Contents

Re 30: 2D steady simulation (1 order) .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Geometry:...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Fluid body around cylinder .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Mesh refinement area......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Mesh................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Mesh refinements................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Named selections.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Setup ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Materials .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Reference Values .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Solution Methods ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Monitors .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Calculation activities ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Run calculation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Exporting results .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Re 30: 2D steady simulation (2nd order) ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Exporting results ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Re 30: 2D transient simulation (2nd order)..........................................................................................................................................................10 Setup ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 General ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 Materials .................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 Reference Values .................................................................................................................................................................................................10 Monitors .................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 Solution initialization.........................................................................................................................................................................................10 Calculation activities ..........................................................................................................................................................................................10 Run calculation ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................10 Exporting results .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Re 100 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
st

Re 100: 2D steady simulation (1st order) .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 Re 100: 2D steady simulation (2nd order) ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 Re 100: 2D transient simulation (1st order)..................................................................................................................................................... 12 Results ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Late update of project requirements: .................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Re 100: 2D transient 2nd order (redo) ................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Mesh.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Refining the Mesh refinements .................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Setup ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................15 General ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................15 Boundary Conditions ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Reference Values ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Solution Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Monitors ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Solution initialization........................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Calculation activities ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Run calculation ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Checking results

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Re 4500 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................20 Re 4500: 2D steady simulation (1st order) .....................................................................................................................................................20 Re 4500: 2D steady simulation (2nd order) ................................................................................................................................................... 22 Results .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Re 4500: 2D transient simulation (2nd order)............................................................................................................................................. 24

Re 4500: 2D transient simulation (2nd order) with turbulence ........................................................................................................... 28 Results with turbulence model k-epsilon standard ............................................................................................................................. 28 3D simulation................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 L/D=1 at Re=4500 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Geometry ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31 Mesh ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Setup .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................32 Results ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Addendum ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Notes ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 58 Results .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61 Files in the DVD....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61

Re 30: 2D steady simulation (1st order)

This is the first simulation so more steps will be explained. After installing ansys and running it for the first time, we create a new folder in which well save all our files related to the project. As soon as we open ansys we save the project in that folder before starting to work. Now we pull fluid flow (fluent) into the workspace and start. (my directory for this project is C:\Users\fesny\Dropbox\study\1 fluid\hw3\MAFILES\New week)

Geometry:
Before opening geometry we set its properties to 2D analysis. Then we double click.

Fluid body around cylinder

We draw a circle centered at the origin in the xy plane. Then in a new sketch we draw a rectangle around it. we dimension them both, where D is the diameter of the circle and in this case is equal to 1m, the water flow will be set from the left to the right. so the distance of the edges of the rectangle from the origin are 15m downwind(to the right), 5m upwind, and 3.5m to the sides(up and down) . Next a surface is made out of the circle sketch and generated. Same is done for the rectangle but added frozen instead of adding material. Then a Boolean is created to subtract the circle from the rectangle, and then generated, the result can be seen below, where the dimensions are added manually.

3.5

15 21

Mesh refinement area

Next we create a new sketch, draw a 3m circle around the first circle, then draw two lines from the intersection of the outer circle with the positive y-axis to the edge downwind, trying to make it horizontal, and only clicking when an H

shows above the line, same is repeated with the circles intersection with the negative y axis, the right half of the circle is then trimmed. From the resulting sketch we create lines, generate. then we create a projection, select the half circle and horizontal lines while holding the Crtl button, and setting the target surface as the rectangular surface. And generating. A screen shot of the final result is shown below:

The final sketch which was projected into the rectangle is the boundary to the portion of the fluid domain where the mesh will be refined because fluid motion is anticipated to be intensive. We now close the geometry.

Mesh
We right-click mesh, update it, and then double click it when it has done updating.

Mesh refinements

right click the mesh in the menu on the left insertsizing, then we change the mouse into an edge selector and select the half circle. We also change the type to number of divisions and set the number of divisions to 40, behavior to hard, generate. right click meshinsertsizing, change the mouse into the surface selector and select the area inside the half circle and the two parallel lines. Set the element size to 0.1 and behavior to hard. Generate. repeat for the area outside the half circle and the two parallel lines. But set the element size to 0.4 and behavior to hard. Generate.

