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Cisco Confidential
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
PSTN
VoIP Signaling H.323 MGCP H.323 RAS SIP
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
PSTN
Telephony Signaling Analog: FXS/FXO/E&M Digital: T1/E1 PRI T1 CAS / E1 R2
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Digital
PBX
PBX
PSTN
FXS
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
PSTN
! isdn switch-type primary-ni ! controller T1 0/0 framing esf linecode b8zs pri-group timeslots 1-24 ! int s0/0:23 isdn incoming-voice voice isdn switch-type primary-ni ! voice-port 0/0:23 ! dial-peer voice 1 pots destination-pattern 3 direction-inward-dial port 0/0:23 !
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Globally defines ISDN switch type Defines T1-PRI under the T1 controller D-channel (int s0/0:23) and voiceport will be automatically created once pri-group is defined on the T1 controller; D-channel carries the call information such as DNIS (called number) and ANI (calling number) Create pots dial-peer which defines voice call routing rules
PSTN
E&M Feature Group D: Double wink with the second wink to acknowledge reception of DNIS; FGD supports collection of ANI
Gateway(config-controller)#ds0-group 1 time 1-24 type ? e&m-delay-dial E & M Delay Dial Single wink is sent to the e&m-fgd E & M Type II FGD remote end to signal e&m-immediate-start E & M Immediate Start readiness to receive DNIS; e&m-wink-start E & M Wink Start A.K.A Feature Group B ext-sig External Signaling fgd-eana FGD-EANA BOC side fgd-os FGD-OS BOC side FGD Equal Access North fxo-ground-start FXO Ground Start America; A variant of FGD fxo-loop-start FXO Loop Start which supports sending fxs-ground-start FXS Ground Start of ANI fxs-loop-start FXS Loop Start none Null Signalling for External Call Control
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
PSTN
controller T1 0/0 framing esf linecode b8zs Use first 12 channels ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-12 type e&m-fgd and e&m-fgd to receive ds0-group 2 timeslots 13-24 type fgd-eana inbound calls and ! receive ANI information voice-port 0/0:1 ! voice-port 0/0:2 ! Use last 12 channels and fgddial-peer voice 1 pots eana to send outbound calls incoming called-number . and send ANI direct-inward-dial port 0/0:1 ! Direct-inward-dial used to dial-peer voice 2 pots prevent the gateway from incoming called-number . generating a second dial-tone destination-pattern 9T on inbound calls direct-inward-dial port 0/0:2
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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PSTN
VoIP Signaling H.323 MGCP H.323 RAS SIP
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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H.323
TDM IP
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
PSTN
Cisco CallManager
H.323 is a peer-to-peer protocol All PSTN signaling terminates on gateway H.225 and H.245 signaling communications over TCP between gateways and CallManager Media over UDP directly between gateways and IP phones; CCM responsible for call setup/tear-down and capability negotiation only
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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H323 Gateway
Q.931 Setup
PSTN
Q.931 Alert
PSTN
T1-PRI Ring
Ringback
H.245 Master/Slave Deter. H.245 Open Logical Chan. H.245 OLC ACK
H.225 Connect
Q.931 Connect
Offhook
Direct Media Connect b/w IP Phone and Gateway RTP/UDP/IP
2001
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
555-1234
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
Forces this gateway to use the loopback interface for all H.323 signal and RTP traffic H.225 setup redundancy: try a second VOIP dial-peer if the remote H.323 peer does not response in 5 seconds H.245 codec negotiation flexibility: negotiate to g729 if possible; otherwise g711ulaw is okay too
Try this dial-peer first if 2 is match because it has the highest preference: 0; default preference value, therefore invisible in dial-peer configuration
If the IP host in dial-peer 1 (20.1.1.1) does not response H.225 setup in 5 seconds, try this dialpeer as it has lower preference
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2a
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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2b
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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i/0:-56/-38 dBm
H323-gateway#sh call active voice <SNIP><SNIP><SNIP><SNIP><SNIP> ReceiveDelay=64 ms LostPackets=0 EarlyPackets=1 LatePackets=0 VAD = enabled CoderTypeRate=g711ulaw CodecBytes=160 CallerName=Ben Ng
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20
PSTN
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Debug:
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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cch323_run_h225_sm: Setup ccb 0x63ABFD80 callID 0x32B ======= PI in cch323_h225_generic_send_setup = 0 Send infoXCap 128 src address = 10.1.1.1 of h225SetupRequest dest address = 20.1.1.1 of h225SetupRequest H.225 SM: received event H225_EVENT_CONN_LOST while at
Cisco Confidential
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PSTN
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Debug:
