ADVERBS-ZARFLAR You should already be familiar with the following grammati al rule!

Ad"e ti#es des ribe nouns $a thing or %erson&! 'a ( built a beautiful) small ottage $ad"e ti#e * noun& Ad#erbs des ribe #erbs $how something is done or ha%%ens&! 'a ( built his ottage arefully+ $#erb * noun * ad#erb&

,& -e an turn ad"e ti#es into ad#erbs by adding -ly onto the end of a word+ So! - regular $ad"e ti#e& be omes regularly $ad#erb& .e is a regular dri#er to town+ ar regularly to town+

.e dro#e the

ner#ous $ad"e ti#e& be omes ner#ously $ad#erb& .e ga#e a nervous answer+

.e answered nervously+ /hey

%assionate $ad"e ti#e& be omes %assionately $ad#erb& /hey were passionate in their beliefs+ belie#ed passionately+

Remember! words ending in -y hange to -ily and words ending in -le hange to -ly+

.a%%ily Angry Angrily 0oody 0oodily

.a%%y

-hen we turn adjectives ending in le into adverbs ending in ly, noti e how the spelling hanges+ -e take off the e and re%la e it with -y:

.orribly /errible /erribly Sim%le Sim%ly

.orrible

1& Sometimes adverbs are not deri#ed from adjective and the e2ui#alent adverb does not end in -ly+ good $ad"e ti#e& be omes well $ad#erb& 3 not goodly /erry is a good oo(.

/erry

oo(s well.

Some ad#erbs don4t end in 3ly+ /hese in lude ad#erbs of fre2uen y+ /hese ad#erbs tell us how often something is done or ha%%ens and in lude ad#erbs su h as! sometimes) never) often) and always+ 5nli(e ad#erbs ending in 3ly $where the ad#erb usually omes after the main #erb&) ad#erbs of fre2uen y usually ome before the main #erb) e6 e%t the main #erb 7to be8!

.e always %lays ri (et on Sunday+ Vegetarians never eat meat+ 9t4s sometimes alright to as( him+

: asionally) ad#erbs of fre2uen y an ome at the end of a senten e!

9 see them often.

or at the beginning of a senten e!

Sometimes 9 go and wat h ri (et+

;& /here are some words that are both ad"e ti#es and ad#erbs+ /hey stay the same+ Some ommon ones are! hard) fast) early and late+

<leasing him is hard+ .e had a late return that night+ .e returned late that
.e is a hard %erson to %lease. night+ 9t was a fast ar+

/he

ar was tra#elling fast+

9t was early when he set off+

.e set off early.

=& /here are some ad"e ti#es that end in 3ly+ .ere are some ommon e6am%les!

a daily %a%er an early night an elderly woman a friendly fa e a likely story a lovely day

/his an be ome onfusing) but remember that an adjective des ribes a noun and always goes before the noun+ All the words abo#e des ribe a noun) so they are ad"e ti#es+ >& Sometimes adjectives that be ome adverbs are the same) and often the adverbs ha#e two forms with different meanings+ Some ommon ones are! hard?hardly) late?lately and ool? oolly

9t was a hard $ad"& e6am+ $9t was a diffi ult e6am and re2uire ma6imum effort& /hey were hard $ad#& at wor(+ $/hey wor(ed with great effort&

.ere the meaning of the ad"e ti#e and the ad#erb are #ery similar+ .owe#er if we loo( at the ad#erb form that ends in -ly the meaning is #ery different+

.e hardly %ut any effort into it $.e %ut #ery little effort into it&

.ardly is negati#e in meaning+ @oti e how these two e6am%les ha#e an o%%osite meaning) e#en though both words $hard?hardly& loo( almost the same+ 0an hester 5nited s ored a late goal+ $after the e6%e ted time& .e4s often late to lass+ $he doesn4t get to lass on time&+ ately) she has been wor(ing mornings only+ $re ently) in the #ery near %ast&+ Late means not on time+ 9t refers to a time after that whi h something should ha#e arri#ed or o urred+ But lately refers to an a tion or e#ent that has ha%%ened re ently+ 9t was a cool breeAe+ $of a ool tem%erature& /he on ert was cool+ $good) en"oyable& .e coolly re%lied to the 2uestion $.e re%lied in a alm manner& -hen we say ool) we are either referring to tem%erature or gi#ing our o%inion+ But) oolly refers to a %erson4s manner+ Rea ting oolly) is the same as rea ting almly+ B& -e will often use ad#erbs with ad"e ti#es together and ad#erbs with ad#erbs!

!ncredibly effe ti#e $ad#erb * ad"e ti#e& "aintly interesting $ad#erb * ad"e ti#e& #nbelievably slowly $ad#erb * ad#erb& $%tremely 2uietly $ad#erb * ad#erb& .e mo#ed unbelievably slowly u% the stairs+ 9t was an incredibly effe ti#e way of doing it+ /he tal( was faintly interesting+ .e s%o(e e%tremely 2uietly to the little girl+