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Macren

Adverb
An adverb is a ord that modi!ies a verb "he al#ed slo ly$% an ad&ective "a very good boo#$% or another adverb "he al#ed very slo ly$. Adverbs may indicate 'lace or direction " here% hence$% time "ever% immediately$% degree "very% almost$% manner "thus% and ords ending in (ly% such as isely$% and belie! or doubt "'erha's% no$. Li#e ad&ectives% they too may be com'arative " isely% more isely% most isely$. Adverbs are

ords that modi!y as his

a verb ")e drove slo ly. * )o did he drive+$ an ad&ective ")e drove a very !ast car. * )o !ast car+$

another adverb ",he moved -uite slo ly do n the aisle. * )o slo ly did she move+$

As e ill see% adverbs o!ten tell hen% here% hy% or under hat conditions something ha''ens or ha''ened. Adverbs !re-uently end in -ly. ho ever% many ords and 'hrases not ending in -ly serve an adverbial !unction and an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a ord is an adverb. The ords lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighborly% !or instance% are ad&ectives:

That lovely

oman lives in a !riendly neighborhood.

/! a grou' o! ords containing a sub&ect and verb acts as an adverb "modi!ying the verb o! a sentence$% it is called an Adverb Clause: 0hen this class is over% e1re going to the movies. 0hen a grou' o! ords not containing a sub&ect and verb acts as an adverb% it is called an adverbial phrase. Prepositional phrases !re-uently have adverbial !unctions "telling 'lace and time% modi!ying the verb$:

)e ent to the movies. ,he or#s on holidays. They lived in Canada during the ar.

Adverbs can modi!y adjectives% but an ad&ective cannot modi!y an adverb. Thus e ould say that 2the students sho ed a really onder!ul attitude2 and that 2the students sho ed a onder!ully casual attitude2 and that 2my 'ro!essor is really tall% but not 2)e ran real !ast.2 Li#e ad&ectives% adverbs can have com'arative and su'erlative !orms to sho degree.

0al# !aster i! you ant to #ee' u' ith me. The student ho reads !astest ill !inish !irst. degree

0e o!ten use more and most% less and least to sho ith adverbs:

0ith snea#ers on% she could move more -uic#ly among the 'atients. The !lo ers ere the most beauti!ully arranged creations /1ve ever seen. ,he or#ed less con!idently a!ter her accident. That as the least s#ill!ully done 'er!ormance /1ve seen in years.

The as * as construction can be used to create adverbs that ex'ress sameness or e-uality: 2)e can1t run as !ast as his sister.2 A hand!ul o! adverbs have t o !orms% one that ends in -ly and one that doesn1t. /n certain cases% the t o !orms have di!!erent meanings:

)e arrived late. Lately% he couldn1t seem to be on time !or anything. ithout the -ly ending should

/n most cases% ho ever% the !orm be reserved !or casual situations:

,he certainly drives slo )e did rong by her.

in that old 3uic# o! hers.

)e s'o#e shar'% -uic#% and to the 'oint.

Kinds of Adverbs Adverbs o! Manner ,he moved slo ly and s'o#e -uietly. Adverbs o! 4lace ,he has lived on the island all her li!e. ,he still lives there no . Adverbs o! 5re-uency ,he ta#es the boat to the mainland every day. ,he o!ten goes by hersel!. Adverbs o! Time ,he tries to get bac# be!ore dar#. /t1s starting to get dar# no . ,he !inished her tea !irst. ,he le!t early.

Adverbs o! 4ur'ose ,he drives her boat slo ly to avoid hitting the roc#s. ,he sho's in several stores to get the best buys.

Order of Adverbs There is a basic order in hich adverbs ill a''ear hen there is more than one. /t is similar to The Royal 6rder o! Ad&ectives% but it is even more !lexible.

T)7 R68AL 6R97R 65 A9:7R3, :erb 3eth s ims 9ad al#s Tashond a na's Manner 4lace 5re-uency Time be!ore da n 4ur'ose to #ee' in sha'e. enthusiasticall in the every y 'ool morning im'atiently into to n

every be!ore to get a a!ternoon su''er ne s'a'er. be!ore lunch.

in her every room morning

/n actual 'ractice% o! course% it ould be highly unusual to have a string o! adverbial modi!iers beyond t o or three "at the most$. 3ecause the 'lacement o! adverbs is so !lexible% one or t o o! the modi!iers ould 'robably move to the beginning o! the sentence: 27very a!ternoon be!ore su''er% 9ad im'atiently al#s into to n to get a ne s'a'er.2 0hen that ha''ens% the introductory adverbial modi!iers are usually set o!! ith a comma.

Exercises

Exercise A
Underline the adverbs in the following sentences: 1. The birds sang sweetly. 2. The man spoke slowly. 3. The children played happily. 4. The boy wrote his exercise badly. 5. The woodcutter looked sadly at the river. 6. Come here. 7. Every soldier fought bravely. 8. You must work hard if you want to do this exercise correctly. 9. ichard ate his breakfast fast and then ran !uickly to school. 10. The school team played well and won its game easily.

Exercise B
"n action verb is underlined in each sentence. Circle the adverb that describes the verb. #. $y grandpa snored loudly. %. Chloe played on the beach yesterday. &. ' will visit my friend tomorrow. (. )eorge* will you come here+ ,. $y sheepdog sat la-ily in the pool. .. /eil slowly placed a card on the card house. 0. /eil stopped suddenly and listened. 1. /athan stamped his feet angrily. 2. ' carefully glued the last piece onto the model. #3. 4am accidentally slipped on the ice.

