MMDA vs Garin GR 130230

SECOND DIVISION [G.R. No. 130230. April 15, 2005] METROPOLITAN MANILA GARIN, respondent. DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, petitioner, vs. DANTE O.

DECISION CHICO NA!ARIO, J." At issue in t is !"se is t e #"li$it% o& Se!tion 5'&( o& Repu)li! A!t No. *+2, !re"tin- t e .etropolit"n ."nil" De#elop/ent Aut orit% '..DA(, 0 i! "ut ori1es it to !on&is!"te "n$ suspen$ or re#o2e $ri#er3s li!enses in t e en&or!e/ent o& tr"&&i! l"0s "n$ re-ul"tions. 4 e issue "rose &ro/ "n in!i$ent in#ol#in- t e respon$ent D"nte O. G"rin, " l"0%er, 0 o 0"s issue$ " tr"&&i! #iol"tion re!eipt '4VR( "n$ is $ri#er3s li!ense !on&is!"te$ &or p"r2in- ille-"ll% "lon- G"n$"r" Street, 5inon$o, ."nil", on 05 Au-ust 1++5. 4 e &ollo0in- st"te/ents 0ere printe$ on t e 4VR6 7O8 ARE 9ERE57 DIREC4ED 4O RE:OR4 4O 49E ..DA 4RA;;IC O:ERA4IONS CEN4ER :OR4 AREA .ANI<A A;4ER ,= 9O8RS ;RO. DA4E O; A::RE9ENSION ;OR DIS:OSI4ION>A::RO:RIA4E AC4ION 49EREON. CRI.INA< CASE S9A<< 5E ;I<ED ;OR ;AI<8RE 4O REDEE. <ICENSE A;4ER 30 DA7S. VA<ID AS 4E.:ORAR7 DRIVER3S <ICENSE ;OR SEVEN DA7S ;RO. DA4E O; A::RE9ENSION. [1] S ortl% )e&ore t e e?pir"tion o& t e 4VR3s #"li$it%, t e respon$ent "$$resse$ " letter [2] to t en ..DA C "ir/"n :rospero Oret" re@uestin- t e return o& is $ri#er3s li!ense, "n$ e?pressin- is pre&eren!e &or is !"se to )e &ile$ in !ourt. Re!ei#in- no i//e$i"te repl%, G"rin &ile$ t e ori-in"l !o/pl"int [3] 0it "ppli!"tion &or preli/in"r% inAun!tion in 5r"n! 2B0 o& t e Re-ion"l 4ri"l Court 'R4C( o& :"r"C"@ue, on 12 Septe/)er 1++5, !onten$in- t "t, in t e ")sen!e o& "n% i/ple/entin- rules "n$ re-ul"tions, Se!. 5'&( o& Rep. A!t No. *+2, -r"nts t e ..DA un)ri$le$ $is!retion to $epri#e errin- /otorists o& t eir li!enses, preDe/ptin- " Au$i!i"l $eter/in"tion o& t e #"li$it% o& t e $epri#"tion, t ere)% #iol"tin- t e $ue pro!ess !l"use o& t e Constitution. 4 e respon$ent &urt er !onten$e$ t "t t e pro#ision #iol"tes t e !onstitution"l pro i)ition "-"inst un$ue $ele-"tion o& le-isl"ti#e "ut orit%, "llo0in- "s it $oes t e ..DA to &i? "n$ i/pose unspe!i&ie$ E "n$ t ere&ore unli/ite$ D &ines "n$ ot er pen"lties on errin- /otorists. In support o& is "ppli!"tion &or " 0rit o& preli/in"r% inAun!tion, G"rin "lle-e$ t "t e su&&ere$ "n$ !ontinues to su&&er -re"t "n$ irrep"r")le $"/"-e )e!"use o& t e $epri#"tion o& is li!ense "n$ t "t, ")sent "n% i/ple/entin- rules &ro/ t e .etro ."nil" Coun!il, t e 4VR "n$ t e !on&is!"tion o& is li!ense "#e no le-"l )"sis. ;or its p"rt, t e ..DA, represente$ )% t e O&&i!e o& t e Soli!itor Gener"l, pointe$ out t "t t e po0ers -r"nte$ to it )% Se!. 5'&( o& Rep. A!t No. *+2, "re li/ite$ to t e &i?in-, !olle!tion "n$ i/position o& &ines "n$ pen"lties &or tr"&&i! #iol"tions, 0 i! po0ers "re le-isl"ti#e "n$ e?e!uti#e in n"tureF t e Au$i!i"r% ret"ins t e ri- t to $eter/ine t e #"li$it% o& t e pen"lt% i/pose$. It &urt er "r-ue$ t "t t e $o!trine o& sep"r"tion o& po0ers $oes not pre!lu$e G"$/i?tureH o& t e t ree po0ers o& -o#ern/ent in "$/inistr"ti#e "-en!ies.[,] 4 e ..DA "lso re&ute$ G"rin3s "lle-"tion t "t t e .etro ."nil" Coun!il, t e -o#ernin- )o"r$ "n$ poli!% /"2in- )o$% o& t e petitioner, "s "s %et to &or/ul"te t e i/ple/entin- rules &or Se!. 5'&( o& Rep. A!t No. *+2, "n$ $ire!te$ t e !ourt3s "ttention to ..DA .e/or"n$u/ Cir!ul"r No. 44D+5D001 $"te$ 15

April 1++5. Respon$ent G"rin, o0e#er, @uestione$ t e #"li$it% o& ..DA .e/or"n$u/ Cir!ul"r No. 44D +5D001, "s e !l"i/s t "t it 0"s p"sse$ )% t e .etro ."nil" Coun!il in t e ")sen!e o& " @uoru/. Iu$-e 9elen 5"utist"DRi!"&ort issue$ " te/por"r% restr"inin- or$er on 2B Septe/)er 1++5, e?ten$in- t e #"li$it% o& t e 4VR "s " te/por"r% $ri#er3s li!ense &or t0ent% /ore $"%s. A preli/in"r% /"n$"tor% inAun!tion 0"s -r"nte$ on 23 O!to)er 1++5, "n$ t e ..DA 0"s $ire!te$ to return t e respon$ent3s $ri#er3s li!ense. On 1, Au-ust 1++*, t e tri"l !ourt ren$ere$ t e "ss"ile$ $e!ision [5] in &"#or o& t e erein respon$ent "n$ el$ t "t6 ". 4 ere 0"s in$ee$ no @uoru/ in t "t ;irst Re-ul"r .eetin- o& t e ..DA Coun!il el$ on ."r! 23, 1++5, en!e ..DA .e/or"n$u/ Cir!ul"r No. 44D+5D001, "ut ori1in- !on&is!"tion o& $ri#er3s li!enses upon issu"n!e o& " 4VR, is #oi$ ab initio. ). 4 e su//"r% !on&is!"tion o& " $ri#er3s li!ense 0it out &irst -i#in- t e $ri#er "n opportunit% to )e e"r$F $epri#in- i/ o& " propert% ri- t '$ri#er3s li!ense( 0it out D8E :ROCESSF not &illin- ' sic( in Court t e !o/pl"int o& suppose$ tr"&&i! in&r"!tion, !"nnot )e Austi&ie$ )% "n% le-isl"tion '"n$ is( en!e un!onstitution"l. J9ERE;ORE, t e te/por"r% 0rit o& preli/in"r% inAun!tion is ere)% /"$e per/"nentF t 'e( ..DA is $ire!te$ to return to pl"inti&& is $ri#er3s li!enseF t 'e( ..DA is li2e0ise or$ere$ to $esist &ro/ !on&is!"tin- $ri#er3s li!ense 0it out &irst -i#in- t e $ri#er t e opportunit% to )e e"r$ in "n "ppropri"te pro!ee$in-. In &ilin- t is petition,[B] t e ..DA reiter"tes "n$ rein&or!es its "r-u/ent in t e !ourt )elo0 "n$ !onten$s t "t " li!ense to oper"te " /otor #e i!le is neit er " !ontr"!t nor " propert% ri- t, )ut is " pri#ile-e su)Ae!t to re"son")le re-ul"tion un$er t e poli!e po0er in t e interest o& t e pu)li! s"&et% "n$ 0el&"re. 4 e petitioner &urt er "r-ues