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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Gateways Calling Search Space could not reach IP phones Partition, therefore, CallManager rejected the call with a cause code of 0x1, which is Unallocated /Uassigned number
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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MGCP messages are sent over IP/UDP between MGC and MGsignaling plane
Voice traffic is carried over IP/RTPdata plane
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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MGCP Endpoints
Endpoints are voice ports on a MGCP gateway
Analog Endpoint Identifier
AALN/S1/SU0/0@MGCP-GWY.cisco.com: the endpoint is voice port 1/0/0 on a gateway with hostname of MGCP-GWY and domain name of cisco.com
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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DLCX(CA <-> EP) RQNT (CA EP) NTFY (CA EP) AUEP (CA EP) AUCX (CA EP) RSIP (CA EP)
Restart In Progress
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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MGCP Gateway
(1) {Stn. Off-hook} NTFY O: L/hd
Cisco Confidential
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
PSTN
Cisco CallManager
Call Signaling
Framing and Layer 2 signaling terminates at the gateway Q.921 status and Q.931 signal backhauled to the Cisco CallManager MGCP 0.1 with Cisco CallManager only MGCP messages over UDP, port 2427 PRI Backhaul messages over TCP, port 2428
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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Must match Domain Name on MGCP Gateway page on CCM Enables MGCP process globally Defines Primary Call-agent: the IP address of primary CCM Defines secondary call-agent MGCP version 0.1 with CCM Defines on the T1 controller that the PRI ports will be serviced by MGCP Under D-channel, binds L3 (Q.931) to call manager Defines MGCP as the call application under pots dial-peer
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GW1(config)#mgcp bind ? control bind only MGCP control packets media bind only media packets
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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2
Must match with hostname and IP domain-name (if applicable) on the IOS gateway
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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MGCP connection endpoints eligibile for MGCP management MGCP data channel information MGCP profile MGCP statistics
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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GW1#debug ccm-manager ? backhaul CallManager config-download CallManager errors CallManager events CallManager music-on-hold CallManager
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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2001
R1
PRI
PSTN
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Cisco Confidential
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2001
R1
PRI
PSTN
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R1#sh isdn stat Global ISDN Switchtype = primary-ni ISDN Serial1/0:23 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = primary-ni L2 Protocol = Q.921 L3 Protocol(s) = primary-ni Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: TEI = 0, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Layer 3 Status: 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Active dsl 0 CCBs = 0 The Free Channel Mask: 0x8000003F Number of L2 Discards = 2, L2 Session ID = 30 Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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RRQ/RCF/RRJ (registration)
Endpoint alias/IP address binding, endpoint authentication
ARQ/ACF/ARJ (admission)
LRQ/LCF/LRJ (location)
Inter-gatekeeper communication
Cisco Confidential
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Gatekeeper
RRQ
Hello: I am Registering My Name or E.164 Address (Gateway A)
RRQ
RCF
RCF
Gateway A
IP QoS WAN
UDP Transport Port 1719 RRQRegistration Request RRJRegistration Reject RCFRegistration Confirm
Gateway B
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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ARQ
ACF
IP QoS WAN
H.323 Call Set-Up
Gateway A
Gateway B
ACF (Admission Confirm) Yes You Can, Use G/W B IP Address X.X.X.X
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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Zone B
Gatekeeper B
ARQ
ACF
IP WAN
H.225 Call Setup H.225 Connect
ACF
ARQ
RTP
Gateway A Gateway B
Phone A
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Phone B
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GK B
GK
Gateway B
RRQ/RCF
Set-Up
Call Proceeding ARQ ACF Alerting/Connect
H.245 Master/Slave
H.245 Cap Exchange H.245 OLC Media (RTP)
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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IP Network
GK
LCF
GK
ACF ARQ ARQ H.225 Fast Start H.225 Fast Connect RTP Gateway A Gateway B ACF
Phone B Phone A
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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Default Technology: Configured on gatekeepers for default routing of any unresolved E.164 addresses to gateways that registered with a specific tech prefix
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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3) Is target-zone local? Y
Send LRQ
4)Was a Tech Prefix found in Step 1? N 5) Is target address registered? N 6) Is a default Tech Prefix set?
