1. Revise lesson 13. 2. REvise English portions 3.

Indian National Movement - 1885-1905 East India movement - 1600 on 31st Dec 1608 - Sought permission in India from - Jahangir to se t up trade in India. DEclined 1613 - Resought permission. Thomas Roe - Given - set up in Surat 1639 - Francis Day - established Fort St george in Madra s . 1668 - Obtained Bombay for least for 10 pounds per annum 1690 - Purchased Calcutta - Fort William constructed 1757 - Battle of Plassey 1761 - Third battle of Panipet 1764 - Battle of Buxar - After this company became superpower until 1858 Robert Clive - First governer of Fort William.Introduced Dual System 1772 - Warren Hastings became governer of Fort William at that time administration of bengal wa s in chaos. reforms made -> abolition of dual system reduced funding to Nawab from 32 lakhs to half stopped payment of 26 laksh to Mughal emperor Board of Revenue established Calcutta became capital of 1772 Highest civil court of appeal -> Sadar Diwani Adalat, Highest appellate criminal court of appeal -> Sadar Nizamat Adalat Hindu an d Muslim pandits helped to create teh law - Code of Hindu Laws - created by Halh ed REgulati ng act of 1773 -> 1. term of office members extended from 1 to 4 yrs. Brought the affairs under the parliament of Britain GG made powerless Known for Ex pansionist policy -> 1. Rohilla war (1774) - rule fo rohilkand (Hafiz Rahmat Kha n) and Nawab to Oudh 2. First Anglo Maratho WAr (1775-82) -> Treaty of Salbai signed between Hastings and Mahadaji Scindia. This established the British influence in Indian Politics. Provided 20 yrs of Freedom fro british from united Indian Power opposition

3. Second Anglo -Mysore War (1780-84) Reason: British failed to fulfill terms in treaty signed in 1st mysore wa r with Haider Ali They captured Mahe, a French settlement within Haider territories Haider Ali formed alliance with Nizam of Hyd and Marathas - captured Arcot in 1780. Hasting made friendship with Nizam and divided the allicance. Thus Haider was isolated. He was defeated at Porto Novo in 1781. Died of cancer in 1782, Dec and his de ath was kept secret until his son Tipu sultan assumed power. This war ended with Treaty of Mangalore in 1783. Pitts In dia Act of 1784 - Pitt was the PM of Britain. REfomed Regulating Act. IT was a rude shock and bitter disappointment for Warren HAstings. He quit in 17 85. He laid the foundation on which others e rected stately edifice. 1786 - Lord Cornwallis became GG. -> Treaty of Mangalore exposed B ritain's weakness. Tipu Sultan wanted to revenge ag ainst Britain, the Nawabs and Marathas who left his dad in lurch at last moment. Tipu strengthed his army and mad e ally with French. 1789 - Britain made tripartiet a lliance with Nizam and Maraths. 1790 - war broke out - Third Ang lo - Mysore War. At that time Medows was teh governor of Madras. It ended with Treaty of Sriranga pattinam in 1792. Tipu lost. This treaty was very important s ince British capture lot of malabar coast. Important reforms -> 1. Admin re forms 2. Permanent Settlement. 3. Judicial adn other reforms Appointed District Judges. Appointed Munsiffs civil cases -> Hindu/Muslim law combo followed. criminal -> muslim law followed Police reforms - appointed Daroga.

MAde all officials answerable to courts. Good person. Known as law giver.

