GLOSSARY 1

By resorting to longer defining expressions Shades of a given basic colour Scarlet Crimson Carmine Cerise Light red Dark red On the contrary Primary terms for... Is revealed more evidently Separate units Where Romanian uses only one Distinguishes between Used separately Equivalent One-to-one correspondence The list is fairly long In the case of whole utterances To inquire about Which translates literally (simple t) ba rzt t l d fan kspren z edz v vn besk kl sklt krmzn kman sriz lat red dk red n kntrri pramri tmz f z rvild mr evdntli seprt junts we rmenn jusz nli wn dstwz btwin juzd seprtli kwvlnt wn t wn krspndns lst s feli l n kes v hl trnsz tu nkwar bat wt trnzlets ltrli Recurgndu-se la expresii definitorii mai ample Nuane ale unei culori date de baz Rou intens, stacojiu Rou nchis, purpuriu Rou aprins, carmin Rou cireiu, rozalb Rou deschis Rou nchis Dimpotriv Termini primary pentru (examinarea+G) Se evideniaz i mai clar Uniti separate n vreme ce Romnia folosete doar una (opoz. Fals temp/loc) A face distincie ntre.. Folosite separat (adv.) Echivalent Coresponden biunivoc (de la termen la termen) Lista... este destul de lung n cazul unor ntregi enunuri A se interesa de A ntreba + Ac/ de Ceea ce traduce ad litteram/ literae Mot--mot Lat. litera,-ae sau liera,-ae idem Literar 1. Targ, lectic 2. Animale abia ftate Gunoi, vraite 1. A mprtia (up) A aterne paie (down) 2. A murdri Fiecare limb segmenteaz realitatea Segment A segmenta Cu caracterc segmental De ordonare sintagmatic (pe orizontal)

Literary Litter 1 Litter 2 To litter (up)

ltrri lt

Each language segments reality Segment To segment Segmental

it lwd sements rlti sement t sement sementl

Slightly different A slight difference Resides precisely in finding out the semantic solution Having found the appropriate semantic units The speaker's next task is to insert... To make certain changes Male Female A bouncing object

To make the message clear In a given order To provide more information The participants in the event described To be left as such Anything definite Further specifications Habitual action Action in progress Necessary distinctions Simultaneous Emphasis in laid on indicating completion of an action Repeat an action Morpheme Their meaning load is less conspicuous Seems to be absent Free morphemes

Uor diferite O uoar diferen Const tocmai n gsirea soluiei semnatice Odat gsite (dup ce s-au gsit) unitile semantice adecvate spikrz nekst tsk s tu Sarcina imediat urmtoare a nst vorbitorului este s insereze (s introduc) t mek stn tendz S opereze anumite modificri |mel Mascul De sex brbtesc (-fem) mel Femel De sex femeiesc (+fem) bans bdekt Un obiect bondisant; care sare cnd ia contct cu solul, execut bonduri (e.g. un avion cnd aterizeaz prost) t mek mesd kl A face mesajul explicit n vn d ntr-o ordine dat ntr-o anumit ordine t prvad mr A furniza informaii nfmen suplimentare ptspnts n i vent Protagonitii evenimentului dskrabd prezentat t bi left z st A fi lsat ca atare In status quo ante (cum o f) eni defnt Nimic precis f spesfkenz Specificrile ulterioare hbtl kn Aciune habitual (frecvent/obinuit) kn n prres Aciune n curs de desfurare nessri dstkn z Discuii necesare smltens Simultan/ emfss n led n ndket Se pune accent pe indicarea kmplin v n kn caracterului finit (terminat) al aciunii rpit n kn mm e min ld iz les knspkjs simz t bi bsnt fri mmz A repeta o actiune Morfem ncrctura lor semantic este mai puin detectabil Pare s lipseasc Morpheme libere (pot funciona ca uniti de rang imediat superior-cuvinte) Morpheme legate

slatli dfrnt slat dfrns rzadz prsasli n fand at smntk slun hv fand i prprit smntk junts

Bound morphemes

band mmz
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Are attached to affixes In order to inflect them for certain grammatical categories Inflectional morphemes Structural sequences Constructional characteristics Construction

r ttt tu fksz n d tu nekt m f stn rmtkl ktrz neknl mmz strktrl sikwnsz knstrkn l krktrstks knstrkn

Main clause Subordinate clause The book is out of print Their specialization is discharging certain functions in the sentence Nouns function typically as subjects in the sentence

|men klz sbdnet klz bk s at v prnt e spelazen z dstd stn fkn z n sentns nanz fkn tpkl i z sbdekts n sentns

