JCB (formally J C Bamford Excavators Limited) is a British Multinational corporation, with headquarters in Rocester, Staffordshire, engaged in the manufacture

of equipment for construction, demolition and agriculture. It is the world's third-largest construction equipment [4] manufacturer. It produces over 300 types of machines, including diggers (Backhoes), excavators, tractors and diesel engines. It has 18 factories across Asia, Europe, North [2][5] America, and South America; its products are sold in over 150 countries. The firm was founded in 1945 by Joseph Cyril Bamford, after whom it is named, and continues to be owned by the Bamford family. In the UK 'JCB' is often used colloquially as a generic description for mechanical diggers and excavators and now appears in the Oxford English Dictionary, although it is still [6] held as a trademark.
Contents
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1 History

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1.1 20th century 1.2 21st century

2 Operations 3 Products

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3.1 Excavators 3.2 Wheeled loaders 3.3 Tractors 3.4 Military vehicles 3.5 JCB Dieselmax 3.6 JCB Vibromax 3.7 JCB Phones

4 Marketing

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4.1 Logo 4.2 Display team

5 JCB Insurance Services Ltd 6 JCB Academy 7 In popular culture 8 References 9 External links

History[edit]
20th century[edit]

The firm was founded by Joseph Cyril Bamford in October 1945 in Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, England. He rented a lock-up garage 12 feet by 15 feet. In it, using a welding set which he bought second-hand for 1 from English Electric, he made his first vehicle, a tipping trailer from war-surplus materials. The trailer's sides and floor were made from steel sheet that had been part of air-raid shelters. On the same day as his son Anthony was born, he sold the trailer at a nearby market for 45 (plus a part-exchanged farm cart) and at once made another trailer. At one time he made vehicles in Eckersley's coal yard in Uttoxeter. The first trailer and the welding set have been preserved:

JCB's first welding set

The first vehicle JCB made (a farm trailer)

. In 1948, six people were working for the company, and it made the first hydraulic tipping trailer in Europe. In 1950, it moved to an old cheese factory in Rocester, still employing six. A year later, he began painting his products yellow. In 1953, his first backhoe loader was launched, and the JCB logo appeared for the first time. It was designed by Derby Media and advertising designer Leslie Smith. In 1957, the firm launched the "hydra-digga", incorporating the excavator and the major loader as a single all-purpose tool [7] useful for the agricultural and construction industries. In 1960, JCB's hydraulic tractors entered the North American market, proving a long-lasting success. JCB became, and still is, the brand leader in the world. By 1964, JCB had sold over 3,000 3C backhoe [8] loaders. The next year, the first 360-degree excavator was introduced, the JCB 7.

In 1978, the Loadall machine was introduced. The next year, JCB started its operation in India. In 1991, the firm entered a joint venture with Sumitomo of Japan to produce excavators, which ended in [9] 1998. Two years later, a JCB factory was completed in Pooler near Savannah, Georgia in the USA, and the next year a factory was opened in Brazil.

21st century[edit]
Production of the first engine designed and manufactured by JCB, the JCB444 diesel engine, started in [10] 2004. In 2005, for the first time in nearly forty years, JCB bought a company, purchasing the German equipment firm Vibromax. In the same year, the firm opened a new factory in Pudong China . By 2006, the firm had 4000 employees, twice what it had in 1975. Planning of a new 40 million pound JCB Heavy Products site began in 2007, and by the next year, the firm began to move from its old site in Pinfold Street in Uttoxeter to the new site beside the A50; the Pinfold Street site was demolished in 2009. During that year, JCB announced plans to make India its largest manufacturing hub. Its factory atBallabgarh in Haryana, was to become the worlds [12] largest backhoe loader manufacturing facility. The firm shed 2,000 jobs during the recession, but in 2010 it announced it was recruiting up to 200 new [13] workers.
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Operations[edit]

JCB factory and park at Rocester

The Fossor, at the JCB headquarters inRocester

JCB has 18 factories in the UK, Germany, North and South America, India, and China. The company employs some 7,000 people on four continents and sells its products in 150 countries through 1500 [14] dealer depot locations. The company has a range of more than 300 products. The firm is headquartered in Rocester, United Kingdom, which is also the production site for backhoe loaders and telescopic 'Loadall' handlers. It has a further three factories in nearby Cheadle, Staffordshire (JCB Earthmovers, JCB Landpower and JCB Compact Products), one in Rugeley (JCB Cab Systems), three in Uttoxeter (JCB Attachments, JCB Heavy Products and JCB World Parts Centre), one in Foston in Derbyshire (JCB Power Systems) and one in Wrexham in North Wales (JCB Drivetrain Systems). Its Indian factories are based in Ballabgarh (Haryana) and Pune, its US factory is in Pooler, Georgia, its Brazilian factory in Sorocaba, and its Chinese factory was completed in 2005 in Pudong near Shanghai. JCB also owns Vibromax, a German compaction equipment company based in Gatersleben. The company has also licensed its name and image to a line of consumer power tools, manufactured by Alba PLC. The products are sold through franchised dealerships, many of which are often exclusive and cover whole [15] countries.

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Products[edit]
Many of the vehicles produced by JCB are variants of the backhoe loader, including tracked or wheeled variants, mini and large versions and other variations for carrying and moving items, for example fork lift vehicles and telescopic handlers for moving materials to the upper floors of a building site. Wheeled loading shovels and articulated dump trucks are also produced.