Collegue - George Barlow. With his help he created a comprehensive code based o n "Principle of Montesquieu" the "Seperation of Powers" 1793-98 -> Sir John Shore after Cornwallis and his tenu re was uneventful. 1798 -> Richard Colley Wellesley - GG. R.C.Wellesley Made British Empire in India to British Empire of India Brought in Subsidary Alliance which means British troops are to be kept in each of the states by the rulers i n which case that particular ruler will not be fought with. Even if some other ruler fights, British wud support them. This made many kings adn prince lazy failign to keep their troops in shape thus slowly losign out to British ent irely. Thousands of soldiers lost their jobs so pindaris strength increased By this system,expansion became easy. Hyderabad was teh first state to become subisdary state in 1798 1799 - He took over Tanjore. Ser boji was teh ruler then. he built the saraswathi mahal library. Gave him pension of 4 lacs of rupees. By annexing Tanj ore and KArnataka -> lead to formation fo Madras Presidency So he is the mak er of MAdras Presidency adn creator of province of Agra. 1799 - Fourth Mysore War - Tipu wanted to revenge again agaisnt his humiliating defeat. So joined hands with Nap olean. But the French army was disbanded becaus e of the triparitie alliance of 1790. Wessley brother Arthur wesslery also lead the british troops from chennai Tipu was shot de ad in his capital Srirangapattinam. Family sent to vellore fort. 1800 - Only power remaining was Marathas. Nana Fadnavis -> was a leader for marathas. He helped Cornwallis agai nst Tipu and acquired large territory as the share of Marathas. his death proved decline in maratha leadership as well. 1802 - Treaty of Bassein. Rulers after Nan a lacked political wisdom. Peshwa Rao Baji II signed Treaty of Bassein. This was teh crownin truimph of Subsidary system thus capturing Poona. 1803-1805 -> The other maratha r ulers felt insulted by the treaty of bassein. Bhonsle and Scindia. With Bhonsle -> Treaty of Deogaon was signed -> losing calc utta With Scindia -> Treaty of Surji-Arjungaon was signed. 1805 -> Sir George Ballow -GG 1806 - Vellore Mutiny took place 1807 -> Lord Minto

1. Treaty of Amritsar - 1809 2. Charter act of 1813. 1813 -> Lord Hastings Ryotwari System was approved by Hastings which was introduced in madras presidency by Sir Thomas Munroe - land revenue Encouraged vernacular schools Patron of Hindu college Encouraged PRess and abolished C ensorship 1. Gurkha war - 1814-1816 2. Gurkha state - Nepal. War dec lared since NEpal ppl killed 18 British policemen. 3. 1816 -> Treaty of Sanguli was signed. So brit captured Himalayas. 4. 1817 -> Third Maratha war -> Treaty of Nagpur, trety of Poona were signed. End of MArathas in Dec 1917. Who are Pindaris -> Served army without payment but was allowed to plunder. They were growing in number in c entral India in Rajputana. HAstings took war aganist them and they suppressed i 1824. 1823 - 1828 -> Lord Amherst (First Anglo Mysore war 182 4-26) 1828 - Lord Wlliam Bentick was GG. Was governor Of Madras in 1803. Was supporti ng Thomas Munroe. Becuase of Vellore Mutiny he was recalled. He was teh first GG to work on the dictu m that "Welfare of ppl comes the main, the primary duty of British in India". 1. Adopted "Non-Intervention" and "Non-A ggression" policies. If at all he interfered, it was due to any form of misgover nment but not to annex any territory 2. Mysore - He made KRishnaraja III as r uler. he was good until he had Punaraiya as his minister. But after some time th e ruler was incompetent. Farmers made a r evolt in 1830. So Brit had to brign army from Madras adn curb them. They placed a commissioner to monitor Mysore and Raja given pension. HE was lord Cubb on. He was very able person. To remember his services, Cubbon park in blore was named after him. 3. Cachar -> Treaty of Yandaboo. First B urmese war. Ruler was assasinated. so under ppl's wish Bentick annexted Cachar. 4. Jaintia -> ruler was unruly/unjust gi ving sacrifices to KAli. sO he annexed this country. 5. Coorg -> Ruler Vira Raja was unruly k illed all his male relatives. So he sent colonel lindsay to capture Mercara, cap ital of Coorg and annexed it 6. Relations with Ranjit Singh -> Ranjit Singh was ruler of Punjab - capital Lahore. William Bentick visualised Russian Threat. So to open up Sutlej, treaty was signed. called Indus Nav igation Treaty was concluded. 7. Charter act of 1833 -> Waht is charter act? Regulating act of 1773 made it compulsory to renew Company's charter after 20yrs. Hence teh Charte r act of 1793, 1813 and 1833 came into picture.