One could construct 8000 theoretically possible sentences Abnormal

wn kd knstrkt et azn d retkli psbl sentnsz bnml

(dependente) Se ataeaz la.. Afixe Pentru a le flexiona n vederea exprimrii anumitpr categorii gramaticale Morfeme flexionare Secvene structurale Caracetristici construcionale/ de construcie Construcia Secvena combinatorie de baz Regent Subordonat Cartea s-a epuizat (i s-a vndut tot traijul) Specializarea lor n ndeplinirea anumitor funcii n propoziie Substantivele funcioneaz definitoriu ce subiect ntr-o propoziie (se definesc prin aceea c pot func) s-ar putea construi 8000 de enunuri theoretic posibile Anormal, neobinuit Lat. Anormalis,e + b analogic nejusificat fonetic, ci emphatic Complement animat (exprimat prin subst. Cu sensul (+ animate) Implantare Inserie Mal (orz ncolit i mcinat) De fcut bere & whisky Procedeu productive (care d frecvent rezultate poziive) A dobndi flexibilitate (a se adecva cerinelor) Reguli de transformare (GTG) Etapa codajului grammatical (Theory of Information+ GTG) A intra n toate amnuntele Interlocutor Conlocutor Activitile de pn aici ale

Animate object

nmt bdekt

Embedding Malt A productive device To gain flexibility Transformations The grammatical encoding stage To go into all the details Interlocutor The activities of the speaker

mbed mlt prdktv dvas t en fleksblti trnsfmen z rmtkl nkd sted t nt l ditelz ntlkjt | i ktvz v spik
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thus far have been... The is no way for the interlocutor to take cognizance of them To convey the message via a medium that would impinge on his sense

s f hv bin z n we f i ntlkjt t tek knzns v m t knve mesd var midm t wd mpnd n z sens

vorbitorului au fost... Nu exist nici o posibilitate ca interlocutorul s ia cunotin de ele S transimt mesajul printrun mijloc care s-i impacteze simurile (s acioneze efectiv asupra simurilor) Opiunea fireasc este n favoarea auzului Fonologie Fonologic (adj.) Un lan de morpheme v. Analiza n lanuri A se converti n (pasiv) Fiecare morfeu n parte O metod mai ingenioas A reprezenta Reprezentare Reprezentant (s) Reprezentativ (adj.) Foneme Enunul discutat mai sus n felul urmtor Numerous Simul vzului n comincarea prin limbajul scris Gesture Expresia feei Trebuie considerat ca Un produs derivate i secundar al vorbirii Este totui marginal/periferic n raport cu esena limbajului Ca sistem de comunicare Cuvinte flexionate (modificate formal ca efect al flexiunii) Aa numita (A. Martinet) dubl articulare a limbajului I Mai nti limbajul Articuleaz (segmenteaz) Realitatea n

The obvious choice is on hearing Phonology Phonological A string of morphemes See The String Analysis To be converted into Each separate morpheme A more ingenuous method To represent Representation Representative Phonemes The sentence discussed above In the following manner Numerous The sense of sight In communicating via written language Gestures The facial expression Is to be regarded as A derived by-product of speaking Is nevertheless marginal in relation to the essence of language As a communicative system Inflected words The so-called doublearticulation of language First language Articulates (segments) Reality into

i bvs ts z n hr fnldi fnldkl str v mmz si str nlss t bi knvtd nt it seprt mm mr ndenjs med t riprzent reprzenten reprzenttv fnimz sentns dskst bv n fl mn njumrs sens v sat n kmjunket va rtn lwd destz fel kspren z t bi rdd z dravd ba prdkt v spik z nevles mdnl n rlen t i esns v lwd z kmjunktv sstm nektd wdz s kld dbl :tkjulen v lwd fst lwd tkjulets sements rlti nt
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Grammatical units Semantic units Then the morphemes As the units of grammar are articulated into their component Phonemes Devoid of meaning Their sole function Distinctive To keep morphemes apart from one another An illustrative example Linguistic monstrosities Misprint Monstrous Follow certain well defined rules of pattering Clusters of units Restrictions Combinatorial possibilities To clothe Clothed Clad To clothe in words Clothed with authority Snow-clad To spin Span/spun Spun Spun cotton Spun gold Pal To pal up Voiceless consonants Voiced consonants Sibilants

rmtkl junts smntkjunts en mmz z junts v rmr r tkjuletd nt e km pnnt fnimz dvd v min e sl fkn dstktv t kip mmz pt frm wn n n lstrtv zmpl lwstk mnstrstz msprnt mnstrs fl stn wel dfand rulz v ptr klstz v junts rstrkn z kmbantrl psbltz t kl kld kld t kl n wdz kld w r sn kld t spn spn spn spn spn ktn spn ld pl t pl p vsls knsnnts vst knsnnts sblnts

