Physics 1430

October 2, 2013 Experiment 5 Simple Machines Sosena Aseffa

Experimental Procedure
Equipment
Inclined plane 2 mass holders Pulleys (2singles, 2 doubles) Spring balance Carriage Set of masses including 500 g Wheel and axle

Introduction
This experiment focus on applying force on a simple machine. Theory Actual mechanical advantage (AMA) is the ration of the output force to the input force. It is greater than one. AMA=Fout/Fin Energy is not gained or lost in a system instead it is conserved. Which means the final work done is the same as the work put into the system. Force times distance equals work. FeDe=FrDr This equation is rearranged to Fr/Fe=De/Dr Therefore; AMA=Fr/Fe The ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) is the ratio of distance. IMA=De/Dr AMA is always less than IMA because some of the force is lost to heat and friction. The efficiency of the machine is calculated by the following equation. Efficiency=AMA/IMA x 100% More work is lost to friction when the ratio of AMA to IMA is smaller.

My group obtained data needed to calculate the IMA, AMA, and efficiency using the procedure below. The inclined plane was set at different angel, and we added the mass until the carriage moved at a constant speed. We measured the circumference of the axle d and the wheel D and wind the string around the axle and wheel in opposite direction. We added mass on the effort side to balance out the 500 g on the resistance. For the pulley system we also balanced out the 500 g resistance with the effort and measured the distance the resistance moved when pulling the effort 10 cm.

Analysis
Inclined Plane
What are the IMA, AMA and efficiency percent? Angle 15 Height Dr (cm) 5.4 Length De (cm) 21.7 Resistance Effort Fr (g) Fe (g) 599.6185 185

Discussions of result
Efficiency cannot exceed 100% because of force of friction. On the inclined plane as the angle increased the efficiency decreased. If friction was Zero AMA would have been equal to IMA. The string we used could have been smoother to decrease force of friction. There were errors in the mass, since they were different shapes and size.

IMA=De/Dr = 21.7cm/5.cm4 =4.02cm AMA = Fr/Fe = 599.618g/185g = 3.24g Efficiency =AMA/IMA x 100% = 80.6 %

Conclusions
The results supported mechanical advantage and efficiency theory. We figured out AMA equals IMA in the absent of friction. Errors can be reduced by using a more efficient material, and by being more precise on the measurements. A lot of errors can occur from measurement ant not using the same mass on all the procedures.

Wheel and Axle

Calculate the IMA, AMA and efficiency Axle Wheel Resistance Effort Circumference Circumference Fr(g) Fe(g) Dr (cm) De (cm) 2.7 33.1 500 170

IMA=De/Dr = 33.1cm/2.7cm= 12.26cm AMA = Fr/Fe = 500g/170g= 2.94g Efficiency =AMA/IMA x 100% = 23.99%

Pulley System
Calculate the IMA, AMA and efficiency Arrangement Resistance Effort (g) (g) Distance the effort moved De(cm) 10 Dr (cm)

550

580

10

IMA=De/Dr = 1cm AMA = Fr/Fe=.948g Efficiency =AMA/IMA x 100% =94.84%