t "t re#o!"tion or suspension o& t is pri#ile-e $oes not !onstitute " t"2in- 0it out $ue pro!ess "s lon- "s t e li!ensee is -i#en t e ri- t to "ppe"l t e re#o!"tion. 4o )uttress its "r-u/ent t "t " li!ensee /"% in$ee$ "ppe"l t e t"2in- "n$ t e Au$i!i"r% ret"ins t e po0er to $eter/ine t e #"li$it% o& t e !on&is!"tion, suspension or re#o!"tion o& t e li!ense, t e petitioner points out t "t un$er t e ter/s o& t e !on&is!"tion, t e li!ensee "s t ree options6 1. 4o #olunt"ril% p"% t e i/pos")le &ine, 2. 4o protest t e "ppre ension )% &ilin- " protest 0it t e ..DA A$Au$i!"tion Co//ittee, or 3. 4o re@uest t e re&err"l o& t e 4VR to t e :u)li! :rose!utor3s O&&i!e. 4 e ..DA li2e0ise "r-ues t "t .e/or"n$u/ Cir!ul"r No. 44D+5D001 0"s #"li$l% p"sse$ in t e presen!e o& " @uoru/, "n$ t "t t e lo0er !ourt3s &in$in- t "t it "$ not 0"s )"se$ on " G/is"ppre ension o& &"!ts,H 0 i! t e petitioner 0oul$ "#e us re#ie0. .oreo#er, it "sserts t "t t ou- t e !ir!ul"r is t e )"sis &or t e issu"n!e o& 4VRs, t e )"sis &or t e su//"r% !on&is!"tion o& li!enses is Se!. 5'&( o& Rep. A!t No. *+2, itsel&, "n$ t "t su! po0er is sel&De?e!utor% "n$ $oes not re@uire t e issu"n!e o& "n% i/ple/entin- re-ul"tion or !ir!ul"r. .e"n0 ile, on 12 Au-ust 200,, t e ..DA, t rou- its C "ir/"n 5"%"ni ;ern"n$o, i/ple/ente$ .e/or"n$u/ Cir!ul"r No. 0,, Series o& 200,, outlinin- t e pro!e$ures &or t e use o& t e .etropolit"n 4r"&&i! 4i!2et '.44( s! e/e. 8n$er t e !ir!ul"r, errin- /otorists "re issue$ "n .44, 0 i! !"n )e p"i$ "t "n% .etro)"n2 )r"n! . 4r"&&i! en&or!ers /"% no lon-er !on&is!"te $ri#ers3 li!enses "s " /"tter o& !ourse in !"ses o& tr"&&i! #iol"tions. All /otorists 0it unre$ee/e$ 4VRs 0ere -i#en se#en $"%s &ro/ t e $"te o& i/ple/ent"tion o& t e ne0 s%ste/ to p"% t eir &ines "n$ re$ee/ t eir li!ense or #e i!le pl"tes. [*] It 0oul$ see/, t ere&ore, t "t inso&"r "s t e ")sen!e o& " pri/" &"!ie !"se to enAoin t e petitioner &ro/ !on&is!"tin- $ri#ers3 li!enses is !on!erne$, re!ent e#ents "#e o#ert"2en t e Court3s nee$ to $e!i$e

t is !"se, 0 i! "s )een ren$ere$ /oot "n$ "!"$e/i! )% t e i/ple/ent"tion o& .e/or"n$u/ Cir!ul"r No. 0,, Series o& 200,. 4 e petitioner, o0e#er, is not pre!lu$e$ &ro/ reDi/ple/entin- .e/or"n$u/ Cir!ul"r No. 44D+5D 001, or "n% ot er s! e/e, &or t "t /"tter, t "t 0oul$ ent"il !on&is!"tin- $ri#ers3 li!enses. ;or t e proper i/ple/ent"tion, t ere&ore, o& t e petitioner3s &uture pro-r"/s, t is Court $ee/s it "ppropri"te to /"2e t e &ollo0in- o)ser#"tions6 1. A license to operate a motor vehicle is a privilege that the state may withhold in the exercise of its police power.