Uniti gramaticale Uniti semantice II Apoi morfemele Ca uniti ale gramaticii se articuleaz n fonemele din care se compun Foneme Lipsite de sens Unica lor funcie Distinctiv A distinge morfemele unul de altul Un exemplu ilustrativ Monstruoziti lingvistice Greeal de tipar Monstrous (adj.) Urmeaz anumite reguli de structurare bine definite Ansambluri de uniti Restricii Posibiliti combinatorii A mbrca (v.t) -Pe cineva -Ceva A mbrca n cuvinte (poetic) Investit (calc) cu autoritate nvemntat n zpad A toarce

Fire de bumbac Fire de tort (Cobuc) Fire de aur Camarad, prieten A se mprieteni A se asocia Consoane surde Consoane sonore Sibilante Consoane uiertoare Trei etape succesive Din motive didactice Se efectueaz simultan Fonemele sunt constructe ale intelectului (v. Em. Vasiliu)

3 successive stages For didactic reasons Are performed simultaneously The phonemes are constructs of the mind

ri sksesv stedz f ddktk riznz pfmd smltensli fnimz knstrkts v mand

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Decisions as to/ (on) what concrete sounds are going to be produced To decide on Arrangement for Speech organs Neatly and distinctly To blur To bleach To occur Occurrence Cooccurrence The immediately following vowel Similar but not identical Articulatory phonetics To interact Fairly similar Irrespective of This, however, is not the case The phonological codes of the languages in question The instructions sent from the brain The continuum of sound Sound waves Acoustic phonetics The properties of the message It is the listener that now takes over in the completion of the act of communication Produce corresponding vibrations The neural perception of sound Subject matter Auditory phonetics Performed in reversed order Have to be interpreted in terms of the phonemes they stand for

dsn z z t n wt kkrit sandz t bi prdjust t dsad n rendmnt f spit nz nitli nd dstktli t bl t blit tu k krns k krns i midtli fl val smil bt nt adentkl tkjltri fnetks tu ntrkt feli sml rspektv v s haev z nt kes

Decizii cu privire la sunetele concrete ce urmeaz a fi produse A decide cu privire la Aranjament n vederea Organele vorbirii Clar i distinct A estompa, a face neclar A estompa A splci (sunetele) A aprea n context Ocuren Apariie n context Co-ocuren Vocala imediat urmtoare Similare dar un identice Fontica articulatorie A aciona ntrunit Destul de asemntoare Indiferent de Nu acesta este ns cazul Lucrurile nu stau ns chiar aa Codurile fonologice ale limbilor respective (n discuie) Instruciunile transmise de la creier Continuum-ul sonor Unde sonore Fonetica acustic Proprietile mesajului Asculttorul este acela care preia acum comanda pentru finalizarea actului comunicrii Produc vibraii corespunztoare Percepia nervoas (neural) a sunetului Obiectul de cercetare Fonetica auditiv Desfuarte n ordine invers (sunetele) trebuie interpretate n termenii fonemelor pe care le reprezint

fnldkl kdz v lwdz n kwestn i nstrkn z sent frm bren kntnjum v sand sand wevz kustk fnetks prptz v mesd t s lsn t na teks vr n kmplin v i kt v kmjunken prdjus krspnd va bren z njrl psepn v sand sbdekt mt dtri fnetks pfmd n rvst d hv t bi ntprtd n tmz v fnimz e stnd f
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The phonological decoding Semantic interpretation Identification It would be erroneous to consider -that -X as being In neat succession Simultaneous processes Moves back and forth Cues To give the right interpretation to Diagram The continuing arrow The relative sequence in time Linguistic sciences -Morphology -Syntax Graphic representation Interrelated disciplines The nature of language Speech community Shared by man alone The symbolization process A system of signs The signifying side The concrete. Observable manifestation of the sign Vocal noises Visible marks A natural on casual relationship A conventional relationship An arbitrary relation Arrived at by convention among its users Conventional signs or symbols The vast field of human knowledge and experience Analysable The level of expression

