ra e( an( a homici(e is commi e( b, reason or on he occasion hereo1- he &enal , shall be li6ewise (ea h. When b, reason or on he occasion o1 he ra&e- a homici(e is commi e(- he &enal , shall be (ea h. .As amen(e( b, R.A. 4:74a&&ro0e( E2ne *>- *8:5- an( R.A. +***- a&&ro0e( E2ne 45- *8:+/.

Ar . 77:. !cts of lasciviousness. ' An, &erson who shall commi an, ac o1 lasci0io2sness 2&on o her &ersons o1 ei her se3- 2n(er an, o1 he circ2ms ances men ione( in he &rece(in) ar icle- shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional. Cha& er Three SED"CTION- CORR"PTION O% MINORS AND W$ITE SLACE TRADE Ar . 77;. ualified seduction. ' The se(2c ion o1 a 0ir)in o0er wel0e ,ears an( 2n(er ei)h een ,ears o1 a)ecommi e( b, an, &erson in &2blic a2 hori ,- &ries - homeD ser0an - (omes ic- )2ar(ian- eacher- or an, &erson who- in an, ca&aci ,- shall be en r2s e( wi h he e(2ca ion or c2s o(, o1 he woman se(2ce(- shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s. The &enal , ne3 hi)her in (e)ree shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall se(2ce his sis er or (escen(an whe her or no she be a 0ir)in or o0er ei)h een ,ears o1 a)e. "n(er he &ro0isions o1 his Cha& er- se(2c ion is commi e( when he o11en(er has carnal 6nowle()e o1 an, o1 he &ersons an( 2n(er he circ2ms ances (escribe( herein. Ar . 77>. &imple seduction. ' The se(2c ion o1 a woman who is sin)le or a wi(ow o1 )oo( re&2 a ion- o0er wel0e b2 2n(er ei)h een ,ears o1 a)e- commi e( b, means o1 (ecei shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or.

Ar . 778. !cts of lasciviousness with the consent of the offended party. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or shall be im&ose( o &2nish an, o her ac s o1 lasci0io2sness commi e( b, he same &ersons an( he same circ2ms ances as hose &ro0i(e( in Ar icles 77; an( 77>.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar, Ar . 7+5. Corruption of minors. ' An, &erson who shall &romo e or 1acili a e he &ros i 2 ion or corr2& ion o1 &ersons 2n(era)e o sa is1, he l2s o1 ano her- shall be &2nishe( b, &rision ma,or- an( i1 he c2l&ri is a &2bic o11icer or em&lo,ee- incl2(in) hose in )o0ernmen Downe( or con rolle( cor&ora ions- he shall also s211er he &enal , o1 em&orar, absol2 e (is@2ali1ica ion. .As amen(e( b, Ba as
Pambansa Bl). 84/.

Ar . 7+*. .hite slave trade. ' The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio( shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- in an, manner- or 2n(er an, &re e3 - shall en)a)e in he b2siness or shall &ro1i b, &ros i 2 ion or shall enlis he ser0ices o1 an, o her 1or he &2r&ose o1 &ros i 2 ion .As amen(e( b, Ba as Pambansa Bl). *>:./ Cha& er %o2r ABD"CTION Ar . 7+4. Forci"le a"duction. ' The ab(2c ion o1 an, woman a)ains her will an( wi h lew( (esi)ns shall be &2nishe( b, recl2sion em&oral. The same &enal , shall be im&ose( in e0er, case- i1 1emale ab(2c e( be 2n(er wel0e ,ears o1 a)e. he

Ar . 7+7. Consented a"duction. ' The ab(2c ion o1 a 0ir)in o0er wel0e ,ears an( 2n(er ei)h een ,ears o1 a)e- carrie( o2 wi h her consen an( wi h lew( (esi)ns- shall be &2nishe( b, he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s. Cha& er %i0e PROCISIONS RELATICE TO T$E PRECEDIN! C$APTERS O% TITLE ELECEN Ar . 7++. Prosecution of the crimes of adultery' concu"inage' seduction' a"duction' rape and acts of lasciviousness.' The crimes o1 a(2l er, an( conc2bina)e

shall no be &rosec2 e( e3ce& 2&on a com&lain 1ile( b, he o11en(e( s&o2se. The o11en(e( &ar , canno ins i 2 e criminal &rosec2 ion wi ho2 incl2(in) bo h he )2il , &ar ies- i1 he, are bo h ali0e- nor- in an, case- i1 he shall ha0e consen e( or &ar(one( he o11en(ers. The o11enses o1 se(2c ion- ab(2c ion- ra&e or lasci0io2sness- shall no be &rosec2 e( e3ce& com&lain 1ile( b, he o11en(e( &ar , or her )ran(&aren s- or )2ar(ian- nor- in an, case- i1 he has been e3&ressl, &ar(one( b, he abo0e name( as he case ma, be. ac s o1 2&on a &aren so11en(er &ersons-

In cases o1 se(2c ion- ab(2c ion- ac s o1 lasci0io2sness an( ra&e- he marria)e o1 he o11en(er wi h he o11en(e( &ar , shall e3 in)2ish he criminal ac ion or remi he &enal , alrea(, im&ose( 2&on him. The &ro0isions o1 his &ara)ra&h shall also be a&&licable o he coD&rinci&als- accom&lices an( accessories a1 er he 1ac o1 he abo0eDmen ione( crimes. Ar . 7+9. Civil lia"ility of persons guilty of crimes against chastity. ' Person )2il , o1 ra&e- se(2c ion or ab(2c ionshall also be sen ence(< *. To in(emni1, he o11en(e( woman. 4. To ac6nowle()e he o11s&rin)- 2nless he law sho2l( &re0en him 1rom so (oin). 7. In e0er, case o s2&&or he o11s&rin).