4 e petitioner !orre!tl% points out t "t " li!ense to oper"te " /otor #e i!le is not " propert% ri- t, )ut " pri#ile-e -r"nte$ )% t e st"te, 0 i! /"% )e suspen$e$ or re#o2e$ )% t e st"te in t e e?er!ise o& its poli!e po0er, in t e interest o& t e pu)li! s"&et% "n$ 0el&"re, su)Ae!t to t e pro!e$ur"l $ue pro!ess re@uire/ents. 4 is is !onsistent 0it our rulin-s in Pedro v. Provincial Board of Rizal[=] on t e li!ense to oper"te " !o!2pit, Tan v. Director of orestry[+] "n$ !posa v. actoran[10] on ti/)er li!ensin- "-ree/ents, "n$ "#rigao $lectric %o.& 'nc. v. (#nicipality of "#rigao [11] on " le-isl"ti#e &r"n! ise to oper"te "n ele!tri! pl"nt. :etitioner !ites " lon- list o& A/eri!"n !"ses to pro#e t is point, su! "s "tate ex. Rel. "#llivan, 0 i! st"tes in p"rt t "t, Gt e le-isl"ti#e po0er to re-ul"te tr"#el o#er t e i- 0"%s "n$ t orou- &"res o& t e st"te &or t e -ener"l 0el&"re is e?tensi#e. It /"% )e e?er!ise$ in "n% re"son")le /"nner to !onser#e t e s"&et% o& tr"#elers "n$ pe$estri"ns. Sin!e /otor #e i!les "re instru/ents o& potenti"l $"n-er, t eir re-istr"tion "n$ t e li!ensin- o& t eir oper"tors "#e )een re@uire$ "l/ost &ro/ t eir &irst "ppe"r"n!e. 4 e ri- t to oper"te t e/ in pu)li! pl"!es is not " n"tur"l "n$ unrestr"ine$ ri- t, )ut " pri#ile-e su)Ae!t to re"son")le re-ul"tion, un$er t e poli!e po0er, in t e interest o& t e pu)li! s"&et% "n$ 0el&"re. 4 e po0er to li!ense i/ports &urt er po0er to 0it ol$ or to re#o2e su! li!ense upon non!o/pli"n!e 0it pres!ri)e$ !on$itions.H
[12]

<i2e0ise, t e petitioner @uotes t e :enns%l#"ni" Supre/e Court in %ommonwealth v. #n),[13] to t e e&&e!t t "t6 GAuto/o)iles "re #e i!les o& -re"t spee$ "n$ po0er. 4 e use o& t e/ !onstitutes "n ele/ent o& $"n-er to persons "n$ propert% upon t e i- 0"%s. C"re&ull% oper"te$, "n "uto/o)ile is still " $"n-erous instru/ent"lit%, )ut, 0 en oper"te$ )% !"reless or in!o/petent persons, it )e!o/es "n en-ine o& $estru!tion. 4 e <e-isl"ture, in t e e?er!ise o& t e poli!e po0er o& t e !o//on0e"lt , not onl% /"%, )ut /ust, pres!ri)e o0 "n$ )% 0 o/ /otor #e i!les s "ll )e oper"te$ on t e i- 0"%s. One o& t e pri/"r% purposes o& " s%ste/ o& -ener"l re-ul"tion o& t e su)Ae!t /"tter, "s ere )% t e Ve i!le Co$e, is to insure t e !o/peten!% o& t e oper"tor o& /otor #e i!les. Su! " -ener"l l"0 is /"ni&estl% $ire!te$ to t e pro/otion o& pu)li! s"&et% "n$ is 0ell 0it in t e poli!e po0er.H 4 e !o//on t re"$ runnin- t rou- t e !ite$ !"ses is t "t it is t e le-isl"ture, in t e e?er!ise o& poli!e po0er, 0 i! "s t e po0er "n$ responsi)ilit% to re-ul"te o0 "n$ )% 0 o/ /otor #e i!les /"% )e oper"te$ on t e st"te i- 0"%s. *. The ((DA is not vested with police power.