1833-> defined s cope of east india company in india.1. made it into political agent. 2. GG of Fort William wud be GG of India. So William Bentick becmae the first GG of INdia Last of charter acts - 1853. 8. Reforms -> 1. Reduced salary and doub le batta (an allowance to troops). so treasury ahd suprplus of 1.5 millions 2. Abolished p rovincial courts. Introduced local language in lower court and English in higher courts in place of Persian. 3. Abolished s Ati by Regulation XVII in 4 Dec 1829 in bengal. extended to bombay and madras pr esidencies as well. 4. supprssed T hugs (hereditary robbers) with Sir Willaim Sleeman help. So william sleeman was known as "Thugee sleeman". 5 prevented f emale infanticides. 6. Introduced English education - took help of Lord Macaulay. made English official language b y Govt resolution in 1835. Started Calcutta Medical College. 1836-42 -> Lord Auckland.First Afghan war. failure. so r ecalled. -> Lord Ellenbourough -> ended Afghan wa r. annexed sindh. 1844-48 -> Lord Hardinge -> first anglo-sikh war adn tre aty of Lahore. 1848 -> Lord Dalhousie-> Jan 1848 - came to calcu tta. youngest GG of India. Robert Peel was Brit PM then. Annexation policy -prime - Punjab, Lower Burma, Central Province and Oudh 2nd Anglo-sikh war - Pun jab was annexed. Lawrence brothers hlped in admin 2nd Burmese war -> Rango on becme biggest ports in Asia. Doctrine of Lapse - anne x if no heir. Annexation of Oudh -> mu slim territory -> soldiers considered great insult since many came from Oudh. Na wab given 12lakh pension every yr. This contributed to Muti ny of 1857. Doctine of Lapse policy withdrawn after Mutiny of 1857. Father of Railways adn T elegraph in India. Introduced modernisation in India. Called "maker of Modern IN dia". Techology advancements > 1. Introduced Railways. -> Guarantee system - railway companies were guaranteed min interst of 5%. -> First railway line - Bombay to Thane -> 1853. Calcutta to RaniGanj coal fields -> 1854

Chennai to Arakonnam -> 1856 2. Telegraph -> By O'Shagunessy in 1852, main cities of India, Madras, Peshwa, Calcutta and B ombay were telegraphically connected. Proved very important in Mutiny of 1857 3. Postal Reform -> Dept of Post introduced in 1854. half an anna for post throughout India. Free stamps. 4. Education -> Despatch of charles wood (1854) was teh intellectual charter of India. Dalhou sie accepted Charles wood reforms. Imparting technical education -> Dept of Public instructions organised. -> introduced Madras, bombay adn calcutta university in 1857 on the model of Lon don univ 5. Public works dept -> earlier done by military. -> alloted more funds for canals and bridges. upper ganges canal in 1854. Left India in 1857 becua se of mutiny. 1860 he died due to illness. First three decades of 19th century - education thro traditional schools. 1835 -> William Bentick introduced english education as primary. with Lord Macu alay 1854 -> Despatch of charles wood. under Lord Dalhousie 1857 - univ were constructed Widow remarriage act - 1856 by J.P Grant. Raja rammohan roy/Iswara chandr vidya sa gar. Child Marriage -> Mahapap bala vivah is a journal. Child marriage: a card inal sin was started with efforts of B.M.Malabari. 1870. In 1846, min age for marriage in women is 10yrs. In 1891, through age of consent act, raised to 12 yrs. 1930, Sharda act, raised to 14 yrs 1978, raised to 18 yrs. Downtrodden/Caste system -> BR Ambedkar in Bombay started Bahiskrit Hitkarini sa bha in July 1924. Jyotirao Phule (western india) and Narayana Guru (kerala) supported by forming samaj Madras presidency -> Sel f Respect movemen tof EVR Periyar was started.