The a(2l erer an( he conc2bine in he case &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar icles 777 an( 77+ ma, also be sen ence(- in he same &rocee(in) or in a se&ara e ci0il &rocee(in)- o in(emni1, 1or (ama)es ca2se( o he o11en(e( s&o2se. Ar . 7+:. :ia"ility of ascendants' guardians' teachers' or other persons entrusted with the custody of the offended party. ' The ascen(an s- )2ar(ians- c2ra ors- eachers an( an, &erson who- b, ab2se o1 a2 hori , or con1i(en ial rela ionshi&s- shall coo&era e as accom&lices in he &er&e ra ion o1 he crimes embrace( in cha& ers- secon(hir( an( 1o2r h- o1 his i le- shall be &2nishe( as &rinci&als.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar,

Teachers or o her &ersons in an, o her ca&aci , en r2s e( wi h he e(2ca ion an( )2i(ance o1 ,o2 h- shall also s211er he &enal , o1 em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &er&e 2al s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion. An, &erson 1allin) wi hin he erms o1 his ar icle- an( an, o her &erson )2il , o1 corr2& ion o1 minors 1or he bene1i o1 ano her- shall be &2nishe( b, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion 1rom 1illin) he o11ice o1 )2ar(ian. Ti le Twel0e CRIMES A!AINST T$E CICIL STAT"S O% PERSONS Cha& er one SIM"LATION O% BIRT$S AND "S"RPATION O% CICIL STAT"S Ar . 7+;. &imulation of "irths' su"stitution of one child for another and concealment or a"andonment of a legitimate child. ' The sim2la ion o1 bir hs an( he s2bs i 2 ion o1 one chil( 1or ano her shall be &2nishe( b, &rision ma,or an( a 1ine o1 no e3cee(in) *-555 &esos. The same &enal ies shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall conceal or aban(on an, le)i ima e chil( wi h in en o ca2se s2ch chil( o lose i s ci0il s a 2s. An, &h,sician or s2r)eon or &2blic o11icer who- in 0iola ion o1 he (2 ies o1 his &ro1ession or o11ice- shall coo&era e in he e3ec2 ion o1 an, o1 he crimes men ione( in he wo ne3 &rece(in) &ara)ra&hs- shall s211er he &enal ies herein &rescribe( an( also he &enal , o1 em&orar, s&ecial (is@2ali1ica ion. Ar . 7+>. /surpation of civil status. ' The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall 2s2r& he ci0il s a 2s o1 ano her- sho2l( he (o so 1or he &2r&ose o1 (e1ra2(in) he o11en(e( &ar or his heirs= o herwise- he &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s shall be im&ose(. Cha& er Two ILLE!AL MARRIA!ES Ar . 7+8. 7igamy. ' The &enal , o1 &rision ma,or shall be

im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall con rac a secon( or s2bse@2en marria)e be1ore he 1ormer marria)e has been le)all, (issol0e(- or be1ore he absen s&o2se has been (eclare( &res2m& i0el, (ea( b, means o1 a A2()men ren(ere( in he &ro&er &rocee(in)s. Ar . 795. Marriage contracted against provisions of laws . ' The &enal , o1 &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson whowi ho2 bein) incl2(e( in he &ro0isions o1 he ne3 &rocee(in) ar icle- shall ha0e no been com&lie( wi h or ha he marria)e is in (isre)ar( o1 a le)al im&e(imen . I1 ei her o1 he con rac in) &ar ies shall ob ain he consen o1 he o her b, means o1 0iolence- in imi(a ion or 1ra2(- he shall be &2nishe( b, he ma3im2m &erio( o1 he &enal , &ro0i(e( in he ne3 &rece(in) &ara)ra&h. Ar . 79*. Premature marriages. ' An, wi(ow who shall marr, wi hin hree h2n(re( an( one (a, 1rom he (a e o1 he (ea h o1 her h2sban(- or be1ore ha0in) (eli0ere( i1 she shall ha0e been &re)nan a he ime o1 his (ea h- shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or an( a 1ine no e3cee(in) 955 &esos. The same &enal ies shall be im&ose( 2&on an, woman whose marria)e shall ha0e been ann2lle( or (issol0e(- i1 she shall marr, be1ore her (eli0er, or be1ore he e3&ira ion o1 he &erio( o1 hree h2n(re( an( one (a, a1 er he le)al se&ara ion. Ar . 794. Performance of illegal marriage ceremony. ' Pries s or minis ers o1 an, reli)io2s (enomina ion or sec - or ci0il a2 hori ies who shall &er1orm or a2 hori?e an, ille)al marria)e ceremon, shall be &2nishe( in accor(ance wi h he &ro0isions o1 he Marria)e Law. Ti le Thir een CRIMES A!AINST $ONOR Cha& er One LIBEL Sec ion One. ' De1ini ions- 1orms- an( &2nishmen o1 his crime.