Named selections
Next, while the edge selector is used, select the top and bottom edges of the triangle (while holding down ctrl), right click model in the tree menue on the left insert named selection. Right click the named selection you just created and edit its name to moving wall. Repeat for the left edge of the rectangle named inlet, right edge(all three sections)

named pressure outlet, and the inner circle named cylinder. Generate, the result mesh should look like the one below

Setup
Double click setup, change the precision to double point. And processing options to parallel and the number of cores to 2(depends on your machines processor and how many processors it has), uncheck the ansys color scheme to have cooler graphs and more relaxed eyes, and click ok.

General
Under mesh click check and see if any problems show up. Then click report quality, orthogonal quality ranges from 0-1 and aspect ratio ranges usually from 1-10, both should be around 1. My Aspect ratio is 5 and the orthogonal quality is 0.57; far from good, but not an immediate cause of concern either. Gravity is not checked because our fluid (air) is of small density.

Materials
Select air.

Boundary Conditions

Zone inleteditchange velocity specification method to components, and give the x-component a value that corresponds to our first Re.

Reynold numbers to use for 2D case

We want to use 3 Re numbers which would give us different types of flows, the question paper mentions in the 3rd line of the 1st paragraph in the 1st page, that 2D flows develop an unstable wake for Re>50. Also, in the 6th line of step

4) in the second page, it mentions that for unsteady flow we should add the turbulence model if our Re>300, although that comment relates to TRANSIENT (unsteady) flow only, we will consider it here for the sake of comparison. And so for our 3 Re numbers we will take Re=30(<50) where we expect a stable wake. Re=100(>50) where we expect the wake to be unstable. And my assigned Re=4500 which is >300 so it requires the turbulence model, but also itll be the same as the one thatll be used in 3D so we can compare the results between the 2D and 3D simulation.
So for our first Re=30; Since Input X-velocity= . Ok.
( ) ( )

Zone moving walleditwall motionmoving wallOk

Reference Values
Compute frominlet. Ok

Solution Methods
Momentum first order upwind

Monitors
Convergence
Residuals, statistic and force monitorseditequationschange absolute criteria for x-velocity to 0.00001, ok.

Coefficient of drag
Residuals, statistic and force monitors createdragoptionscheck the plot and write boxes, add descriptions to the file name; cd-1-history 2D steady Re30. Select cylinder in wall zones. Ok.(you can add print to console just in case(?))

Coefficient of lift
Repeat steps in coefficient of drag. Replacing cd with cl.

Calculation activities
Autosave every (iterations)enter 1

Run calculation
Click check case and look through the tabs. Notice the solver recommendation, which we will ignore because this is an initial solution. Ok.

Set number of iterations to 1000. Click calculate, ok and wait.

Exporting results

Fileexportcase name it case 2D steady Re30 Fileexport data name it data 2D steady Re30 Fileexportsolution datafile typeCFD-post compatible. FormatASCII. quantitiesselect static pressure, velocity magnitude, stream function and vorticity magnitude write, name it solution 2D steady Re30. Optional: copy all files in the fluent folder in your project directory(C:\Users\fesny\Dropbox\study\1 fluid\hw3\MAFILES\New week\cylinder_files\dp0\FFF\Fluent)created after the cl and cd history files(using details view and sorting by date of creation) in a separate backup folder somewhere, these are all the files required to substitute or reproduce this simulation(I think).

Show convergence plots. Check if cl and cd are reasonable Velocity vectors, streamline contours, static pressure and vorticity Streamline video Try opening the cl and cd monitor files into excel

Re 30: 2D steady simulation (2nd order)

Duplicate, Keep everything as it is, except disable autosave and change the simulation into 2nd order upowind and change the name for cl and cd into 2nd(order) Reference values Cd 3.5 Cl 0.02

Exporting results
Fileexportcase name it case 2D steady Re30 2nd Fileexport data name it data 2D steady Re30 2nd Fileexportsolution datafile typeCFD-post compatible. FormatASCII. quantitiesselect static pressure, velocity magnitude, stream function and vorticity magnitude write, name it solution 2D steady Re30 2nd.

Re 30: 2D transient simulation (2nd order)

Duplicate the previous one

Setup General
Solvertime transient

Materials
Select air.

Reference Values
Compute frominlet. Ok

Monitors

Residuals, statistic and force monitorseditconvergence criterionrelative or absolute. ok.