Excavators[edit]

Tracked 360 excavators ranging from the JZ70 (7 tonne zero tail swing excavator) to the JS460 (46 tonne tracked excavator). In 2008 at Con expo JCB revealed a new top range JS520 which included the new style paintjob with rams painted black (nadimwilson c). Wheeled 360 excavators ranging from the JS130W to the JS200W. Machines can be produced with either monoboom or a triple articulated boom.

Wheeled loaders[edit]
Industrial and agricultural wheeled loaders from compact 6 tonne hydrostatic machines to larger 25 tonne quarrying machines using a mix of 4 and 6 cylinder diesel engines.

Tractors[edit]

JCB Fastrac 8250 tractor

JCB has also made its name in the tractor world by producing one of the first such machines that features proper suspension and is capable of travelling at speed on roads. The JCB Fastrac entered production in 1990. Prior to this design, the suspension was difficult because of the fixed-height connections required to farm machinery, and tractors were notoriously slow on the roads. Dependent on the model, the Fastrac can travel at 50 km/h, 65 km/h or 75 km/h (40 mph). The machine was featured on the BBC television programmeTomorrow's World. From 2006 the company also produces a range of compact tractors designed for grounds-care, horticultural, and light agricultural duties.

Military vehicles[edit]
JCB also makes a range of military vehicles, which also concentrate on load-handling and [16] excavation. These include the JCB HMEE.

JCB Dieselmax[edit]

JCB Dieselmax on display at the Heritage Motor Centre

Main article: JCB Dieselmax In April 2006, JCB announced that they were developing a Diesel-powered Land Speed Record vehicle known as the 'JCB Dieselmax'. The car is powered by two modified JCB 444 diesel powerplants using a two-stage turbocharger to generate 750 bhp, one engine driving the front wheels and the other the rear wheels. On August 22, 2006 the Dieselmax, driven by Andy Green broke the diesel engine land speed record, attaining a speed of 328.767 mph (529 km/h). The following day, the record was again broken, this time with a speed of 350.092 mph (563.418 km/h).

JCB Vibromax[edit]
JCB acquired the German company Vibromax, which manufactures compaction equipment.

JCB Phones[edit]
JCB licenses its brand for a series of rugged feature phones and smartphones targeted at construction [17] personnel. The design and marketing contract was awarded to Data Select in 2010.

Marketing[edit]
Logo[edit]
The JCB logo dates from 1953; from 1960 the company typewriters were given an extra key to render it accurately. The company has mainly advertised in the trade publications and their advertisements have won many awards, particularly for photography. The logo was designed by Leslie Smith, and is off-set at 18 degrees from the horizontal and 22 degrees from the vertical - the angles Joe Bamford liked.

Display team[edit]
To demonstrate his faith in the hydraulic failsafes on JCB machines (which lock the arms in the event of a loss of hydraulic pressure, preventing them from crashing to the ground), Joe Cyril Bamford arranged to [citation needed] have several backhoes raise themselves up on their arms, and drove his car beneath them. This has since developed into a world famous demonstration of the versatility of the backhoe configuration. The JCB display team (JCB Dancing Diggers) tour agricultural shows and produce videos, showing some of the unusual ways in which such vehicles can support themselves or manoeuvre. For example, it is quite common for drivers to support the vehicle on both buckets, either for turning on the spot without damaging ground, or for spinning the tracks in a puddle to clean them. The display team expanded this concept into a sort of vehicle gymnastics. The drivers are members of JCB's demonstration team, who visit prospective customers and demonstrate machines on the customer's property in order to [citation needed] prove the machine's suitability for the task at hand.

JCB Insurance Services Ltd[edit]

JCB Insurance Services was founded in 1984 by JCB Chairman Sir Anthony Bamford as a fully owned subsidiary of to provide for the insurance needs of the customers purchasing the firm's equipment, with the funding they obtained from another fully owned subsidiary, JCB Finance. The insurance subsidiary provides all-risks policies, with optional additions for road risks coverage, and for Public liability and [18] [19] employers liability.

JCB Academy[edit]

Main article: JCB Academy JCB is the sponsor of JCB Academy, a new secondary school in Rocester which had its first intake of [20] pupils in September 2010.

In popular culture[edit]
In 1958 the singer Lenny Green had a song called JCB and Me. In UK version of the Teletubbies one of the live-action visual 5-minute segments (seen from a Teletubby belly) featured number counting involving vehicles in lines. A row of JCBs are seen in line, their hydraulics operated as if they are 'dancing'. JCB is prominently featured in the song entitled "JCB" by the music group Nizlopi, which has achieved UK Number One status. The song is about a boy who goes to work with his father for the day. A JCB (not talking) named Jekub appears in volume 2 (Diggers) of The Bromeliad (alias Nomes) series by Terry Pratchett. The Lego Technic range featured a scale-model of the JCB backhoe (Set 8862), complete with working hydraulics systems (simulated using pneumatics) and many other features of the original. In series 9 of Top Gear, Jeremy Clarkson bought a JCB Fastrac 8250 for a challenge involving "growing your own petrol". Jeremy Clarkson, James May, and Richard Hammondall had to reverse their vehicles around the Top Gear car park. The song "McCavity" by the UK group The Macc Lads contains the line "He's filled more holes than a JCB" to (rather crudely) demonstrate the sexual prowess of the band-member being sung about. One digger stars in the music video Sunday Morning - 1985 hit song by The Bolshoi. Three band members are standing on this 360-degree excavator while Trevor Tanner (the singer) is lying on the sofa.
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