SOCIOLOGY

PAPER - I
FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY

1. Sociology - The Discipline:

(a) Modernity and social chan es in E!ro"e and e#er ence o$ sociolo y% (&) Sco"e o$ the s!&'ect and co#"arison (ith other social sciences% (c) Sociolo y and co##on sense%

2. Sociology as Science:
(a) Science) scienti$ic #ethod and criti*!e% (&) Ma'or theoretical strands o$ research #ethodolo y% (c) +ositi,is# and its criti*!e% (d) Fact ,al!e and o&'ecti,ity% (e) Non- "ositi,ist #ethodolo ies%

. Resea!ch "e#ho$s an$ Analysis:

(a) .!alitati,e and *!antitati,e #ethods% (&) Techni*!es o$ data collection% (c) /aria&les) sa#"lin ) hy"othesis) relia&ility and ,alidity%

%. Sociological Thin&e!s:
(a) 0arl Mar1- 2istorical #aterialis#) #ode o$ "rod!ction) alienation) class str! (&) E#ile D!r3hei#- Di,ision o$ la&o!r) social $act) s!icide) reli ion and society% (c) Ma1 4e&er- Social action) ideal ty"es) a!thority) &!rea!cracy) "rotestant ethic and the s"irit o$ ca"italis#% (d) Talcolt +arsons- Social syste#) "attern ,aria&les% (e) 5o&ert 0% Merton- Latent and #ani$est $!nctions) con$or#ity and de,iance) re$erence ro!"s% ($) Mead - Sel$ and identity% le%

'. S#!a#i(ica#ion an$ "o)ili#y:

(a) Conce"ts- e*!ality) ine*!ality) hierarchy) e1cl!sion) "o,erty and de"ri,ation% (&) Theories o$ social strati$ication- Str!ct!ral $!nctionalist theory) Mar1ist theory) 4e&erian theory% (c) Di#ensions 6 Social strati$ication o$ class) stat!s ro!"s) ender) ethnicity and race% (d) Social #o&ility- o"en and closed syste#s) ty"es o$ #o&ility) so!rces and ca!ses o$ #o&ility%

*. +o!&s an$ Econo,ic Li(e:

(a) Social or ani7ation o$ (or3 in di$$erent ty"es o$ society- sla,e society) $e!dal society) ind!strial 8ca"italist society% (&) For#al and in$or#al or ani7ation o$ (or3% (c) La&o!r and society%

-. Poli#ics an$ Socie#y:

(a) Sociolo ical theories o$ "o(er% (&) +o(er elite) &!rea!cracy) "ress!re ro!"s) and "olitical "arties% (c) Nation) state) citi7enshi") de#ocracy) ci,il society) ideolo y% (d) +rotest) a itation) social #o,e#ents) collecti,e action) re,ol!tion%

.. Religion an$ Socie#y:

(a) Sociolo ical theories o$ reli ion% (&) Ty"es o$ reli io!s "ractices9 ani#is#) #onis#) "l!ralis#) sects) c!lts% (c) 5eli ion in #odern society9 reli ion and science) sec!lari7ation) reli io!s re,i,alis#) $!nda#entalis#%

/. Sys#e,s o( 0inship:
(a) Fa#ily) ho!sehold) #arria e% (&) Ty"es and $or#s o$ $a#ily% (c) Linea e and descent% (d) +atriarchy and se1!al di,ision o$ la&o!r% (e) Conte#"orary trends%

11. Social Change in "o$e!n Socie#y:

(a) Sociolo ical theories o$ social chan e% (&) De,elo"#ent and de"endency% (c) A ents o$ social chan e% (d) Ed!cation and social chan e% (e) Science) technolo y and social chan e%

+A+E5 - II INDIAN SOCIETY 9 ST5UCTU5E AND C2ANGE

A. In#!o$2cing In$ian Socie#y9

3i4 Pe!spec#i5es on #he s#2$y o( In$ian socie#y: (a) Indolo y (GS% Gh!rye)% (&) Str!ct!ral $!nctionalis# (M N Srini,as)% (c) Mar1ist sociolo y (A 5 Desai)% 3ii4 I,pac# o( colonial !2le on In$ian socie#y : (a) Social &ac3 ro!nd o$ Indian nationalis#% (&) Moderni7ation o$ Indian tradition% (c) +rotests and #o,e#ents d!rin the colonial "eriod% (d) Social re$or#s%