Ar . 797. #efinition of li"el. ' A libel is &2blic an( malicio2s im&2 a ion o1 a crime- or o1 a 0ice or (e1ec - real or ima)inar,- or an, ac - omission- con(i ion- s a 2s- or circ2ms ance en(in) o ca2se he (ishonor- (iscre(i - or con em& o1 a na 2ral or A2ri(ical &erson- or o blac6en he memor, o1 one who is (ea(. Ar . 79+. )e0uirement for pu"licity. ' E0er, (e1ama or, im&2 a ion is &res2me( o be malicio2s- e0en i1 i be r2e- i1 no )oo( in en ion an( A2s i1iable mo i0e 1or ma6in) i is shown- e3ce& in he 1ollowin) cases< *. A &ri0a e comm2nica ion ma(e b, an, &erson o ano her in he &er1ormance o1 an, le)al- moral or social (2 ,= an( 4. A 1air an( r2e re&or - ma(e in )oo( 1ai h- wi ho2 an, commen s or remar6s- o1 an, A2(icial- le)isla i0e or o her o11icial &rocee(in)s which are no o1 con1i(en ial na 2re- or o1 an, s a emen - re&or or s&eech (eli0ere( in sai( &rocee(in)s- or o1 an, o her ac &er1orme( b, &2blic o11icers in he e3ercise o1 heir 12nc ions. Ar . 799. :i"el means "y writings or similar means. ' A libel commi e( b, means o1 wri in)- &rin in)- li ho)ra&h,en)ra0in)ra(io&hono)ra&h&ain in)hea rical e3hibi ion- cinema o)ra&hic e3hibi ion- or an, similar means- shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o :-555 &esos- or bo h- in a((i ion o he ci0il ac ion which ma, be bro2)h b, he o11en(e( &ar ,. Ar . 79:. Threatening to pu"lish and offer to present such pu"lication for a compensation. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine 1rom 455 o 4-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who hrea ens ano her o &2blish a libel concernin) him or he &aren s- s&o2se- chil(- or o her members o1 he 1amil, o1 he la er or 2&on an,one who shall o11er o &re0en he &2blica ion o1 s2ch libel 1or a com&ensa ion or mone, consi(era ion. Ar . 79;. Prohi"ited pu"lication of acts referred to in the course of official proceedings. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or or a 1ine o1 1rom 45 o 4-555 &esos- or bo h- shall be im&ose( 2&on an, re&or er- e(i or or mana)er or a news&a&er- (ail, or ma)a?ine- who shall &2blish 1ac s

connec e( wi h he &ri0a e li1e o1 ano her an( o11ensi0e o he honor- 0ir 2e an( re&2 a ion o1 sai( &erson- e0en ho2)h sai( &2blica ion be ma(e in connec ion wi h or 2n(er he &re e3 ha i is necessar, in he narra ion o1 an, A2(icial or a(minis ra i0e &rocee(in)s wherein s2ch 1ac s ha0e been men ione(. Ar . 79>. &lander. ' Oral (e1ama ion shall be &2nishe( b, arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( i1 i is o1 a serio2s an( ins2l in) na 2re= o herwise he &enal , shall be arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos. Ar . 798. &lander "y deed. ' The &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s minim2m &erio( or a 1ine ran)in) 1rom 455 o *-555 &esos shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who shall &er1orm an, ac no incl2(e( an( &2nishe( in his i le- which shall cas (ishonor- (iscre(i or con em& 2&on ano her &erson. I1 sai( ac is no o1 a serio2s na 2re- he &enal , shall be arres o menor or a 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos. Sec ion Two. ' !eneral &ro0isions Ar . 7:5. Persons responsi"le. ' An, &erson who shall &2blish- e3hibi - or ca2se he &2blica ion or e3hibi ion o1 an, (e1ama ion in wri in) or b, similar means- shall be res&onsible 1or he same. The a2 hor or e(i or o1 a boo6 or &am&hle - or he e(i or or b2siness mana)er o1 a (ail, news&a&er- ma)a?ine or serial &2blica ion- shall be res&onsible 1or he (e1ama ions con aine( herein o he same e3 en as i1 he were he a2 hor hereo1. The criminal an( ci0il ac ion 1or (ama)es in cases o1 wri en (e1ama ions as &ro0i(e( 1or in his cha& er- shall be 1ile( sim2l aneo2sl, or se&ara el, wi h he co2r o1 1irs ins ance o1 he &ro0ince or ci , where he libelo2s ar icle is &rin e( an( 1irs &2blishe( or where an, o1 he o11en(e( &ar ies ac 2all, resi(es a he ime o1 he commission o1 he o11ense<Provided' however- Tha where one o1 he o11en(e( &ar ies is a &2blic o11icer whose o11ice is in he Ci , o1 Manila a he ime o1 he commission o1 he o11ense- he ac ion shall be 1ile( in he Co2r o1 %irs Ins ance o1 he Ci , o1 Manila- or

o1 he ci , or &ro0ince where he libelo2s ar icle is &rin e( an( 1irs &2blishe(- an( in case s2ch &2blic o11icer (oes no hol( o11ice in he Ci , o1 Manila- he ac ion shall be 1ile( in he Co2r o1 %irs Ins ance o1 he &ro0ince or ci , where he hel( o11ice a he ime o1 he commission o1 he o11ense or where he libelo2s ar icle is &rin e( an( 1irs &2blishe( an( in case one o1 he o11en(e( &ar ies is a &ri0a e in(i0i(2alhe ac ion shall be 1ile( in he Co2r o1 %irs Ins ance o1 he &ro0ince or ci , where he ac 2all, resi(es a he ime o1 he commission o1 he o11ense or where he libelo2s ma er is &rin e( an( 1irs &2blishe(< Provided' further- Tha he ci0il ac ion shall be 1ile( in he same co2r where he criminal ac ion is 1ile( an( 0ice 0ersa< Provided' furthermore' Tha he co2r where he criminal ac ion or ci0il ac ion 1or (ama)es is 1irs 1ile(- shall ac@2ire A2ris(ic ion o he e3cl2sion o1 o her co2r s< An(- &ro0i(e(- 1inall,- Tha his amen(men shall no a&&l, o cases o1 wri en (e1ama ionshe ci0il an(Jor criminal ac ions which ha0e been 1ile( in co2r a he ime o1 he e11ec i0i , o1 his law. Preliminar, in0es i)a ion o1 criminal ac ion 1or wri en (e1ama ions as &ro0i(e( 1or in he cha& er shall be con(2c e( b, he &ro0incial or ci , 1iscal o1 he &ro0ince or ci ,- or b, he m2nici&al co2r o1 he ci , or ca&i al o1 he &ro0ince where s2ch ac ion ma, be ins i 2 e( in accor(ance wi h he &ro0isions o1 his ar icle. No criminal ac ion 1or (e1ama ion which consis s in he im&2 a ion o1 a crime which canno be &rosec2 e( (e o1icio shall be bro2)h e3ce& a he ins ance o1 an( 2&on com&lain e3&ressl, 1ile( b, he o11en(e( &ar ,. .As amen(e( b,
R.A. *4>8- a&&ro0e( E2ne *9- *899- R.A. +7:7- a&&ro0e( E2ne *8- *8:9/.