Solution initialization
Hybrid initialization initialize

Calculation activities

Automatic exportcreatesolution data export file type: CFD-post compatiblequantities select static pressure, velocity magnitude, stream function and vorticity magnitude file name: 2D transient Re30ok.

Run calculation
Click check case. Should have no recommendations. Set Time step size to We want a time step and step size that would allow a fluid particle to cross the length of the domain. After some calculations, a time step of 120s 400 times should do it. (because the velocity is so small for the small Re number) Also set time stepping method to adaptive (perhaps would help). Click calculate, ok and wait.

Cd=3, cl=0.02.

Exporting results
Save project Fileexportcase name it case 2D transient Re30 2nd Fileexport data name it data 2D transient Re30 2nd Fileexportsolution datafile typeCFD-post compatible. FormatASCII. quantitiesselect static pressure, velocity magnitude, stream function and vorticity magnitude write, name it solution 2D transient Re30 2nd.

Re 100
We now repeat chapters 1.1, 1.2 and 2 once for Re=100 and once for Re=4500 For Re=4500 we will add a fourth experiment with turbulence mode on, since Re is above 300.

Re 100: 2D steady simulation (1st order)

So for our 2nd Re=100; Since
( ) ( )

Change name of cl and cd: monitors 2D steady Re100 Turn off calculation activities Run 0.02 cd 3 cl Save the files case data and solution Collect them with cl and cd history

Re 100: 2D steady simulation (2nd order)

Solution methods 2nd order 2nd order upwind Monitors change name add 2nd RUN CALCULATIONS DATA FILE QUANTITIES Calculate Save project Cl and cd almost the same, but decreasing a bit apparently Save case data and solution, backup with cl and cd history.

Re 100: 2D transient simulation (1st order)

Duplicate rename Mesh(in file bar not menu)smooth/swapkeep clicking smooth till the orthogonal quality is within the acceptable range Generaltransient MonitorsResidual monitorsConvergence criterion relative or absolute Replace steady with transient in names of cd and cl Solution initializationhybrid initialization Automatic data exportcfd-post compatible format, quantities the usual 4 Rename FILE name(below) to 2d transient Re100 2nd

Run calculationcheck case, no recommendations. For time step: The length of our domain is 21m. our U0=0.001460734m/s for Re=100 (air). So it would take the air get a time step of 15.6 seconds. That may seem too big, but I hope using time stepping method adaptive would fix that. Also add max iterations/time step to 50. Also adding the time steps to 600 to let the flow develop more if it hadnt already. Calculate. Go have breakfast. =7800 seconds to cross the domain. if we devide that time by 500 time steps we will

Results
After coming from breakfast and shopping, the computer has slept, when turning it on, workbench was there but fluent was closed. The AutoSaved data at every time step were found in their directories. When trying to create a video from the saved frames, fixing the range of the scale of contour levels was very hard, also the cl and cd were cyclic in time. Which is when I went to the prof, YOU.

Late update of project requirements:

Turns out the 2D mesh should have about 50,000 nodes/elements, and 3D should have 800,000 nodes.elements (previously told to be 0.75 million, and even 500,000). Which turns my mesh of 6,000 elements abysmal.

Although I save my case, data and solution files after every run, as it instructs in the question handout; save both the case and solution file, results of this simulation will serve as a starting point for the unsteady simulations make convergence faster, I wasnt able to use them to initialize my transient simulations, as much as a I looked in Fluent help and online. I learned a way to do it which I have not verified. And now it appears that calculating again as long as you dont change anything continues from where you stopped off before, also meaning that you can pause anytime you want. Also you can specify a small amount of iterations to be run and if you dont see it as enough you can just run another bunch of iterations. You can also stop at anytime without damaging your results, they will be dilevered midway and are not dependent on the initially specified number of iterations. Solution initialization should be standard from inlet and not hybrid, perhaps? Moving walls are bogus as a boundary condition because relative to cell zone which is zero so its not moving. And even if you move it at an absolute speed equal to the inlet fluid speed then it would be different than the velocity of some fluid regions in contact with it. so we change to walls with zero shear. SAAAAVE RESIDUALS Turns out I used re30 velocity for re100

And so, I will correct my project, but only in the left portion of it, I will not repeat what I already did. I will however redo the last simulation which the computer slept after and apply my new modified mesh and setup to.