Exercise C
Circle the adverbs in the following sentences. Underline the ad5ective that they modify:

Tom did a very difficult exercise. That hat is too big for you. Yes* it is rather large. 6inner is almost ready. This book is more interesting than that one. .. 4he had an unusually fine feel for politics. 7. $any men offered rather unfair treatment to women. 8. Too few people remember "spasia7s name. 9. 4he was a most remarkable woman. 10. 4he was a remarkable intelligent person. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Exercise D
Circle the adverbs which modify other adverbs in the following sentences. Underline the adverbs which they modify. 1. 8ohn speaks 9rench very well. 2. ' think he answered that !uestion extremely cleverly. 3. :e drove the car rather fast in that busy street 4. ;e are nearly there now. 5. 4he spoke !uite often with the great men of "thens. 6. 'n her day* "spasia was known nearly everywhere. 7. ;hy is she so seldom mentioned today+ 8. "spasia wrote speeches extremely well. 9. :e speaks unusually poorly. 10. The parts were played too slowly.

Exercise E
"nswer the following !uestion. Encircle the correct answer.

#. ;hich of these adverbs is an adverb of time+ "< =< C< 6< yesterday slowly loudly upstairs

%. ;hich of these adverbs tells you how something happened+ "< =< C< 6< often carefully recently everywhere

&. ;hich of these adverbs tells you where something happened+ "< regularly =< warmly C< happily 6< happily (. ;hich of these sentences does not contain an adverb+ "< ;e are travelling tomorrow. =< ;e walked !uickly. C< ' bought a pair of shoes. 6< :e dressed smartly for the interview. ,. ;hich of these adverbs is the most suitable to complete the sentence: The dog growled . "< neatly =< timidly C< happily 6< menancingly .. 'n which of these sentences is the word fast an adverb+ "< 4he liked to drive a fast car. =< 4he likes to drive fast. C< 4he was a fast eater. 6< =efore the operation ' had to fast for #% hours

0. Complete the following sentence. 8ohn can run fast* but >eter runs "< faster =< fasting C< fast 6< fasted

1. Complete the following sentence. ' used to live near the office* but my new flat is even "< nearing =< nearer C< nearest 6< near

2. Complete the following sentence. ' felt badly that we had lost the match. 4heila said she felt worse but as Carol had let the goal in she felt the . "< badly =< bad C< worst 6< worser #3. Complete the following sentence. $arie sings beautifully but Claire sings "< more beautifuller =< more beautifully C< more beautifulling 6< more beauty .

Answers

Exercise A

1. sweetly 2. slowly 3. happily 4. badly 5. sadly 6. here 7. bravely 8. hard* correctly 9. fast* then* !uickly 10. well* easily
Exercise B
#. $y grandpa snored loudly. %. Chloe played on the beach yesterday. &. ' will visit my friend tomorrow. (. )eorge* will you come here+ ,. $y sheepdog sat la-ily in the pool. .. /eil slowly placed a card on the card house. 0. /eil stopped suddenly and listened. 1. /athan stamped his feet angrily. 2. ' carefully glued the last piece onto the model. #3. 4am accidentally slipped on the ice.

Exercise C

1. very* difficult 2. Too* big 3. rather* large 4. almost* ready 5. more* interesting 6. unusually* 7. rather* unfair 8. too* few 9. most* remarkable intelligent

fine

10. remarkably* Exercise D #. very* well

%. extremely* cleverly &. rather* fast (. nearly* there ,. !uite* often .. nearly* everywhere 0. so* seldom 1. extremely* well 2. unusually* poorly #3. too* slowly

Exercise E #. ;hich of these adverbs is an adverb of time+ The correct answer is: A. ?Yesterday7 is an adverb of time. 't describes when an action happened. 9or example: ' went to the shops yesterday. %. ;hich of these adverbs tells you how something happened+ The correct answer is: B. ?Carefully7 is an adverb which describes how something happened. 9or example: :e carefully placed the baby in the cot. &. ;hich of these adverbs tells you where something happened+ The correct answer is: D. ?@utside7 is an adverb which describes where something happened. 9or example: ' en5oy running outside.

(. ;hich of these sentences does not contain an adverb+ The correct answer is: C. The sentence which does not contain an adverb is: ' bought a pair of shoes. ,. ;hich of these adverbs is the most suitable to complete the sentence: The dog growled . The correct answer is: D. The most suitable adverb is AmenacinglyA: the dog growled menacingly. .. 'n which of these sentences is the word fast an adverb+ The correct answer is: B. 'n the sentence: 4he likes to drive fast* the word ?fast7 is an adverb. 't describes how she drives. 0. Complete the following sentence. 8ohn can run fast* but >eter runs . The correct answer is: A. The word ?faster7 is the comparative form of

?fast7. The comparative form is used to compare two actions with one another. The complete sentence reads: 8ohn can run fast* but >eter runs faster.
1. Complete the following sentence. ' used to live near the office* but my

new flat is even

The correct answer is: B. The word ?nearer7 is the comparative form of ?near7. The comparative form is used to compare two actions with one another. The complete sentence reads: ' used to live near the office* but my new flat is even nearer.

2. Complete the following sentence. ' felt badly that we had lost the match. 4heila said she felt worse but as Carol had let the goal in she felt the . The correct answer is: C. The word ?worst7 is the superlative form of badly. The superlative form is used to compare three or more actions. The complete sentence reads: ' felt badly that we had lost the match. 4heila said she felt worse but as Carol had let the goal in she felt the worst. #3. Complete the following sentence: $arie sings beautifully but Claire sings . The correct answer is: B. The phrase ?more beautifully7 is the comparative form of ?beautifully7. The comparative form is used to compare two actions with one another. The complete sentence reads: $arie sings beautifully but Claire sings more beautifully.