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Parametric
The term parametric essentially means that MCAD software uses parameters. The most significant of these parameters are dimensions, and in MCAD software, dimensions drive the geometry , as opposed to the geometry driving the dimensions, which is the case in 2D and traditional 3D solid modellers. Therefore when you change a dimension value, this causes the model size to change. In addition, the relations or constraints used to create the features of a part are also captured in the model.
Features
A feature is the basic unit of a parametric solid model. Just as an assembly is made up of individual parts, a part file is made up of individual elements called features. Each feature has intelligent properties that define it. When a feature is created, the geometric constraints and
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dimensions that apply to it are specified. The modeller stores these properties and uses them to generate the feature. Examples of these basic building blocks called features are bosses, holes, ribs, cuts, fillets, and chamfers. New features are dependent on existing features in such a manner that design changes are captured automatically. In essence, feature-based modelling captures the designer's intent. If an element of the feature, or a related part of the model, changes, the modelling software re-generates that feature in accordance with the defining properties assigned to it. For example, an edge that is defined to be tangent to an arc will move to preserve the tangency constraint if the size of the arc is changed. Features can be classified into two main types, namely sketched features and applied or placed features.
Sketched Features
A sketched feature requires a 2-D sketch that is then transformed into a feature in one of four main ways. These part modelling methods are extrude, revolve, sweep and loft.
Applied features
Applied features are applied directly to the model and do not require a sketch. F illets, chamfers, draft and shell are examples of these features.
Solid Modelling
A solid model completely and unambiguously represents the geometry and topology of a part. In addition to the information contained in surface models, solid models contain volume information. This means that a solid model can provide such information as the mass properties of a part and interference checking between parts in an assembly.
Associativity
3D modelling software can automatically update related parts of the model when design changes are made and there is full bi-directional associativity between parts, assemblies and drawings. This means that your drawings are always correct as they are based on the parts and assembly models and changes to a drawing transfer back to parts and assemblies.
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Parametric modellers have a rollback feature that shows the sequence in which the model was created. This is an invaluable tool for learning modelling strategies from existing models and is also very useful for assessing student work Not alone is the modelling sequence captured in a parametric system but modelling errors are highlighted for the user. With 2D systems there is no error checking. 3D conveys a superior sense of what an artefact will look like. Form and shape and overall model proportions are more easily understood and defined in 3D. In essence, 3D systems provide better design visualization. 3D systems better capture design intent. This essentially relates to how the model should behave when design changes are made. 3D systems provide automated drawing production. Within industry, 3D systems provide better integration with downstream applications and reduced engineering cycle time. The accuracy and completeness of the design definition in the CAD database make the models suitable for use in analysis and for transfer to rapid prototyping and manufacturing machinery.
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Unive rsity of Lim e rick De partm e nt of Manufacturing and O pe rations Engine e ring
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