FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY (ECW 512)

TITLE: AIR PARTICLE

PREPARED BY: AZLINA BINTI MD YUSOF (2009487328) NURAISYAH BINTI MOHD DOM (2009688402) NORHAZARITA BINTI SEMAN (2009476964) SYARIFUL AKMAL BIN ABDUL RAHIM (2009259788)

PREPARED FOR: MRS AZINOOR AZIDA ABU BAKAR

GROUP: ECB 7G2 DATE: 31 MARCH 2011

INTRODUCTION Particulates in the air vary from location to location within the area. Air particles are tiny subdivisions of solid matter suspended in a gas or liquid. In contrast, aerosol refers to particles and liquid droplets and the gas together. Sources of particulate matter can be manmade or natural. Large amount of air particles in the environment is the main cause of air pollution which can bring various implications such as health problem and reduce visibility. The air we breathe has a lot do with our health. As we breathe in fresh air, our lungs absorb oxygen from the air and pass it into our blood stream so it can be transported throughout our bodies. Oxygen is important for our whole body to have the energy it needs to survive. It is important for all of us to have clean air to breath. People living in industrial areas are more likely to develop asthma. People who smoke are more likely to suffer from lung disease. You may have seen an example of the lungs from a smoker which is small, black and unhealthy looking. Years and years of breathing particles of tar and smoke can cause the lung tissue to develop cancer, and can even cause death. Breathing clean air is important for keeping your lungs nice and healthy. Tiny particles of dust and soot in the air can enter your lungs when you breathe, and can block the movement of oxygen. Harmful particles can come from pollutants in the air like dust, smog, soot, smoke, and other chemicals. Because of the importance of clean air to our health, most cities keep track of air pollution by issuing smog warnings on days when there is a high level of air pollution.

OBJECTIVE 1. To understand and implement suitable methods to prove the existing of particles in surrounding area. 2. To develop a team exercise where student groups might each understand and write a hypothesis, list the materials used and the number of each item, and a procedure.

APPARATUS i. ii. iii. A4 paper Vaseline Tape

METHODOLOGY 1. 3 sheets of A4 paper greased with Vaseline on one side. 2. Location of case study selected. 3. Each sheet of A4 paper hanged at the selected location. 4. The differences of the surface of the A4 paper being observed after 7 days.

RESULT Refer to the appendices, the pictures between before and after by applied Vaseline on the A4 paper is not much different can be made. The small particles that stick on the vaseline like a hair, dust and tiny little ant. We conducted the air particle for 1 week at each different location inside the house. May be the result for a better existing particle can be made in different location. Experiment conducted at high rise building is one of the factor will effect the result of this test. It is important for all of us to have clean air to breath. So, the level of pollution can be determined by doing this experiment and other measurements.

DISCUSSION 1. What are the contributing factors of particle presence at each site? The contributing factors of particle presence at each site such as a smoke from smoker and an unhygienic environment that is not clean.

2. How would you design this experiment differently the next time? For more accurate reading, the other options may be useful. The other apparatus can be used such as fly paper. The papers have glue that can catch the particles around it. The other option is by choosing the other place. Good locations are at the back yard, a busy street corner, school, a park, a shopping center, a parking lot, etc.

3. What are the possible factors which may influence the result attained? The possible cause that influences the result is the weather and temperature. Rainy day will wash the dust and hot temperature will dry out the grease and reduce the sticky ability. Besides, the equipment used also effect the result. Stickier agent can produce more accurate result.

CONCLUSION For the conclusion, the suitable methods to prove the existing of particles in surrounding area were understood and implemented. The existing of the particles in the air was contributing the air pollution. The best method to identify the existing of the air particle is just like what the laboratory test was done. Besides that, a team exercise was made. The student group was each understood and able to wrote a hypothesis, list the materials used and the number of each item, and a procedure. The hypothesis made is, the more particles in the air at a certain location, the more hazards in the air. This experiment shows that there are a lot of particles in the surrounding area. Therefore, any precaution action should be taken to providing a good breathing air and having a good health.

REFERENCES
1. http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/EnvSci_p009.shtml 2. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/112199/E79097.pdf

SAFETY AND HEALTH 1. The experiment should be done carefully to get the better result. 2. The paper was used must be care so that the particle not less.

APPENDICES

BEFORE

Bedrooms Window

Kitchen

Living Room

After apply Vaseline on A4 paper

AFTER 1 week

Sample 1 in the Bedrooms Window

Sample 2 in the Kitchen

Sample 3 in the Living Room