Ar . 7:*. Proof of the truth. ' In e0er, criminal &rosec2 ion 1or libel- he r2 h ma, be )i0en in e0i(ence o he co2r an( i1 i a&&ears ha he ma er char)e( as libelo2s is r2e- an(moreo0er- ha i was &2blishe( wi h )oo( mo i0es an( 1or A2s i1iable en(s- he (e1en(an s shall be ac@2i e(. Proo1 o1 he r2 h o1 an im&2 a ion o1 an ac or omission no cons i 2 in) a crime shall no be a(mi e(- 2nless he im&2 a ion shall ha0e been ma(e a)ains !o0ernmen em&lo,ees wi h res&ec o 1ac s rela e( o he (ischar)e o1 heir o11icial (2 ies.

In s2ch cases i1 he (e1en(an &ro0es he r2 h o1 im&2 a ion ma(e b, him- he shall be ac@2i e(.

he

Ar . 7:4. :i"elous remar1s. ' Libelo2s remar6s or commen s connec e( wi h he ma er &ri0ile)e( 2n(er he &ro0isions o1 Ar icle 79+- i1 ma(e wi h malice- shall no e3em& he a2 hor hereo1 nor he e(i or or mana)in) e(i or o1 a news&a&er 1rom criminal liabili ,. Cha& er Two INCRIMINATOR# MAC$INATIONS Ar . 7:7. Incriminating innocent person. ' An, &erson whob, an, ac no cons i 2 in) &erA2r,- shall (irec l, incrimina e or im&2 e o an innocen &erson he commission o1 a crimeshall be &2nishe( b, arres o menor. Ar . 7:+. Intriguing against honor. ' The &enal , o1 arres o menor or 1ine no e3cee(in) 455 &esos shall be im&ose( 1or an, in ri)2e which has 1or i s &rinci&al &2r&ose o blemish he honor or re&2 a ion o1 a &erson. Ti le %o2r een K"ASIDO%%ENSES Sole Cha& er CRIMINAL NE!LI!ENCE Ar . 7:9. Imprudence and negligence. ' An, &erson who- b, rec6less im&r2(ence- shall commi an, ac which- ha( i been in en ional- wo2l( cons i 2 e a )ra0e 1elon,- shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s ma3im2m &erio( o &rision correccional in i s me(i2m &erio(= i1 i wo2l( ha0e cons i 2 e( a less )ra0e 1elon,- he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s minim2m an( me(i2m &erio(s shall be im&ose(= i1 i wo2l( ha0e cons i 2 e( a li)h 1elon,- he &enal , o1 arres o menor in i s ma3im2m &erio( shall be im&ose(. An, &erson who- b, sim&le im&r2(ence or ne)li)ence- shall commi an ac which wo2l( o herwise cons i 2 e a )ra0e 1elon,- shall s211er he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s= i1 i wo2l( ha0e cons i 2 e(

a less serio2s 1elon,- he &enal , o1 arres o ma,or in i s minim2m &erio( shall be im&ose(. When he e3ec2 ion o1 he ac co0ere( b, his ar icle shall ha0e onl, res2l e( in (ama)e o he &ro&er , o1 ano her- he o11en(er shall be &2nishe( b, a 1ine ran)in) 1rom an amo2n e@2al o he 0al2e o1 sai( (ama)es o hree imes s2ch 0al2e- b2 which shall in no case be less han wen ,D1i0e &esos. A 1ine no e3cee(in) wo h2n(re( &esos an( cens2re shall be im&ose( 2&on an, &erson who- b, sim&le im&r2(ence or ne)li)ence- shall ca2se some wron) which- i1 (one malicio2sl,- wo2l( ha0e cons i 2 e( a li)h 1elon,. In he im&osi ion o1 hese &enal ies- he co2r shall e3ercise heir so2n( (iscre ion- wi ho2 re)ar( o he r2les &rescribe( in Ar icle si3 ,D1o2r. The &ro0isions a&&licable< con aine( in his ar icle shall no be

*. When he &enal , &ro0i(e( 1or he o11ense is e@2al o or lower han hose &ro0i(e( in he 1irs wo &ara)ra&hs o1 his ar icle- in which case he co2r shall im&ose he &enal , ne3 lower in (e)ree han ha which sho2l( be im&ose( in he &erio( which he, ma, (eem &ro&er o a&&l,. 4. When- b, im&r2(ence or ne)li)ence an( wi h 0iola ion o1 he A2 omobile Law- o (ea h o1 a &erson shall be ca2se(- in which case he (e1en(an shall be &2nishe( b, &rision correccional in i s me(i2m an( ma3im2m &erio(s. Rec6less im&r2(ence consis s in 0ol2n ar,- b2 wi ho2 malice- (oin) or 1allin) o (o an ac 1rom which ma erial (ama)e res2l s b, reason o1 ine3c2sable lac6 o1 &reca2 ion on he &ar o1 he &erson &er1ormin) o1 1ailin) o &er1orm s2ch ac - a6in) in o consi(era ion his em&lo,men or occ2&a ion- (e)ree o1 in elli)ence- &h,sical con(i ion an( o her circ2ms ances re)ar(in) &ersons- ime an( &lace. Sim&le im&r2(ence consis s in he lac6 o1 &reca2 ion (is&la,e( in hose cases in which he (ama)e im&en(in) o be ca2se( is no imme(ia e nor he (an)er clearl, mani1es .