Re 100: 2D transient 2nd order (redo)

Mesh Refining the Mesh refinements
We double the number of edge divisions (becomes 80), and half the size in the face sizing of both areas; inside the half circle and outside it (0.05 and 0.2 respectively). Yields around 25,000 nodes/elements. Which dont seem to be enough, so we decrease the size outside the half circle region to 0.1 and add an edge sizing to the cylinder circumference with the value of 160 (to match the 80 divisions of the half circle). The result is approximately 30,000 elements/nodes. And it seems very very fine. And so the goal of 50,000 min will be abandoned.

Setup General
Under mesh click check, no problems should show up. Then click report quality, my aspect ratio is 4.5 and the orthogonal quality is 0.7; better than the last. Next we go to meshsmooth/swapclick smooth continuously. Eventually we get our aspect ratio to be 3.6 instead of 4.5, and the orthogonal quality to be 0.94 instead of 0.7.

Verify solver time is set to transient.

Boundary Conditions
Verify the inlet velocity for our Input X-velocity= Ok. Zone moving walleditwall motionmoving wall; leave = 0. Motionabsolute. Shear conditionspecified shear; leave = 0.

Reference Values
Compute frominlet. Ok

Solution Methods Monitors

Convergence

Momentum second order upwind. Pressuresecond order.

Residuals, statistic and force monitorsedit convergence criteriarelative or absolute Change iterations to plot and iterations to store to 10,000. Just in case.

Coefficient of drag & lift

Verify the name represents the simulation variables.

Solution initialization Calculation activities

Initialization methodsstandard initializations. Compute from inlet.

Automatic exportcreate solution data exportfile type; CFD post compatible. Quantitiesselect the usual 4 quantities; static pressure, velocity magnitude, stream function and vorticity magnitude. Rename filename to 2d transient Re100 2nd redo.

Run calculation
Click check case and look through the tabs. Notice the solver recommendation, which we will ignore because this is an initial solution. Ok. For the time step, our domain length is 21m. Our inlet velocity is . It would take a velocity particle

to get to the end of the domain. If we round that to 15000 seconds, and divide that time into 200 time steps, each time step would be 75 seconds long. But I hope that enabling the variable time step option would manage that big time step somehow, and increase and decrease it appropriately, as what I understood from Fluent help files.

Set number of time steps to 200. Click calculate, ok and wait.

Checking results

The results are bad, there is no shedding and no fluctuation in the lift and drag, and so we change our time step and rerun. Rerunning finishes the calculation in 10 seconds, not changing the results. So we reinitialize the solution using hybrid initialization and rerun, after we save all our data, just in case it wasnt bogus.

This time we will use 2000 time steps instead of 200, and a time step value of 0.75 seconds instead of 7.7. also reduce max iterations per time step to 20 from 30 iteration/time step. Run Note, the adaptive time stepping method turned my time step into 10s after the first few iterations. Bad I think. My initial time step was wrong? Yes. With 2000 time steps I should use 7.5, I used 0.75 instead, and the adaptive took it to 10. It seems the shedding doesnt occur at Re >50 as the notes say. But the velocity does circulate behind the cylinder

Fileexportcase name it case 2D steady Re30 Fileexport data name it data 2D steady Re30 Fileexportsolution datafile typeCFD-post compatible. FormatASCII. quantitiesselect static pressure, velocity magnitude, stream function and vorticity magnitude write, name it solution 2D steady Re30.

Re 4500
Re 4500: 2D steady simulation (1st order)
We duplicate our last simulation with the right mesh. General; report quality, good enough. Time to steady. Boundary conditions; inlet; edit So for our 2nd Re=100; Since So change x-velocity to Also, check boundary condition moving wall, whether shear is zero. Reference values compute from inlet Solution method both first order Change name of cl and cd: 2D steady Re 4500 Solution initialization keep at hybrid, click initialize. Calculation activities keep empty. Run activities keep at 1000.Run. The value seems to have converged so we terminate the simulation with crtl+c at 400 iterations. FINALLY, THE CL AND CD SHOW THE SINOSOIDAL WAVE IVE BEEN LOOKING FOR BEFORE.
( ) ( )

Save the files case, data and solution Collect them with cl and cd history

Re 4500: 2D steady simulation (2nd order)

We run in the same window as our last simulation. Solution method both pressure and momentum change to second order Change name of cl and cd: 2D steady Re 4500 2nd Dont initialize solution. Calculation activities select every 1 iteration, and in data quantities select the usual four. Run activities keep at 1000.Run.

