TABLE I.

M2M APPLICATIONS Category Home Vehicular e-Health Telemetry Fleet Tracking Finance Maintenance Security Example Application Heating control, Lighting control, Remote media control Navigation, Road safety, Traffic control Remote monitoring, Remote diagnostics Smart metering, Parking metering, Vending machines Hire car monitoring, Goods vehicle management Asset tracking, cargo tracking, order tracking Point of sale terminals, ticketing Industrial machines, elevator monitoring Public surveillance, personal security

Table 5 M2M application domains [1] [1] Machine-to-Machine Communications: Architectures, Standards and Applications

Min Chen12, Jiafu Wan3 and Fang Li3 [2] Random Access for Machine-to-Machine Communication in LTE-Advanced Networks: Issues and Approaches Monowar Hasan and Ekram Hossain, University of Manitoba Dusit Niyato, Nanyang Technological University [3] Supporting Efficient Machine-to-Machine Communications in the Future Mobile Internet! lun Li, Yanyong Zhang, Kiran Nagaraja and Dipankar Raychaudhuri WINLAB, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, Nl 08901 [4] Cognitive Machine-to-Machine Communications: Visions and Potentials for the Smart Grid Yan Zhang, Simula Research Laboratory and University of Oslo, Norway Rong Yu, Guangdong University of Technology, China Maziar Nekovee, BT Research and Technology, UK Yi Liu, Shengli Xie, Guangdong University of Technology, China Stein Gjessing, Simula Research Laboratory and University of Oslo, Norway [5] Latency for real time machine to machine communication in LTE based system architecture Navid and Srdjan [6] Toward Ubiquitous Massive Accesses in 3GPP Machine-to-Machine Communications, Shao-Yu Lien and Kwang-Cheng Chen, National Taiwan University Yonghua Lin, IBM Research Division [7] Machine-to-Machine Communications for Home Energy Management System in Smart Grid Dusit Niyato, Lu Xiao, and Ping Wang, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

[8] M2M: From Mobile to Embedded Internet Geng Wu, Shilpa Talwar, Kerstin Johnsson, Nageen Himayat, and Kevin D. Johnson, Intel Home based M2M: The main purpose of home networking is media distribution. M2M finds its vast application in house hold devices, that benefit human directly or indirectly. Home networking is currently receiving significant attention as an M2M network. A home network is composed of various smaller home device sub-networks. The general architecture for home based M2M includes M2M devices, M2M gateway and the core network. Other home based M2M architectures are presented in [2][3][4][5[6]. An M2M device has to be a communication enabled module associated with some house hold machine that gathers its data and transfer it to M2M gateway. This transferring of data bits is soft coded to periodic or requested by the network. M2M gateway purpose is to aggregate data received from multiple M2M devices and forward it to the place where it is meaningful. These places could be isolated from each other. An M2M device associated with refrigerator connect to some super market to order the grocery items to fill up space inside refrigerator. An Mp3 player connect to gateway via Bluetooth and then through WLAN to download requested songs.[1] Other M2M devices that are also a part of home based M2M are smoke sensors, window shutter, set top box, routers, security camera, motion sensor, power plug relay, and temperature control. Smart grid is one of the promising aspects of Home M2M. It is categorized into three major parts power generation, power distribution and power consumption.[7]Power generation: deals with the production of power at generating station keeping in view the specific demands of the consumer. Power distribution : It is all about the distribution of power keeping the losses as minimum as possible. Power consumption: Power consumption is at the consumer side and employs smart meters.

Simplest M2M architecture for Smart Grid Application. Vehicular M2M: Although Vehicular M2M can exist in wide range of forms but here we are suggesting our own application and that is to provide a signal free path to an ambulance. This application requires an

M2M device associated with an ambulance that will be communicating with all other devices associated with traffic signals on its way to hospital and emergency site and reporting its exact position to a centralized server located within hospitals. The system can be made more efficient by integrating it with body sensors attached to the body of patient so that all the treatment required to the patient can be arranged beforehand. The underlying technology suggested for this system includes a zigbee communication devices for the M2M communication between ambulances and traffic signals, and usage of Wimax technology for communication between hospitals and mobile ambulances as well as traffic signals. Many vehicular M2M applications require a combination of short-range low-power low- throughput wireless access (e.g., Zigbee) for sensing processes and local connectivity within the vehicle, and long-range low-latency high- throughput wireless access such as 3G/4G for reporting functions and Internet access for media content services.[8] E Health M2M: In a typical patient remote monitoring application, a patient is staying at home with medical body sensors that continuously monitor the body conditions and transmit the collected data to a medical instrument. Meanwhile, the collected data is also transmitted to a flexible gateway, which is connected to a hospital server through the Internet [9]. In this situation, the doctor in the hospital can remotely monitor the patients health condition on a real-time basis. To ensure the persistent pervasive monitoring, sensor nodes should oper- ate in a low-power mode to prolong the lifetime of the net- work. To fulfill end-to-end transmissions, eHealthcare applications usually involve interconnection of hybrid net- works and they may transmit heterogeneous traffics in a green manner. In addition, body area networks could be extended to transmit voice and pictures or video of body areas. It is envi- sioned that CM2M will be very important to tackle scarce radio resources, network heterogeneity, and green issues.[4] [9] K. Yang, J. Zhang, and H. Chen, A Flexible QoS-Aware Service Gateway for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, IEEE Network , vol. 21, no. 2, Mar./Apr. 2007, pp. 612.