Drown 1 Chris Drown Sergeant AP US History 13 November 2013 Chapter 14 Summaries The Withdrawal of the South With Lincolns

election as the 16th President of the United States, South Carolina voted in December of 1860 to secede from the union. By Lincolns inauguration, six more states (Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas) follow suit. These states form the Confederate States of America in February of 1861. These states begin to seize federal properties, but at first lacked power to seize the military instillations at Fort Sumter, South Carolina and Fort Pickens, Florida. The Failure of Compromise Senator John Crittenden of Kentucky proposed constitutional amendments to allow permanent slavery in slave states, and for fugitives to be returned to those states. He also wanted to reinstate the Missouri Compromise Line for the West. Republicans refused this compromise. Lincoln also came to office to state- The Union is older than the Constitution itself, therefore no state could leave it. He also believed secession equated insurrection. Fort Sumter Fort Sumter began to run low on supplies, so Lincoln sent supply ships to South Carolina. In order to not appear weak, General PGT Beauregard captured fort. After the capture of Fort Sumter, Lincoln began to prepare for war, but Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina also seceded from the Union. People came to believe North and South were too incompatible to live together in peace.

Drown 2 The Opposing Side The North held significant material advantages and double the population than that of the South. They were also more advanced and industrialized, had better transportation systems and more railroads. South claimed to be fighting defensive war on their own land, with strong support of population. The North seemed to be more divided. Economic Measures Without Southern forces, Congress is able to create many nationalistic programs to stimulate the economy. 1. Homestead Act of 1862- Gave public land to settlers for a very small fee 2. Morrill Land Grant Act- Gave land to state governments to sell for Money to benefit public education 3. High Tariffs- Pays for 2/3rds of the entire war 4. National Bank Acts of 1863-64- created new bank system; banks could join if they invested in government, in turn could issue US Treasure notes as currency Raising Union Armies Congress begins to round up 500,000 volunteers for a 3-month period to take care of Southern skirmishes. People typically remained inactive, due to the widespread belief of weak national government. Wartime Politics Lincoln asserts his authority with a very Republican cabinet, and used his powers of president to negate parts of the constitution (I.e. Declaration of War.) He was faced with opposition from Copperheads who feared agriculture lost influence in North. Lincoln suppressed opposition by ordering military arrest to civilian antagonists. 1864 election formed union between Republicans and War Democrats in Union Party. Lincoln is reelected.

Drown 3 The Politics of Emancipation Republicans disagree on slavery. Lincoln gathers behind emancipation with the 1861 Confiscation Act which freed all slaves used for insurrectionary purposes. 1862 Confiscation Act freed all slaves of people supporting the insurrection. This is when emancipation was accepted in Union. Emancipation Proclamation frees all slaves in only Confederate areas. This distinctly excluded Union slave states. In 1865, Congress ratifies 13th Amendment abolishing slavery in all parts of the United States. African Americans and the Union Cause