fnldkl dikd smntk ntprten adentfken t wd bi rns t knsd t eks z bi n nit sksen smltens prsesz muvz bk nd f kjuz | t v rat ntprten tu darm kntnju r reltv sikwns n tam lwstk sansz mfldi sntks rfk reprzenten Place of Phonetics ntrletd dsplnz netr v lwd spit kmjun ed ba mn ln smblazen prses sstm v sanz snfa sad kkrit bzvbl mnfesten v san vkl nzz vzbl mks ntrl n kl rlenp knvenn l rlenp n btrri rlen ravd t ba knvenn m ts juzz knvenn l sanz smbl z vst ld v hjumn nld nd ksprns nlazbl levl v kspren
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Decodajul fonologic Interpretarea semantic Identificare Ar fi eronat s considerm -c -x ca fiind n succesiune ordonat Preocese simultane Tatoneaz Sugestii Indicaii discrete A da o interpretare corect + D Diagram Schem Sgeata continu Relative succesiune n timp Discipline lingvistice -Morfologie -Sintax Reprezentare grefic Discipline interconexe (nrudite ntre ele) Natura limbajului Comunitate lingvistic Propriu numai omului Procesul de simbolizare Un system de semen Latura semnificativ Manifestarea concret, perceptibil a semnului Zgomote vocale (adj.) Semne vizibile O relaie natural sau de la cauz la effect O relaie convenional O relaie arbitrar La care se ajunge prin convenie ntre uzajerii si (cei care o folosesc) Semen convenionale sau simboluri Domeniul vast al cunoaterii i experienei umane Analizabil() Planul expresiei

The level of content The substance of expression Patterns of arrangement In keeping with The expression form The substance of the content The content form Sublevel The intricate network of meaning relations Meaningful linguistic units

levl v kntent sbstns v kspren ptn z v rendmnt n kip w i kspren fm sbstns v kntent kntent fm sb levl i ntrkt netwk v min rlen z minfl lwstk junts

A phonetic and phonological analysis of the expression level A syntactic and semantic analysis of the content level

fnetk nd fnldkl nlss v i kspren levl

Planul coninutului Subsatna expresiei Modele combinatorii Conform + D Forma expresiei Substana coninutului Forma coninutului Subnivel Complicate reea a relaiilor semantic Uniti lingvistice semnificative (i.e. dotate cu sens) O analiz fonetic i fonologic a planului expresiei

sntktk nd smntk O analiz sintactic i nlss v kntent levl semantic a planului coninutului Graphics rfks Grafia sau Graphemics rmks Grafemica Language expression in its lwd kspren n ts Expresia limbajului n written materialization rtn mtrlazen materializare asa scris Criss-crosses the other krskrsz i dstkn z Interfereaz celelalte distincii distinctions (domenii distinct) A method of investigation med v nvesten Mai mult o metod de rather than an independent r n n ndpendnt investigare dect o disciplin phonetic science fnetk sans fonetic independent The Importance of Ph. A Theoretical From both a theoretical and frm b retkl nd Att d.p.d.v. theoretic ct i a practical point of view prktkl pnt v vju d.p.d.v. practic Linguistics constituted itself lwstks knsttjutd Lingvistica s-a constituit ca as a science tself z sans tiin The setting up of language set p v lwd Stabilirea familiilor de limbi families fmlz The systematic presentation sstmtk preznten Prezentarea sistematic a of the historical changes v hstrkl tendz schimbrilor istorice Phonetic laws fnetk lz Legile fonetice Has contributed to hz kntrbjutd t A contribuit la revoluionarea revolutionizing the science of revlunaz sans v tiinei limbajului n language in its entirety lwd n ts ntarti ansamblul ei B Practical Practical applications prktkl plken z Aplicaii practice Writing reforms rat rfmz Reforme ortografice Speech defects spit dfekts Defecte de vorbire Electronic communication lektrnk kmjunken Mijloace de comunicare devices dvasz electronice The ability to recognize and i blti t reknaz nd Capacitatea de a recunoate
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i de a reproduce sunetele unei limbi strine Fonetica sincronic Fonetica istoric sau diacronic Limbi nrudite Demersul diacronic (cercetarea diacronic) Not only distinct but also nt nli dstkt bt Nu numai distinct, dar prin opposed in nature ls pzd n net natura lor, opuse He assumes arbitrarily that hi sjumz btrrili t Admite n mod arbitrar Postuleaz (idea) c... A diachronic study conceived dakrnk stdi knsivd Un studio diachronic of as a successive description v z sksesv dskrpn v conceput ca o descriere succesiv a unor etape of synchronic stages skrnk stedz sincronice v. ILR Comparative phonetics kmprtv fnetks Fonetica comparativ Relatedness rletdnis nrudire Linguistic typology lwstk tapldi Tipologie lingvistic Similarities and differences smlrtz nd dfrnsz Asemnrile i deosebirile Foreign language learning frn lwd ln nd nvtura i predarea limbilor and teaching t strine Contrastive linguistics kntrstv lwstks Lingvistic contrastiv Contrastive phonetics kntrstv fnetks Fonetic contrastiv Applied linguistics plad lwstks Lingvistic aplicat The theory of translation ri v trnslen Teroia traducerii Experimental phonetics kspermentl fnetks Fonetic experimental Instrumental phonetics nstrmentl fnetks Experimental devices kspermentl dvasz Aparatur experimental A subsidiary study of sbsdri stdi v Un studio subsidiary language lwd (periferic) al limbajului B Place of Phonetics Substance is perceived as sbstns z psivd z st Substana este conceput ca such only to the extent to nli t i kstent t wt ts atare numai n msura n care which its structure is strkt z psivd nd structura ei este conceput perceived and interpreted in ntprtd n sm we ntr-un anumit fel (Eugen some way Coeriu) Entirety ntarti ntregime Totalitate An integrating branch of n ntret brnt v O ramur integratoare a linguistics lwstks lingvisticii Physiology fzldi Fiziologie Formal pattering and fml ptr nd Structurarea i aranjarea (lor) arrangement rendmnt formal ( a sunetelor) Linguistic schools of thought lwstk skulz v t coli de gndire lingvistice Phonemics fnimks Fonemica (ramur a fonologiei n sens larg) Phonetics is the general term fnetks z denrl tm Termenul general este fonetica (D. Chioran)
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produce the sounds of a foreign language Synchronic phonetics Diachronic or historical phonetics Related languages The diachronic approach