In (etro (anila Development A#thority v. Bel+Air ,illage Association& 'nc.,[1,] 0e !"te-ori!"ll% st"te$ t "t Rep. A!t No. *+2, $oes not -r"nt t e ..DA 0it poli!e po0er, let "lone le-isl"ti#e po0er, "n$ t "t "ll its &un!tions "re "$/inistr"ti#e in n"ture. 4 e s"i$ !"se "lso in#ol#e$ t e erein petitioner ..DA 0 i! !l"i/e$ t "t it "$ t e "ut orit% to open " su)$i#ision street o0ne$ )% t e 5elDAir Vill"-e Asso!i"tion, In!. to pu)li! tr"&&i! )e!"use it is "n "-ent o& t e st"te en$o0e$ 0it poli!e po0er in t e $eli#er% o& )"si! ser#i!es in .etro ."nil". ;ro/ t is pre/ise, t e ..DA "r-ue$ t "t t ere 0"s no nee$ &or t e Cit% o& ."2"ti to en"!t "n or$in"n!e openinNeptune Street to t e pu)li!. 4r"!in- t e le-isl"ti#e istor% o& Rep. A!t No. *+2, !re"tin- t e ..DA, 0e !on!lu$e$ t "t t e ..DA is not " lo!"l -o#ern/ent unit or " pu)li! !orpor"tion en$o0e$ 0it le-isl"ti#e po0er, "n$, unli2e its pre$e!essor, t e .etro ."nil" Co//ission, it "s no po0er to en"!t or$in"n!es &or t e 0el&"re o& t e !o//unit%. 4 us, in t e ")sen!e o& "n or$in"n!e &ro/ t e Cit% o& ."2"ti, its o0n or$er to open t e street 0"s in#"li$.

Je rest"te ere t e $o!trine in t e s"i$ $e!ision "s it "pplies to t e !"se "t )"r6 poli!e po0er, "s "n in erent "ttri)ute o& so#erei-nt%, is t e po0er #este$ )% t e Constitution in t e le-isl"ture to /"2e, or$"in, "n$ est")lis "ll /"nner o& 0 oleso/e "n$ re"son")le l"0s, st"tutes "n$ or$in"n!es, eit er 0it pen"lties or 0it out, not repu-n"nt to t e Constitution, "s t e% s "ll Au$-e to )e &or t e -oo$ "n$ 0el&"re o& t e !o//on0e"lt , "n$ &or t e su)Ae!ts o& t e s"/e. 9"#in- )een lo$-e$ pri/"ril% in t e N"tion"l <e-isl"ture, it !"nnot )e e?er!ise$ )% "n% -roup or )o$% o& in$i#i$u"ls not possessin- le-isl"ti#e po0er. 4 e N"tion"l <e-isl"ture, o0e#er, /"% $ele-"te t is po0er to t e presi$ent "n$ "$/inistr"ti#e )o"r$s "s 0ell "s t e l"0/"2in- )o$ies o& /uni!ip"l !orpor"tions or lo!"l -o#ern/ent units '<G8s(. On!e $ele-"te$, t e "-ents !"n e?er!ise onl% su! le-isl"ti#e po0ers "s "re !on&erre$ on t e/ )% t e n"tion"l l"0/"2in- )o$%. Our Con-ress $ele-"te$ poli!e po0er to t e <G8s in t e <o!"l Go#ern/ent Co$e o& 1++1. [15] A lo!"l -o#ern/ent is " Gpoliti!"l su)$i#ision o& " n"tion or st"te 0 i! is !onstitute$ )% l"0 "n$ "s su)st"nti"l !ontrol o& lo!"l "&&"irs.H[1B] <o!"l -o#ern/ent units "re t e pro#in!es, !ities, /uni!ip"lities "n$ barangays, 0 i! e?er!ise poli!e po0er t rou- t eir respe!ti#e le-isl"ti#e )o$ies. .etropolit"n or .etro ."nil" is " )o$% !o/pose$ o& se#er"l lo!"l -o#ern/ent units. Jit t e p"ss"-e o& Rep. A!t