6. Social S#!2c#2!e9
3i4 R2!al an$ Ag!a!ian Social S#!2c#2!e: (a) The idea o$ Indian ,illa e and ,illa e st!dies% (&) A rarian social str!ct!re - e,ol!tion o$ land ten!re syste#) land re$or#s% (ii4 Cas#e Sys#e,: (a) +ers"ecti,es on the st!dy o$ caste syste#s9 GS Gh!rye) M N Srini,as) Lo!is D!#ont) Andre :eteille% (&) Feat!res o$ caste syste#% (c) Unto!cha&ility - $or#s and "ers"ecti,es% 3iii4 T!i)al co,,2ni#ies in In$ia: (a) De$initional "ro&le#s% (&) Geo ra"hical s"read% (c) Colonial "olicies and tri&es% (d) Iss!es o$ inte ration and a!tono#y% 3i54 Social Classes in In$ia: (a) A rarian class str!ct!re% (&) Ind!strial class str!ct!re% (c) Middle classes in India%

354 Sys#e,s o( 0inship in In$ia: (a) Linea e and descent in India% (&) Ty"es o$ 3inshi" syste#s% (c) Fa#ily and #arria e in India% (d) 2o!sehold di#ensions o$ the $a#ily% (e) +atriarchy) entitle#ents and se1!al di,ision o$ la&o!r% 35i4 Religion an$ Socie#y9 (a) 5eli io!s co##!nities in India% (&) +ro&le#s o$ reli io!s #inorities%

C. Social Changes in In$ia:

3i4 7isions o( Social Change in In$ia: (a) Idea o$ de,elo"#ent "lannin and #i1ed econo#y% (&) Constit!tion) la( and social chan e% (c) Ed!cation and social chan e% 3ii4 R2!al an$ Ag!a!ian #!ans(o!,a#ion in In$ia: (a) +ro ra##es o$ r!ral de,elo"#ent) Co##!nity De,elo"#ent +ro ra##e) coo"erati,es) "o,erty alle,iation sche#es% (&) Green re,ol!tion and social chan e% (c) Chan in #odes o$ "rod!ction in Indian a ric!lt!re % (d) +ro&le#s o$ r!ral la&o!r) &onda e) #i ration% 3iii4 In$2s#!iali8a#ion an$ 9!)anisa#ion in In$ia: (a) E,ol!tion o$ #odern ind!stry in India% (&) Gro(th o$ !r&an settle#ents in India% (c) 4or3in class9 str!ct!re) ro(th) class #o&ili7ation% (d) In$or#al sector) child la&o!r% (e) Sl!#s and de"ri,ation in !r&an areas% 3i54 Poli#ics an$ Socie#y: (a) Nation) de#ocracy and citi7enshi"% (&) +olitical "arties) "ress!re ro!"s) social and "olitical elite%

(c) 5e ionalis# and decentrali7ation o$ "o(er% (d) Sec!lari7ation%

354 Social "o5e,en#s in "o$e!n In$ia: (a) +easants and $ar#ers #o,e#ents% (&) 4o#en;s #o,e#ent% (c) :ac3(ard classes < Dalit #o,e#ent% (d) En,iron#ental #o,e#ents% (e) Ethnicity and Identity #o,e#ents% 35i4 Pop2la#ion Dyna,ics: (a) +o"!lation si7e) ro(th) co#"osition and distri&!tion% (&) Co#"onents o$ "o"!lation ro(th9 &irth) death) #i ration% (c) +o"!lation "olicy and $a#ily "lannin % (d) E#er in iss!es9 a ein ) se1 ratios) child and in$ant #ortality) re"rod!cti,e health% 35ii4 Challenges o( Social T!ans(o!,a#ion: (a) Crisis o$ de,elo"#ent9 dis"lace#ent) en,iron#ental "ro&le#s and s!staina&ility% (&) +o,erty) de"ri,ation and ine*!alities% (c) /iolence a ainst (o#en% (d) Caste con$licts% (e) Ethnic con$licts) co##!nalis#) reli io!s re,i,alis#% ($) Illiteracy and dis"arities in ed!cation%