Results
the residuals increase a bit, however the cl and cd become more reasonable.

Re 4500: 2D transient simulation (2nd order)

We run in the same window as our last simulation. Dont initialize solution. Calculation activities select every 1 iteration, and in data quantities select the usual four. Generaltransient MonitorsResidual monitorsConvergence criterion relative or absolute Replace steady with transient in names of cd and cl2D transient Re 4500 2nd Dont initialize solution. Automatic data exportcfd-post compatible format, quantities the usual 4 Rename FILE name(below) to 2d transient Re4500 2nd Solution animation create/editanimation sequence=1active, name=2d transient re4500 2nd every 1 iterationdefinestorage type=PPM imagestorage directory; create a new one C:\Users\fesny\Dropbox\study\1 fluid\hw3\MAFILES\New week\animation sequence\ display type=contourseditcontours of velocity and vorticity magnitude. Uncheck filled and auto range and set range to 0.001 and 1(a guess).ok.

Just discovered this; For time step: The length of our domain is 21m. our U0= So it would take the air /s for Re=4500 (air).

=319 seconds to cross the domain. if we round that to 350s and divide that time by 500

time steps we will get a time step of 0.7 seconds. I hope using time stepping method adaptive would assist in the simulation. Also put max iterations/time step to 20. However, for some reason the number of time steps field is greyed out and fixed with automatic, changing the time stepping method to fixed doesnt fix that. Reverting to adaptive and proceeding anyway.(maybe because of the data initialization.) Calculate. Go sleep. Actually, after a few seconds it stops;

so we select start calculation over. Apparently all that was initialization of the calculation, so we go back to calculation activities and uncheck the automatically initialize and modify case thats when the number of time steps field in caluclations becomes available. So we input 600 timesteps (instead of 500) and click calculate. The simulation was terminated after 1h:30m of runtime and approx. 200 timesteps or 1900 iterations. The ppm images were about 3 Mb in size each, being saved every iteration made the calculation extremely slow, and filled my hard drive very fast. The process of batch converting only half of these ppm images to jpg took a lot of time as well. Creating an animated gif image from the converted jpeg images was something no software I found could handle. So after selecting approximately one frame out of every 15, I was able to make a gif animation out of that; find attached. We save the case, data and solution files. And copy them along with the cl and cd files. ppm images are not copied due to their huge size and redundancy.

Re 4500: 2D transient simulation (2nd order) with turbulence

We keep everything as it is. In model, viscous/laminar, then edit, we select k-epsilon, the realizable model, and put Cmu(which I assume is the turbulence intensity we were told about) as =6.5733e-5

For the animation sequence in calculation activities, we add turbulence to its name to differentiate it from the last sequence, make the animation taken every 1 time step. And change the range of data displayed to 0.1 to 0.0001.ok. calculate. We notice that the adaptive time stepping method changed the time step to 2.78 seconds. Also when checking the case fluent suggests using k-epsilon realizable(which involve inputting unkown constants less likely to be the ones we were told about). Also to switch the vorticity and other variables to second order, which I ignore. Run.

Results with turbulence model k-epsilon standard

After 90 timesteps The graphs are when I forgot to add turbulence and when I did add it, consider it initialization.

3D simulation
L/D=1 at Re=4500 Geometry
We drag a new fluent flow system and open geometry. We sketch a circle of diameter 1m at the center of the xy plane, and then create an extrusion for that circle. Set direction to both-symmetric, set depth to 0.5m. Next from tools, we add an enclosure around our cylinder. The flow will be downstream in the +x-direction so the cushion there will be 15m, for x-direction 5m, and everywhere else 3m. Generate. Then go to create, Boolean, and just like in 2D, we subtract the tool cylinder from the target enclosure. Generate. Finally go to tools, symmetry, and select the xy plane and generate. Result:

Now we add some features for the mesh.we select the x-y plane and create a new sketch, select construction point and put it in the origin. Next we create a new sketch in the yz plane and draw a circle centered at the origin of diameter 2.5m. next we extrude the circle, extent type to surface and select the downwind end face of the box., and check the thin/surface box, and change the inward thickness to 0.

Mesh
Open mesh, generate mesh.

Then insert sizing into mesh. Select the whole body. Set type into sphere of influence, and sphere center to global coordinate center. Radius 2.5 and element size 0.1. Then by clicking mesh, and setting max face size to 0.2 and max size to 0.3, we get this mesh, which seems good enough albeit the low element number:

Finally, we add the symmetry plane, and the named selections just like the 2D case.