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Send ACF
Send ARJ Y Send ACF Select local GW with Tech Prefix Send ARJ N
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Send ACF
Y N
Cisco Confidential
N
N
3) Is target-zone local? Y
Send LCF
4) Was a Tech Prefix found in Step 1? N Is target address registered? N Y Is a default Tech Prefix set?
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Send LRJ
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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GK#show gatekeeper zone prefix ZONE PREFIX TABLE ================= GK-NAME E164-PREFIX ----------------SJ 1408* SF 1415* RTP 1919* DAL 1972*
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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Flags -----
CCM servers in a cluster register to gatekeeper using the Device name configured on the CCM Trunk page; for purpose of having a unique H323-ID for each server in the cluster, CCM attaches _1, _2, _3, etc., to the end of the configured Trunk Device Name
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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To see RAS messages and information contained within, use debug h225 asn1:
*Mar 7 21:03:57.339: RAS INCOMING PDU ::= value RasMessage ::= admissionRequest : destinationInfo dialedDigits : "19725552000" ip 'AC10F279'H port 4042 bandWidth 1280 callReferenceValue 14 gatekeeperIdentifier {"SJ"} } *Mar 7 21:03:57.355: ARQ (seq# 11652) rcvd
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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SIP Basics
SIP is Session Initiation Protocol
SIP is a peer-to-peer protocol defined in RFC 3261 SIP is human readable; (ASCII text-based; aids debugging)
Uses UDP as well as TCP, flexibly connecting users independent of the underlying infrastructure
SIP is extensible; (unrecognized headers are ignored)
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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SIP Components
User Agents (UA)
User Agent Client (UAC)originates SIP requests User Agent Server (UAS)terminate SIP requests EndpointsIP phones, SoftPhones, gateways
Typically an endpoint or a SIP User Agent (UA) can function as both a UAC and UAS Servers (optional and logical SIP component)
Proxy server Redirect server
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
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SIP Components
SIP Servers/ Services
Where is this name/phone#? 3xx Redirection They moved, try this address
Registrar
Redirect
Location Database
REGISTER Here I am
SIP Proxy
SIP-GW
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
Cisco Confidential
The response messages consist of status-line with various status codes (1xx, 2xx, 3xx, 4xx, 5xx, 6xx)
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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SIP Responses
Description 1xx Informational: Request received, continuing to process request Success: Action was successfully received, understood and accepted Redirection: Another SIP Element needs to be contacted n i order to complete the request Examples 100 Trying 180 Ringing 181 Call is b eing forwarded 183 Session progressing 200 OK 202 Acceptable 300 Multiple choices 301 Moved permanently 302 Moved temporarily 401 Unauthorized 406 Not acceptable 407 Proxy authentication required 486 Busy here 487 Request terminated 488 Not acceptable here 502 Bad gateway 503 Service unavailable 600 Busy everywhere 603 Decline
2xx 3xx
4xx
Client Error: Request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled at this server
5xx 6xx
Server Error: Server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request Global Failure: Request is invalid at any server
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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Signal Plane
RTP
Media Plane
RTCP
Media (UDP)
RTP
RTCP
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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SIP
skinny SCCP
SIP
Media Stream
1 2
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
SW MTP Is Instructed out of Band to Send RTP Packets with Payloads that Indicated DTMF Digits; (not in Band Audio: DTMF Signaling Packets in the Media Stream Packets)
Cisco Confidential
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100 Trying
200 OK w/SDP
SCCP Ringback
ACK
CCM Establishes Media
RTP Stream #1 RTP Stream #2
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SIP Trunk
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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Logical Name
Required for RFC 2833 IP Address, FQDN Or DNS SRV Default SRV Port Default port number(1024-65535) TCP or UDP Preferred Codec for SIP
TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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TECCIE-3001 13799_05_2007_c2
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