The &enal , ne3 hi)her in (e)ree o hose &ro0i(e( 1or in his ar icle shall be im&ose( 2&on he o11en(er who 1ails o len( on he s&o o he inA2re( &ar ies s2ch hel& as ma, be in his han( o )i0e. .As amen(e( b, R.A. *;85- a&&ro0e( E2ne 4*- *89;/. %INAL PROCISIONS Ar . 7::. !pplication of laws enacted prior to this Code. ' Wi ho2 &reA2(ice o he &ro0isions con aine( in Ar icle 44 o1 his Co(e- 1elonies an( mis(emeanors- commi e( &rior o he (a e o1 e11ec i0eness o1 his Co(e shall be &2nishe( in accor(ance wi h he Co(e or Ac s in 1orce a he ime o1 heir commission. Ar . 7:;. )epealing Clause. ' E3ce& as is &ro0i(e( in he ne3 &rece(in) ar iclehe &resen Penal Co(ehe Pro0isional Law 1or he a&&lica ion o1 i s &ro0isions- an( Ac s Nos. 4;;- 4>4 -+>5- 9*>- 9*8- >88- **4*- *+7>- *947*998- *:84- *;9+- *899- *;;7- 4545- 457:- 45;*- 4*+444*4- 4487- 448>- 4755- 47:+- 49+8- 499;- 4989- 4:584;*>- 7*57- 7*89- 74++- 748>- 7758- 77*7- 778;- 7998- an( 79>:- are hereb, re&eale(. The &ro0isions o1 he Ac s which are men ione( here2n(er are also re&eale(- namel,< Ac :::- Sec ions : an( *>. Ac *95>- Sec ions 8- *5- **- an( *4. Ac *94+- Sec ions *- 4- an( :. Ac *:8;- Sec ions 7 an( +. Ac *;9;- Sec ions *- 4- 7- +- 9- :- ;- .1irs cla2se/- **an( *4. Ac 47>*- Sec ions 4- 7- +- :- >- an( 8. Ac
0ir 2al law librar,

4;**- Sec ions *54- 4:;5- 4:;*- an( 4:;4.

chan robles

Ac 74+;- Sec ions *- 4- 7- an( 9= an( !eneral Or(erNo. 9>- series o1 *855- Sec ion *5:.

An( all laws an( &ar s o1 laws which are con rar, o he &ro0isions o1 his Co(e are hereb, re&eale(. A&&ro0e(< December >- *875 Ti le o1 ac s re&eale( b, he Re0ise( Penal Co(e are< *. Ac No. 4;;. Law on Libel an( hrea s o &2blish libele c.- now &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar s. 797- 7:4. 4. Ac No. 484- amen(e( b, Ac No. *:84. Law (e1inin) an( &enali?in) he crimes o1 reason- ins2rrec ionse(i ion- e c.- now &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar s. **+D**: an( Ar s *7+D*+4. 7. Ac No. +>5. Law )o0ernin) coc61i)h in) an( coc6&i s- now )o0erne( b, Ar . *88 an( s&ecial laws. +. Ac No. 9*>- amen(e( b, Ac Nos. **4* an( 457:. Law (e1inin) an( &enali?in) hi)hwa, robber, or bri)an(a)e- now co0ere( b, Ar s. 75:D75;. 9. Ac No. 9*8. Law on 0a)ranc, now &enali?e( b, Ar . 454. :. Ac No. :::- Secs. an( : an( *>. Law on ra(eDmar6s an( ra(eDnames now &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar s. *>>D*>8. ;. Ac No. >88- Law re)ar(in) s2s&ension on sen encee c.- 2&on ".S. ci i?ens. >. Ac No. *+7>- amen(e( b, Ac Nos. 7457- 7758- an( 7998- &ro0isions )o0ernin) A20enile o11en(ers an( (elin@2en chil(renheir care an( c2s o(,- now )o0erne( b, Ar . >5. 8. Ac No. *95>- Secs. 8- *5- **- an( *4. The Cha el Mor )a)e Law- now &enali?e( in Ar . 7*8. *5. Ac No. *947. Law &rohibi in) im&or a ion- sale e c.o1 lo er, ic6e s an( lo er,- now &enali?e( in Ar s. *89D*8:. **. Ac No. *94+. Sec. +. Law )o0ernin) (iscre ion o1 !o0ernorD!eneral in )ran in) con(i ional &ar(ons- now co0ere( b, Ar . *98.

*4. Ac No. *9977- Secs. *- 4- an( : amen(e( b, Ac No. *998. Law &ro0i(in) 1or (imin2 ion o1 sen ences b, reason o1 )oo( con(2c an( (ili)ence- now )o0erne( b, Ar . 8;.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar, *7. Ac No. *:8;- Secs. 7 an( +. Ac 1or he &2nishmen o1 &erA2r, in o11icial in0es i)a ions- now &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar s. *>5D*>7. *+. Ac No. *;9+. Law on co2n er1ei in) an( 1or)er,now (e1ine( an( &enali?e( in Ar s. *:5D*:8. *9. Ac No. *;;9. Ac &enali?in) crimes a)ains le)isla i0e bo(ies- now &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar s. *+7D*+9. *:. Ac No. *;9;. Secs. *- 4- 7- +- 9- :- ;- .1irs cla2se/** an( *4 amen(e( b, Ac No. 74+4. Ac &rohibi in) )amblin)- now &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar s. *89D*88. *;. Ac No. **;7. Law on he crime o1 a(2l erioes 2&ro- ra& o- 0iolacion- cal2mnia- inA2ria- e c.- now )o0erne( b, Ar s. 777D7+:. *>. Ac Nos. 45;* an( 4755. Ac )o0ernin) sla0er,in0ol2n ar, ser0i 2(e- &eona)e- an( he sale or &2rchase o1 h2man bein)s- now &enali?e( in Ar s. 4;4D 4;+. *8. Ac No. 44*4. Ac &ro0i(in) 1or he con1isca ion an( (is&osi ion o1 mone,- ar icles- ins r2men s- a&&liances an( (e0ices in )amblin)- now &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar . +9. 45. Ac No. 487. Ac &enali?in) will12l (es r2c ioninA2r,- or a6in) or carr,in) awa, an, &ro&er , o1 he Phili&&ine Librar,- now &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar . 7**. 4*. Ac No. 47:+. Ac &enali?in) in1i(eli , in he c2s o(, o1 &risoners (e aine( 1or or a con0ic e( o1 a crime- now )o0erne( b, Ar s. 447D449. 44. Ac No. 47>*. Secs. 4- 7- +- 9- :- >- an( 8. Ac res ric in) he 2se o1 o&i2m- e c.- now &ro0i(e( 1or in Ar s. *85D*8+. 47. Ac No. 49+8. Ac &rohibi in) he 1orcin)com&ellin)- or obli)in) o1 an, laborer or o her em&lo,ee o &2rchase merchan(ise- commo(i ies- or

