Introduction t oduct o

ANumberofRequirement q
Thesizeoftheshipshouldbesuchthatitcan: a)carryaspecifieddeadweightatareasonablestowagerate AND/OR b)providesufficientvolumefortheaccommodationofaspecified numberofpassengers AND/OR c)providesufficientvolumeforthestowageofspecialised cargo. cargo 2.Theproportionandformshouldbesuitableforaspecifiedspeed. 3.Specialconditionsmayaffectthechoiceoftheprincipaldimensions, e.g. a)length,breadthordraughtrestrictions OR b)extrastabilityfor'heavylift'requirements. 1.

Items(1) (1),(2)and(3)areinstrumentalinmakingadesignanindividual individual . Inadditiontherearegeneralrequirementsimplicitinanydesigninnextslide:

ANumberofRequirement
4.Adequatepropulsionmachinerywithproperlydesignedpropeller(s). 5 Asuitable 5. i bl standard d dof fstability bili . 6.Acceptabletriminallnormalconditionsofloading 7 Seaworthinesse.g. 7. eg a)provisionofreservebuoyancy(normallyaccountedforbythe LoadLine RegulationsandSubdivisionRegulations) b)Satisfactorybehaviour inaseastaterepresentativeoftheroute concerned. 8.Sufficientstrengthtotaketheloadsimposedonthestructurewhenin servicenormallyaccountedforbyClassificationSocietyRegulations). 9.Sufficienttankspacefor a)waterballast b)oilfuel c)freshwater(drinking, (drinking domesticandboiler). boiler)

ANumberofRequirement
11.Suitablecrewaccommodation(minimumstandardsarelaiddownin CrewAccommodation d Regulations). l ) 12.Freedomfromvibration. 13 Adequateandefficientcargohandlingfacilities. 13. facilities 14.Manoeuverability,particularlyforvesselstradingintorestricted waters. 15.Goodappearanceparticularlyforpassengerships. 16.Economyinfirstcostandrunningcostsetc.

Design es g Problem ob e

TheDesignProblem
(a) ForDeadweightcarriers Displacement=ShipMass Available displacement =LxBxdxCb x1.025+shell etc Shipmass=Deadweight+steelmass+woodandoutfitmass+machinerymass The h f firstproblem bl istof find dthe h principal ld dimensionsand df formtofl floatthe h ship h at itsdesigndraught. Ifthemassoftheship pwereknownthenitwouldbepossible p tofinddimensions andformtoprovideanequivalentdisplacement.Ifitwereonlynecessaryto providedisplacement,thenitwouldbepossibletouseanycombinationofL,B,d andCgwhichgivestherequireddisplacement. displacement Atthisstageofthedesign,however,thetotalmassoftheshipisnotknown. Deadweightisspecifiedbutsteelmass,outfitmassandmachinerymassdepend uponthe h size, i proportions i and d f formof fthe h hull h ll(machinery ( hi massalso l depends d d uponspeed,butthiswouldbespecifiedinaparticularcase).Inotherwordsin ordertofindtherequireddisplacement,andhenceestimatedimensionsetc.,it appearsthatitisnecessarytoknowthedimensionstostartwith.

TheDesignProblem
(b) ForCapacitycarriers Passenger ships are specified in terms of number of Passengers. From this it is possible to determine the volume of accommodation required including : public rooms, passageways, p g y , etc). ) To this must be added the volume of crew accommodation. In addition: the volume of machinery spaces, t k spaces, tank storage spaces etc. The principal dimensions of the main hull can then be chosen to provide this volume. These dimensions must be such that the proportions and form are satisfactory from the point of view of stability, resistance etc. Refrigerated cargo ships are specified in terms of net volume of refrigerated cargo space. To this must be added the volume of insulation, refrigeration machinery space etc. to obtain the gross volume required. After this the process is basically one of providing a hull which contains this volume, together with engine room, tanks etc.