Setup
Click double precision and unclick workbench color scheme. Enable parallel processing. Check and report quality Minimum Orthogonal Quality = 0.23 Maximum Aspect Ratio = 17 Go to mesh, smooth/swap mesh several times changing percentage of cells to 1% and number of iterations to 40. New quality: orthogonal quality has gone up to .54 and aspect ratio down to 10. Boundary conditions: We set them up just like in the 2D case, with inlet velocity of Set up the reference values of U0 and A=D=1 (for this case). Change momentum to 1st order. Create and name the cl and cd monitors 3D 1 steady 1st order for Re=4500.

Change into 2nd order and run.

Results

We write the case,data and solution files named 3d 1 2nd. Note: in solution file there is no stream function quantity for some reason.

Change into transient Create automatic solution export, no stream function, uncheck write case ile everytime box. Copy 2d transient time because same parameters. But disable adaptable time steps to have smooth animations. 600 time steps of 0.7. From fluent help:

Extrapolate Variables instructs ANSYS FLUENT to predict the solution variable values for the next time step and then input that predicted value as an initial guess for the inner iterations of the current time step.
Sounds good, so we check its box. Results Done. Flow time = 70s, time step = 100

The data seems incomplete, especially when looking at Cd. After double checking the distance travelled by a particle starting at the end of the domain =speed*total time= ( ) , which is almost a fifth of the domain size. In other words, the number of time steps shouldve been 500 to cross the domain(21m) plus two meters=(23m). Instead of continuing the simulation however, we will switch to second order, not rename anything, and continue. We forgot to enable relative or absolute for the residuals before so we do so now. We are faced by the same problem for turbulent again, too many constants that I cant start to guess what they mean, so skip it and set 400 time steps and calculate.

Saved files. Copy them to archiving directory. Cut them this time and not copy because datafile of each time step was 25mb in size, causing all of them to be 11Gb in size

L/D=6 at Re=4500
Now we reopen geometry, and change the depth of the extrusion to 3m(both sides makes 6m). generate:

Next we refresh the mesh from the workbench and open it. then we change the diameter of the sphere of influence from 2.5 to 5.5, and generate the mesh.

The mesh has a bit under half a million nodes and 3 million elements. We refresh the setup then open it. We agree to initialize the time, athough maybe keeping it continuing from last project is what would serve our purpouse of converging faster, although we will start from unsteady for that as the geometries and mesh are different. Smooth swap the mesh. We actually forgot to change the velocity and continuity convergence criteria, this may help reduce the calculation time; we increase the continuity and the y and z criteria to 0.01. Change the name of cl and cd to 3D 6 steady 1st order Check case ancd calculate. Solution converged after 23 iterations, which is weird, even for 1st order steady.

Change to 2nd order and run

Results After a couple of hours, the residuals gradually kept increasing, and the cl and cd were a mess. While opening another program windows crashed and restarted. With convergence not attained using the previous mesh, we will change the mesh and run again

L/D=1 at Re=4500 Re-mesh (no sphere of influence)

Add sizing to inner cylinder faces and set size to 0.05 and behavior to hard. Change relevance center in main mesh to fine, smoothing to high. Change growth rate to 1.1. change max size and max face size to 0.3. use advanced size function, on proximity and curvature. And change inflation growth rate to 0.5 Elment midside nodes; program controlled, where were those before?????????????? Generate.

Finally add named selections, symmetry reigon and select z-axis as normal. Setup You may get an error about a missing wall zone, ignore it. Refresh and open. Enable double precision and disable workbench color scheme. After using mesh smooth/swap heavily. Minimum Orthogonal Quality = 5.02712e-01 Maximum Aspect Ratio = 1.35484e+01. 2% 4000 ITERATIONS, maybe thats what screws things up? Double check all the boundary conditions, enter velocity

Set the order of momentum to 1st, setup the cl and cd drags and name them 3d 6. Reduce the continuity and velocity in y and z residual criteria to 0.1, set the reference values from inlet, he usual. Results Ran whole 1000 iterations