&ersonal &ro&er , 2n(er cer ain con(i ions- an( he &a,men o1 wa)es o1 a laborer or em&lo,ee b, means o1 o6ens or obAec s o her han le)al en(er c2rrenc,- now &enali?e( b, Ar . 4>>- an( also )o0erne( b, Com. Ac No. 757 an( he Minim2m Wa)e Law- Re&. Ac No. :54as amen(e( b, Re&. Ac . No. >*4.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar, 4+. Ac No. 499;. Ac &ro0i(in) 1or he allowance o &ersons con0ic e( o1 &re0en i0e im&risonmen - e c.now embo(ie( in Ar . 48. 49. Ac No. 4989. Law 1i3in) &rescri& ion o1 he crime o1 libel an( o1 a ci0il ac ion arisin) here1rom- now &ro0i(e( in Ar . 85. 4:. Ac No. 4;**- Secs. *54- 4:;5- 4:;*- an( 4:;4. Ac amen(in) he Re0ise( A(minis ra i0e Co(e. 4;. Ac No. 7*5+ amen(in) Ac s 4;4:. Law )o0ernin) manner in which he (ea h &enal , shall be e3ec2 e(now embo(ie( in Ar s. *>D>9. 4>. Ac No. 79>: an( 778;. Law )o0ernin) habi 2al (elin@2enc,- now &ro0i(e( in Ar . :4- &ar. 9. 48. !eneral Or(ers No. 9>- series o1 *855- Sec. *5:. Co(e o1 Criminal Proce(2re. 75. O her laws re&eale( b, he Re0ise( Penal Co(e are Ac s Nos. 4575- 4*+4- 448>- 4;*4- 7*89- 74++- 748>an( 77*7- which are merel, amen(a or, laws on he ol( Penal Co(e.chan robles 0ir 2al law librar,

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!R*2+7*NT+A. 7*CR** N$. 1'81 2+9!.+:4+NG AN7 !R$3+7+NG 2T+::*R !*NA.T+*2 :$R 3+$.AT+$N2 $: !)+.+!!+N* GA9".+NG .A/2 /)*R*A2> !hilippine Ga0bling .aws particularl? Articles 1@5%1@@> the Revise !enal Co e> Republic Act No. 38'3 6)orse Racing "oo#ies;> !resi ential 7ecree No. &@@ 6Coc#fighting;> !resi ential 7ecree No. &83> 6Ga0e :ixing;> !resi ential 7ecree No.> 51@ 62lot 9achines; an !resi ential 7ecree No. 183' 6Aai%alai "oo#ies; an other Cit? an 9unicipal $r inances ga0bling all over the countr? have beco0e ineffective an easil? circu0vente in view of the confusing an inappropriate s?ste0 of penalties i0pose on violations thereof.

/)*R*A2> there is an urgent nee to up ate these ga0bling laws for si0plicit? an clearer un erstan ing an to stan ar iBe an provi e stiffer penalties for their violations to 0a#e the0 0ore effective an responsive to the present nor0s of con uct an behavior of the people. N$/> T)*R*:$R*> +> :*R7+NAN7 *. 9ARC$2> !resi ent of the !hilippines> b? virtue of the powers veste in 0e b? the Constitution an in or er to effect the esire an necessar? changes an refor0s in the social an econo0ic structure of our societ?> o hereb? or er an eclare to be part of the laws of the lan > the followingC 2ec. 1. 3iolations an !enalties. D The penalt? of prision 0a?or in its 0e iu0 egree or a fine ranging fro0 :ive )un re !esos to Two Thousan !esos an in case of reci ivis0 the penalt? of prision correccional in its 0e iu0 egree or a fine of ranging fro0 $ne Thousan !esos to 2ix Thousan !esos shall be i0pose uponC 6a; An? person other than those referre to in the succee ing subsection who in an? 0anner> shall irectl? or in irectl? ta#e part in an? ga0e of coc#fighting> Eueteng> boo#ies 6Eai% alai or horse racing to inclu e ga0e fixing; an other lotteries> cara ? cruB or po0piang an the li#e> blac# Eac#> luc#? nine> Fpuso?F or Russian !o#er> 0onte> baccarat an other car ga0es> pal# Gue> o0ino> 0ahEong> high an low> slot 0achines> roullette> pinball an other 0echanical inventories or evices> og racing> boat racing> car raising an other races> bas#etball> volle?ball> boxing> seven% eleven ice ga0es an the li#e an other contests to inclu e ga0e fixing> point shaving an other 0achinations ban#ing or percentage ga0e> or an? other ga0e or sche0e> whether upon chance or s#ill> which o not have a franchise fro0 the national govern0ent> wherein wagers consisting of 0one?> articles of value of representative of value are 0a eH 6b; An? person who shall #nowingl? per0it an? for0 of ga0bling referre to in the prece ing sub ivision to be carrie on in inhabite or uninhabite places or an? buil ing> vessel or other 0eans of transportation owne or controlle b? hi0. +f the place where ga0bling is carrie on has a reputation of a ga0bling place or that prohibite ga0bling is freGuentl? carrie on therein or the place is a public or govern0ent buil ing or baranga? hall> the culprit shall be punishe b? the penalt? provi e for in its 0axi0u0 perio an a fine of 2ix Thousan !esos. The penalt? of prision correccional in its 0axi0u0 egree an a fine of 2ix Thousan !esos shall be i0pose upon the 0aintainer> con uctor of the above ga0bling sche0es. The penalt? of prision 0a?or in its 0e iu0 egree an te0porar? absolute isGualification an a fine of 2ix Thousan !esos shall be i0pose if the 0aintainer> con uctor or ban#er is a govern0ent official> or if a pla?er> pro0oter> referee> u0pire> Eu ge or coach in cases of ga0e% fixing> point%shaving an other ga0e 0achination. The penalt? of prision correccional in its 0e iu0 egree an a fine ranging fro0 :ive )un re pesos to Two Thousan !esos shall be i0pose upon an? person who shall #nowingl? an without lawful purpose in an? hour of an? a? shall have in his possession an? lotter? list> paper> or other 0atter containing letter> figures> signs or s?0bols which pertain to or in an? 0anner use in the ga0e of Eueteng> Eai%alai or horse racing boo#ies an si0ilar ga0e or lotter? which has ta#en place or about to ta#e place. 2ec. 1. "aranga? $fficial. D An? baranga? official in whose Euris iction such ga0bling house is foun an which house has the reputation of a ga0bling place shall suffer the penalt? of prision correccional in its 0e iu0 perio an a fine ranging fro0 :ive )un re to Two Thousan !esos an te0porar? absolute isGualifications.