prdjus sandz v frn lwd skrnk fnetks dakrnk hstrkl fnetks rletd lwdz dakrnk prt

A strong dividing line Are interdependent and ultimately condition each other General phonetics Part of general linguistics of English Special phonetics Theoretical framework The native-like fluency and accuracy Part and parcel of A phonetically trained learner The techniques of analysing and describing speech sounds The chief aim of this book Typical difficulties encountered by The methods to be employed Corrective phonetics Received Pronunciation Introductory chapter National language The United Kingdom Australia New Zeeland Instruction Public affairs

O linie de demarcaie net Sunt interdependente i n esen se condiioneaz reciproc denrl fnetks Fontica general | pt v denrl lwstks Parte a lingvisticii generale v l spel fnetks Fonetica limbii engleze retkl fremwk Foneticile special netv lak unsi nd Cadrul teoretic kjrsi pt nd psl v Parte integrant din fnetkl i trend ln Un student cu pregtire fonetic tekniks v nlaz Tehnica analizrii i descrierii nd dskrab spit sandz sunetelor tif em v s bk tpkl dfkltz nkantd ba medz t bi mpld krektv fnetks R.P. rsivd prnnsen ntrdktri tpt nnl lwd junatd kdm streli nju zilnd nstrkn pblk fez Scopul principal al acestei cri Dificultile specifice ntmpinate de Metodele ce urmeaz a fi folosite Fonetica corectiv Pronunarea acceptat Capitol introductive Limb naional Regatul Unit Australia Noua Zeeland nvmnt Treburile obteti Afacerile publice =Viaa social Variaiuni Diferenieri Diversificare geografic i social Diferitele varieti R.P. i anume acea varietate a englezei britanice pe care o folosesc vorbitorii culi din partea de sud a Angliei, inclusive zona Londrei coli de stat cu internat Intr-o msur considerabil, dei greu de precizat

str dvad lan r ntdpendnt nd ltmtli kndn it

Variations Geographical and social diversification The diverse varieties R.P viz. (namely) that variety of British English used buy educated speakers in the Southern part of England, including the London area Public boarding-schools To an extent which is considerable though difficult to specify