The readings are a bit reasonable, as they are cyclic. However the cycles arent as clean and clear as we wish them to be. Copy all the files. Change to 2nd order, add animation sequence pictures to be taken of velocity vector every 10 iteration. Run. Results Forgot to set the color legend for the animation sequence output, so the result was useless. Now to save everything. Renaming cl and cd monitors to 3d 6 2nd since I forgot to rename them earlier. Fluent crashed before I save the solution and data files. So now have to re run steady then unsteady to have a chance for transient converging. Actually the steady results were save so we use those to re run transient;

We rename cl and cd monitors, check its 2nd order. And run. After it finishes, we uncheck the box we checked to initialize the solution and run 500 iterations. Results

Now we change to transient; Aaand a mistake I just discovered now, in reference values, the reference area should be L*D, when all I used to do was compute it from the inlet. And that was actually correct for the first case L=D but not here. Also the question rises here whether the L meant here is the whole L or half it because of symmetry. I will use half for what appears to be used, so =3m2. We enable relative or absolute for the residuals. Use adaptive time stepping, and use same as in 2d; 0.7s 500 times. and enable data extrapolation. Also we add automatic data export, disable writing case file evertime as the mesh isnt supposed to change, name it 3d 6 transient, set its format to the usual cfd post compatible, keep it at every 1 iteration, and hope the harddisk fits it all. We hit calculate and go check if the harddisk will be enough or not. Results:

After the 500 iterations, cd not bad, cl worst, residuals high;

We save the data (cut), and run turbulent model for another 500. Adaptive time step was 7, we turn it back to 0.7 Stuck, Restart the computer,lose the mesh, so import some case and data files. Transient, models viscouse is realizable k-epsilon Reference area is 3 and reference length is 1???????? Automatic export only vorticity change name to 3d 6 2nd transient turbulent final Change name of cl and cd to 3d 6 2nd transient turbulent final as well Load the solution file as initialization Fixed time step 0.2, run After it finishes, go back to calculation activities Uncheck automatically initialize and modify case, run for 100 time steps. With extrapolate variables checked. After ~13 iterations(seconds) we stop and set all of them to 2nd order and run for another 100 time steps Results;

Booring, even though the residuals are actually small, but maybe not enough time steps.100*0.2=20seconds20s*0.065733m/s= 1m out of 21m of the whole domain, no wonder nothing showed.

As can be seen the velocity is very small, almost non existent. Another interesting value that became available in results is turbulence intensity;

Next we do another 1000 time steps of variable time step. Huh, variable time stepping isnt available, unchecking result extrapolation box doesnt change that. run Nothing changed after some 30 seconds,

so now we make the time step much much bigger, a time step of 10 seconds, and keep an eye for when the cl and cd change. THE PROBLEM IS IN THE BIG ASS DOMAIN. Results Still no change(maybe scale of graph?). residuals have increased:

Copy all the data into the archive files To take a closer look at cl we open it in excel, and plot only the last few points to notice any variation;

Chart Title
2.00E-03 1.50E-03 1.00E-03 5.00E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -5.00E-04 -1.00E-03 -1.50E-03 -2.00E-03 -2.50E-03 -3.00E-03

5.00E+01

1.00E+02

1.50E+02

2.00E+02

2.50E+02

3.00E+02

3.50E+02

Although the average does seem to be zero, but the amplitude is too small, being in the thousandths.

Oooh volume rendering

Addendum
Notes
Always refresh before updating If you start a setup then go back and change mesh or geometry, reset the setup for your own sake. Parameterize inlet velocity Ctrl+c aborts simulation, doesnt copy. 9 data export outlets, be helpful to be specific on what is expected, I guess; Show vorticities (NOT vortices!(not ?)) Cl and cd in excel plotted as sinusoidal plots Cl and cd smaller in 3d From my notes; Vorticity Static pressure Streamlines Velocity vectors and magnitude Number of iterations? Strouhal number and shedding frequency in resultsplots Could not read-in the steady file into the transient simulation, dont know how to use a case, data or solution file to initialize another solution. Compare runtimes? Crashed and lost even exported case, data and solution files, in addition to cl and cd history. Hence the fallout shelter. There has to be a logical explanation to why fluent calculates faster when you move the mouse, does windows allocate more processing power? Or fluent refreshes more quickly? The whole multiprocessing vs ding only one thing? Unless you dont move the mouse it becomes a background task with minimalized resources. THROUGH TASK MANAGER?! Worth enabling dynamic mesh like I enabled hybrid initialization? And smoothed my mesh later on My mesh has a third of the element/node numbers the others student have6000 vs 18000. Which is why mine is not so smooth. How to max processing power in fluent Contrary to what some student claimed, cl and cd monitors are lift and drag coefficients, and not forces, as proven by the official ansys help file reached by clicking the help button in the monitors page Turns out I used re30 velocity for re100 It seems adaptive time step automatically increases the time step size to 10 fold within a few iterations. Maybe big time steps cause aliasing, such as my bogus transient Re 100. Changing Re with D is another option, but either domain has to fit the biggest D or you keep increasing. Also need to remesh. But at least you can fix your time step. It would be very helpful to have a table of contours at different Res to have more confidence in our results and troubleshoot our mistakes easier, instead of drowning in uncertainty. WHAT SHOULD WE LOOK FOR IN RE>50???? The wake is not alternating?! It seems that even for the steady solution, cl and cd, and ence the rest of the values, do not stabilize like in low Re. and hence perhaps autosaving them would allow us to make videos and see the flow develop as well. From steady Re 4500