Palayakkar rebellion -> 1799 (reb 1 - same time as tanjore was annexed by RC Wel lesley and Fourth mysore war of Tipu Sultan agaisnt Brtitish adn subsequetn Tret y of Srirangapatinam signed) ; 1800-1801(reb 2) Rebellion 1 - Kattabomman agains t Brit REb 2 - Marudu pandiar against B rit Summary: Palayakkar -> head of palayam. said land belong to them since passed on to them since 60 generations. East India company didnt accept this logic. wante d to pay kist (Tribute) western bloc (marava palyakkar) - headed by Puli Thevar - Nerkattumseval eastern bloc (telugu palayakkar) - headed by Kattabomman - Panjalamkurichi They had to pay tribute on basis of Karnatac treaty of 1792 by Nawab of Arcot to Brit. Western bloc -> Puli Thevar - Ma fuz khan was his rebel. tool col Heron's help. Puli thevar captured MAdurai but it was recaptured by Yusuf khan. Yusuf was entrusted by Brit to capture Puli th evar Nerkattumseval attacked in 1759. 1767, city was captured and Puli thevar escaped and died in exile. Eastern bloc - Kattabomman - had arrears pending of 3310 pagodas. Collector Jackson. JAckson humiliated Kattabom man many times refusing to meet him other than Ramanathapuram.Despite this he f ollwoed JAckson for 23 days travelling 400 miles to meet him. he was made to be in a fort for 3 hrs standing. the amt left to be paid was only 1090 pagodas. he esacpe d from fort but his minister sivasubramaniam pillai was caught. After his return to panchalkurinji he applied to Madras council with the facts. HE was found NOT guil ty adn JAckson was fired. Pillai was released but the humiliation sufferred was on. S.R. Lushington was appointed as teh collector. Kattabomman and Marudu pandiar b ecame close. Took help of pallayakar of sivagiri. so brit waged war against katt abomman. In 1799, Lord RC Wellesley issued orders to Major Bannerman and recd ultimat um to kattabomman to surrender on 1st sep. Since he replied stating he wud suren der on a lukcky day, on 5th sep his fort was attacked. he escaped to Pudukottai, but th e ruler of pudukottai caught him from jungles of kalapore and handed over to bri t. Pillai was executed on 13th sep 1799. 17th Oct Kattabomman was hung on fort of Kayattar. so 1799 ended first p alayakar war. Kattabomman's brother Ooamthurai , joined hands with marudu pandiars of sivagangai,gopala nayaak of Dindigul, Ver ma of Malabar and Krishnappa nayak of Mysore. So second rebellion started in 1

800 taking cntrl of Panchalakurini fort. but they were crushed by Brits. land w as ploughed with castor oil and salt to make it inhabitable for ppl. Everyone marudu brother and thei r sons, oomathurai and sevathiah beheaded on 1801, 16th Nov. By karnatac treaty of 31st July 1801, entire tamilnadu came under control of Brit. Palayakar system gave rise to Zamindari settlement.

VELLORE MUTINY 1806. Diff between earlier struggle of Kattabomman, Marudu brothers, p uli thevar adn vellore mutiny? Former is that of rulers. Later that of native se poys. Causes: 1. Sepoys were used to old cheftains. Since they disappe ared, the company's warfare methods were new and difficult to them Sir John Cradock with approval from William Bentick introduced turban, a kind of european hat. caste marks and ear rings were not allowed. Ask ed to shave and trim moustache. So it was considered as an insult. Treated sepoys as inferior. they cannot forget their original lo yalties.