2ec. 3. +nfor0erIs Rewar . D An? person who shall give the infor0ation that will lea to the arrest an final conviction of the offen er shall be rewar e an a0ount eGuivalent to Twent? !er Centu0 618J; of the cash 0one? confiscate for0 the offen er. 2ec. &. Repealing Clause. D The provisions of Articles 1@'> 1@(> 1@8 an 1@@ of the Revise !enal Co e> as a0en e > Republic Act No. 38'3> !resi ential 7ecree Nos. &83> &@@> 518> 138'> .etter of +nstructions> laws> executive or ers> rules an regulations> Cit? an 9unicipal $r inances which are inconsistent with this 7ecree are hereb? repeale or accor ingl? 0o ifie . 2ec. 5. *ffectivit?. D This 7ecree shall ta#e effect i00e iatel? upon publication thereof b? the 9inister of the 9inistr? of !ublic +nfor0ation at least once in a newspaper of general circulation. 7$N* in the Cit? of 9anila> this 11th a? of Aune in the ?ear of $ur .or > nineteen hun re an sevent?%eight.

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!R*2+7*NT+A. 7*CR** N$. 1'13 A9*N7+NG T)* .A/ $N AR2$N /)*R*A2> fin ings of the police an intelligence agencies of the govern0ent reveal that fires an other cri0es involving estruction in 9etro 9anila an other urban centers in the countr? are being perpetuate b? cri0inal s?n icates> so0e of which have foreign connectionsH /)*R*A2> the current law on arson suffer fro0 certain ina eGuacies that i0pe e the successful enforce0ent an prosecution of arsonistsH /)*R*A2> it is i0perative that the high inci ence of fires an other cri0es involving estruction be prevente to protect the national econo0? an preserve the social econo0ic an political stabilit? of the countr?H N$/> T)*R*:$R*> +> :*R7+NAN7 *. 9ARC$2> !resi ent of the !hilippines> b? virtue of the powers veste in 0e b? the Constitution o hereb? or er an ecree as part of the law of the lan > the followingC 2ec. 1. Arson. D An? person who burns or sets fire to the propert? of another shall be punishe b? !rision 0a?or. The sa0e penalt? shall be i0pose when a person sets fire to his own propert? un er circu0stances which expose to anger the life or propert? of another. 2ec. 1. 7estructive Arson. D The penalt? of Reclusion te0poral in its 0axi0u0 perio to Reclusion perpetua shall be i0pose if the propert? burne is an? of the followingC 1. An? a00unition factor? an other establish0ent where explosives> infla00able or co0bustible 0aterials are store .

1. An? archive> 0useu0> whether public or private or an? e ifice evote to culture> e ucation or social services. 3. An? church or place or worship or other buil ing where people usuall? asse0ble. &. An? train> airplane or an? aircraft> vessel or watercraft> or conve?ance for transportation of persons or propert?. 5. An? buil ing where evi ence is #ept for use in an? legislative> Eu icial> a 0inistrative or other official procee ings. '. An? hospital> hotel> or0itor?> lo ging house> housing tene0ent> shopping center> public or private 0ar#et> theater or 0ovie house or an? si0ilar place or buil ing. (. An? buil ing> whether use as welling or not> situate in a populate or congeste area. 2ec. 3. $ther Cases of Arson. D The penalt? of Reclusion te0poral to Reclusion perpetua shall be i0pose if the propert? burne is an? of the followingC 1. An? buil ing use as offices of the govern0ent or an? of its agenciesH 1. An? uninhabite house or wellingH 3. An? in ustrial establish0ent> ship?ar > oil well or 0ine shaft> platfor0 or tunnelH &. An? plantation> far0> pasturelan > growing crop> grain file > orchar > ba0boo grove or forestH 5. An? rice 0ill> cane 0ill or 0ill centralH an '. An? railwa? or bus station> airport> wharf or warehouse. 2ec. &. 2pecial Aggravating Circu0stances in Arson. D The penalt? in an? case of arson shall be i0pose in its 0axi0u0 perio C 1. +f co00itte with intent to gainH 1. +f co00itte for the benefit of anotherH 3. +f the offen er is 0otivate b? spite or hatre towar s the owner or occupant of the propert? burne H &. +f co00itte b? a s?n icate. The offense is co00itte b? a s?n icate if it is planne or carrie out b? a group of three 63; or 0ore persons. 2ec. 5. /here 7eath Results :ro0 Arson. D +f b? reason of or on the occasion of arson eath results> the penalt? of Reclusion perpetua to eath shall be i0pose . 2ec. '. !ri0a :acie *vi ence of Arson. D An? of the following circu0stances shall constitute pri0a facie evi ence of arsonC

