Subject: Research Method for EE Name: Gemson A.

Sales Topic: Energy loss minimization in RDF using MAPSO method considering harmonic After reading this article entitled Energy loss minimization in RDF using MAPSO method considering harmonics. What I have understand in this article is that it presents a new techniques for capacitor placement in RDF (radial distribution feeders), in order to reduce the real power loss, to improve the voltage profile and to achieve economical saving by using a set of rules given by the fuzzy expert system. The most transmission lines now a days used high-voltage three-phase alternating current where the electricity is transmitted at the high voltage to reduce the energy lost in long-distance transmission thats why they increased the amount of the voltage in transmission lines so that the wire to be use is small enough to carry the current to be able to reduce the losses in the electrical distribution system. In the Radial Distribution Feeder (RDF) capacitor are installed at suitable locations for the improvement of voltage and to reduce the energy from distribution system it indicates that estimated value to reduce up to 13 percent of the total power of generation is dissipated as the losses in the distribution systems and also improved the power flow control, power factor corrections and the reduction in the active energy losses. In this article the main idea for this study is all about in reducing the power loss in the distribution system and the economical saving. The most distribution system is designed to be radial distribution system because in the radial distribution system there are only one path is connected between each for example customer and substations. The electrical power flows from the substation to the customer along single path if interrupted, results in complete loss of power to the customer. In this type of distribution system the advantages of this are its initial cost is minimum and it simple in planning, design and operation. The disadvantages of this distribution system are low realiability factor, Distributor nearer to the feeding end is heavily loaded and the consumer at he far end of the feeder would be subjected to series voltage fluctuation with the variation in the load.this article used three type of technique one of this technique is the Particle Swarm Optimazation (PSO) is a mathematical compution that optimize problem this technique also used for economic dispatch problem. Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimazation (HPSO) was integrated with harmonic power flow algorithms to minimize the overall cost of the power loss. Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimazation (MAPSO) is used to solve the capacitor sizing problem with harmonic for constaant load. This article also says that the capacitor sizing are designed the objective fuction, which minimize the power loos the feeders. By using the various method such as Particle Swarm Optimization ( PSO), Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) and Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimization (MAPSO) the comparative results of average power loss and average voltage profile before and after capacitor placement with the harmonics consideration. The energy ``loss is more reduced by a factor of 26.64 percent with the harmonics consideration also maximum annual saving is achieved with Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimazition.Fuzzy Expert System (FES) is used to determine the nodes for capacitor allocation by finding a compromise between the loss reduction of voltage level improvement.this kind of system used to the capacitor placement which contain of the set of rules, this rules may be fired with some degree interferencing. The Multi-Agent System (MAS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are combination to form Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimization (MAPSO) method this method is used to capacitor sizing in order to obtain optimal solution quickly each agent Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimazation (MAPSO) can realize the purpose of optimizing the value of objective function. I agreed that by using MAPSO (Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimization) method the problem of energy losses in the tramission of power wil minimizes because it will considering the harmonics and will attain a good capacitor placement and the sizing in the distribution system. Optimal size of the capacitor is obatained by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) and Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimization (MAPSO) for the bus network MAPSO was observed to give better result than PSO and HPSO with harmonic consideration. Considering the maximum saving in cost the MAPSO method is found to give a better performance than all other methods from the economical point of view. Where PSO also has unique merits like improved voltage profile simulation results proved the advantage of MAPSO approach over other methods for capacitor sizing in the distributio system. The identification of the weak buses, where the capacitors should be placed is decided by a set of rules given by the fuzzy expert system. Power loss index and node voltage are used as inputs to the fuzzy expert system and the output is sensitivity index which gives the weak buses in the system where the capacitor to be

placed. The sizing of the capacitors is modeled by an objective function to obtain maximum savings using Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimization (MAPSO).To illustrate the applicability of the above algorithms, simulation is performed on an existing bus distribution feeders. The results of the proposed approaches are compared with PSO and HPSO techniques. In the problem formulation and implementation the entire system of the approach to solve the optimal capacitor allocation problem includes the use of numerical procedures,coupled to the Fuzzy Expert System (FES). A load flow programs is used to calculate the the power loss reduction by compensating the total reactive load current at every node of the distribution system. What I have learn by using Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimization (MAPSO) the loss reductions are then linearly normalized into th range with the largest loss reduction having a value of one and the smallest one having a value of zero.when the power loss reduction indicates at various nodes along with the per unit node voltages are the inputs to Fuzzy Expert System (FES), which determines the suitable node for capacitor installation by fuzzy interfecing method. In the harmonic load flow they use the Newton-Raphson method is an iterative methdaod which appproximates the set of linear simulations using Taylor series expansion and the terms are limeted to first approximation. The Taylor series expnsion is representation of function as an infinite sum of terms that calculated from the values of the function deravatives at single point. In the present of harmonics lines are represented by a series impedance bus data and line data are given as inputs to the load flow program by Newton-Raphson method this method is a methodfor finding successively better approximations to roots of real value function. From this types of method use in approximation of value the advantage of this two method is the Newton-Raphson method but the Taylor series have unique features is mainly used approximating the value function. The load flow solution gives power loss and voltage level each bus which is taken for further analysis. The purpose of Multi Agent Particle Swarm Optimization was to measured the capacitor sizing problem with the harmonic for the constant load. The sizing of the capacitor is modeled by an objective function to obtain maximum saving. To illustrate the applicability of the above algorithms and the simulation is performed on the existing bus distribution feeders. From what I understand this method use to verify the effectiveness of the bus carried out on the distribution system and the specification of the main feeder.