Honors Chemistry

Name: Christopher Pang Period 5 Date ______/______/______

U n i t 3 : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s

Single Replacement Reactions Lab

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal, which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction Data collected after the reaction when metals are placed in the wells. Copper Sulfate Silver Nitrate Zinc Sulfate Magnesium Nitrate Copper No reaction Furry, silver No reaction No reaction color. Copper ions in water, turned it blue Lead No reaction Reacted, furry, No reaction No reaction luster, silver, precipitate Zinc Turned black Furry, shiny, No reaction No reaction silver, precipitate Magnesium Blackened and Liquid turned Blackened a bit No reaction left it with black black, lots of precipitate precipitate Silver No reaction No reaction No reaction No reaction Part II: Reactions with Acids Materials: Metals: Solution: Copper Magnesium Hydrochloric Acid Zinc Silver Lead Calcium

Discussion Questions 1. From Part I: Which of the metals gave (a) Four reactions: Silver Nitrate (d) One reactions: Copper, Lead, Zinc Sulfate (b) Three reactions: Magnesium (e) No reaction (c) Two reactions: Copper sulfate, Zinc Magnesium Nitrate, Silver Use the answers from above to list the five metals in order of decreasing reactivity. 1. Silver Nitrate 2. Magnesium 3. Copper Sulfate, Zinc 4. Cooper, Lead, Zinc Sulfate 5. Magnesium Nitrate, Silver You can determine the amount of reactions that occurred by examining the table above. 2. From Part II: Describe the order of metals from those that bubble most to those that bubble least, or not at all. List the five metals in decreasing order of reactivity. Place hydrogen into the list. 3. Compare the order of reactivity of metals from Part II with all of the metals in Part I and describe any relationships you can discover. Create a final list of reactivity in order of decreasing reactivity. 4. From Part III: place calcium in your list of reactivity. 5. Compare this order with that of the reactivity series from your notes. Outline similarities and differences. Suggest several reasons for what might explain any differences. 6. Write net ionic equations for all the reactions that occurred (highlighting the ones that were supposed to occur that you may not have observed)

7. For each of the reactions, determine which substances has been oxidized and which one has been reduced as well as which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent. 2Ag+ (aq)+Cu(s) -> Ag(s)+Cu2+(aq) Oxidized: Cu (s) Reduced: Ag+(aq) Cu2+ (aq)+Pb(s)-> Cu(s)+Pb2+(aq) Oxidized: Pb (s) Reduced: Cu2+(aq) 2Ag+ (aq)+Pb(s) -> 2Ag(s)+Pb2+ (aq) Oxidized: Pb(s) Reduced: Ag+(aq) Cu2+ (aq)+Zn(s) -> Cu(s)+Zn2+ (aq) Oxidized: Zn (s) Reduced: Cu2+(aq) 2Ag+ (aq)+Zn(s) -> 2Ag(s)+Zn2+ (aq) Oxidized: Zn (s) Reduced: Ag+(aq) Pb2+ (aq)+Zn(s) -> Pb(s)+Zn2+ (aq) Oxidized: Zn (s) Reduced: Pb2+(aq) Cu2+ (aq)+Mg(s) -> Cu(s)+Mg2+ (aq) Oxidized: Mg(s) Reduced: Cu2+(aq) 2Ag+ (aq)+Mg(s) -> 2Ag(s)+Mg2+ (aq) Oxidized: Mg (s) Reduced: Ag+(aq) Zn2+(aq) +Mgv -> Zn(s)+Mg2+ (aq) Oxidized: Mg(s) Reduced: Zn2+(aq) Cu2+ (aq)+Ca(s) -> Cu(s)+Ca2+ (aq) Oxidized: Ca(s) Reduced: Cu2+(aq) 2Ag+ (aq)+Ca(s) -> 2Ag(s)+Ca2+(s) Oxidized: Ca(s) Reduced: Ag+(aq) Pb2+ (aq)+Ca(s) -> Pb(s)+Ca2+(aq) Oxidized: Ca(s) Reduced: Pb2+ (aq) Oxidized: Mg(s) Reduced: 2H(aq)+ 2H+(aq)+Zn(s) -> 2H(s)+Zn2+ (aq) Oxidized: Zn(s) Reduced: 2H+(aq) 2H+ (aq)+Pb(s) -> 2H(s)+Pb2+ (aq) Oxidized: Pb(s) Reduced: 2H+(aq)

8. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal? To test the identity of the metal, you can put the metal into water. This will help classify the metal based on the reactions that's about to be conducted. If the metal reacts violently, it is calcium because of its more reactive than magnesium. If it barely reacts, it is magnesium because magnesium does not react with a lot of chemicals.

Conclusion: A statement about the activity series you discovered. In this activity series, I had a great amount of practice on single replacements. I also got a better understanding of the purpose of the pink sheet. I understand how to use it now and what kinds of metals are less reactive than the others. Overall, I really enjoyed this activity because it enhanced my understanding when solving for single replacements.