No. *+2, in 1++5, .etropolit"n ."nil" 0"s $e!l"re$ "s " Kspe!i"l $e#elop/ent "n$ "$/inistr"ti#e re-ionK "n$ t e "$/inistr"tion o& K/etroD0i$eK )"si! ser#i!es "&&e!tin- t e re-ion pl"!e$ un$er K" $e#elop/ent "ut orit%K re&erre$ to "s t e ..DA. 4 us6 . . . [4] e po0ers o& t e ..DA "re li/ite$ to t e &ollo0in- "!ts6 &or/ul"tion, !oor$in"tion, re-ul"tion, i/ple/ent"tion, prep"r"tion, /"n"-e/ent, /onitorin-, settin- o& poli!ies, inst"ll"tion o& " s%ste/ "n$ "$/inistr"tion. There is no syllable in R. A. No. 7924 that grants the MMDA police po er, let alone legislative po er. Ev#n $%# M#$r& Mani'a C&(n)i' %as n&$ *##n +#'#,a$#+ an- '#,is'a$iv# .&/#r . 8nli2e t e le-isl"ti#e )o$ies o& t e lo!"l -o#ern/ent units, $%#r# is n& .r&visi&n in R. A. N&. 0122 $%a$ #3.&/#rs $%# MMDA &r i$s C&(n)i' $& 4#na)$ &r+inan)#s, a..r&v# r#s&'($i&ns an+ a..r&.ria$# 5(n+s 5&r $%# ,#n#ra' /#'5ar#4 &5 $%# in%a*i$an$s &5 M#$r& Mani'a . 4 e ..DA is, "s ter/e$ in t e ! "rter itsel&, " K$e#elop/ent "ut orit%.K I$ is an a,#n)- )r#a$#+ 5&r $%# .(r.&s# &5 'a-in, +&/n .&'i)i#s an+ )&&r+ina$in, /i$% $%# vari&(s na$i&na' ,&v#rn3#n$ a,#n)i#s, .#&.'#6s &r,ani7a$i&ns, n&n ,&v#rn3#n$a' &r,ani7a$i&ns an+ $%# .riva$# s#)$&r 5&r $%# #55i)i#n$ an+ #8.#+i$i&(s +#'iv#r&5 *asi) s#rvi)#s in $%# vas$ 3#$r&.&'i$an ar#a. All its !"nctions are ad#inistrative in nat"re "n$ t ese "re "!tu"ll% su//e$ up in t e ! "rter itsel&, #i16 GSe!. 2. Cre"tion o& t e .etropolit"n ."nil" De#elop/ent Aut orit%. DD D? ? ?. 4 e ..DA s "ll per&or/ pl"nnin-, /onitorin- "n$ !oor$in"ti#e &un!tions, "n$ in t e pro!ess e?er!ise re-ul"tor% "n$ super#isor% "ut orit% o#er t e $eli#er% o& /etroD0i$e ser#i!es 0it in .etro ."nil", 0it out $i/inution o& t e "utono/% o& t e lo!"l -o#ern/ent units !on!ernin- purel% lo!"l /"tters.H L. Cle"rl%, t e ..DA is not " politi!"l unit o& -o#ern/ent. 4 e po0er $ele-"te$ to t e ..DA is t "t -i#en to t e .etro ."nil" Coun!il to pro/ul-"te "$/inistr"ti#e rules "n$ re-ul"tions in t e i/ple/ent"tion o& t e ..DA3s &un!tions. There is no grant o! a"thority to enact ordinances and reg"lations !or the general el!are o! the inhabitants o! the #etropolis. [1*] '&ootnotes o/itte$, e/p "sis supplie$( 4 ere&ore, inso&"r "s Se!. 5'&( o& Rep. A!t No. *+2, is un$erstoo$ )% t e lo0er !ourt "n$ )% t e petitioner to -r"nt t e ..DA t e power to !on&is!"te "n$ suspen$ or re#o2e $ri#ers3 li!enses witho#t need of any other legislative enactment, su! is "n un"ut ori1e$ e?er!ise o& poli!e po0er. -. "ec. ./f0 grants the ((DA with the d#ty to enforce existing traffic r#les and reg#lations.