1. +f the fire starte si0ultaneousl? in 0ore than one part of the buil ing or establish0ent. 1. +f substantial a0ount of fla00able substances or 0aterials are store within the buil ing not necessar? in the business of the offen er nor for househol use. 3. Gasoline> #erosene> petroleu0 or other fla00able or co0bustible substances or 0aterials soa#e therewith or containers> thereof> or an? 0echanical> electrical> che0ical> or electronic contrivance esigne to start a fire> or ashes or traces of an? of the foregoing are foun in the ruins or pre0ises of the burne buil ing or propert?. &. +f the buil ing or propert? is insure for substantiall? 0ore than its actual value at the ti0e of the issuance of the polic?. 5. +f uring the lifeti0e of the correspon ing fire insurance polic? 0ore than two fires have occurre in the sa0e or other pre0ises owne or un er the control of the offen er an Kor insure . '. +f shortl? before the fire a substantial portion of the effects insure an store in buil ing or propert? ha been with rawn fro0 the pre0ises except in the or inar? course of business. (. +f a e0an for 0one? or other valuable consi eration was 0a e before the fire in exchange for the esistance of the offen er or for the safet? of other person or propert? of the victi0. 2ec. (. Conspirac? to Co00it Arson. D Conspirac? to co00it arson shall be punishe b? prision 0a?or in its 0ini0u0 perio . 2ec. 8. Confiscation of $bEect of Arson. D The buil ing which is the obEect of arson inclu ing the lan on which it is situate shall be confiscate an escheate to the 2tate> unless the owner thereof can prove that he has no participation in nor #nowle ge of such arson espite the exercise of ue iligence on his part. 2ec. @. Repealing Clause. D The provisions of Articles 318 to 31'%" of the Revise !enal Co e an all laws> executive or ers> rules an regulations> or parts thereof> inconsistent with the provisions of this 7ecree are hereb? repeale or a0en e accor ingl?. 2ec. 18. *ffectivit?. D This 7ecree shall ta#e effect i00e iatel? upon publication thereof at least once in a newspaper of general circulation. 7one in the Cit? of 9anila this (th a? of 9arch nineteen hun re an sevent? nine.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL !R*2+7*NT+A. 7*CR** N$. 1(&& A9*N7+NG ART+C.* T)R** ),N7R*7 AN7 T/*NT4 $: T)* R*3+2*7 !*NA. C$7* !R$3+2+$N2 $N AR2$N /)*R*A2> there have been ra0pant an wanton burnings of resi ential houses> public buil ings> 0ar#ets> hotels an other co00ercial establish0entsH

/)*R*A2> to effectivel? iscourage an eter the co00ission of arson> an to prevent estruction of properties an protect the lives of innocent people> it is necessar? that the capital punish0ent be i0pose upon arsonistsH N$/> T)*R*:$R*> +> :*R7+NAN7 *. 9ARC$2> !resi ent of the !hilippines b? virtue of the power veste in 0e b? the Constitution> o hereb? or er an ecree that Article 318> Revise !enal Co e be a0en e C 2ec. 1. Article 318 of the Revise !enal Co e shall rea as followsC FArt. 318. 7estructive Arson. D The penalt? of reclusion te0poral in its 0axi0u0 perio to eath shall be i0pose upon an? person who shall burnC 1. $ne 61; or 0ore buil ings or e ifices> conseGuent to one single act of burning or as a result of si0ultaneous burnings> or co00itte on several or ifferent occasionsH 1. An? buil ing of public or private ownership> evote to the public in general or where people usuall? gather or congregate for a efinite purpose such as but not li0ite to official govern0ental function or business> private transaction> co00erce> tra e wor#shop> 0eetings an conferences> or 0erel? inci ental to a efinite purpose such as but not li0ite to hotels> 0otels> transient wellings> public conve?ance or stops or ter0inals> regar less of whether the offen er ha #nowle ge that there are persons in sai buil ing or e ifice at the ti0e it is set on fire an regar less also of whether the buil ing is actuall? inhabite or not. 3. An? train or loco0otive> ship or vessel> airship or airplane> conve?ance> or for public use> entertain0ent or leisure. evote to transportation or

&. An? buil ing> factor?> warehouse installation an an? appurtenances thereto> which are evote to the service of public utilities. 5. An? buil ing the burning of which is for the purpose of concealing or estro?ing evi ence of another violation of law> or for the purpose of concealing ban#ruptc? or efrau ing cre itors or to collect fro0 insurance. +rrespective of the application of the above enu0erate Gualif?ing circu0stances> the penalt? of eath shall li#ewise be i0pose when the arson is perpetrate or co00itte b? two 61; or 0ore persons or b? a group of persons> regar less of whether their purpose is 0erel? to burn or estro? the buil ing or the burning 0erel? constitutes an overt act in the co00ission or another violation of law. The penalt? of reclusion te0poral in its 0axi0u0 perio to eath shall also be i0pose upon an? person who shall burnC 1. An? arsenal> ship?ar > storehouse or 0ilitar? pow er or firewor#s factor?> or inance> storehouse> archives or general 0useu0 of the govern0ent. 1. +n an inhabite place> an? storehouse or factor? of infla00able or explosive 0aterials. +f as a conseGuence of his co00ission of an? of the acts penaliBe un er this Article> eath or inEur? results> or an? valuable ocu0ents> eGuip0ent> 0achineries> apparatus> or other valuable properties were burne or estro?e > the 0an ator? penalt? of eath shall be i0pose .F

2ec. 1. !rovisions of Articles 318> 311 an 311 of the Revise !enal Co e which are or 0a? be inconsistent herewith are hereb? repeale . 2ec. 3. *ffectivit?. D This 7ecree shall ta#e effect i00e iatel?. 7one in the Cit? of 9anila> this 11th a? of Nove0ber> in the ?ear of $ur .or > nineteen hun re an eight?.