veren z drfkl nd sl davsfken davs vratz pi nemli t vra v brt l juzd ba edketd spikz n sn pt v lnd nklud lndn eri pblk bd skulz tu n kstent wt z knsdrbl dfklt t spesfa
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It is probably accurate to say t s prbbli kjrt t se Este probabil correct s se that... t afirme c.. University academic junvs kdemk Formaie universitar education edken Has acquired the status of hz kwad stets v A dobndit statutul de standard pronunciation stndd prnnsen pronunare standard It is entirely intelligible to... t s ntali nteldbl tu Este perfect inteligibil pentru Has always been the first hz lwez bin fst ts A constituit ntotdeauna choice in... n prima opiune n... The frequent references to... frkwent refrnsz tu De aici frecventele referiri la... Sound sand Sunet Meaning Field Phonetics Necessary Various Utterance To convey Precisely To associate with Communication To internalize To relate to Concrete Specific To specify Synonymous Intervening factors Internal External Fatigue Distractions Subconsciously min ld fnetks nessri vers trns t knve prsasli tu ssiet w kmjunken tu ntnlaz t rlet tu kkrit spsfk t spesfa snnms ntvin fktz ntnl kstnl f dstrkn z sbknsli
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Inteles Camp, domeniu Fonetica Necesar Diferiti Enunt A transmite Tocmai A asocia cu Comunicare A internaliza A relationa Concret Specific A specifica Sinonim Factori ce intervin Intern Extern oboseala Factori perturbanti Subconstient

Accurately Lingusitic competence Interrelated Lingustic performance Behaviour Mental Possessed by Directly observable Can be inferred Physical manifestation Foot note Graph devices Primary Secondary Tertiary Writing system Moreover To possess Orthography The ability to Mastered by Sorting out X from Y Additional Linguistically irrelevant

kjrtli lwstk kmptns ntrletd lwstk pfmns bhevj mentl pzest ba drektli bzvbl kn bi nfd fzkl mnfesten ft nt rf dvasz pramri sekndri tri rat sstm mrv t pzes r i bl tu mstd ba st at eks frm wa dn l lwstkl i relvnt

Cu acuratete Competenta lingvistica Conditionate reciproc Performanta lingvistica comportament Mental Posedat de Direct observabil Poate fi dedus Manifestare fizica Nota de subsol Graf (simbol scris) Procedee Primar Secundar Tertiar Sistem de scriere Ba mai mult A poseda Ortografie Capacitatea de a Stapanita de A separa X de Y suplimentar Irelevant din pct. de vedere lingvisitic Factori implicati in evident

Factors implied in Obvious

fktz mplad n bvs

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A proper field of study in its own right Theory Activities involved in Presupposes Interaction between X and Y Tacit knowledge To enable Task To perform Model Epistemology Models of competence Hypothesis Hypotheses To approximate To outline Linguistic branches To account for Observable Speech production and perception mechanisms articulatory phonetics Acoustic Auditory

prp ld v stdi n ts nUn domeniu de cercetare rat propriu si legitim ri ktvtiz nvlvd n prispzz Teorie Acitivitati implicate in persupune

ntrkn btwin eks nd waInteractiune intre tst nld tu nebl tsk t pfm mdl pstmldi mdl z v kmptns hapss hapsiz tu prksmet tu atlan lwstk brntz tu kant f bzvbl spit prdkn nd psepn meknzmz tkjltri fnetks kustk dtri Cunoastere tacita A permite sa sarcina A indeplini model epistemologie Modele de competenta Ipoteza Ipoteze A aproxima A schita, a descrie in linii mari Ramuri ale lingvisticii A explica Observabil Mecanismele producerii si perceperii vorbirii Fonetica articulatorie Acustica auditiva La care se face referinta in continuarea acestui capitol Modele partiale O varietate de situatii curs
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Referred to later in this chapterrfd t letr n s tpt

Partial models A variety of situations Lecture

pl mdl z vra v sten z lekt

Later audience A recorded speech Played later Chorus Choir Content How language actually works

letr dins rkdd spit pled let krs kwa kntent ha lwd ktuli wks sksesv pren z nkd send trnzmn rsepn dikd n kdns w smntk junt knsept kl spektrm

Auditorium ulterior Un discurs inregistrat Reprodus ulterior Refren Cor multumit Cum functioneaza de fapt limbajul Operatiuni succesive codificare Emitere Transmitere Receptionare Decodificare In conformitate cu Unitate semantica concept Spectru cromatic Se disting pe o baza mai mult sau mai putin conventionala Baza baze portocaliu purpuriu Acopera in mare

Successive operations Encoding Sending Transmission Reception Decoding In accordance with Semantic unit Concept Colour spectrum

Are distinguished more or less dstwt mr les n on a conventional basis knvenn l bess Basis bases Orange Purple Covers roughly bess besiz rnd ppl kvz rfli

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