Se!tion 5 o& Rep. A!t No. *+2, enu/er"tes t e G;un!tions "n$ :o0ers o& t e .etro ."nil" De#elop/ent Aut orit%.H 4 e !onteste$ !l"use in Se!. 5'&( st"tes t "t t e petitioner s "ll Ginst"ll "n$ "$/inister " sin-le ti!2etin- s%ste/, &i?, i/pose "n$ !olle!t &ines "n$ pen"lties &or "ll 2in$s o& #iol"tions o& tr"&&i! rules "n$ re-ul"tions, 0 et er /o#in- or non/o#in- in n"ture, "n$ !on&is!"te "n$ suspen$ or re#o2e $ri#ers3 li!enses in the enforcement of s#ch traffic laws and reg#lations , t e pro#isions o& Rep. A!t No. ,13B[1=] "n$ :.D. No. 1B05[1+] to t e !ontr"r% not0it st"n$in-,H "n$ t "t G'&(or t is purpose, t e Aut orit% s "ll en&or!e "ll tr"&&i! l"0s "n$ re-ul"tions in .etro ."nil", t rou- its tr"&&i! oper"tion !enter, "n$ /"% $eputi1e /e/)ers o& t e :N:, tr"&&i! en&or!ers o& lo!"l -o#ern/ent units, $ul% li!ense$ se!urit% -u"r$s, or /e/)ers o& nonD-o#ern/ent"l or-"ni1"tions to 0 o/ /"% )e $ele-"te$ !ert"in "ut orit%, su)Ae!t to su! !on$itions "n$ re@uire/ents "s t e Aut orit% /"% i/pose.H 4 us, 0 ere t ere is " tr"&&i! l"0 or re-ul"tion #"li$l% en"!te$ )% t e le-isl"ture or t ose "-en!ies to 0 o/ le-isl"ti#e po0ers "#e )een $ele-"te$ 't e Cit% o& ."nil" in t is !"se(, t e petitioner is not pre!lu$e$ E "n$ in &"!t is $ut%D)oun$ E to !on&is!"te "n$ suspen$ or re#o2e $ri#ers3 li!enses in t e e?er!ise o& its /"n$"te o& tr"nsport "n$ tr"&&i! /"n"-e/ent, "s 0ell "s t e "$/inistr"tion "n$ i/ple/ent"tion o& "ll tr"&&i! en&or!e/ent oper"tions, tr"&&i! en-ineerin- ser#i!es "n$ tr"&&i! e$u!"tion pro-r"/s.[20] 4 is is !onsistent 0it our rulin- in Bel+Air t "t t e ..DA is " $e#elop/ent "ut orit% !re"te$ &or t e purpose o& l"%in- $o0n poli!ies "n$ !oor$in"tin- 0it t e #"rious n"tion"l -o#ern/ent "-en!ies, people3s or-"ni1"tions, nonD-o#ern/ent"l or-"ni1"tions "n$ t e pri#"te se!tor, 0 i! /"% enforce, )ut not enact, or$in"n!es. 4 is is "lso !onsistent 0it t e &un$"/ent"l rule o& st"tutor% !onstru!tion t "t " st"tute is to )e re"$ in " /"nner t "t 0oul$ )re"t e li&e into it, r"t er t "n $e&e"t it, [21] "n$ is supporte$ )% t e !riteri" in !"ses o& t is n"ture t "t "ll re"son")le $ou)ts s oul$ )e resol#e$ in &"#or o& t e !onstitution"lit% o& " st"tute. [22] A l"st 0or$. 4 e ..DA 0"s inten$e$ to !oor$in"te ser#i!es 0it /etroD0i$e i/p"!t t "t tr"ns!en$ lo!"l politi!"l )oun$"ries or 0oul$ ent"il u-e e?pen$itures i& pro#i$e$ )% t e in$i#i$u"l <G8s, espe!i"ll% 0it re-"r$ to tr"nsport "n$ tr"&&i! /"n"-e/ent, [23] "n$ 0e "re "0"re o& t e #"li"nt e&&orts o& t e petitioner to unt"n-le t e in!re"sin-l% tr"&&i!Dsn"rle$ ro"$s o& .etro ."nil". 5ut t ese l"u$")le intentions "re li/ite$ )% t e ..DA3s en")lin- l"0, 0 i! 0e !"n )ut interpret, "n$ petitioner /ust )e re/in$e$ t "t its efforts in this respect m#st be a#thorized by a valid law& or ordinance& or reg#lation arising from a legitimate so#rce. 9HERE:ORE, t e petition is DIS.ISSED. SO ORDERED. P#no& /%hairman0& A#stria+(artinez& %alle1o& "r.& "n$ Tinga& 22.& !on!ur.