 Before it crashed a second time, seemed like its going to restart, but it did so without resetting windows, although it reset all the other applications (word and chrome) Its possible to save all quantities in final solution data export and it wont matter much size wise. Automatic export may matter when time and size wise if all data quantities were saved. Its also easier to select the data later from a shorter list. Learn how to animate unlike parrots. Perhaps even animate autosaves from steady state. Also that program to convert ppms, then you can copy directly. And save faster perhaps. Unify my instruction lingo, (, ) For 3D, use symmetry in geometry, mesh, setup or all of them? After converting the pictures to jpg we can delete them, as ppm holds no extra data than any normal picture. Jpeg conversion using XnConvert is fast and unlimited. For giftedmotion 70 frames load, 90 dont. using them will create animations faster, smoother and of smaller size, and I think obstruct the calculation less, as saving images should be easier than saving physical quantities of all the nodes in a model. HOWEVER, it results in error frames throughout the capturing process. For each result, mention how many iterations before you stopped it. USING VARIABLE TIME STEPPING METHOD WILL MESS UP THE SIMULATION LATER ON, LIKE MY VIDEO I GUESS. But it shows the calculation intensity I guess. Explain how to get good vorticies contours using the scale. Streamline too. Desclaimer, my findings are a work in progress, many times I prove myself wrong, and my explenations come from my project and may be proven wrong when applied universally to other projects. It keeps going back and forth because in steady time=iterations, but in transient no, time goes back to zero. Case data and other and all file extensions. Closing fluent after intensive calculations causes the screen to blink. How to initialize using data of other simulations

Put the computer to sleep by mistake, fluent resumes when I turned it back on, meaning battery finishing is not as problem, as long as it sleeps properly.

 When I unlock a project that crashed, I click ok, because the saved data is usually very old, or that was my experience, and just continuing to run would work. Third time however, I lost everything below the geometry. Running cave story in DOS caused fluent to crash, dont push your luck with movies, music, word and chrome. Updating directly will cause you many loading and importing problems. Refresh first then update. If refreshing doesnt work, reset the last unrefreshable file. And if that doesnt work, work from your last duplicate, which you should be doing everytim fore this sake, at least everytime you have to exist fluent. Have special part in report about extra stuff I tried or discovered, like mesh swapping. Vector plot 3d and skip. Upload all animations to google drive with permanent links and names and hyper link them. Also some notes should be just footnoted perhaps? If they dont fit a grand theme dedicated at the end. Velocity magnitude in 3D as a saved result isnt usable to produce a streamline or a vector plot (and stream function isnt available in 3D)

Results
VECTOR PLOT OF VELOCITY not contour Plot in excel as a line not vs.

Files in the DVD

The folder simulation files contains folders named to reflect the variables of the simulation. For example 2D steady Re 4500 2nd. 2nd means the momentum and density were both computed in second order in fluent setups solution method menu. Each simulation folder contains the following: Case file. (the file name starts with case) Data file. (the file name starts with data) Solution file (with its own case file, file name of them both starts with solution) Coefficient of lift convergence history for every iteration. Coefficient of drag convergence history for every iteration. The four quantities transient named every time step The four quantities steady later only unnamed every iteration

See it; Image viewer(view .ppm animation sequence images) XnConvert; image batch converter (convert ppms to jpeg) Giftedmotion; create animated gif images from static jpeg images. Limited in max amount of frames.